CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1873 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ea4e31c9-ea83-4fa2-8469-8948410b228d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1873","wgTitle":"1873","wgCurRevisionId":1278743398,"wgRevisionId":1278743398,"wgArticleId":34746,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)","CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB","Use mdy dates from March 2011","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles containing Latin-language text","1873"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1873","wgRelevantArticleId":34746,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"AD_1873","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/1873","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7757","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1873 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1873 rootpage-1873 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1873" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1873" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1873" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1873" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>January–March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>April–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>July–September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January–March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>April–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>July–September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1873</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 177 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-177" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">177 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1873 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1873 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1873 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1873 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B7%DB%B3_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۷۳ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۷۳ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A9" title="১৮৭৩ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৭৩" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_n%C3%AE" title="1873 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1873 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1873 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1873 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873." title="1873. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1873." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1873 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1873 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B7%DB%B3" title="۱۸۷۳ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۷۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1873 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1873 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873%E5%B9%B4" title="1873年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1873年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873%EB%85%84" title="1873년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1873년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9" title="१८७३ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८७३" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873." title="1873. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1873." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A9" title="মারি ১৮৭৩ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৭৩" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1873-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1873-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%AD%E0%B3%A9" title="೧೮೭೩ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೭೩" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1873 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1873 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1873 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1873 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1873-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1873-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1873 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1873 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D0%B8" title="1873 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1873 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873._gads" title="1873. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1873. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1873 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1873 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_m." title="1873 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1873 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9" title="१८७३ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८७३" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9" title="इ.स. १८७३ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८७३" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B7%DB%B3" title="۱۸۷۳ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۷۳" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1873 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1873 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%87%E1%81%83" title="၁၈၇၃ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၇၃" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9" title="ई सं १८७३ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८७३" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873%E5%B9%B4" title="1873年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1873年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1873 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1873 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AD%E0%AD%A9" title="୧୮୭୩ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୭୩" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9" title="१८७३ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८७३" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1873 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1873 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1873 сыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1873 сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9" title="१८७३ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८७३" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873%D8%B9" title="1873ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1873ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A7%D9%A3" title="١٨٧٣ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٧٣" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873." title="1873. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1873." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1873 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1873 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2416" title="พ.ศ. 2416 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2416" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1873" title="Соли 1873 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1873" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1873 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1873 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873%D8%A1" title="1873ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1873ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1873 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1873 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_nienz" title="1873 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1873 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4" title="一八七三年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一八七三年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873%E5%B9%B4" title="1873年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1873年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873%E5%B9%B4" title="1873年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1873年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873%E5%B9%B4" title="1873年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1873年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" title="1873 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1873" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7757#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1873" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1873" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1873"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1873"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/1873" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/1873" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&oldid=1278743398" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=1873&id=1278743398&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1873"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1873"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1873&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1873" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/1873" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7757" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=AD_1873&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1873">AD 1873</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880s" title="1880s">1880s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890s" title="1890s">1890s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1870" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1870">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1871" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1871">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1872" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1872">1872</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1873" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1873">1873</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1874" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1874">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1875" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1875">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1876" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1876">1876</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1873" title="Category:1873">1873 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_animation" title="1873 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_archaeology" title="1873 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_architecture" title="1873 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_art" title="1873 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_literature" title="1873 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_poetry" title="1873 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_music" title="1873 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_Australia" title="1873 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_Belgium" title="1873 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_Brazil" title="1873 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_Canada" title="1873 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_China" title="1873 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_Denmark" title="1873 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_France" title="1873 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_Germany" title="1873 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_New_Zealand" title="1873 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_Norway" title="1873 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_Portugal" title="1873 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_South_Africa" title="1873 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_Sweden" title="1873 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1873 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_the_United_States" title="1873 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_rail_transport" title="1873 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_science" title="1873 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_sports" title="1873 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1873" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1873">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1873_in_law" title="Category:1873 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1873_births" title="Category:1873 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1873_deaths" title="Category:1873 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1873_establishments" title="Category:1873 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1873_disestablishments" title="Category:1873 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1873_works" title="Category:1873 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1873 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1873<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCLXXIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2626</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1322<br />ԹՎ ՌՅԻԲ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6623</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>29–30</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1794–1795</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1279–1280</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2823</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>36 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a> – 37 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2417</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1235</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7381–7382</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">壬申</a>年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />4570 or 4363<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />癸酉年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />4571 or 4364</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1589–1590</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3039</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1865–1866</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5633–5634</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1929–1930</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1794–1795</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4973–4974</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11873</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>873–874</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1251–1252</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1289–1290</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Meiji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji (era)">Meiji</a> 6<br />(明治６年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1801–1802</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4206</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>39 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前39年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>405</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2415–2416</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳水猴年<br />(male Water-<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />1999 or 1618 or 846<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴水鸡年<br />(female Water-<a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />2000 or 1619 or 847</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1873" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1873">1873</a></span>.</div></div> </div><p><b>1873</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCLXXIII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Common year starting on Wednesday">common year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Common year starting on Monday">common year starting on Monday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1873rd year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 873rd year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 73rd year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 4th year of the <a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a> decade. As of the start of 1873, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/California_Penal_Code" title="California Penal Code">California Penal Code</a> goes into effect.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>: <a href="/wiki/Modoc_War" title="Modoc War">Modoc War</a>: <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Stronghold" title="First Battle of the Stronghold">First Battle of the Stronghold</a> – Modoc Indians defeat the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – The Spanish <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes</a> deposes King <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">Amadeus I</a>, and proclaims the <a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Spanish Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Castelar" title="Emilio Castelar">Emilio Castelar</a>, the former foreign minister, becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1873" title="Coinage Act of 1873">Coinage Act of 1873</a> in the United States is signed into law by President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>; coming into effect on <a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a>, it ends <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallism</a> in the U.S., and places the country on the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> opens its first <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical school</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>.</li> <li>British naval officer John Moresby discovers the site of <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a> in Papua New Guinea, and claims the land for Britain.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">Censorship</a>: The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> enacts the <a href="/wiki/Comstock_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Comstock Law">Comstock Law</a>, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Kappa" title="Phi Sigma Kappa">Phi Sigma Kappa</a> student fraternity is founded at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Agricultural_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Agricultural College">Massachusetts Agricultural College</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – Emancipation Day for <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>: Most slaves are freed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – The <i><a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Tinto Company">Rio Tinto Company</a></i> is formed in Spain, following the <a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> purchase of the Rio Tinto Mine from the Spanish government by a British investment group.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – British ocean liner <a href="/wiki/SS_Atlantic_(1870)" title="SS Atlantic (1870)">RMS <i>Atlantic</i></a> sinks off <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, killing 547.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Kennel_Club" title="The Kennel Club">The Kennel Club</a>, the world's first <a href="/wiki/Kennel_club" title="Kennel club">kennel club</a>, is founded in the United Kingdom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Colfax_massacre" title="Colfax massacre">Colfax massacre</a>: More than 60 to 150 black men are murdered in <a href="/wiki/Colfax,_Louisiana" title="Colfax, Louisiana">Colfax, Louisiana</a>, while surrendering to a mob of former Confederate soldiers and members of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a>–<a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">17</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Stronghold" title="Second Battle of the Stronghold">Second Battle of the Stronghold</a> is fought.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Rhode_Island" title="Richmond, Rhode Island">Richmond, Rhode Island</a>, 11 people perish in a train derailment, due to a bridge washout in the village of Richmond Switch (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Wood_River_Junction,_Rhode_Island" title="Wood River Junction, Rhode Island">Wood River Junction</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> – Henry Rose exhibits <a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">barbed wire</a> at an <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> county fair, which is taken up by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Glidden" title="Joseph Glidden">Joseph Glidden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Haish" title="Jacob Haish">Jacob Haish</a>, who invent a machine to mass-produce it.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a> in Spain: Battle of Eraul – Carlists under General Dorregaray defeat Republicans at Eraul, near Estella.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> <ul><li><i>Der Gründerkrach</i>: The <a href="/wiki/Wiener_B%C3%B6rse" title="Wiener Börse">Wiener Börse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> stock exchange) crash in <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> ends the <i><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit</a></i>, and heralds the global <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1873" title="Panic of 1873">Panic of 1873</a> and <a href="/wiki/Long_Depression" title="Long Depression">Long Depression</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a>: The Battle of Montejurra is fought at Navarra, Spain.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss" title="Levi Strauss">Levi Strauss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Davis_(inventor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Davis (inventor)">Jacob Davis</a> receive United States <a href="/wiki/Patent#139121" title="Patent">patent#139121</a>, for using <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> <a href="/wiki/Rivets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivets">rivets</a> to strengthen the pockets of <a href="/wiki/Denim" title="Denim">denim</a> work pants. <a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co." title="Levi Strauss & Co.">Levi Strauss & Co.</a> begins manufacturing the famous Levi's brand of jeans, using fabric from the <a href="/wiki/Amoskeag_Manufacturing_Company" title="Amoskeag Manufacturing Company">Amoskeag Manufacturing Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester, New Hampshire</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Chipping_Norton" title="Chipping Norton">Chipping Norton</a>, England, rioters attempt to free the <a href="/wiki/Ascott_Martyrs" title="Ascott Martyrs">Ascott Martyrs</a> –16 women sentenced to imprisonment, for attempting to dissuade <a href="/wiki/Strikebreaker" title="Strikebreaker">strikebreakers</a> in an agricultural labor dispute.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> <ul><li>The Canadian Parliament establishes the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Mounted_Police" title="North-West Mounted Police">North-West Mounted Police</a> (which is renamed the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> in <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Preakness_Stakes" title="Preakness Stakes">Preakness Stakes</a> horse race is run for the first time in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – Classical archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Schliemann" title="Heinrich Schliemann">Heinrich Schliemann</a> discovers <a href="/wiki/Priam%27s_Treasure" title="Priam's Treasure">Priam's Treasure</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> <ul><li>C. Laan brings order to the chaos created by the dockworker riots of <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli, Lebanon</a>.</li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Khiva" title="Khiva">Khiva</a> in Turkestan falls to <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russian</a> forces, under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Kaufman" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantin von Kaufman">Konstantin von Kaufman</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Modoc_War" title="Modoc War">Modoc War</a> ends with the capture of <a href="/wiki/Kintpuash" title="Kintpuash">Kintpuash</a> (<i>Captain Jack</i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a> entertainment venue in London is destroyed by fire, only a fortnight after its opening.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a> – The end of the war between the United Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Ashanti_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti people">Ghana</a>'s King Kofi KariKari, who is involved in the trading of <a href="/wiki/Slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaves">slaves</a>, leads to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast Colony</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> joins the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – New Rush in <a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West" title="Griqualand West">Griqualand West</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, is renamed <a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts,_Brian_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts,_Brian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a>: Battle of Alpens – Campaigning in Catalonia, a government column under General <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cabrinetty" title="José Cabrinetty">José Cabrinetty</a> is ambushed at <a href="/wiki/Alpens" title="Alpens">Alpens</a>, 15 miles east of Berga, by Carlist forces under General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Savalls" title="Francisco Savalls">Francisco Savalls</a>. After heavy fighting, with Cabrinety killed, virtually the entire column of 800 men is killed or captured.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Southey_(colonial_administrator)" title="Richard Southey (colonial administrator)">Richard Southey</a> becomes the first Lieutenant-Governor of <a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West" title="Griqualand West">Griqualand West</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Griqua_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griqua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Adair,_Iowa" title="Adair, Iowa">Adair, Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James">Jesse James</a> and the <a href="/wiki/James%E2%80%93Younger_Gang" title="James–Younger Gang">James–Younger Gang</a> pull off the first successful <a href="/wiki/Train_robbery" title="Train robbery">train robbery</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Old_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American Old West">American Old West</a> (US$3,000 from the Rock Island Express).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Pine" title="Benjamin Pine">Sir Benjamin Pine</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal#Lieutenant-governors" title="Colony of Natal">Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>: While protecting a railroad survey party in <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/7th_Cavalry_Regiment" title="7th Cavalry Regiment">Seventh Cavalry</a>, under Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a>, clashes for the first time with the <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Tongue_River_(Montana)" title="Tongue River (Montana)">Tongue River</a> (only 1 man on each side is killed).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – A peace treaty is signed between <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a>, making the khanate a Russian protectorate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition">Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition</a> discovers <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Land" title="Franz Josef Land">Franz Josef Land</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/International_Meteorological_Organization" title="International Meteorological Organization">International Meteorological Organization</a> (IMO) is established.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – German troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity for the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, later <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>, opens its doors with 25 students, including 2 women.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – A New York stock market crash helps to trigger the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1873" title="Panic of 1873">Panic of 1873</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Depression" title="Long Depression">Long Depression</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – Classes begin at <a href="/wiki/Drury_University" title="Drury University">Drury University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri">Springfield, Missouri</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Long_Depression" title="Long Depression">Long Depression</a> begins in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Alexander Mackenzie</a> becomes the second <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a>: Battle of Montejurra – Determined to recapture the key city of <a href="/wiki/Estella-Lizarra" title="Estella-Lizarra">Estella</a> in Navarre, Spanish Republican General Domingo Moriones advances on the Carlists under General Joaquín Elío at nearby <a href="/wiki/Montejurra" title="Montejurra">Montejurra</a>. After very heavy fighting both sides claim victory, but Moriones withdraws, and Estella remains in Carlist hands. Don Carlos is present in the front line.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary's capital, is formed from <a href="/wiki/Pest_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pest (city)">Pest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%93buda" title="Óbuda">Óbuda</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Irish_Home_Rule_movement" title="Irish Home Rule movement">Irish Home Rule movement</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Home_Government_Association" title="Home Government Association">Home Government Association</a> reconstitutes itself as the <a href="/wiki/Home_Rule_League" title="Home Rule League">Home Rule League</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/SS_Ville_du_Havre" title="SS Ville du Havre">SS <i>Ville du Havre</i></a>, on passage from New York to France, collides with Scottish 3-masted iron clipper <i>Loch Earn</i> in mid-Atlantic and sinks in 12 minutes with the loss of 226 lives.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a> – Major <a href="/wiki/Walter_Clopton_Wingfield" title="Walter Clopton Wingfield">Walter Clopton Wingfield</a> designs and <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a> a <a href="/wiki/List_of_sports#Racket_sports" title="List of sports">racquet sport</a>, which he calls <i>sphairistike</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> σφάίρίστική, "skill at playing at ball"), soon known simply as <i><a href="/wiki/Stick%C3%A9" title="Stické">Stické</a></i> and an ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Lawn_tennis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawn tennis">lawn tennis</a>, for the amusement of his guests at a garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, in <a href="/wiki/Llanelidan" title="Llanelidan">Llanelidan</a>, Wales.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – Women of <a href="/wiki/Fredonia,_New_York" title="Fredonia, New York">Fredonia, New York</a>, march against the retail liquor dealers in town, to inaugurate the Woman's Crusade of 1873–74.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Heineken_Brewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Heineken Brewery">Heineken Brewery</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, the Netherlands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> (December 7 OS) – <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a>'s fantasia <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest_(Tchaikovsky)" title="The Tempest (Tchaikovsky)">The Tempest</a></i>, composed between August and October, is premiered, in Moscow.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – French official <a href="/wiki/Francis_Garnier" title="Francis Garnier">Francis Garnier</a> is attacked outside <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> by <a href="/wiki/Black_Flag_Army" title="Black Flag Army">Black Flag</a> mercenaries fighting for the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a>: Battle of Bocairente – Campaigning in Valenica, Spanish Republican General <a href="/wiki/Valeriano_Weyler" title="Valeriano Weyler">Valeriano Weyler</a> is attacked at Bocairente, northwest of Alcoy, by a greatly superior Carlist force under General José Santés. Weyler is initially driven back, losing some of his guns, but in a brilliant counter-attack he turns defeat into victory, and Santés is heavily repulsed and forced to withdraw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" title="Woman's Christian Temperance Union">Woman's Christian Temperance Union</a> is founded, in <a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Ohio" title="Hillsboro, Ohio">Hillsboro, Ohio</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a>: Siege of Bilbao (until <a href="/wiki/2_May" class="mw-redirect" title="2 May">2 May</a> <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>) – Campaigning in <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>, Pretender Don Carlos VII and General Joaquín Elío besiege <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>, held by General Ignacio del Castillo and 1,200 men. The Carlist force is ten times this number, and includes most of the troops from Navarre, <a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Vizcaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">Álava</a>, although a considerable force is left in Guipúzcoa. Despite defeat at nearby Somorrostro, Republican commander Marshal <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Francisco Serrano</a>, supported by Generals Manuel de la Concha and <a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez-Campos_y_Ant%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón">Arsenio Martínez-Campos</a>, brilliantly breaks the siege, and Concha then marches on Estella.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Three_Emperors" title="League of the Three Emperors">League of the Three Emperors</a> is created. It links the conservative monarchs of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in an alliance against radical movements.</li> <li>Founding in Canada of: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto Argonauts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">football</a>), the oldest professional sports team still playing in North America.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Montreal_Golf_Club" title="Royal Montreal Golf Club">Royal Montreal Club</a> in Montreal, the first permanent <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> club in North America.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liebig%27s_Extract_of_Meat_Company" title="Liebig's Extract of Meat Company">Liebig's Extract of Meat Company</a> begins producing tinned <a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">corned beef</a>, sold under the label <a href="/wiki/Fray_Bentos" title="Fray Bentos">Fray Bentos</a>, from the town in <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> where it is processed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coors_Brewing_Company" title="Coors Brewing Company">Coors Brewing Company</a> begins making <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Golden,_Colorado" title="Golden, Colorado">Golden, Colorado</a>.</li> <li>Konishiya Rokubei, predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Konica_Minolta" title="Konica Minolta">Konica Minolta</a> worldwide imaging brand, is founded in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> arms company Aktiebolaget (AB) Bofors-Gullspång, better known as <a href="/wiki/Bofors" title="Bofors">Bofors</a>, is founded.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Veracruz,_Veracruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Veracruz, Veracruz">Veracruz</a>–Mexico City railroad is completed.</li> <li>Nine <a href="/wiki/American_Pekin_duck" class="mw-redirect" title="American Pekin duck">Pekin ducks</a> are imported to <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> (the first in the United States).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Married_Woman%27s_Property_Rights_Association" title="Married Woman's Property Rights Association">Married Woman's Property Rights Association</a> is founded in Sweden.</li> <li>Demonstration of an electric <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> operated on <a href="/wiki/Miller%27s_line" title="Miller's line">Miller's line</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sestroretsk" title="Sestroretsk">Sestroretsk</a> near <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in the Russian Empire by inventor <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Pirotsky" title="Fyodor Pirotsky">Fyodor Pirotsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93March_2"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolph_Zukor_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Adolph_Zukor_001.jpg/110px-Adolph_Zukor_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Adolph_Zukor_001.jpg/165px-Adolph_Zukor_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Adolph_Zukor_001.jpg/220px-Adolph_Zukor_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1659" data-file-height="2460" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melitta_Bentz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Melitta_Bentz.jpg/110px-Melitta_Bentz.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Melitta_Bentz.jpg/165px-Melitta_Bentz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Melitta_Bentz.jpg/220px-Melitta_Bentz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1539" data-file-height="2210" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Melitta_Bentz" title="Melitta Bentz">Melitta Bentz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enrico_Caruso_XV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Enrico_Caruso_XV.png/110px-Enrico_Caruso_XV.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Enrico_Caruso_XV.png/165px-Enrico_Caruso_XV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Enrico_Caruso_XV.png/220px-Enrico_Caruso_XV.png 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergei_Rachmaninoff_cph.3a40575.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sergei_Rachmaninoff_cph.3a40575.jpg/110px-Sergei_Rachmaninoff_cph.3a40575.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sergei_Rachmaninoff_cph.3a40575.jpg/165px-Sergei_Rachmaninoff_cph.3a40575.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sergei_Rachmaninoff_cph.3a40575.jpg/220px-Sergei_Rachmaninoff_cph.3a40575.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="1492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninoff</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HansBerger_Univ_Jena.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/HansBerger_Univ_Jena.jpeg/110px-HansBerger_Univ_Jena.jpeg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/HansBerger_Univ_Jena.jpeg/165px-HansBerger_Univ_Jena.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/HansBerger_Univ_Jena.jpeg/220px-HansBerger_Univ_Jena.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hans_Berger" title="Hans Berger">Hans Berger</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Loewi_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Otto_Loewi_nobel.jpg/110px-Otto_Loewi_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Otto_Loewi_nobel.jpg/165px-Otto_Loewi_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Otto_Loewi_nobel.jpg/220px-Otto_Loewi_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexis_Carrel_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alexis_Carrel_02.jpg/110px-Alexis_Carrel_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alexis_Carrel_02.jpg/165px-Alexis_Carrel_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alexis_Carrel_02.jpg/220px-Alexis_Carrel_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a>, Catholic saint, mystic (d. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blanche_Walsh" title="Blanche Walsh">Blanche Walsh</a>, American stage, screen actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a>, Austrian-born film studio pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Iuliu Maniu</a>, Romanian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Curtis_(athlete)" title="Thomas Curtis (athlete)">Thomas Curtis</a>, American athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayim_Nahman_Bialik" title="Hayim Nahman Bialik">Hayim Nahman Bialik</a>, Israel's national poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Orton" title="George Orton">George Orton</a>, Canadian athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Louis" title="Spyridon Louis">Spyridon Louis</a>, Greek runner (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a>, Danish writer, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Colette" title="Colette">Colette</a>, French writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" title="Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi</a>, Italian mountaineer, explorer and admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vassily_Balabanov" title="Vassily Balabanov">Vassily Balabanov</a>, administrator, Provincial Governor of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Melitta_Bentz" title="Melitta Bentz">Melitta Bentz</a>, German entrepreneur who invented the coffee filter in <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Tourneur" title="Maurice Tourneur">Maurice Tourneur</a>, French film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trenchard,_1st_Viscount_Trenchard" title="Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard">Hugh Trenchard</a>, British military aviation pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Jatho" title="Karl Jatho">Karl Jatho</a>, German aviation pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Desmarteau" title="Étienne Desmarteau">Étienne Desmarteau</a>, Canadian athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrews_(shipbuilder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Andrews (shipbuilder)">Thomas Andrews</a>, Irish shipbuilder (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feodor_Chaliapin" title="Feodor Chaliapin">Feodor Chaliapin</a>, Russian bass opera singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Wing_(actress)" title="Red Wing (actress)">Red Wing</a>, Native American silent film actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a>, German-born chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Feuillade" title="Louis Feuillade">Louis Feuillade</a>, French film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a>, Italian tenor (d. <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_McMaster_Murdoch" title="William McMaster Murdoch">William McMaster Murdoch</a>, Officer of Titanic (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Green_(labor_leader)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Green (labor leader)">William Green</a>, American labor leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Horsley" title="David Horsley">David Horsley</a>, English-born film executive (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Max_Reger" title="Max Reger">Max Reger</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Quirk" title="Billy Quirk">Billy Quirk</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June_2"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_2"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">N.S.</a>)/<a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> (<a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">O.S.</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninoff</a>, Russian pianist and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Peidl" title="Gyula Peidl">Gyula Peidl</a>, 23rd prime minister of Hungary (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_McGraw" title="John McGraw">John McGraw</a>, American baseball player, manager (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ky%C3%B6sti_Kallio" title="Kyösti Kallio">Kyösti Kallio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a>, American politician, diplomat, and lawyer (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Barnes" title="Sydney Barnes">Sydney Barnes</a>, English cricketer (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gombojab_Tsybikov" title="Gombojab Tsybikov">Gombojab Tsybikov</a>, Russian explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Glasgow" title="Ellen Glasgow">Ellen Glasgow</a>, American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodor_K%C3%B6rner_(Austrian_president)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor Körner (Austrian president)">Theodor Körner</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Austria" title="President of Austria">President of Austria</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_la_Mare" title="Walter de la Mare">Walter de la Mare</a>, English poet, short story writer and novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_d%27Herelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Félix d'Herelle">Félix d'Herelle</a>, French-Canadian microbiologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joe_De_Grasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe De Grasse">Joe De Grasse</a>, Canadian film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leon_Czolgosz" title="Leon Czolgosz">Leon Czolgosz</a>, assassin of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anton_Cermak" title="Anton Cermak">Anton Cermak</a>, Mayor of Chicago (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cary_D._Landis" title="Cary D. Landis">Cary D. Landis</a>, American attorney and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oskari_Tokoi" title="Oskari Tokoi">Oskari Tokoi</a>, Finnish socialist and the Chairman of the Senate of Finland (d. <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Barbusse" title="Henri Barbusse">Henri Barbusse</a>, French novelist, journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Richardson" title="Dorothy Richardson">Dorothy Richardson</a>, English feminist writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Berger" title="Hans Berger">Hans Berger</a>, German neurologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/D._D._Sheehan" title="D. D. Sheehan">D. D. Sheehan</a>, Irish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Eliza_Williams" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Eliza Williams">Anna Eliza Williams</a>, British supercentenarian and oldest person in the world (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a>, German-born pharmacologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonora_Cohen" title="Leonora Cohen">Leonora Cohen</a>, British suffragette and trade unionist (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a>, French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Dunaway_Anderson" title="Monroe Dunaway Anderson">Monroe Dunaway Anderson</a>, Founder of Anderson, Clayton and Company; "Father of Texas Medical Center" (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93September_2"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HIH_Yamashina_Kikumaro_on_Yagumo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/HIH_Yamashina_Kikumaro_on_Yagumo.jpg/110px-HIH_Yamashina_Kikumaro_on_Yagumo.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/HIH_Yamashina_Kikumaro_on_Yagumo.jpg/165px-HIH_Yamashina_Kikumaro_on_Yagumo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/HIH_Yamashina_Kikumaro_on_Yagumo.jpg/220px-HIH_Yamashina_Kikumaro_on_Yagumo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_Yamashina_Kikumaro" title="Prince Yamashina Kikumaro">Prince Yamashina Kikumaro</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schwarzschild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Schwarzschild.jpg/110px-Schwarzschild.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Schwarzschild.jpg/165px-Schwarzschild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Schwarzschild.jpg/220px-Schwarzschild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Karl Schwarzschild</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramoncastillo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ramoncastillo.jpg/110px-Ramoncastillo.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ramoncastillo.jpg/165px-Ramoncastillo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ramoncastillo.jpg/220px-Ramoncastillo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Castillo" title="Ramón Castillo">Ramón Castillo</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Guy-Blach%C3%A9" title="Alice Guy-Blaché">Alice Guy-Blaché</a>, French-American filmmaker (d. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrass_Samuelsen" title="Andrass Samuelsen">Andrass Samuelsen</a>, 1st prime minister of Faroe Islands (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Yamashina_Kikumaro" title="Prince Yamashina Kikumaro">Prince Yamashina Kikumaro</a>, Japanese prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Maximos" title="Dimitrios Maximos">Dimitrios Maximos</a>, Prime Minister of Greece (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Vaugoin" title="Carl Vaugoin">Carl Vaugoin</a>, 7th Chancellor of Austria (d. <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oscar_von_Sydow" title="Oscar von Sydow">Oscar von Sydow</a>, 18th prime minister of Sweden (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Many_Benner" title="Many Benner">Many Benner</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Santos-Dumont" title="Alberto Santos-Dumont">Alberto Santos-Dumont</a>, Brazilian aviation pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1maso_Berenguer" title="Dámaso Berenguer">Dámaso Berenguer</a>, Spanish general and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Russell_Knowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Russell Knowland">Joseph Russell Knowland</a>, American politician, newspaperman (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Ernest_Hocking" title="William Ernest Hocking">William Ernest Hocking</a>, American philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Jacobus_Langenhoven" title="Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven">Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven</a>, South African author (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_A._Sampson" title="John A. Sampson">John A. Sampson</a>, American gynecologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Harbach" title="Otto Harbach">Otto Harbach</a>, American lyricist (d. <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bell" title="William Henry Bell">William Henry Bell</a>, 1st director of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_College_of_Music" title="South African College of Music">South African College of Music</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Morey" title="Harry T. Morey">Harry T. Morey</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a>, American inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Guy_Standing_(actor)" title="Guy Standing (actor)">Guy Standing</a>, British actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Ferreira_Sardo" title="João Ferreira Sardo">João Ferreira Sardo</a>, Portuguese presbyter and founder of <a href="/wiki/Gafanha_da_Nazar%C3%A9" title="Gafanha da Nazaré">Gafanha da Nazaré</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felicija_Bortkevi%C4%8Dien%C4%97" title="Felicija Bortkevičienė">Felicija Bortkevičienė</a>, Lithuanian politician and publisher (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt_III" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt III">Cornelius Vanderbilt III</a>, American military officer, inventor, engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Alfred Jarry</a>, French author and playwright (d. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_O._McKay" title="David O. McKay">David O. McKay</a>, 9th president of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim of Johor">Ibrahim of Johor</a>, Malaysian sultan (d. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Olcott" title="Sidney Olcott">Sidney Olcott</a>, Canadian-born pioneer film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Szisz" title="Ferenc Szisz">Ferenc Szisz</a>, Hungarian-born racing driver (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Papa_Jack_Laine" title="Papa Jack Laine">Papa Jack Laine</a>, American jazz musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_2"><span id="October.E2.80.93December_2"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ma_Barker" title="Ma Barker">Ma Barker</a>, American criminal (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Karl Schwarzschild</a>, German physicist, astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kafantaris" title="Georgios Kafantaris">Georgios Kafantaris</a>, Prime Minister of Greece (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ray_Ewry" title="Ray Ewry">Ray Ewry</a>, American athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Ivanoe Bonomi</a>, 2-time prime minister of Italy (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Eden" title="Jaap Eden">Jaap Eden</a>, Dutch skater, cyclist (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_King" title="Bart King">Bart King</a>, American cricketer (d. <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jussi_Merinen" title="Jussi Merinen">Jussi Merinen</a>, Finnish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Stauning" title="Thorvald Stauning">Thorvald Stauning</a>, 9th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime Minister of Denmark</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a>, Bengali statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Gallaher" title="Dave Gallaher">Dave Gallaher</a>, New Zealand rugby union football player (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero" title="Francisco I. Madero">Francisco I. Madero</a>, 33rd president of Mexico (d. <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Thyssen" title="Fritz Thyssen">Fritz Thyssen</a>, German industrialist (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/W._C._Handy" title="W. C. Handy">W. C. Handy</a>, American blues composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Castillo" title="Ramón Castillo">Ramón Castillo</a>, Argentinian politician, 25th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Tyldesley" title="Johnny Tyldesley">Johnny Tyldesley</a>, English cricketer (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Phillips_(oil_industrialist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Phillips (oil industrialist)">Frank Phillips</a>, American oil executive (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a>, American novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Josip_Plemelj" title="Josip Plemelj">Josip Plemelj</a>, Slovenian mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford Madox Ford</a>, English writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kan%27ichi_Asakawa" title="Kan'ichi Asakawa">Kan'ichi Asakawa</a>, Japanese historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wass" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Wass">Thomas Wass</a>, Nottinghamshire cricketer (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a>, American politician, Democratic presidential candidate (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nesaruddin_Ahmad" title="Nesaruddin Ahmad">Nesaruddin Ahmad</a>, Bengali Islamic scholar (d. 1952)<sup id="cite_ref-siraj_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siraj-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filip_Mi%C8%99ea" title="Filip Mișea">Filip Mișea</a>, Aromanian activist, physician and politician (d. 1944)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandre_Cabanel_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alexandre_Cabanel_002.jpg/110px-Alexandre_Cabanel_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alexandre_Cabanel_002.jpg/165px-Alexandre_Cabanel_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alexandre_Cabanel_002.jpg/220px-Alexandre_Cabanel_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1811" data-file-height="2530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg/110px-Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg/165px-Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg/220px-Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="1401" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Livingstone_by_Thomas_Annan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/David_Livingstone_by_Thomas_Annan.jpg/110px-David_Livingstone_by_Thomas_Annan.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/David_Livingstone_by_Thomas_Annan.jpg/165px-David_Livingstone_by_Thomas_Annan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/David_Livingstone_by_Thomas_Annan.jpg/220px-David_Livingstone_by_Thomas_Annan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2347" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Livingstone" title="David Livingstone">David Livingstone</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, last <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">Emperor of the French</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Baron_Lytton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton">Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton</a>, English novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1803" title="1803">1803</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Basil_Moreau" title="Basil Moreau">Basil Moreau</a>, French founder of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Congregation of Holy Cross</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ramalinga_Swamigal" title="Ramalinga Swamigal">Ramalinga Swamigal</a>, Hindu religious leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_of_Leuchtenberg" title="Amélie of Leuchtenberg">Empress Amélie</a>, consort of <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I of Brazil</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1812" title="1812">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Baker_Brown" title="Isaac Baker Brown">Isaac Baker Brown</a>, English gynaecologist, surgeon (b. <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Le_Fanu" title="Sheridan Le Fanu">Sheridan Le Fanu</a>, Irish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vasil_Levski" title="Vasil Levski">Vasil Levski</a>, Bulgarian revolutionary (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jakob_von_Hartmann" title="Jakob von Hartmann">Jakob von Hartmann</a>, Bavarian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Torrey" title="John Torrey">John Torrey</a>, American botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Cotton" title="Mary Ann Cotton">Mary Ann Cotton</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a> (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marstrand" title="Wilhelm Marstrand">Wilhelm Marstrand</a>, Danish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – Prince <a href="/wiki/Unakan_Ananta_Norajaya" title="Unakan Ananta Norajaya">Unakan Ananta Norajaya</a> Prince of Siam (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Magdalena_Mathsdotter" title="Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter">Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter</a>, Swedish <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_people" title="Sámi people">Sámi</a> educator (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Maxwell" title="Hugh Maxwell">Hugh Maxwell</a>, American lawyer, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Canby" title="Edward Canby">Edward Canby</a>, American general (b. <a href="/wiki/1817" title="1817">1817</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hansteen" title="Christopher Hansteen">Christopher Hansteen</a>, Norwegian geophysicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a>, German chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1803" title="1803">1803</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Macready" class="mw-redirect" title="William Charles Macready">William Charles Macready</a>, English actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hortense_Globensky-Pr%C3%A9vost" title="Hortense Globensky-Prévost">Hortense Globensky-Prévost</a>, Canadian heroine (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Livingstone" title="David Livingstone">David Livingstone</a>, Scottish explorer of Africa (b. <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Carri%C3%B3n" title="Jerónimo Carrión">Jerónimo Carrión</a>, 8th president of Ecuador (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez">José Antonio Páez</a>, first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">president of Venezuela</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>, British philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lucy" title="Charles Lucy">Charles Lucy</a>, English painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a>, first ruler of Romania (b. <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/George-%C3%89tienne_Cartier" title="George-Étienne Cartier">George-Étienne Cartier</a>, Canadian statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni</a>, Italian poet and novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_de_Verneuil" title="Édouard de Verneuil">Édouard de Verneuil</a>, French palaeontologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karamat_Ali_Jaunpuri" title="Karamat Ali Jaunpuri">Karamat Ali Jaunpuri</a>, Indian Muslim scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-bp_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bp-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Howe" title="Joseph Howe">Joseph Howe</a>, Canadian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/120px-Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/250px-Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="893" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg">Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles II, Duke of Brunswick">Charles II, Duke of Brunswick</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg">Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg</a>, Finnish priest and father of <a href="/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg">K. J. Ståhlberg</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Fernando_Mu%C3%B1oz,_Duke_of_Ri%C3%A1nsares" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares">Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares</a>, morganatic husband of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies">Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berry" title="Alexander Berry">Alexander Berry</a>, Scottish adventurer, Australian pioneer (b. <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Frey-Heros%C3%A9" title="Friedrich Frey-Herosé">Friedrich Frey-Herosé</a>, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chacornac" title="Jean Chacornac">Jean Chacornac</a>, French astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Gaboriau" title="Émile Gaboriau">Émile Gaboriau</a>, French writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Todd_(1803%E2%80%931873)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Todd (1803–1873)">William Todd</a>, American businessman, Canadian Senate nominee (b. <a href="/wiki/1803" title="1803">1803</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Ormerod" title="George Ormerod">George Ormerod</a>, English historian, antiquarian (b. <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_McClure" title="Robert McClure">Robert McClure</a>, British Arctic explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a>, Swiss-born geologist, naturalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Keith_(Canadian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Keith (Canadian politician)">Alexander Keith</a>, Scottish-born brewer, mayor of Halifax, Nova Scotia (b. <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Roberts,_Brian-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts,_Brian_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, Brian. 1976. <i>Kimberley, turbulent city</i>. Cape Town: David Philip, p 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griqua-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Griqua_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/griqualandwest/griqualandwestadmin.htm">The British Empire: Griqualand West Administrators</a> (Accessed on 16 April 2017)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapstor.com/news/this-day-in-history/30-08-2013-30thaugust-1873-the-arctic-archipelago-of-franz-josef-land-was-discovered.html">This Day in History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222607/http://mapstor.com/news/this-day-in-history/30-08-2013-30thaugust-1873-the-arctic-archipelago-of-franz-josef-land-was-discovered.html">Archived</a> December 2, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed 22 November 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.konicaminolta.com/global-en/corporate/history.html">"History"</a>. Konica Minolta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Konica+Minolta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.konicaminolta.com%2Fglobal-en%2Fcorporate%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPyrgidis2016" class="citation book cs1">Pyrgidis, C. N. (2016). <i>Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation</i>. CRC Press. p. 156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railway+Transportation+Systems%3A+Design%2C+Construction+and+Operation&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Pyrgidis&rft.aufirst=C.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRossel1984" class="citation book cs1">Rossel, Sven (1984). <i>Johannes V. Jensen</i>. Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805765656" title="Special:BookSources/9780805765656"><bdi>9780805765656</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johannes+V.+Jensen&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780805765656&rft.aulast=Rossel&rft.aufirst=Sven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCummins2005" class="citation book cs1">Cummins, Laurel (2005). <i>Colette and the conquest of self</i>. Birmingham, Ala: Summa. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781883479466" title="Special:BookSources/9781883479466"><bdi>9781883479466</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colette+and+the+conquest+of+self&rft.place=Birmingham%2C+Ala&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Summa&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781883479466&rft.aulast=Cummins&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Andrews-Irish-ship-designer">"Thomas Andrews | Irish ship designer | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Thomas+Andrews+%7C+Irish+ship+designer+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FThomas-Andrews-Irish-ship-designer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJaffé2012" class="citation book cs1">Jaffé, Daniel (2012). <i>Historical dictionary of Russian music</i>. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810879805" title="Special:BookSources/9780810879805"><bdi>9780810879805</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Russian+music&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780810879805&rft.aulast=Jaff%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCaruso1997" class="citation book cs1">Caruso, Enrico (1997). <i>Enrico Caruso : my father and my family</i>. Portland, Ore: Amadeus Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781574670226" title="Special:BookSources/9781574670226"><bdi>9781574670226</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enrico+Caruso+%3A+my+father+and+my+family&rft.place=Portland%2C+Ore&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Amadeus+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781574670226&rft.aulast=Caruso&rft.aufirst=Enrico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2000" class="citation book cs1">Steinberg, Michael (2000). <i>The concerto : a listener's guide</i>. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 380. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195103304" title="Special:BookSources/9780195103304"><bdi>9780195103304</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+concerto+%3A+a+listener%27s+guide&rft.place=Oxford+New+York&rft.pages=380&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780195103304&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg1995" class="citation book cs1">Steinberg, Michael (1995). <i>The symphony : a listener's guide</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 443. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195126655" title="Special:BookSources/9780195126655"><bdi>9780195126655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+symphony+%3A+a+listener%27s+guide&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=443&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780195126655&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParini2004" class="citation book cs1">Parini, Jay (2004). <i>The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195156539" title="Special:BookSources/9780195156539"><bdi>9780195156539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+encyclopedia+of+American+literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780195156539&rft.aulast=Parini&rft.aufirst=Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kansallisbiografia.fi/kansallisbiografia/henkilo/241">"Etusivu"</a>. <i>kansallisbiografia.fi</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kansallisbiografia.fi&rft.atitle=Etusivu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkansallisbiografia.fi%2Fkansallisbiografia%2Fhenkilo%2F241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWharton2000" class="citation book cs1">Wharton, Edith (2000). <i>Yrs. ever affly : the correspondence of Edith Wharton and Louis Bromfield</i>. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870135163" title="Special:BookSources/9780870135163"><bdi>9780870135163</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yrs.+ever+affly+%3A+the+correspondence+of+Edith+Wharton+and+Louis+Bromfield&rft.place=East+Lansing&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780870135163&rft.aulast=Wharton&rft.aufirst=Edith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBloom2013" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Ken (2013). <i>Routledge Guide to Broadway</i>. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135871178" title="Special:BookSources/9781135871178"><bdi>9781135871178</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Guide+to+Broadway&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781135871178&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBen_Fisher2000" class="citation book cs1">Ben Fisher (2000). <i>The Pataphysician's Library: An Exploration of Alfred Jarry's 'Livres Pairs'<span></span></i>. Liverpool University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781388013" title="Special:BookSources/9781781388013"><bdi>9781781388013</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pataphysician%27s+Library%3A+An+Exploration+of+Alfred+Jarry%27s+%27Livres+Pairs%27&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781781388013&rft.au=Ben+Fisher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sotasurmat.narc.fi/en/victims/page/p_15762/table">"Person: Merinen, Juho Rikard"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/War_Victims_of_Finland_1914%E2%80%931922" title="War Victims of Finland 1914–1922">War Victims of Finland 1914–1922</a></i>. Helsinki, Finland: <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Finland" title="National Archives of Finland">National Archives of Finland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=War+Victims+of+Finland+1914%E2%80%931922&rft.atitle=Person%3A+Merinen%2C+Juho+Rikard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsotasurmat.narc.fi%2Fen%2Fvictims%2Fpage%2Fp_15762%2Ftable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHardy1995" class="citation book cs1">Hardy, Phil (1995). <i>The Da Capo companion to 20th-century popular music</i>. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780306806407" title="Special:BookSources/9780306806407"><bdi>9780306806407</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Da+Capo+companion+to+20th-century+popular+music&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780306806407&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParini2004" class="citation book cs1">Parini, Jay (2004). <i>The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195156539" title="Special:BookSources/9780195156539"><bdi>9780195156539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+encyclopedia+of+American+literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780195156539&rft.aulast=Parini&rft.aufirst=Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1990" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, Lesley (1990). <i>Twentieth-Century romance and historical writers</i>. Chicago: St. James Press. p. 243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780912289977" title="Special:BookSources/9780912289977"><bdi>9780912289977</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth-Century+romance+and+historical+writers&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=St.+James+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780912289977&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siraj-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-siraj_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAhmed,_Siraj_Uddin2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Siraj_Uddin_Ahmed" title="Siraj Uddin Ahmed">Ahmed, Siraj Uddin</a> (2010). "নেছারউদ্দীন আহমদ (রহ.), শাহ সূফী, (শর্শিনার পির সাহেব)". <i>বরিশাল বিভাগের ইতিহাস</i> [<i>History of Barisal Division</i>] (in Bengali). Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>: Bhaskar Prakashani.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8+%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6+%28%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9.%29%2C+%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9+%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%80%2C+%28%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%29&rft.btitle=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8&rft.place=Dhaka&rft.pub=Bhaskar+Prakashani&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Siraj+Uddin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTudor2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tudor, Anghel C. (April 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opiniabuzau.ro/celebritati-medicale-buzoiene/">"Celebrități medicale buzoiene / Doctor Mișea Filip, creatorul secției de contagioase a Spitalului Gârlași"</a>. <i>Opinia Buzău</i> (in Romanian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Buz%C4%83u&rft.atitle=Celebrit%C4%83%C8%9Bi+medicale+buzoiene+%2F+Doctor+Mi%C8%99ea+Filip%2C+creatorul+sec%C8%9Biei+de+contagioase+a+Spitalului+G%C3%A2rla%C8%99i&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft.aulast=Tudor&rft.aufirst=Anghel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopiniabuzau.ro%2Fcelebritati-medicale-buzoiene%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMelada1987" class="citation book cs1">Melada, Ivan (1987). <i>Sheridan Le Fanu</i>. Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805769371" title="Special:BookSources/9780805769371"><bdi>9780805769371</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheridan+Le+Fanu&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780805769371&rft.aulast=Melada&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The American Cyclopædia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge</i>. D. Appleton. 1881. p. 203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia%3A+A+Popular+Dictionary+of+General+Knowledge&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruce_Mazlish1988" class="citation book cs1">Bruce Mazlish (1988). <i>James and John Stuart Mill: Father and Son in the Nineteenth Century</i>. Transaction Books. p. 111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+and+John+Stuart+Mill%3A+Father+and+Son+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Transaction+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Bruce+Mazlish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Robertson, David (September 23, 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-17147">"Lucy, Charles"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F17147">10.1093/ref:odnb/17147</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lucy%2C+Charles&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F17147&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-17147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManzoni2004" class="citation book cs1">Manzoni, Alessandro (2004). <i>Alessandro Manzoni's The Count of Carmagnola and Adelchis</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801878817" title="Special:BookSources/9780801878817"><bdi>9780801878817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alessandro+Manzoni%27s+The+Count+of+Carmagnola+and+Adelchis&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780801878817&rft.aulast=Manzoni&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bp-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bp_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSirajul_IslamMiahKhanamAhmed2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Jaunpuri,_Karamat_Ali">"Jaunpuri, Karamat Ali"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jaunpuri%2C+Karamat+Ali&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DJaunpuri%2C_Karamat_Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjastovirma.fi/henkilogalleria/St%C3%A5hlberg_Johan_Gabriel">Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg – KirjastoVirma</a> (in Finnish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMagill1997" class="citation book cs1">Magill, Frank (1997). <i>Cyclopedia of world authors</i>. Pasadena, Calif: Salem Press. p. 738. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780893564360" title="Special:BookSources/9780893564360"><bdi>9780893564360</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyclopedia+of+world+authors&rft.place=Pasadena%2C+Calif&rft.pages=738&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780893564360&rft.aulast=Magill&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1873" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1873&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/appletonsannual32unkngoog"><i>1873 Annual Cyclopedia</i> (1874)</a> highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1873; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 831pp</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1873&oldid=1278743398">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1873&oldid=1278743398</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1873" title="Category:1873">1873</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Bengali-language_sources_(bn)" title="Category:CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)">CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Romanian-language_sources_(ro)" title="Category:CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)">CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2011">Use mdy dates from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 March 2025, at 09:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1873&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">1873</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>177 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-554c98fbf9-9gb65","wgBackendResponseTime":194,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.764","walltime":"1.014","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6764,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":81680,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3348,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":38,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":113360,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 803.215 1 -total"," 30.16% 242.231 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.53% 188.981 1 Template:Year_nav"," 18.70% 150.235 1 Template:C19_year_in_topic"," 17.89% 143.691 2 Template:Sidebar"," 16.90% 135.731 1 Template:Year_article_header"," 14.58% 117.096 1 Template:Year_article_header/zc"," 12.60% 101.202 1 Template:Lang"," 11.19% 89.851 4 Template:Cite_web"," 10.85% 87.122 20 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.430","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18100045,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5b7ccf7b7c-fv654","timestamp":"20250317173707","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1873","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1873","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7757","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7757","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-15T15:32:46Z","dateModified":"2025-03-04T09:16:42Z","headline":"year"}</script> </body> </html>