El experimento DUNE para estudiar los neutrinos da su primer paso en EE.UU.

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uu","articleSection":"Sociedad","articleBody":"Chicago (EE.UU), 21 jul (EFE).- Desvelar los misterios de unas part\u00edculas subat\u00f3micas llamadas neutrinos y con ello comprender el Universo ser\u00e1 el objetivo de un gran experimento internacional cuya futura instalaci\u00f3n comenz\u00f3 a excavarse hoy en Dakota del Sur (Estados Unidos). Unos mil cient\u00edficos e ingenieros de 30 pa\u00edses, entre ellos Espa\u00f1a, construir\u00e1n y operar\u00e1n el que un d\u00eda ser\u00e1 el Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF), que albergar\u00e1 el experimento internacional DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment). \"Desvelar los misterios de estas part\u00edculas podr\u00eda ayudarnos a explicar mejor c\u00f3mo funciona el Universo y por qu\u00e9 existe la materia\", seg\u00fan un comunicado del laboratorio Fermilab de Chicago. Cuando est\u00e9 acabado, el LBNF\/DUNE ser\u00e1 el mayor experimento construido en Estados Unidos para estudiar las propiedades de los neutrinos, que desde que fueron descubiertos hace 60 a\u00f1os han demostrado ser las part\u00edculas m\u00e1s sorprendentes, pues son capaces de oscilar entre tres estados diferentes de la materia. Las obras de la nueva instalaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica, que se completar\u00e1 en la pr\u00f3xima d\u00e9cada, comenzar\u00e1n con la excavaci\u00f3n de m\u00e1s de 870.000 toneladas de rocas para crear las enormes cavernas subterr\u00e1neas del detector DUNE y es que, parad\u00f3jicamente, para estudiar unas part\u00edculas que se generan en el Sol hay que localizarlas bajo tierra. Mientras, en Ginebra, donde est\u00e1 la sede del CERN (uno de los mayores socios del proyecto), se construir\u00e1n grandes prototipos del DUNE, para lo que se desarrollar\u00e1 tecnolog\u00eda que se probar\u00e1 y ampliar\u00e1 cuando se fabriquen los grandes detectores de su versi\u00f3n definitiva. Instituciones de decenas de pa\u00edses como Canad\u00e1, Chile, Colombia, M\u00e9xico, Espa\u00f1a, Italia, Jap\u00f3n, Per\u00fa, Rusia, Turqu\u00eda o Reino Unido contribuir\u00e1n a la construcci\u00f3n de los componentes de DUNE, un experimento que formar\u00e1 \"a la pr\u00f3xima generaci\u00f3n de cient\u00edficos que liderar\u00e1 este campo de investigaci\u00f3n\", agrega la nota. La existencia de los neutrinos, las part\u00edculas m\u00e1s numerosas en el Universo, fue sugerida por el austr\u00edaco Wolfgang Pauli en 1930, aunque ser\u00eda el italiano Enrico Fermi quien ocho a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s elabor\u00f3 una teor\u00eda y bautiz\u00f3 el nuevo t\u00e9rmino, pero no fueron descubiertos hasta un cuarto de siglo despu\u00e9s por los f\u00edsicos estadounidenses Frederick Reines y Clyde Cowan. Los cient\u00edficos estudiar\u00e1n las interacciones de los neutrinos en los detectores para entender mejor los cambios que sufren estas part\u00edculas cuando viajan de un punto a otro en un abrir y cerrar de ojos y buscar\u00e1n diferencias en el comportamiento entre los neutrinos y sus r\u00e9plicas de antimateria, los antineutrinos, lo que podr\u00eda dar pistas sobre por qu\u00e9 vivimos en un Universo dominado por la materia. Adem\u00e1s, observar\u00e1n los neutrinos producidos en las explosiones estelares, lo que revelar\u00eda la formaci\u00f3n de estrellas de neutrones y agujeros negros e investigar\u00e1n si los protones viven para siempre o se desintegran en otras part\u00edculas, \"acerc\u00e1ndonos a la realizaci\u00f3n del sue\u00f1o de Einstein: la Teor\u00eda de la Gran Unificaci\u00f3n\". Cuatro centros de investigaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1oles forman parte del experimento DUNE, que contribuir\u00e1n a su dise\u00f1o y construcci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como a los estudios para optimizar la explotaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica del experimento. Los grupos de investigaci\u00f3n en neutrinos del CIEMAT de Madrid y del IFAE de Barcelona ser\u00e1n responsables del sistema de detecci\u00f3n de luz de ProtoDUNE-DP y adem\u00e1s el CIEMAT coordinar\u00e1 el grupo de trabajo de DUNE dedicado a la detecci\u00f3n de neutrinos procedentes de supernovas. El grupo experimental de f\u00edsica de neutrinos del IFIC (CSIC-Universidad de Valencia) lidera el sistema de instrumentaci\u00f3n criog\u00e9nica del detector ProtoDUNE-SP, as\u00ed como su sistema de monitorizaci\u00f3n y coordinar\u00e1 el grupo de trabajo sobre la desintegraci\u00f3n del prot\u00f3n Por su parte, el IFT (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid-CSIC), con contribuciones de miembros del IFIC, lidera la realizaci\u00f3n de simulaciones sobre las capacidades de DUNE para determinar par\u00e1metros a\u00fan desconocidos, como el que codifica la posible diferencia de comportamiento entre neutrinos y antineutrinos. A la ceremonia asistieron, entre otros, el vicepresidente del Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda de EE.UU, Michael Kratsios, senadores por Dakota del Sur, la directora de relaciones internacionales del CERN (Laboratorio europeo de f\u00edsica de particulas), Charlotte Warakaulle, o el director Ejecutivo de Programas del brit\u00e1nico Consejo de Instalaciones Cient\u00edficas y Tecnol\u00f3gica, Grahame Blair. 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} document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { return onGGLoad(); }); </script> <script src="https://rsc.lavanguardia.com/js/godo-base1x-v1000960.js" defer fetchpriority="low"></script> <script src="https://rsc.lavanguardia.com/js/accounts-v1001238.js" defer fetchpriority="low"></script> <script type="script/gg"> console.log('start'); gg.breakpoint.setBreakpoints({ 'xs': 0, 'md': 768 }, true); gg.util.disableImageLoading(); </script> <script> var godo = {}; godo.ads = []; </script> <script type="script/gg"> Breakpoint.init([ { name: 'xs', maxWidth: 767 }, { name: 'md', maxWidth: Infinity } ]); </script> <script> /* conditions to allow PiP Youtube Mini player */ /*ytMiniDisplayConds = window.innerWidth >= 1880 && ggPageData.mainSection.includes('cribeo', 1) || ggPageData.mainSection.includes('television', 1);*/ ytMiniDisplayConds = false; </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.lavanguardia.com/css/fonts.css" fetchpriority="low" /> <script type="script/gg"> window.lv = window.lv || {}; window.lv.onWallpaperAdv = function (s) { if(s.displayed) { document.querySelector("body").classList.add("wallpaper-adv-active"); } }; </script> <style> .supra-header-icons .shi-alerts { display:none; } /*Tablet fixes*/ .main-container{ position: relative; } @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) and (orientation: portrait) { html { position: absolute; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; width:100%; } body { -webkit-transform: scale(0.75) translateX(50%); -webkit-transform-origin: top right; transform: scale(0.75) translateX(50%); transform-origin: top right; position: absolute; right: 50%; top: 0; width: 1024px !important; height: 133vh; overflow-y: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; } #didomi-host { position: -webkit-sticky !important; position: sticky !important; top: 0 !important; z-index: 99 !important; } #didomi-notice{ position: absolute !important; width: 1024px; bottom: initial !important; top: calc(133vh - 219px); } } @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){ html, body { overflow-x: hidden } } /* #29414 */ /*.super-header-full-container { z-index: 1 !important; }*/ </style> <style> /*FIX back effect*/ @media (max-width: 767px) { .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module2x1 .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module2x2 .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module3x1 .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module3x2 .article-module .image-container picture img{ position: absolute; top: 0; } .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module2x1-vertical.article-module2x1-vertical-small .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-video .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-reportaje .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2.article-module3x2-cintell:not(.article-module3x2-cintell-visual) .article-module .image-container picture{ position: relative; padding-top: 49.22%; overflow: hidden; } .xk.home .article-module1x1.article-module-visual.module-box .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x1 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2 .article-module .image-container picture{ position: relative; padding-top: 103.45%; overflow: hidden; } } @media (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px) { .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module2x1-vertical.article-module2x1-vertical-small .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2.article-module3x2-cintell:not(.article-module3x2-cintell-visual) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-reportaje .article-module .image-container picture{ padding-top: 103.45%; } } @media (min-width: 638px) and (max-width: 767px) { .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-visual):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module-visual .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module2x1-vertical.article-module2x1-vertical-small .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-reportaje .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x1 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2.article-module3x2-cintell:not(.article-module3x2-cintell-visual) .article-module .image-container picture{ padding-top: 49.22%; } } /*preserve ads space in all the site*/ .hidden-ad{height: auto;} .board-module-ads.visible-xs.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega{ height: 100px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; position: relative; } .board-module-ads.visible-xs.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega:before{ content: ""; position: absolute; background: #f5f5f5; width: 100%; max-width: 320px; height: 100%; } .board-module-ads.visible-xs.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega ins{ position: relative; } .ads-module.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba, .board-module-ads.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba, .content-ad.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba{ min-height: 600px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-start; position: relative; } .ads-module.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba ins, .board-module-ads.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba ins, .content-ad.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba ins{ position: -webkit-sticky; position: sticky; top: 45px; } .ads-module.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba:before, .board-module-ads.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba:before, .content-ad.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba:before{ content: ""; position: absolute; background: #f5f5f5; width: 100%; max-width: 336px; height: 100%; /*prevent breakdown when infinite scroll on details*/ top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } /*prevent content next to ads box when hidden class on roba*/ .content-ad.visible-xs.roba-container.hidden-ad{ margin-bottom: 30px !important; } /*preserve ads space aspect-ratio 4/3 in IRR desktop modules*/ .content-ad-module .irr-container .ad-unit.irr{ display:none; } @media (min-width: 768px){ .board-module-ads.visible-md.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega{ height: 300px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; position: relative; } body:not(.raiDesktop):not(.gallery-zoom) .content-ad.visible-md.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega:first-child{ height: 251px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; position: relative; } .board-module-ads.visible-md.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega ins, .content-ad.visible-md.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega ins{ position: relative; } .board-module-ads.visible-md.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega:before, body:not(.raiDesktop):not(.gallery-zoom) .content-ad.visible-md.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega:before{ content: ""; position: absolute; background: #f5f5f5; width: 100%; max-width: 990px; height: 100%; /*prevent breakdown when infinite scroll on details*/ top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } body.article-page.section-lacontra .content-ad.visible-md.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega { display: none; } .hidden-ad{ margin: auto !important; } .board-module-ads.visible-md.mega-container.hidden-ad{ margin-bottom: 30px !important; } .top-ad-module .hidden-ad{ display: block; } /* btn suscripcion - pasar a sass*/ .header.header.header-home .main-header .main-header-content{ display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 60px !important } .header.header.header-home .main-header .main-header-content .subscription { padding:0 } .header.header-home .main-header.is-sticky { height: 60px !important } .header.header-home .main-header.is-sticky .hamburger-menu-container { top: 60px !important } } @media (max-width: 768px){ .header-menu-container .subscription .btn-subscription { font-size: 11px; 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</div> <div class="social-buttons social-share" data-gtm-element="leaf-social-share-top"> <div class="social-left"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20170722/424287940440/el-experimento-dune-para-estudiar-los-neutrinos-da-su-primer-paso-en-eeuu.html" class="share-icon fab fa-facebook-f" data-gtm-social-provider="facebook" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=El%20experimento%20DUNE%20para%20estudiar%20los%20neutrinos%20da%20su%20primer%20paso%20en%20EE.UU.&url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20170722/424287940440/el-experimento-dune-para-estudiar-los-neutrinos-da-su-primer-paso-en-eeuu.html" class="share-icon fab" data-gtm-social-provider="twitter" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="icon__x" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xml:space="preserve" fill="white" width="16" height="16"><path 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data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Chicago (EE.UU), 21 jul (EFE).- Desvelar los misterios de unas part铆culas subat贸micas llamadas neutrinos y con ello comprender el Universo ser谩 el objetivo de un gran experimento internacional cuya futura instalaci贸n comenz贸 a excavarse hoy en Dakota del Sur (Estados Unidos).</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Unos mil cient铆ficos e ingenieros de 30 pa铆ses, entre ellos Espa帽a, construir谩n y operar谩n el que un d铆a ser谩 el Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF), que albergar谩 el experimento internacional DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment).</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">"Desvelar los misterios de estas part铆culas podr铆a ayudarnos a explicar mejor c贸mo funciona el Universo y por qu茅 existe la materia", seg煤n un comunicado del laboratorio Fermilab de Chicago.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-md irr-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit irr"> <ins data-ad-type="irr" data-ad-device="md" data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false"></ins> </span></span><span class="content-html"><span class="intext-md hidden-xs hidden-md"></span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Cuando est茅 acabado, el LBNF/DUNE ser谩 el mayor experimento construido en Estados Unidos para estudiar las propiedades de los neutrinos, que desde que fueron descubiertos hace 60 a帽os han demostrado ser las part铆culas m谩s sorprendentes, pues son capaces de oscilar entre tres estados diferentes de la materia.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Las obras de la nueva instalaci贸n cient铆fica, que se completar谩 en la pr贸xima d茅cada, comenzar谩n con la excavaci贸n de m谩s de 870.000 toneladas de rocas para crear las enormes cavernas subterr谩neas del detector DUNE y es que, parad贸jicamente, para estudiar unas part铆culas que se generan en el Sol hay que localizarlas bajo tierra.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Mientras, en Ginebra, donde est谩 la sede del CERN (uno de los mayores socios del proyecto), se construir谩n grandes prototipos del DUNE, para lo que se desarrollar谩 tecnolog铆a que se probar谩 y ampliar谩 cuando se fabriquen los grandes detectores de su versi贸n definitiva.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Instituciones de decenas de pa铆ses como Canad谩, Chile, Colombia, M茅xico, Espa帽a, Italia, Jap贸n, Per煤, Rusia, Turqu铆a o Reino Unido contribuir谩n a la construcci贸n de los componentes de DUNE, un experimento que formar谩 "a la pr贸xima generaci贸n de cient铆ficos que liderar谩 este campo de investigaci贸n", agrega la nota.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs irr-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit irr"> <ins data-ad-type="irr" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false"></ins> </span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">La existencia de los neutrinos, las part铆culas m谩s numerosas en el Universo, fue sugerida por el austr铆aco Wolfgang Pauli en 1930, aunque ser铆a el italiano Enrico Fermi quien ocho a帽os despu茅s elabor贸 una teor铆a y bautiz贸 el nuevo t茅rmino, pero no fueron descubiertos hasta un cuarto de siglo despu茅s por los f铆sicos estadounidenses Frederick Reines y Clyde Cowan.</p> <span class="content-ad-module "> <span class="content-html"><span class="intext-xs hidden-xs hidden-md"></span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Los cient铆ficos estudiar谩n las interacciones de los neutrinos en los detectores para entender mejor los cambios que sufren estas part铆culas cuando viajan de un punto a otro en un abrir y cerrar de ojos y buscar谩n diferencias en el comportamiento entre los neutrinos y sus r茅plicas de antimateria, los antineutrinos, lo que podr铆a dar pistas sobre por qu茅 vivimos en un Universo dominado por la materia.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Adem谩s, observar谩n los neutrinos producidos en las explosiones estelares, lo que revelar铆a la formaci贸n de estrellas de neutrones y agujeros negros e investigar谩n si los protones viven para siempre o se desintegran en otras part铆culas, "acerc谩ndonos a la realizaci贸n del sue帽o de Einstein: la Teor铆a de la Gran Unificaci贸n".</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Cuatro centros de investigaci贸n espa帽oles forman parte del experimento DUNE, que contribuir谩n a su dise帽o y construcci贸n, as铆 como a los estudios para optimizar la explotaci贸n cient铆fica del experimento.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Los grupos de investigaci贸n en neutrinos del CIEMAT de Madrid y del IFAE de Barcelona ser谩n responsables del sistema de detecci贸n de luz de ProtoDUNE-DP y adem谩s el CIEMAT coordinar谩 el grupo de trabajo de DUNE dedicado a la detecci贸n de neutrinos procedentes de supernovas.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">El grupo experimental de f铆sica de neutrinos del IFIC (CSIC-Universidad de Valencia) lidera el sistema de instrumentaci贸n criog茅nica del detector ProtoDUNE-SP, as铆 como su sistema de monitorizaci贸n y coordinar谩 el grupo de trabajo sobre la desintegraci贸n del prot贸n</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Por su parte, el IFT (Universidad Aut贸noma de Madrid-CSIC), con contribuciones de miembros del IFIC, lidera la realizaci贸n de simulaciones sobre las capacidades de DUNE para determinar par谩metros a煤n desconocidos, como el que codifica la posible diferencia de comportamiento entre neutrinos y antineutrinos.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="true" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">A la ceremonia asistieron, entre otros, el vicepresidente del Departamento de Tecnolog铆a de EE.UU, Michael Kratsios, senadores por Dakota del Sur, la directora de relaciones internacionales del CERN (Laboratorio europeo de f铆sica de particulas), Charlotte Warakaulle, o el director Ejecutivo de Programas del brit谩nico Consejo de Instalaciones Cient铆ficas y Tecnol贸gica, Grahame Blair. 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CINXE.COM

El experimento DUNE para estudiar los neutrinos da su primer paso en EE.UU.