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Sakhaline I — Wikipédia

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for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sakhaline I</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 9 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD-1" title="Сахалин-1 – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сахалин-1" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachalin-1" title="Sachalin-1 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sachalin-1" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachalin_I" title="Sachalin I – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sachalin I" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakhalin-I" title="Sakhalin-I – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sakhalin-I" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B31" title="サハリン1 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サハリン1" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachalin-1" title="Sachalin-1 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sachalin-1" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD-1" title="Сахалин-1 – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сахалин-1" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Sakhaline_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sakhaline (homonymie)">Sakhaline (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete plateforme" style="background-color:#98C8E4;color:black;">Sakhaline I<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r201193745">.mw-parser-output .entete.plateforme{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Picto_Infobox_Oil_Platform.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sakhalin-1_P.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l&#39;article Sakhaline I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sakhalin-1_P.PNG/280px-Sakhalin-1_P.PNG" decoding="async" width="280" height="489" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Sakhalin-1_P.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="712" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#98C8E4; color:#000000">Présentation</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Pays </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Russie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Région </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mer_d%27Okhotsk" title="Mer d&#39;Okhotsk">Mer d'Okhotsk</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Exploitant </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exxon_Neftegas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Exxon Neftegas (page inexistante)">Exxon Neftegas</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Co-exploitants </th> <td>ExxonMobil, Sakhalin Oil &amp; Gas Development, ONGC Videsh, Sakhalinmorneftegas-Shelf, RN-Astra </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><small></small></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #98C8E4 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Champ_d%27hydrocarbures" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Sakhaline I</b> (aussi orthographié <b>Sakhaline-I</b> ou <b>Sakhaline 1</b>) est un projet d'exploration et de production de trois <a href="/wiki/Champ_de_gaz" title="Champ de gaz">champs de gaz</a> offshore en <a href="/wiki/Mer_d%27Okhotsk" title="Mer d&#39;Okhotsk">mer d'Okhotsk</a> au large de l'île de <a href="/wiki/Sakhaline" title="Sakhaline">Sakhaline</a>. Deux autres projets sont en cours dans la même zone, <a href="/wiki/Sakhaline_II" title="Sakhaline II">Sakhaline II</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_III&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakhaline III (page inexistante)">Sakhaline III</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les trois champs de Chayvo, Odoptu et Arkutun-Dagi ont été découverts dans les <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1980" title="Années 1980">années 1980</a> mais leur potentiel n'avait pas été évalué précisément. En <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>, un consortium de majors internationales a signé un accord de partage de production (PSA) avec le concessionnaire des champs, la fédération de Russie et le gouvernement de Sakhaline. Des techniques avancées d'acquisition en 3D ont permis en <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a> d'évaluer une taille de gisement supérieure aux premières estimations des années 1980, rendant l'exploitation du projet, bien qu'en environnement hostile, rentable. Depuis, des forages d'une profondeur record ont été réalisés et un <a href="/wiki/Gazoduc" title="Gazoduc">gazoduc</a> acheminant le gaz vers le port de De-Kastri (puis vers les marchés asiatiques) à travers le <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9troit_de_Tartarie" class="mw-redirect" title="Détroit de Tartarie">détroit de Tartarie</a> est en cours de construction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membres_du_consortium">Membres du consortium</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Membres du consortium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Membres du consortium"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>30,0&#160;% - <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a></li> <li>30,0&#160;% - Sakhalin Oil &amp; Gas Development (Japon)</li> <li>20,0&#160;% - <a href="/wiki/Oil_and_natural_gas_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil and natural gas corporation">ONGC</a> Videsh (Inde)</li> <li>11,5&#160;% - Sakhalinmorneftegas-Shelf (Russie)</li> <li>8,5&#160;% - RN-Astra (Russie)</li></ul> <p>Les partenaires russes Sakhalinmorneftegas-Shelf et RN-Astra sont des filiales de <a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les participants du Sakhalin Oil &amp; Gas Development sont le <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_japonais" title="Gouvernement japonais">gouvernement japonais</a> (50%), <a href="/wiki/Itochu" title="Itochu">Itochu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=JAPEX&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="JAPEX (page inexistante)">JAPEX</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAPEX" class="extiw" title="en:JAPEX"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;JAPEX&#160;»">(en)</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Marubeni" title="Marubeni">Marubeni</a> et <a href="/wiki/Inpex" title="Inpex">Inpex</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nippon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nippon-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>À la suite de l'<a href="/wiki/Invasion_de_l%27Ukraine_par_la_Russie_en_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion de l&#39;Ukraine par la Russie en 2022">invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022</a>, ExxonMobil Corporation a annoncé son retrait du projet en mars 2022<sup id="cite_ref-Nippon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nippon-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controverses_environnementales">Controverses environnementales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Controverses environnementales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Controverses environnementales"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’<a href="/wiki/UICN" class="mw-redirect" title="UICN">UICN</a> a identifié les risques que l’activité de prospection pétrolière et gazière dans cette région, ainsi que le trafic maritime associé, font peser sur les <a href="/wiki/Baleine_grise" title="Baleine grise">baleines grises</a> et leur zone de reproduction<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sakhalin1.ru/en/project/overview.asp">Project Information Overview</a> - Site officiel du projet</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nippon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Nippon_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Nippon_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/fr/japan-data/h01321/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Projet Sakhaline&#160;: exploration et production de gaz offshore russe impliquant le Japon</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Nippon.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-06-11" data-sort-value="2022-06-11">11 juin 2022</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-07-11" data-sort-value="2022-07-11">11 juillet 2022</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2015">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucn.org/wgwap/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Home</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">IUCN</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-10-21" data-sort-value="2015-10-21">21 octobre 2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-08-31" data-sort-value="2020-08-31">31 août 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="http&#58;//www.iucn.org"><span class="ouvrage" id="IUCN,_http&#58;//www.iucn.org">IUCN, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iucn.org">http://www.iucn.org</a>, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20100611000000/http://www.iucn.org/wgwap/about_the_initiative/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">IUCN - About the Initiative</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">iucn.org via <a href="/wiki/Wikiwix" title="Wikiwix">Wikiwix</a></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-06-21" data-sort-value="2023-06-21">21 juin 2023</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhaline_I&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sakhalinenergy.com/en/">Site du consortium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sakhalin1.com/">Site officiel du projet Sakhaline-1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/sakhalin.html">Données de l'EIA sur le projet Sakhalin</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Russie" title="Portail de la Russie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/66px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Russie" title="Portail:Russie">Portail de la Russie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89nergie_fossile" title="Portail des énergies fossiles"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Oil_Barrel_graphic.png/24px-Oil_Barrel_graphic.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Oil_Barrel_graphic.png/36px-Oil_Barrel_graphic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Oil_Barrel_graphic.png/48px-Oil_Barrel_graphic.png 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="646" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89nergie_fossile" title="Portail:Énergie fossile">Portail des énergies fossiles</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐cnx88 Cached time: 20241124172929 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.158 seconds Real time usage: 0.264 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1250/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17168/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2704/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3833/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.065/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4035461/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 230.642 1 -total 37.13% 85.638 1 Modèle:Infobox_Champ_d'hydrocarbures 23.33% 53.803 1 Modèle:Reflist 19.34% 44.603 3 Modèle:Lien_web 18.55% 42.780 1 Modèle:Homonyme 17.29% 39.883 1 Modèle:Méta_bandeau_de_note 16.66% 38.434 1 Modèle:Méta_bandeau 14.24% 32.833 1 Modèle:Infobox/Ligne_mixte_latitude_longitude_optionnelle 12.95% 29.857 1 Modèle:Portail 5.37% 12.387 1 Modèle:Lien --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiki:pcache:idhash:4067731-0!canonical and timestamp 20241124172929 and revision id 210724678. 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