CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c6b7238c37f88c',cH: 'nXT8lh7pW4T6iOZHQsWLvW.2JRmbbDLCACtrLKLPBLg-1741315093-1.2.1.1-FuIQB49XZKwwge57fS8Hipynnxon9dl_2YEe3SAMIbh9lh798Xp.eLXbo5kCpTan',cUPMDTk: "\/2372\/json?__cf_chl_tk=KR8qTePkJj4nKP6W8fYUKkBWZ2zE49EfHMvy5nF9uzY-1741315093-1.0.1.1-UBgpPErIoEYHGQkgU342AcswWp0gtcgg0QWgsH1iB7k",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741315093',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/2372\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=KR8qTePkJj4nKP6W8fYUKkBWZ2zE49EfHMvy5nF9uzY-1741315093-1.0.1.1-UBgpPErIoEYHGQkgU342AcswWp0gtcgg0QWgsH1iB7k",md: "uIJy_MK2lxtJioIhxYzalXHb5I1Oe3anVoWWQOiF9Fw-1741315093-1.2.1.1-lSd6T0DMvjLtTQxNsGkPgP4E5.PoBRoVpp9iLbGMiknLkYFE.d18pOQQkJZEexhIWH65jb4C3h_U_gmAcbCHfn4xzNpRWVyg6CyvJvy7iLj.1FT8mjEwhAftsVw6LUfe834wbtkrgaRj0PMppc3OR3kGBVNQTHMGUc9PQzkV4jbzYV1bQYOHgJv9gGHUo5Or5o6RWYU4K5oZaSAd_ZhsYsqKpilHyxA.6gKQF3tcVdbkk3byraaXKCkLn1knCNjPW_x0TSCw4o8y0AvpPLZBTvtuGaRB84jY8_8h4IgLR1tPTnY2CEv2zwgzLmLxeGkSY7ckmX435kqm2HaWLASs7J7R2ntp8R9EqubczfUFhVrc1V.QB08FYdCFQhsqYvseehXVfCLNI3Ax81H9mrc5uN0inPbPtSucwM3S2ym.7MloRaxPMQcWgBM5P3wlIrfKmFZnCMCr2r_eUcCFkE49HaS.Nul5IE2dHAVUylvyS8mIj1o6DiDsz_x2OwW52yMrXEPtuUvzydBQVqrfnhj4VQ5lPUx3qE7IZtHmb_QPrV33o2Y9mv0W2nj46vvNwAnNzGZC01Y_h2csv6waoPvIVWWMDwbw_c7DeD4O_.u2ZWYBvpMFdO.lIb40YX5CdD4Rvyu0yXOsfCnbTq_ZNAsChpcbR2Aa6PCXDIP806s8dqU3QLtPVuR2iYXTd_h3CiwFGIzdLQIxi48GXDVb09TAxgztpjEuCeLjuKA4yaJFTJQctmrmLurd2NQiuyjrAx0WA1vrnCoYXTzG0214xTPjjrmHwCLXYlH1DAbJ2eaRdSn.gT3YCdfS_Hf9Tux1rCKNMzaDoO6slAu6GL9V1pjzfhb7O79S2FXQe1i3CHKKHBKTS3PxxJTLs2fJeQJJxo_9.vin8NJ8K_iicHV1m0YrJfJOA5eeYTwGuWhuRA7tluAymHoLkTqJW1DzFOOSe5r8E5yXNM8BMkH2Ef8sgB28F5ZXKxY.CcD2KaarnzMPZZ_.aDelvCWj0hwMZgOgNlHU3FRv.vjXeSNy11jPfunI7AQFAfbvrBmV4sGjuU9outwGicwfLVUOF8HHSVDGECiAIX_i2B9b6oT.hFG.S5zbAm3qnq8M2VgA31w3F3W9sbIWxNP55iasCLFdKsHW7mz9ujaFq.FoIWYM4Y3PBZLBmwYLz9eDUgua.A8gmWdSA0woIsBcDK.PUX_MMpjH.F5Rwz_xdfJ_FV6XFIGkp1NZFQ",mdrd: "82M3sn1jbfculCWE5hw.rGczPiF1_zJ3WsuMHQAV.Uw-1741315093-1.2.1.1-MP5P41gu3GSKHNXIpklmp9f9M6j_91jSfv67wkc3r7mh6d2qWRjc3HfjrYEkQU1P.nc91Cq1UOwkLd6NVnoCxUisWonQM93SIijA147Qqq_XVKe56e_e1q9grbyJ2wYdI96aDrBVr4uabUi0iTmIym9mc0ChF.dVzoNed96KfjUTsMsYYP_CAU1_JgNEylleatDbuBc7U1rDvV8UOHjCf.05CvW0ROq.na_15dgcWUi.nYHCsOXZcV8ZnazTMuONqPisRuLIESQ.rFfKanOD3Sn23j4JZ1NYKgmuGz7IYY23Veb86Xays4rqY.nub3TpwUgWuh4aXzeVvCxSVfKVkg84gYeIMwf4kbChfDehgBaMXcSu_VbOJO7Z_r5f2i34XmdEpjF7EC3YK4DSCtiXT8UdqRUg0KHpSFylBmprRF66AaJmmfUwSUMZ.l.WXIorfAsGEy0Q73mqS47LBurBrvET_ykIefEPpDvgvwoWaw6HgLoQFH0NDTMqh7MCmnT4Upu6E9ycPPMQ6bLmuK0bjFFNQYQqUaTiulznfrTjdqj5BQjfonuuzTAbKmtiQxzpPUEsU0QjrdYomG30Gn4YTznUlq499uOVEq2ggym4CeAZTfgVGr8TJzntu8eMCJToirvxli7lalzSSMU2JwYbc9Hsu8FVROCTKor8dBW3v76AYrelwbWHXncFtrCWHTdrbd6uNZ44KPSloDx1R6z1nABBqD6L9zZZ9lybhmw0X6VirfrYdC6J3IpBHW8zZKvwcGBXzhyxFFtUQFYInWjnJbaFRAAs3h1OoVMdCxOrkyBOHr38W4jeo9zhQvBpQTu_52bFLVPVwIuJYUuif2._pvW32bVUBG9B6hJ9nDJMNOPcyMPbWtFrzs04VIc.NnCijburdHxuq6K6CqZ18jrWvvvHs5b_XSCGws02thXHJeUo9uw5AsG2alWvZIpGucWIE6TbTzvHpVTdfJO9ksBzgqtaVazsfwx9KYJ7DyhI2gum9Vqycm55uSbQm.K2jIwEOmBjeoG8YhA5ekEtSA5pamEKvrOqA7fOYhvOb.8QaRt.jkD.o7yQUALg5fDR4dOXw_J6pMGGo9Hv7Ibz_z2_qrSOdo_I3IURqAYa5oIFWJzhfz1O.9ld1HuuOi_l1cXmlpLPyauJK4140ZlRAfGAdpUMT.7PYoZ8i8lz9uKzOWD0MOXjDHp9Kl6eG_4wbQi3JCvJHq7XPs2xlwTdr_wgClZbCZHjfXO75QeqMb9lkWXQC.K1Vy2S2u9QN_tjrB6xrUGgI.XiQMArMmA4dDUeVLlKmxZ1DkQLBuTANtsLhZt9GYgyHNQfEEsa18HDdY6E_0yaj4UgDl7YHraqh0nlh4DjYYFPnEzq8xZS95nZ5TuWJVdbr6ICVqlx9DuVcMeGIMifXtka6e_wU9dHGMjRK65sLJxFRhl7X5Fvonpsp9UgAPRVi6m9dm7mAGJPp5JClwYsVPoFbYY90HaCL8bf4ockupRQIodEdivXtxO..6BJfpM1IQtmdAqhxtyq9Vy9_9tk0indwdBICDRs73tu4FJ4mI3ux32nVOuEJB7j89frsmq0ruHUn1HBkpM5GlhQpzqXNNh6lHlYVbFNruDFT1._wKaIZbJNBmVS1gYz4gkNx8BK82PnLvEeKH3RtgwN79fj9QjJEmG2pUIc5RZrr04n4n9x70vf9NME.lTn.NTgd2riqfhmnS0uJh1eQaLY6KneRRNNPzJHFL0agyiWRXmn0O9sDW_lVmjKn2juTSHH4F3.Otp2hz09_M0MpcmvsAnuQd9LeB1Gu0W22qNudAxkFIxfodZ9Ep3Aqa61maI0J8QwtDIR3MCl6dKPjn8pgOOSEJAvrDZDk78pjGl_tyDPhgp7c84yuMwCYjltiSnKl8TURW87Y5TXZFh5yiaIr60CKvjT2.VhUE3GMWdo8mp5F5zYWLtSpb7vORL56kd.eqq0UWWiupO2Sn5csI3v"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c6b7238c37f88c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/2372\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=KR8qTePkJj4nKP6W8fYUKkBWZ2zE49EfHMvy5nF9uzY-1741315093-1.0.1.1-UBgpPErIoEYHGQkgU342AcswWp0gtcgg0QWgsH1iB7k" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>