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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民用航空" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民用航空"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>民用航空</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-民用航空-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关民用航空子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-民用航空-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-民航生產商" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民航生產商"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>民航生產商</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民航生產商-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-航空公司" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#航空公司"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>航空公司</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-航空公司-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-通用航空" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#通用航空"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>通用航空</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-通用航空-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-軍用航空" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#軍用航空"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>軍用航空</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-軍用航空-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-航空交通管制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#航空交通管制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>航空交通管制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-航空交通管制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-環境影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#環境影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>環境影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-環境影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参看" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参看"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参看</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参看-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关參考資料子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-參考書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>參考書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">航空</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。91种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugvaart" title="Lugvaart – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lugvaart" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طيران – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طيران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Aviación – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aviación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviasiya" title="Aviasiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aviasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="هاواچیلیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هاواچیلیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Авиация – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Авиация" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviac%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Aviacėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Aviacėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Авіяцыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Авіяцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Авіяцыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Авіяцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Авиация – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Авиация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="एविएशन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एविएशन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="বিমান চালনা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিমান চালনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avijacija" title="Avijacija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Avijacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Агаарай тээбэри – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Агаарай тээбэри" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviaci%C3%B3" title="Aviació – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aviació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DA%95%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="فڕۆکەوانی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فڕۆکەوانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letectv%C3%AD" title="Letectví – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Letectví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Авиаци – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Авиаци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awyrennu" title="Awyrennu – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Awyrennu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftfart" title="Luftfart – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luftfart" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftfahrt" title="Luftfahrt – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luftfahrt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γενική αεροπορία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γενική αεροπορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aviation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviado" title="Aviado – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aviado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Aviación – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aviación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennundus" title="Lennundus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lennundus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegazkintza" title="Hegazkintza – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hegazkintza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="هوانوردی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هوانوردی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmailu" title="Ilmailu – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilmailu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aviation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Aviación – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aviación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="תעופה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תעופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="विमानन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विमानन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zrakoplovstvo" title="Zrakoplovstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zrakoplovstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gi_k%C3%B6zleked%C3%A9s" title="Légi közlekedés – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Légi közlekedés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aviation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penerbangan" title="Penerbangan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penerbangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviazione" title="Aviazione – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aviazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="航空 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="航空" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ავიაცია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავიაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviaciya" title="Aviaciya – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Aviaciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aferfer" title="Aferfer – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aferfer" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Авиация – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Авиация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5" title="항공 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항공" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigatio_a%C3%ABrea" title="Navigatio aërea – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Navigatio aërea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loftfaart" title="Loftfaart – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Loftfaart" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3chvaart" title="Lóchvaart – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lóchvaart" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviacija" title="Aviacija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aviacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviaceja" title="Aviaceja – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Aviaceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avi%C4%81cija" title="Aviācija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aviācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panabangan" title="Panabangan – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Panabangan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Воздухопловство – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Воздухопловство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Агаарын тээвэр – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Агаарын тээвэр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penerbangan" title="Penerbangan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penerbangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Менелев ливтямо – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Менелев ливтямо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luchtvaart" title="Luchtvaart – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luchtvaart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftfart" title="Luftfart – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Luftfart" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftfart" title="Luftfart – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luftfart" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviacion" title="Aviacion – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aviacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotnictwo" title="Lotnictwo – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lotnictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avia%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Aviação – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aviação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avia%C8%9Bie" title="Aviație – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aviație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Авиация – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Авиация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8" title="वायु परिवहन – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वायु परिवहन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviazzioni" title="Aviazzioni – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aviazzioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Aviation" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avijacija" title="Avijacija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Avijacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aviation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letectvo" title="Letectvo – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Letectvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letalstvo" title="Letalstvo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Letalstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviacioni" title="Aviacioni – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aviacioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ваздухопловство – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ваздухопловство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngapung" title="Ngapung – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ngapung" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftfart" title="Luftfart – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luftfart" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பறப்பியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பறப்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="విమానయానం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విమానయానం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Ҳавонавардӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳавонавардӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="การเดินอากาศ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเดินอากาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awiasi%C3%BDa" title="Awiasiýa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Awiasiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyasyon" title="Abyasyon – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Abyasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havac%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Havacılık – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Havacılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Авіація – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Авіація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ہوابازی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہوابازی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviatsiya" title="Aviatsiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aviatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0ng_kh%C3%B4ng" title="Hàng không – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hàng không" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyasyon" title="Abyasyon – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Abyasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="航空 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="航空" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ავიაცია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ავიაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אוויאציע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוויאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2ng-khong" title="Hâng-khong – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hâng-khong" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="航空 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="航空" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q765633#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/25px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/38px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/50px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><b>提示</b>：此条目的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天">航天</a></b>。</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg/220px-Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg/330px-Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg/440px-Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%ABA380" class="mw-redirect" title="空中巴士A380">空中巴士A380</a>，目前建造的最大客运飛機翱翔蓝天</figcaption></figure> <p><b>航空</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Aviation</span>）狭义上则指的是载人或非载人的飞行器在大气层中的航行活动，广义上航空一词也指进行航空活动所必须的科学，同时也泛指研究开发<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8" title="航空器">航空器</a>所涉及的各种技术<sup id="cite_ref-textbook_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-textbook-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。人类自古以来便有像鸟儿一样翱翔天空的愿望，但直到18世纪后期<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E7%90%83_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8)" class="mw-redirect" title="气球 (航空器)">载人热气球</a>在欧洲升空后才首度实现。20世纪初随着工业革命带来的科技进步，人类的航空事业得以迅速发展。1903年12月17日，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="美国人">美国人</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E7%89%B9%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="莱特兄弟">莱特兄弟</a>成功试飞人类第一架重于空气、带有动力、可控制操作，并可持续滞空的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="飞机">飞机</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，开启了现代航空的新纪元。航空是21世纪最活跃和最具影响力的科学技术领域，该领域取得的重要成就标志着人类文明的发展水準，也展現着一个国家的综合国力及科学技术的水準。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_flight2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/First_flight2.jpg/220px-First_flight2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/First_flight2.jpg/330px-First_flight2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/First_flight2.jpg/440px-First_flight2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6603" data-file-height="4280" /></a><figcaption>1903年12月17日，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E7%89%B9%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="莱特兄弟">莱特兄弟</a>驾驶自行研制的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%85%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="飞行者一号">飞行者一号</a>完成了人类史上首次<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="飞机">飞机</a>的受控持续飞行</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%8F%B2" title="航空史">航空史</a></div> <p>人类航空事业的发展已经有200多年的历史。人类最初从神话传说中表达自己对<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="飞行">飞行</a>的渴望，随后他们发明了<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E7%AD%9D" title="风筝">风筝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%87%88" title="天燈">天灯</a>等可以飞入空中的人造物。文艺复兴时<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%8A%AC%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="达芬奇">达芬奇</a>等人开始以科学的方法探求并进行<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8" title="航空器">航空器</a>的设计。18世纪末期开始的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="工业革命">工业革命</a>给自然科学技术的发展注入了强大动力，人类的航空技术开始迅速发展，<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E6%B0%94%E7%90%83" title="热气球">热气球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E8%89%87" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="飞艇">飞艇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E7%BF%94%E6%9C%BA" title="滑翔机">滑翔机</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="飞机">飞机</a>等在一个多世纪的时间里相继被发明、发展成熟，而其中的一些又被淘汰。两次世界大战更是刺激了飞机制造业的进步，其后人类更进一步踏入了<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天">航天</a>领域。现在航空业已经成为人类最前沿、最具影响力的领域。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="民用航空"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E7.94.A8.E8.88.AA.E7.A9.BA"></span>民用航空</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：民用航空"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%94%A8%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="民用航空">民用航空</a></div> <p>民航指一切非軍事航空活動，包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="航空公司">航空運輸</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="通用航空">通用航空</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="民航生產商"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E8.88.AA.E7.94.9F.E7.94.A2.E5.95.86"></span>民航生產商</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：民航生產商"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%88%AA%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" title="民航飛機">民航飛機</a></div> <p>目前主要的民航生產商有： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%AE%A2%E8%BD%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="空中客车公司">空中巴士公司</a>，總部在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%9B%A7%E8%8C%B2" title="圖盧茲">圖盧茲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATR" title="ATR">ATR</a>，總部在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%9B%A7%E8%8C%B2" title="圖盧茲">圖盧茲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%9F%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="波音公司">波音公司</a>，總部在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9B%85%E5%9C%96" title="西雅圖">西雅圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%95%86%E9%A3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中国商飞">中国商飞</a>，總部在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="上海">上海</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%9A%E5%A8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="安博威">安博威</a>，總部在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%8B%A5%E6%BE%A4-%E6%9D%9C%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF" title="聖若澤-杜斯坎普斯">圣若泽-杜斯坎普斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="聯合航空製造公司">联合航空制造公司</a>，總部在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="航空公司"><span id=".E8.88.AA.E7.A9.BA.E5.85.AC.E5.8F.B8"></span>航空公司</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：航空公司"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="航空公司">航空公司</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATL_Concourse_B_-_June_2016_(29445195857).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ATL_Concourse_B_-_June_2016_%2829445195857%29.jpg/220px-ATL_Concourse_B_-_June_2016_%2829445195857%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ATL_Concourse_B_-_June_2016_%2829445195857%29.jpg/330px-ATL_Concourse_B_-_June_2016_%2829445195857%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ATL_Concourse_B_-_June_2016_%2829445195857%29.jpg/440px-ATL_Concourse_B_-_June_2016_%2829445195857%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%BE%8E%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="達美航空">達美航空</a>的機隊於<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%8C%A8%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7-%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="哈茨菲尔德-杰克逊亚特兰大国际机场">哈茨菲爾德-傑克遜亞特蘭大國際機場</a>，圖中主要是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E9%81%93MD-80" title="麥道MD-80">麥道MD-80</a>機型</figcaption></figure> <p>直至70年代，大部份大型航空公司都是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="國家航空公司">國家航空公司</a>，受到政府保護，免受對手威脅。但自<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA" title="開放天空">開放天空</a>政策推行之後，不少航空公司紛紛成立，使機票價格下滑，再加上高燃油價格，高薪金及2001年所發生的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="九一一事件">九一一事件</a>和2003年所爆发的<a href="/wiki/SARS" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS">SARS</a>瘟疫（以及2019年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%86%A0%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="新冠肺炎">新冠肺炎</a>等等），此間不少較年長的航空公司都申請破產保護、政府保護或合併，但同時間，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%89%E5%83%B9%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="廉價航空公司">廉價航空公司</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="西南航空">西南航空</a>則成為這段時期的得益者。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="通用航空"><span id=".E9.80.9A.E7.94.A8.E8.88.AA.E7.A9.BA"></span>通用航空</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：通用航空"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="通用航空">通用航空</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C-172A_N7481T_at_Anderson,_Indiana,_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/C-172A_N7481T_at_Anderson%2C_Indiana%2C_USA.jpg/220px-C-172A_N7481T_at_Anderson%2C_Indiana%2C_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/C-172A_N7481T_at_Anderson%2C_Indiana%2C_USA.jpg/330px-C-172A_N7481T_at_Anderson%2C_Indiana%2C_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/C-172A_N7481T_at_Anderson%2C_Indiana%2C_USA.jpg/440px-C-172A_N7481T_at_Anderson%2C_Indiana%2C_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%96%AF%E7%B4%8D172" title="塞斯納172">塞斯納172</a></figcaption></figure> <p>通用航空指所有非定期航班，包括私人和商業性飛機。通用航空可以為公務航班、不定期航班、私人航班、飛行訓練、降落傘、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%B0%A3%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="熱氣球">熱氣球</a>、滑翔飛行、空中攝影、救護航班、特技飛行、空中巡邏警察或森林消防員。每個國家對通用航空都有不同規範，其規範則視符是私人性質還是商業性質。 </p><p>目前全球有不少飛機製造商生產小型飛機，如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德事隆航空" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Textron Aviation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8B%E9%9A%86%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德事隆航空（页面不存在）">德事隆航空</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textron_Aviation" class="extiw" title="en:Textron Aviation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Textron Aviation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中航通飞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CAIGA"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%88%AA%E9%80%9A%E9%A3%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中航通飞（页面不存在）">中航通飞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAIGA" class="extiw" title="en:CAIGA"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CAIGA</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%BD%E7%9F%B3%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="鑽石飛機工業集團">鑽石飛機工業集團</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%8D%B7-%E7%B4%A2%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%BE%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="达荷-索卡达飞机制造公司">達荷-索卡達飛機製造公司</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BE%E7%8F%80%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="派珀航空">派珀航空</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="皮拉圖斯飛機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pilatus Aircraft"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮拉圖斯飛機（页面不存在）">皮拉圖斯飛機</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilatus_Aircraft" class="extiw" title="en:Pilatus Aircraft"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pilatus Aircraft</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%87%A1%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="莫拉凡公司">莫拉凡公司</a>等，其市場主要是針對希望擁有私人飛機的顧客或飛行校的教練機。隨著航電系統的改善，以往只有大型飛機的航電也能加裝在小型飛機上，例如GPS，再加上複合材料的應用使飛機更輕且飛得更快，成為發展小型飛機的推動力。近年，超輕型飛機和自製飛機的普及，使許多國家允許私人飛行，能使政府節省金錢和減少規範去發出適航證書給於飛機。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="軍用航空"><span id=".E8.BB.8D.E7.94.A8.E8.88.AA.E7.A9.BA"></span>軍用航空</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：軍用航空"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="空中戰爭">空中戰爭</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Formation_of_a_Legacy,_Heritage_flight_merges_aviation_past_and_present_86-16-51-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Formation_of_a_Legacy%2C_Heritage_flight_merges_aviation_past_and_present_86-16-51-22.jpg/220px-Formation_of_a_Legacy%2C_Heritage_flight_merges_aviation_past_and_present_86-16-51-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Formation_of_a_Legacy%2C_Heritage_flight_merges_aviation_past_and_present_86-16-51-22.jpg/330px-Formation_of_a_Legacy%2C_Heritage_flight_merges_aviation_past_and_present_86-16-51-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Formation_of_a_Legacy%2C_Heritage_flight_merges_aviation_past_and_present_86-16-51-22.jpg/440px-Formation_of_a_Legacy%2C_Heritage_flight_merges_aviation_past_and_present_86-16-51-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1814" data-file-height="1218" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/F-16%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%BC%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" title="F-16戰隼戰鬥機">F-16戰隼戰鬥機</a>、<a href="/wiki/F-86%E8%BB%8D%E5%88%80%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" title="F-86軍刀戰鬥機">F-86軍刀戰鬥機</a>、<a href="/wiki/P-51%E9%87%8E%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="P-51野馬戰鬥機">P-51野馬戰鬥機</a>、<a href="/wiki/F-22%E7%8C%9B%E7%A6%BD%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" title="F-22猛禽戰鬥機">F-22猛禽戰鬥機</a>（從左到右）</figcaption></figure> <p>早在18世紀，人類已經發展沒有動力的監察熱氣球<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。到了現今，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E7%94%A8%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="軍用航空飛行器">軍用飛機</a>被大量需求和生產，軍機生產商之間是相互的競爭者，因為只有其中一方能取得某國的合約，提供軍機給於該國，而政府的考量主要是在飛機價錢、性能和速度。 </p><p><b>軍用飛機種類</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="戰鬥機">戰鬥機</a>是用來摧毀敵方軍機，例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%84%B7-27%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇愷-27戰鬥機">蘇愷-27戰鬥機</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="攻擊機">攻擊機</a>是用來攻擊地面目標，實施火力支援，例如<a href="/wiki/A-10%E9%9B%B7%E9%9C%86%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A%E6%A9%9F" title="A-10雷霆二式攻擊機">A-10雷霆二式攻擊機</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="轟炸機">轟炸機</a>是用來進行戰略轟炸，例如<a href="/wiki/B-2%E5%B9%BD%E9%9D%88%E9%9A%B1%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="B-2幽靈隱形戰略轟炸機">B-2幽靈隱形戰略轟炸機</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="運輸機">運輸機</a>是用來進行人力或物資運輸，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89-124%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="安-124運輸機">安-124運輸機</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B5%E5%AF%9F%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="偵察機">偵察機</a>是用來資料蒐集，例如<a href="/wiki/U-2%E5%81%B5%E5%AF%9F%E6%A9%9F" title="U-2偵察機">U-2偵察機</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%8D%87%E6%A9%9F" title="直升機">直升機</a>是用來進行火力支援和運輸之用。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="航空交通管制"><span id=".E8.88.AA.E7.A9.BA.E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A.E7.AE.A1.E5.88.B6"></span>航空交通管制</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：航空交通管制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6" title="航空交通管制">航空交通管制</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HKIA_Control_Tower.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/HKIA_Control_Tower.JPG/220px-HKIA_Control_Tower.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/HKIA_Control_Tower.JPG/330px-HKIA_Control_Tower.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/HKIA_Control_Tower.JPG/440px-HKIA_Control_Tower.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="香港國際機場">香港國際機場</a>的主塔台及航空交通管制大樓</figcaption></figure> <p>航空交通管制負責與飛行員溝通和維持飛機距離，確保飛機不會因為太接近而導致相撞。而航管員要得知飛機位置，需要由飛行員提供，或是在較大型機場裡的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="雷達">雷達</a>中看到飛機位置。 </p><p>航空交通管制的種類： </p> <ul><li>中央管制員</li> <li>控制台，負責管制機場範圍內的飛機</li> <li>海洋管制員，負責管制飛機，大多是國際航班，大多數管制員沒有雷達</li> <li>終端管制員，負責管制機場範圍外飛機，約50-80公里</li></ul> <p>在儀表飛行中，航空交通管制十分重要，因為飛行員可能因天氣問題而看不到其它飛機或機場。縱使在較大型的機場裡，飛機能夠目視飛行，但飛行員都需要聽命於管制員，以維持空中秩序。而管制員會因為飛行員的工作量而提供不同情報去分隔飛機，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="天氣">天氣</a>廣播、地形、飛行輔助等資料。然而，管制員不可能控制所有航班，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a>所流行的目視飛行不需要時時刻刻留意管制員的命令；而在某些地區中，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>北部，因為沒有航空交通管制服務，因此該地方不能夠進行低空飛行。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="環境影響"><span id=".E7.92.B0.E5.A2.83.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>環境影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：環境影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>就像<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" class="mw-redirect" title="燃燒">燃燒</a>一樣，有动力的飛機都會釋放<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="溫室氣體">溫室氣體</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E7%85%99" title="煤煙">煤煙</a>及其它物質，其環境影響如下： </p> <ul><li>當飛機接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="對流層">對流層</a>頂時，會釋出<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F%E9%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="飛機雲">飛機雲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E6%BA%B6%E8%86%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="氣溶膠">氣溶膠</a>，會增加天空中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E4%BA%91" title="卷云">卷雲</a>，最多能增加高達0.2%的雲層<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>當飛機接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="對流層">對流層</a>頂時，會產生化學藥品，會互相影響該高度的溫室氣體，尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氮氧化物">氮氧化物</a>，會增加<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="臭氧">臭氧</a>的濃度。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>大多數小型活塞飛機所燃燒的汽油，都含有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA%E9%89%9B" title="四乙基鉛">四乙基鉛</a>，是一種高毒性物質，能夠污染土地和機場。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参看"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E7.9C.8B"></span>参看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="Portal:航空">航空主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空工程">航空工程</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-textbook-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-textbook_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">,谢础, 贾玉红, 黄俊, 吴永康. 航空航天技术概论（第2版）. 北京航空航天大学出版社. 2008: 1. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-81124-428-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-81124-428-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-81124-428-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&rft.au=%2C%E8%B0%A2%E7%A1%80%2C+%E8%B4%BE%E7%8E%89%E7%BA%A2%2C+%E9%BB%84%E4%BF%8A%2C+%E5%90%B4%E6%B0%B8%E5%BA%B7&rft.btitle=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%A6%82%E8%AE%BA%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC2%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-81124-428-1&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Babcock Gover, Philip. Webster's Third New International Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 1990. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0877792017" title="Special:网络书源/978-0877792017"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0877792017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.aulast=Babcock+Gover&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Third+New+International+Dictionary&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0877792017&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110113080326/http://www.fai.org/news_archives/fai/000295.asp">100 Years Ago, the Dream of Icarus Became Reality.</a>. FAI NEWS. 2003年12月17日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-01-05</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fai.org/news_archives/fai/000295.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2011年1月13日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&rft.btitle=100+Years+Ago%2C+the+Dream+of+Icarus+Became+Reality.&rft.date=2003-12-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=FAI+NEWS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fai.org%2Fnews_archives%2Ffai%2F000295.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1670256,00.html">China's Aircraft Industry Gets Off the Ground</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-05-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101031070258/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1670256,00.html">存档</a>于2010-10-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&rft.btitle=China%27s+Aircraft+Industry+Gets+Off+the+Ground&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1670256%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">中國大百科，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E7%90%83" title="气球">氣球</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc/aviation/032.htm">Aviation and the Global Atmosphere (IPCC)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-05-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629113916/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc/aviation/032.htm">存档</a>于2007-06-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&rft.btitle=Aviation+and+the+Global+Atmosphere+%28IPCC%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grida.no%2Fclimate%2Fipcc%2Faviation%2F032.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lin, X.; Trainer, M. and Liu, S.C.,. On the nonlinearity of the tropospheric ozone production.. Journal of Geophysical Research. 1988, <b>93</b>: 15879–15888.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&rft.atitle=On+the+nonlinearity+of+the+tropospheric+ozone+production.&rft.aufirst=X.&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.pages=15879-15888&rft.volume=93&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Grewe, V.; D. Brunner, M. Dameris, J. L. Grenfell, R. Hein, D. Shindell, J. Staehelin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231001001340">Origin and variability of upper tropospheric nitrogen oxides and ozone at northern mid-latitudes</a>. Atmospheric Environment. July 2001, <b>35</b> (20): 3421–3433 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-11-20</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2801%2900134-0"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00134-0</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423130624/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231001001340">存档</a>于2021-04-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&rft.atitle=Origin+and+variability+of+upper+tropospheric+nitrogen+oxides+and+ozone+at+northern+mid-latitudes&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.aulast=Grewe&rft.date=2001-07&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=20&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.pages=3421-3433&rft.volume=35&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1352231001001340&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1352-2310%2801%2900134-0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="參考書目"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>參考書目</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：參考書目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">《圖說交通探險史》. 三聯書店. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/962-04-2449-2" title="Special:网络书源/962-04-2449-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 962-04-2449-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%AA%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%8E%A2%E9%9A%AA%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=962-04-2449-2&rft.pub=%E4%B8%89%E8%81%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="航空列表" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Template:航空列表"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Template talk:航空列表"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:航空列表"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="航空列表" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">航空</a>列表</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">综合</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="飛行器列表">飛行器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E5%95%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="飛行器製造商列表">製造商</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%94%A8%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="民用飞机列表">民用</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="飞机发动机列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of aircraft engines"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飞机发动机列表（页面不存在）">飞机发动机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_engines" class="extiw" title="en:List of aircraft engines"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of aircraft engines</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8%E7%99%BC%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E5%95%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="飛行器發動機製造商列表">製造商</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="航空航天飞行试验中心列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of aerospace flight test centres"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航空航天飞行试验中心列表（页面不存在）">飞行试验中心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aerospace_flight_test_centres" class="extiw" title="en:List of aerospace flight test centres"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of aerospace flight test centres</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="试飞员学校列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of test pilot schools"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%95%E9%A3%9E%E5%91%98%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="试飞员学校列表（页面不存在）">试飞员学校</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_test_pilot_schools" class="extiw" title="en:List of test pilot schools"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of test pilot schools</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航空公司列表">航空公司</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E6%AD%87%E6%A5%AD%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="已歇業航空公司列表">已歇業</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="直升机航空公司列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of helicopter airlines"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E5%8D%87%E6%9C%BA%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直升机航空公司列表（页面不存在）">直升机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_helicopter_airlines" class="extiw" title="en:List of helicopter airlines"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of helicopter airlines</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="機場列表">機場</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%BC%E4%B8%80%E5%BA%A7%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="多於一座機場的城市列表">多機場城市</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%89%B9%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%A8%E6%BC%94%E9%9A%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界飛行特技表演隊列表">飞行特技表演队</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%94%A8%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="民用航空管理部门列表">民航管理部门</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="滑翔机列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of gliders"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%91%E7%BF%94%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滑翔机列表（页面不存在）">滑翔机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gliders" class="extiw" title="en:List of gliders"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of gliders</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航空航天博物馆列表">博物馆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="空中航行和运输法案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Air Navigation and Transport Act"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E8%88%AA%E8%A1%8C%E5%92%8C%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空中航行和运输法案（页面不存在）">法案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Navigation_and_Transport_Act" class="extiw" title="en:Air Navigation and Transport Act"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Air Navigation and Transport Act</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8%E8%A8%BB%E5%86%8A%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F" title="航空器註冊編號">注册编号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E5%B0%84%E5%AE%A2%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="噴射客機列表">噴射客機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="貨機列表">貨機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8B%E7%BF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="旋翼航空器列表">旋翼航空器</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="按国家分类的旋翼航空器制造商列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of rotorcraft manufacturers by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%97%8B%E7%BF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E5%95%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="按国家分类的旋翼航空器制造商列表（页面不存在）">制造商</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rotorcraft_manufacturers_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:List of rotorcraft manufacturers by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of rotorcraft manufacturers by country</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="航空年表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of aviation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航空年表（页面不存在）">年表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_aviation" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of aviation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of aviation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">军用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="空軍列表">空軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="试验机列表">试验机</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="导弹列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of missiles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="导弹列表（页面不存在）">导弹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missiles" class="extiw" title="en:List of missiles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of missiles</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无人航空载具列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of unmanned aerial vehicles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无人航空载具列表（页面不存在）">无人航空载具</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles" class="extiw" title="en:List of unmanned aerial vehicles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of unmanned aerial vehicles</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="飞机武器列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of aircraft weapons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飞机武器列表（页面不存在）">飞机武器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_weapons" class="extiw" title="en:List of aircraft weapons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of aircraft weapons</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%9B%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="空難列表">事故</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%AE%A2%E6%9C%BA%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="商业客机事故列表">商业客机</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="按位置排列涉及客机事故和事件列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by location"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%89%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%E6%B6%89%E5%8F%8A%E5%AE%A2%E6%9C%BA%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="按位置排列涉及客机事故和事件列表（页面不存在）">按位置</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_airliners_by_location" class="extiw" title="en:List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by location"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by location</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="航空事故死亡人数列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of fatalities from aviation accidents"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航空事故死亡人数列表（页面不存在）">死亡人数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fatalities_from_aviation_accidents" class="extiw" title="en:List of fatalities from aviation accidents"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of fatalities from aviation accidents</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90%E8%87%B3%E5%B0%9150%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%A9%BA%E9%9A%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="造成至少50人死亡的空难列表">至少50人</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="涉及通用航空事故和事件列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of accidents and incidents involving general aviation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%89%E5%8F%8A%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="涉及通用航空事故和事件列表（页面不存在）">通用航空</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_general_aviation" class="extiw" title="en:List of accidents and incidents involving general aviation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of accidents and incidents involving general aviation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E7%94%A8%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F%E7%A9%BA%E9%9B%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="軍用飛機空難列表">軍用飛機</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="航空器注册号列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of aircraft by tail number"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航空器注册号列表（页面不存在）">航空器注册号</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_by_tail_number" class="extiw" title="en:List of aircraft by tail number"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of aircraft by tail number</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">记录</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%84" title="飛行速度記錄">飛行速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84" title="飛行高度紀錄">飛行高度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%B7%9D%E9%9B%A2%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%84" title="飛行距離記錄">飛行距離</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="飞行续航记录" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flight endurance record"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E7%BB%AD%E8%88%AA%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飞行续航记录（页面不存在）">飞行续航</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_endurance_record" class="extiw" title="en:Flight endurance record"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flight endurance record</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="航空中首次记录列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of firsts in aviation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航空中首次记录列表（页面不存在）">首次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_firsts_in_aviation" class="extiw" title="en:List of firsts in aviation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of firsts in aviation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大型飞机列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of large aircraft"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大型飞机列表（页面不存在）">大型飞机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_large_aircraft" class="extiw" title="en:List of large aircraft"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of large aircraft</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E6%95%B8%E9%87%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航空器最高製造數量列表">最高产量飞机</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旋翼航空器最高制造数量列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of most-produced rotorcraft"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%8B%E7%BF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旋翼航空器最高制造数量列表（页面不存在）">最高产量旋翼航空器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-produced_rotorcraft" class="extiw" title="en:List of most-produced rotorcraft"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of most-produced rotorcraft</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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