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Deleng sumberé Bis - Wikipédia

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Sembarang kelas kendaraan roda gedhe sing digerakake dhewe sing dirancang kanggo nggawa penumpang, umume ing rute tetep bisa diarani bis. Dikembangake ing awal abad kaping 20, kanggo nyedhiyakake keluwesan rute sing luwih gedhe, iki minangka asil alami saka pelatih sing didorong jaran. Ing wektu saiki, bis ditetepake minangka kendaraan sing bisa nampung luwih saka 10 penumpang.&lt;ref>[https://horariodeonibus.net/historia-do-onibus/ Sajarah Bus]&lt;/ref> == Jinis == === Coach / Motorcoach === Coach utawa motorcoach lumrahé awujud kendaraan sing dirancang kanggo lelungan adoh. Bus iki dipepaki kanthi kursi sing luwih nyaman, sawijiné ruangan kanggo wadhah bagasi, lan mesin sing luwih gedhé. Kendaraan iki lumrahé luwih dhuwur tinimbang bus biyasa, lan dijangkepi nganggo ''AC'', toilet, lan sistem audio/video. Coaches / motorcoach iku kendaraan sing fleksibel lan bisa kanggo pariwisata, lelungan liburan utawa lelungan antar-kutha. === Bus tingkat === [[Gambar:TourBus.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Bus wisata yaiku sawijiné atraksi wisatawan sing umum ing kutha kutha gedhé.]] Bus tingkat dirakit kanthi loro lantai supaya bisa ngamot luwih akèh panumpang. Dikenal minangka péranganing transportasi publik ing [[Jakarta]] lan uga ing sawenèh kutha gedhé liya kaya ta [[London]], [[Mumbai]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Singapura]], [[Dublin]], [[Berlin]], [[Davis, California]], lan [[Victoria, British Columbia]]. Routemaster London yaiku modhel spesifik bis double-decker kang digunakaké wiwit pertengahan taun [[1950]] wis dadi ikon kutha [[London]]. Bis iki duwé platform rear bukaan kanggo metu lumebune penumpang. Sopir manggon ing panggonan mirunggan, béda karo penumpang. Kang njaluki tarif yaiku kondektur bis kang mubeng njaluki marang penumpang. Routemasters sedang ditarik saka rutene banjur digantikekake bis tingkat kang luwih modhèren utawa single-dek bis gandheng (ngisor). Nanging penumpang isih ngarapake anané bis iki kanggo sarute kanggo tujuan warisan. Tambahan dhuwuré kendaraan double-deck ndadèkaké menarik digunakaké tur ing tengah dalan, apamaneh ing kutha-kutha ing sakabehing donya kang ora migunakaké kendaraan double-deck kanggo layanan normal. Bis lumrahé digawé kanthi jendhela gedhé lan / utawa dek dhuwur kang kabuka kanggo nguduhake sudut pandang paling apik saka jero kendaraan. &lt;!-- In area where [[double-decker bus]] operation is not typical, including the [[United States]], there have been numerous experiments using them on high-capacity routes, but often this has proved impractical because the infrastructure (bridges, overhead cables, etc) has not been designed for their additional height. === Bis Gandheng === === Articulated buses === [[Berkas:CTA-articulated-bus.jpg|right|thumb|300px|An articulated bus operated by the [[Chicago Transit Authority|CTA]] in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]]]] [[Articulated bus]]es (also known as a ''artic'', ''bendy bus'' or ''long bus'' in some places) are another permutation for increasing passenger capacity around the world. Found almost exclusively in [[public transport]] use, these buses are so long that they would not otherwise be able to negotiate city traffic. To make them nimble enough they are fitted with an extra pair of wheels and a flexible [[joint]] (usually located slightly behind the midpoint of the bus, behind the second pair of wheels). Some models of articulated buses have a steering arrangement on the rearmost axle which turns slightly in opposition to the front steering axle, which allows the vehicle to negotiate turns in a somewhat crab-like fashion, an arrangement similar to that used on long hook-and-ladder [[fire truck]]s operating in city environs. Some buses have two flexible joints, and these are called bi-articulated. Some rare combinations between double decker and articulated buses also exist, but neither are in common use. === Low-floor buses === [[Low-floor]] buses were developed towards the end of the [[20th century]] and can increasingly be found all over the world. A major design advantage of a low-floor bus is that it generally can more easily be made accessible to mobility-impaired passengers, who may require the use of [[wheelchairs]], canes, or similar devices. The proximity of the bus floor to kerbs or ground level may avoid the need for passengers to either negotiate steps or deploy an elevator (or wheelchair-lift) when boarding and disembarking. Normally, the bus is built with no steps at all, giving a flat floor for wheelchair users to acces the vehicle. In the U.K all buses must be low-floor by 2016, to comply with [[Disability Discrimination Act]] (DDA) Regulations. [[Transport for London]] (TfL) specifies that all service buses are low-floor. === Minibuses === [[Minibus]]es are smaller than the ordinary tourist or public transport bus, and are intended to carry from (about) eight to twenty passengers. Due to their smaller size they are often used on routes with few passengers, on narrow rural roads, or on routes where the service frequency is high. In the 1980's several bus operators in the UK converted to high frequency minibus operation, most notably [[Devon General]]. Some minibuses are built from other vehicles that were not originally designed as buses. Examples include the ''[[songthaew]]s'' of [[Thailand]] (converted from [[pickup truck]]s), the [[Philippines|Filipino]] ''[[jeepney]]'' ([[jeep]]), the Turkish ''[[dolmus]]'' and Israèli ''[[sherut]]'' ([[minivan]]), etc. In many parts of Africa, they are called ''[[matatu]]'', see [[Transportation in Kenya]]. In [[Peru]], minibuses are the most popular means of public transportation and are known as [[Micro (transport)|micros]]. === Trolleybus === A [[trolleybus]] is a bus driven by electricity supplied from [[overhead wire]]s by [[trolley]] poles. === Guided bus === [[Guided bus]]es are steered for part or all of their route by a track or rail. === Shuttle buses === Some buses are termed '''shuttle buses''', or ''shuttles'', after the weaving [[shuttle]], because they operate on a short fixed route making repetitive and frequent trips. Shuttle buses often are used to service two or more transport terminals, such as a rail station, port or airport, or between nearby locations in a traffic-congested area. === Neighbourhood bus === A '''neighbourhood bus''' in the [[Netherlands]], ''buurtbus'', is a complementary public transport service with minibus by [[volunteer]] drivers in [[rural]] areas, where regular public transport is not feasible. --> === Bus sekolah === [[Gambar:Laidlaw school bus.jpg|thumb|300px|Bus Sekolah Laidlaw]] Bus sekolah kanggo ngamot bocah-bocah sekolah saka papan panggonane ([[omah]]) marang [[sekolah]] manawa papan panggenane luwih adoh yèn lumaku. Ing AS bus sekolah padatane duwé warna kusus yaiku [[kuning]] lan dijangkepi karo [[lampu]] peringatan lalu lintas sarta dijangkepi pengaman liyané kang digunakaké nalika para penumpang munggah utawa mudun saka bis. Bus sekolah padatane dioperasekaké nganggo dhistrik sekolah utawa penyedia jasa bus sekolah kang dikontrak. First Student ngenalaké bis-bis kuning ing Karajan Manunggal. Nanging akehé pelayanan bis sekolah ditindakaké kanthi nggunakaké bis-bis biyasa. Ing nagara-nagara liya, bis sekolah ora tansah warna kuning. Buenos Aires, lan kemungkinan uga bis-bis sekolah liyané ing Argentina diwènèhi warna kuning tela lan ditulisi ''escolares''. Ing Jakarta tau dicoba diwanuhaké bus sekolah déning pamrintah [[Jakarta]], nanging proyek iki ora kasil amarga kerep ana penumpang kang dudu murid sekolah uga tumut nggunakaké. Saweneh sekolah swasta ing sawenèh papan ing [[Indonésia]] mènèhi pelayanan bis sekolah kanggo siswa-siswane. === Bus belajar === Bus belajar yaiku sawijiné bis mirunggan kang digunakaké perusahaan bis kanggo nglatih kaprigelan nyupir para sopir bis. Bis iki uga minangka nglatih wong kang péngin dadi sopir bis. Latian nyupir bis ing dalan dadi pérangan kang wigati saka pendhidhikan iki kaya gladhèn nyupiri montor biyasa. == Pranala njaba == * Pratélan Perusahaan Bus. Akèh prusahaan bus ing Indonésia, nanging mung sawatara sing duwé situs wèb, antarané: # [http://www.po-bhinneka.com/ PO.Bhinneka-Sangkuriang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416130727/http://po-bhinneka.com/ |date=2009-04-16 }} # [http://www.bimotransport.com/ Bimo Transport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822024109/http://bimotransport.com/ |date=2009-08-22 }} # [http://www.hibautama.com/ Hiba Utama] # [http://www.kramatdjatigroup.com/ Kramat Djati] # [http://www.lorena-karina.com/ Eka Sari Lorena dan Ryanta Mitra Karina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323195758/http://www.lorena-karina.com/ |date=2009-03-23 }} # [http://www.nu3tara.com/ Nusantara] # [http://www.pahala.co.id/ Pahala Kencana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209021604/http://pahala.co.id/ |date=2009-02-09 }} # [http://www.rosalia-indah.com/ Rosalia Indah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210223435/http://rosalia-indah.com/ |date=2009-02-10 }} # [http://www.safaridharmaraya.com/ OBL Safari Dharma Raya] # [http://www.mavatransbali.com/ Sedya Mulya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404123952/http://www.mavatransbali.com/ |date=2009-04-04 }} # [http://puspajaya.wordpress.com/ Puspa Jaya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428083551/http://puspajaya.wordpress.com/ |date=2010-04-28 }} {{commons category|Buses}} [[Kategori:Transportasi bis| ]] [[Kategori:Bis| ]] [[Kategori:Tunggangan]] {{transportasi-stub}} </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Cithakan kang kaanggo ing kaca iki: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Cithakan:Asbox" title="Cithakan:Asbox">Cithakan:Asbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:Asbox&amp;action=edit" title="Cithakan:Asbox">deleng sumber</a>) (semu kareksa)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Cithakan:Base-stub" class="mw-redirect" title="Cithakan:Base-stub">Cithakan:Base-stub</a> (<a 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