CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>Preclinical Toxicology Studies | Comparative Biosciences, inc</title> <meta name="Description" content="Comparative Biosciences, inc."> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.compbio.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.compbio.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.compbio.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.compbio.com/images/favicons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://www.compbio.com/images/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color=""> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#"> <meta name="theme-color" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.compbio.com/css/style.css?v=1720118533"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.compbio.com/css/interior.css?v=1658942705"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <script>var $site = "https://www.compbio.com", $page = "toxicology", $template = "interior-sidebar", $mods = "https://www.genesisglobalgrp.com/mods/";</script> <script type="module">var body=document.querySelector("body");function show(b,c,a){document.querySelector(b).classList.toggle(c),null!==a&&a()}function lazyLoadImages(){for(var b=document.querySelectorAll(".preload"),c=new IntersectionObserver(function(d){for(var b=0;b<d.length;b++)if(!0===d[b].isIntersecting){var a=d[b].target,e=a.getAttribute("data-src"),f=a.getAttribute("data-srcset");null!==e&&(a.src=e),null!==f&&(a.srcset=f),a.classList.add("loaded"),c.unobserve(a)}}),a=0;a<b.length;a++)c.observe(b[a])}window.addEventListener("load",function(){body.classList.add("loaded"),window.show=show}),document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",lazyLoadImages,!1);var inView=new IntersectionObserver(function(a){for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)!0===a[i].isIntersecting&&a[i].target.parentNode.classList.add("in-view")},{threshold:[1]});setTimeout(function(){Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll(".viewBox"),function(a,b){inView.observe(a)})},500)</script> <script src="https://www.compbio.com/js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js?v=1712159756" ></script> <script src="https://www.compbio.com/js/scripts.bundle.min.js?v=1712159769" defer></script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NNJL9C4');</script>  </head> <body class="page-toxicology temp-interior-sidebar spring" style="--mainColor: #; --subColor: #;">  <noscript><iframe src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NNJL9C4' height='0' width='0' style='display:none;visibility:hidden'></iframe></noscript>  <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header row"> <div class="row"> <div class="site-branding small-6 medium-3 columns"> <a href="https://www.compbio.com/" rel="home"> <img src="https://www.genesisglobalgrp.com/mods/images/logo_cbi_tag.png" alt="Comparative Biosciences, Inc." /> </a> <div id="gbg_logos"> <a href="http://www.genesisbiotechgroup.com"> <img src="https://www.genesisglobalgrp.com/mods/images/logo_ggg_member.png" alt="A Member of the Genesis Global Group"> </a> </div> </div> <a class="gd3-logo" href="http://gd3services.com"> <img src="https://www.genesisglobalgrp.com/mods/images/logo_gd3.png" alt="GD3 Services"> </a> <div class="small-6 medium-9 columns head-right"> <div class="scorr-mobile-menu-btn"> Menu <span class="search-icon"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></span> </div> <nav id="top-navigation" class="navigation-section top-navigation"> <div class="menu-top-container"> <ul id="top-menu" class="menu"> <li id="menu-item-21" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item current_page_item menu-item-home menu-item-21"><a href="https://www.compbio.com" aria-current="page">home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5313" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5313"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://us232.dayforcehcm.com/CandidatePortal/en-US/ggg/SITE/CBICareerSite">careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2147" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2147"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/site-index/">site index</a></li> <li id="menu-item-710" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-710"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/privacy-policy/">privacy policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-711" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-711"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/legal-notice/">legal notice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2993" class="search-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2993"><a href="#">Search <i></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="site-navigation" class="navigation-section main-navigation"> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false">Primary Menu</button> <div class="menu-main-container"> <ul> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-2345"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/about-cbi/">About CBI</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-1948 current_page_item menu-item-1973"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/about-cbi/core-management-team/" aria-current="page">Core Management Team</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1972"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/about-cbi/scientific-advisors/">Scientific Advisers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2163"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/about-cbi/collaborations/">Collaborations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1971"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/about-cbi/why-cbitestimonials/">Why CBI</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1970"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/about-cbi/careers/">Careers</a></li> </ul> </li><li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/">Therapeutic Areas</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/">Therapeutic Areas Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/rolly/">Surgical Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/hypertrophic-scar-formation-in-rabbits/">Hypertrophic Scar Formation in Rabbits</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/dermatology/">Dermatology</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/dermatology/dermal-efficacy-models/">Dermal Efficacy & Models</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/dermatology/wound-healing-models/">Wound Healing Models</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/dermatology/dermal-burn-modeling/">Dermal Burn Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/inflammation/dermatologic-inflammation/">Dermatologic Inflammation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/dermatology/delayed-type-hypersensitivity-dth-studies/">Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Studies</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/dermatology/dermal-pharmacokinetics/">Pharmacokinetics</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/toxicology/dermal-toxicology/dermal-toxicology/">Dermal Toxicology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/imiquimod-psoriasis/">Dermal Immune Mediated Disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/murine-atopic-dermatitis-model/">Murine Atopic Dermatitis Model</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/ophthalmology/">Ophthalmology</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/ocular-efficacy-model/">Ocular Models of Pharmacology and Efficacy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/ophthalmology/neovascular-vascular-models/">Preclinical Ocular Efficacy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/ophthalmology/ocular-pharmacokinetics/">Pharmacokinetics</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/ophthalmology/toxicology/">Ocular Toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/ophthalmology/optical-coherence-tomography/">Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT Video)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/cardiovascular/cardiovascular-efficacy-models/">Cardiovascular</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/cardiovascular/cardiovascular-efficacy-models/">Cardiovascular Efficacy and Models</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/cardiovascular/therapeutic-hyperoxia-injury-models/">Hyperoxia Injury Models</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/cardiovascular/atherosclerosis/">Atherosclerosis</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/carotid-artery-repair/">Carotid Artery Repair</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/oncology/">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/inflammation/">Inflammation</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/1-dermal-immune-mediated-disease/">Dermal Immune Mediated Disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/inflammation/immune-mediated/">Immune-Mediated Studies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/cardiovascular/therapeutic-hyperoxia-injury-models/">Hyperoxia Injury Models</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/inflammation/diabetic-models/">Diabetic and Metabolic Models</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/inflammation/dermatologic-inflammation/">Dermatologic Inflammation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/inflammation/arthritis/">Arthritis</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/fibrotic-disease/">Fibrotic Disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/anti-infective/">Anti-infective Models</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/otic-study/">Ototoxicity and Auditory Studies</a></li> </ul> </li><li> <a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/toxicology/">Services</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/toxicology/">Toxicology in Preclinical Studies</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/toxicology-in-rodents/">TOXICOLOGY In Rodents</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/oncolytic-viral-vaccine/">Oncolytic Viral Vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/toxicology/dermal-toxicology/dermal-toxicology/">Dermal Toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/ophthalmology/toxicology/">Ocular Toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/toxicology/regulatory-toxicology/">Regulatory Toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/toxicology/discovery-toxicology/">Discovery Toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/toxicology/investigative-custom-toxicology/">Investigative Toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/toxicology/stem-cell-toxicology/">Stem Cell Toxicology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/test-burn/">Dermal Burn Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/pharmacokinetics/">Pharmacokinetics</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/pharmacokinetics/preclinical-pharmacokinetics/">Preclinical Pharmacokinetics</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/pharmacokinetics/">Dermal Pharmacokinetics</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/ophthalmology/ocular-pharmacokinetics/">Ocular Pharmacokinetics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/histopathology/">Histopathology</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/histopathology/regulatory-pathology-studies/">Research and Regulatory Pathology Studies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/histopathology/immunohistochemistry/">Immunohistochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/histopathology/histopathology-special-stains/">Histopathology and Special Stains</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/histopathology/in-situ-hybridization/"><em>In Situ</em> Hybridization</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/histopathology/tissue-cross-reactivity-studies/">Tissue Cross-Reactivity Studies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/histopathology/histomorphometry/">Histomorphometry and Digital Slide Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/histopathology/specialized-histology/">Specialized Histology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/histopathology/devices-plastics-ground-sections/">Devices, Plastics and Ground Section Histology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/t-cell-receptor-science-studies-and-services/">The Power of the TCR2</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/biocompatibility-and-devices-research-at-comparative-biosciences-inc/">Biocompatibility and Devices</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/toxicology/stem-cell-toxicology">Stem Cell Research</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/specialized-surgical-pharmacology/">Specialized Surgical Pharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/veterinary-pharmacology/">Veterinary Pharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/cannabis-pharmacology/">Cannabis Pharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/cns-pharmacology/">Specialized CNS: Pharmacology and Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/pompe-disease/">Pompe Disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/intraocular-lens-implantation/">Intraocular Lens Implantation (video)</a></li> <li> <a>Pulmonary</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/model-of-murine-pulmonary-aspergillosis/">Model of Murine Pulmonary Aspergillosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/murine-hypersensitivity-pneumonitis-farmers-lung/">Model of Murine Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/nasal-aspergillosis-in-rabbits-2propionibacterium-acnes-induced-hypersensitivity/">Murine Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chronic Inflammation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/pulmonary/nasal-aspergillosis/">Model Of Nasal Aspergillosis In Rabbits</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/bladder-cancer/">Bladder Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/blog/spinal-trauma-in-rodents/">Spinal Trauma In Rodents</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/subcutaneous-implants-video/">Subcutaneous Implants + Video</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/resources/" aria-current="page">Resources</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5522"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/powerpoint-presentations/">PowerPoint Presentations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2635"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/our-blog/">Blog</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2341"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4pamRdMw2w">CBI Videos</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4653"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/coronavirus-diseaseimiquimod-psoriasis/">CBI Virtual Tour Video – 2021</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5344"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/subcutaneous-implant-procedure-2/">Subcutaneous Implant Procedure – Video</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2102"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/coronavirus-diseaseimiquimod-psoriasis/https-www-compbio-com-blog-carotid-artery-repair/">Carotid Artery Video Procedures</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5303"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/intraocular-lens-implantation-2/">Intraocular Lens Implantation – Video</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4872"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/newsletters-2-2/">Newsletters</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4873"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/publications-2/">Publications & White Papers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.compbio.com/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content row"> <div id="page-head"> <header class="entry-header"> <div class="header-bar"></div> </header> </div> <div id="content-contain" class="row"> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area medium-3 columns" role="complementary"> <div class="secondary-content"> <span id="root-id" style="display:none;">2516</span> <div class="menu-main-container"> <ul id="menu-main" class="menu"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="primary" class="content-area medium-9 columns"> <div class="header-title"> <h1 class="entry-title">Toxicology in Preclinical Studies</h1> </div> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-2026" class="post-2026 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div id="breadcrumb"> <div id="crumbs"><span class="crumb"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/">Home</a></span> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> <span class="crumb"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/services/toxicology/">Services</a></span> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> <span class="current">Toxicology in Preclinical Studies</span></div> </div> <div class="right-top-cta"> <a href="https://www.compbio.com/contact-us/" class="button-green cta">Ask Our Experts</a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="the-content-contain"> <div class="row builder-row content-row"> <div class="medium-12 columns"> <h2>Preclinical Toxicology</h2> <p>We offer a complete program of preclinical toxicology services to support a range of your toxicology requirements. We have experience with early assessment of new molecules including single dose, multiple dose and targeted studies, as well as directed or investigative toxicology, IND-enabling toxicology programs and long-term carcinogenicity studies. Our facility can support a large volume of animals to support your acute toxicity studies, sub-acute toxicity studies, and chronic toxicity studies.</p> <p>You will find our PhD study directors to be experienced scientists who are communicative, collaborative and attentive, and you can count on us to deliver high-quality GLP reports on time, every time.</p> <p><a class="button-green" href="https://www.compbio.com/contact-us">Ready to start your study?</a></p> <p>Due to our unique and extensive experience in preclinical studies and state-of-the-art facilities, we have the skill and expertise to accelerate new drugs, small molecules, metals, biologics, tumorigenicity, stem cells, nano-particles, and devices from discovery through the drug development process, to regulatory submission and studies in man.  We offer unique and sophisticated methods of assessment including OCT, digital radiography, CT scanning, ultrasound, MRI, laser doppler, IVIS imaging, and Silhouette photography.  Additionally we offer immunohistochemistry, cytokines, ELISA, PCR, qPCR, and immunogenicity assays.</p> <p>For GLP studies with biologics, stem cells, vaccines, viral products, proteins and large molecules, GLP studies include immunogenicity and biodistribution assessments.</p> <p> </p> <p>Toxicology studies at CBI include:</p> <ul> <li>Skin irritation studies to intact or abraded skin</li> <li>Acute (LD50) dermal toxicity study in rats or rabbits</li> <li>Acute single or multiple dose dermal toxicity studies in rodents</li> <li>Acute single or multiple dose dermal toxicity studies in minipig or other nonrodent species</li> <li>Two week dermal toxicity studies in rodents</li> <li>Two week dermal toxicity studies in minipig, dog or other nonrodent</li> <li>Four week dermal toxicity studies in rodents (with or without recovery period)</li> <li>Four week dermal toxicity studies in minipig, dog or other nonrodent (with or without recovery period)</li> <li>3, 6, or 12 month dermal toxicity studies in rodents (with or without recovery period)</li> <li>3, 6, or 12 month dermal toxicity studies in minipig, dogs or other nonrodent (with or without recovery period)</li> <li>Two year oncogenicity dermal studies in rodents and nonrodents</li> <li>Co-carcinogenicity dermal studies in rodents and nonrodents</li> <li>Acute perivascular irritation study in rabbits</li> <li>Hyper sensitization studies</li> <li>Phototoxicity and UV light</li> <li>Customized toxicology studies to respond to FDA regulatory issues</li> <li>Toxicology with tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and biodistribution, particularly for biologics and stem cells</li> </ul> <h2></h2> <p>Request more information:<br> <a class="button-green" href="https://www.compbio.com/contact-us">Contact CBI</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bottom-cta center"> <a href="https://www.compbio.com/contact-us/" class="button-green cta">Contact CBI</a> </div> </div> </article> </main> </div> </div> <div class="call-out"> <h3 class="content-left"><span class="line-one">Have a question</span> <span class="line-two">or need a quote?</span></h3> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 85" style="enable-background:new 0 0 100 85;" xml:space="preserve"> <style type="text/css"> .st0{fill:#FFFFFF;} </style> <g> <path class="st0" d="M64.3,0.5H16c-8.8,0-16,7.2-16,16V44c0,8.4,6.6,15.4,14.9,16l-3.7,17.4L31.6,60h8.8V43.9 c0-8.7,7.1-15.8,15.8-15.8h24.2V16.5C80.3,7.7,73.1,0.5,64.3,0.5z"/> <path class="st0" d="M89.1,33h-33c-6,0-10.9,4.9-10.9,10.9v18.8c0,6,4.9,10.9,10.9,10.9h22.4l13.9,11.8l-2.5-11.9 c5.7-0.4,10.2-5.1,10.2-10.9V44C100,38,95.1,33,89.1,33z M85.5,49.3c2.2,0,4,1.8,4,4.1c0,2.2-1.8,4.1-4,4.1s-4-1.8-4-4.1 C81.5,51.1,83.3,49.3,85.5,49.3z M59.6,57.4c-2.2,0-4-1.8-4-4.1c0-2.2,1.8-4.1,4-4.1c2.2,0,4,1.8,4,4.1 C63.7,55.6,61.9,57.4,59.6,57.4z M68.5,53.4c0-2.2,1.8-4.1,4-4.1s4,1.8,4,4.1c0,2.2-1.8,4.1-4,4.1S68.5,55.6,68.5,53.4z"/> </g> </svg> <h3 class="content-right"><span>We can help!</span> <a href="https://www.compbio.com/contact-us/"><span class="cta-btn">Contact us</span></a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer row"> <div class="site-info medium-12 columns"> Comparative Biosciences, Inc. · <strong>Phone: 888-994-4879</strong><br> Copyright 2024 Comparative Biosciences, Inc. All rights reserved. </div> </footer> <div id="search-form" class="lightbox"> <div class="close"></div> <div id="search-form-contain" class="lightbox-contain"> <div class="search-contain row"> <div class="search-form small-11 columns"> <form action="https://www.compbio.com/search_main" method="post" id="main-searchform"> <input type="text" name="s" id="search" placeholder="Search Our Site" value="" /> </form> </div> <div class="small-1 columns"> <span class="main-search-submit"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mobile-menu" class="lightbox"> <div class="close"></div> <div id="mobile-menu-contain" class="lightbox-contain"> <div class="menu-main-container"><ul id="mobile-menu-list" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2345"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/preclinical-studies/">About CBI</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2344"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/preclinical-studies/">Company</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1973"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/core-management-team/">Core Management Team</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1972"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/scientific-advisors/">Scientific Advisers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2163"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/collaborations/">Collaborations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1971"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/why-cbitestimonials/">Why CBI</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1970"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/careers/">Careers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2516"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/">Therapeutic Areas</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2863"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/">Therapeutic Areas Overview</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5197"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/rolly/">Surgical Modeling</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5543"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/hypertrophic-scar-formation-in-rabbits/">Hypertrophic Scar Formation in Rabbits</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2008"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/dermatology/">Dermatology</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2007"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/dermal-efficacy-models/">Dermal Efficacy & Models</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3005"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/wound-healing-models/">Wound Healing Models</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2982"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/dermal-burn-modeling/">Dermal Burn Modeling</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3034"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/dermatologic-inflammation/">Dermatologic Inflammation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3033"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/delayed-type-hypersensitivity-dth-studies/">Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Studies</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2016"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/dermal-pharmacokinetics/">Pharmacokinetics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2018"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/dermal-toxicology/">Dermal Toxicology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4899"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/imiquimod-psoriasis/">Dermal Immune Mediated Disease</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5583"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/murine-atopic-dermatitis-model/">Murine Atopic Dermatitis Model</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2014"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/ophthalmology/">Ophthalmology</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2012"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/ocular-efficacy-model/">Ocular Models of Pharmacology and Efficacy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2845"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/neovascular-vascular-models/">Preclinical Ocular Efficacy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2017"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/ocular-pharmacokinetics/">Pharmacokinetics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2243"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/toxicology/">Ocular Toxicology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3050"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/ophthalmology/optical-coherence-tomography/">Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT Video)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2247"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/cardiovascular-efficacy-models/">Cardiovascular</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2006"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/cardiovascular-efficacy-models/">Cardiovascular Efficacy and Models</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2855"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-hyperoxia-injury-models/">Hyperoxia Injury Models</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2004"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/atherosclerosis/">Atherosclerosis</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5032"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/carotid-artery-repair/">Carotid Artery Repair</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2013"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/oncology/">Oncology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2010"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/inflammation/">Inflammation</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4940"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/1-dermal-immune-mediated-disease/">Dermal Immune Mediated Disease</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3691"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/immune-mediated/">Immune-Mediated Studies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2936"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/cardiovascular/therapeutic-hyperoxia-injury-models/">Hyperoxia Injury Models</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2968"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/diabetic-models/">Diabetic and Metabolic Models</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2934"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/dermatologic-inflammation/">Dermatologic Inflammation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2003"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/arthritis/">Arthritis</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2009"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/fibrotic-disease/">Fibrotic Disease</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2002"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/anti-infective/">Anti-infective Models</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2015"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/otic-study/">Ototoxicity and Auditory Studies</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2710"><a href="/toxicology/">Services</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2285"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/toxicology/">Toxicology in Preclinical Studies</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5384"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/toxicology-in-rodents/">TOXICOLOGY In Rodents</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4569"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/oncolytic-viral-vaccine/">Oncolytic Viral Vaccine</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2288"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/dermal-toxicology/">Dermal Toxicology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2289"><a href="/toxicology">Ocular Toxicology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2048"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/regulatory-toxicology/">Regulatory Toxicology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2047"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/discovery-toxicology/">Discovery Toxicology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2046"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/investigative-custom-toxicology/">Investigative Toxicology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2045"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/stem-cell-toxicology/">Stem Cell Toxicology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5425"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/test-burn/">Dermal Burn Modeling</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2057"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/pharmacokinetics/">Pharmacokinetics</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2059"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/preclinical-pharmacokinetics/">Preclinical Pharmacokinetics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2303"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/pharmacokinetics/">Dermal Pharmacokinetics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2304"><a href="/ocular-pharmacokinetics/">Ocular Pharmacokinetics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2084"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/histopathology/">Histopathology</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2090"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/regulatory-pathology-studies/">Research and Regulatory Pathology Studies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2769"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/immunohistochemistry/">Immunohistochemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2089"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/histopathology-special-stains/">Histopathology and Special Stains</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2088"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/in-situ-hybridization/"><em>In Situ</em> Hybridization</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2087"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/tissue-cross-reactivity-studies/">Tissue Cross-Reactivity Studies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2086"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/histomorphometry/">Histomorphometry and Digital Slide Analysis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2085"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/specialized-histology/">Specialized Histology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3301"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/devices-plastics-ground-sections/">Devices, Plastics and Ground Section Histology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5476"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/t-cell-receptor-science-studies-and-services/">The Power of the TCR2</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5440"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/biocompatibility-and-devices-research-at-comparative-biosciences-inc/">Biocompatibility and Devices</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2334"><a href="/stem-cell-toxicology">Stem Cell Research</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2092"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/specialized-surgical-pharmacology/">Specialized Surgical Pharmacology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3077"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/veterinary-pharmacology/">Veterinary Pharmacology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3787"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/cannabis-pharmacology/">Cannabis Pharmacology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3884"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/cns-pharmacology/">Specialized CNS: Pharmacology and Surgery</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4421"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/pompe-disease/">Pompe Disease</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4468"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/intraocular-lens-implantation/">Intraocular Lens Implantation (video)</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4034"><a>Pulmonary</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4027"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/model-of-murine-pulmonary-aspergillosis/">Model of Murine Pulmonary Aspergillosis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4028"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/murine-hypersensitivity-pneumonitis-farmers-lung/">Model of Murine Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4029"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/nasal-aspergillosis-in-rabbits-2propionibacterium-acnes-induced-hypersensitivity/">Murine Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chronic Inflammation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4122"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/nasal-aspergillosis/">Model Of Nasal Aspergillosis In Rabbits</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4963"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/bladder-cancer/">Bladder Cancer</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5168"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/spinal-trauma-in-rodents/">Spinal Trauma In Rodents</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5370"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/subcutaneous-implants-video/">Subcutaneous Implants + Video</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4874"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/resources/">Resources</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5522"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/powerpoint-presentations/">PowerPoint Presentations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2635"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.compbio.com/our-blog/">Blog</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2341"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4pamRdMw2w">CBI Videos</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4653"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/coronavirus-diseaseimiquimod-psoriasis/">CBI Virtual Tour Video – 2021</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5344"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/subcutaneous-implant-procedure-2/">Subcutaneous Implant Procedure – Video</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2102"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/coronavirus-diseaseimiquimod-psoriasis/https-www-compbio-com-blog-carotid-artery-repair/">Carotid Artery Video Procedures</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5303"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/intraocular-lens-implantation-2/">Intraocular Lens Implantation – Video</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4872"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/newsletters-2-2/">Newsletters</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4873"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/publications-2/">Publications & White Papers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1969"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="menu-top-container"><ul id="secondary-mobile-menu-list" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item current_page_item menu-item-home menu-item-21"><a href="https://www.compbio.com" aria-current="page">home</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5313"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://us232.dayforcehcm.com/CandidatePortal/en-US/ggg/SITE/CBICareerSite">careers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2147"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/site-index/">site index</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-710"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/privacy-policy/">privacy policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-711"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/legal-notice/">legal notice</a></li> <li class="search-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2993"><a href="#">Search <i></i></a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div id="video-box" class="lightbox"> <div class="close"><span class="x1"></span><span class="x2"></span></div> <div id="player_contain"> </div> </div> <div id="share-box" class="lightbox"> <div class="close"><span class="x1"></span><span class="x2"></span></div> <div class="row"> <div class="medium-6 columns small-centered"> <h3>Share: Comparative Biosciences, Inc.</h3> <div class="share-icons"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compbio.com" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compbio.com" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compbio.com" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a> <a href="mailto:?subject=Comparative%20Biosciences%2C%20Inc.%3A%20Comparative%20Biosciences%2C%20Inc.&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compbio.com" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a> </div> <div id="link_sharer" class="row"> <form> <div class="medium-10 columns medium-centered"> <input type="text" class="share_link" value="https://www.compbio.com" onclick="this.setSelectionRange(0, this.value.length)" readonly=""> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>