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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>The Secular Jurisdiction of Monasteries in Anglo-Norman and Angevin England - Kevin Lee Shirley - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Secular_Jurisdiction_of_Monasteries.html?id=KlYrtS1H-EYC"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Secular_Jurisdiction_of_Monasteries.html?id=KlYrtS1H-EYC"/><meta name="title" content="The Secular Jurisdiction of Monasteries in Anglo-Norman and Angevin England"/><meta name="description" content="Study of the opration of the monastic honor court affords new insights into the evolution of royal justice in Anglo-Norman and Angevin England. After William the Conqueror imposed upon English monastic houses an obligation to provide knights for the king's army, their new lay military and judicial responsibilities required them to organize honor courts. Because abbots were not merely leaders of religious houses but also honorial lords presiding over secular justice, a study of the monastic honor court affords new insights into the evolution of royal justice in Anglo-Norman and Angevin England. Tribunals of monastic houses answered questions on the knights' tenures and services, assessed and enforced military obligations, and resolved tenants' disputes. Under the Conqueror's sons, monastic lords in England regularly lookedto their king for support in preserving and protecting their jurisdiction, and the Anglo-Norman kings responded favorably. Under the Angevin kings, however, administrative reforms altered the nature of the honorial court and hastened the decline of the monastic honor court in the thirteenth century. KEVIN L. SHIRLEY teaches in the Department of History, LaGrange College. ContentsThe Monastic Honour Court; Monasteries and the County Courts; The Monasteries and the Curia Regis: The Anglo-Norman period, 1066-1154; The Monasteries and the Curia Regis: The reign of Henry II, 1154-1189; The Monasteries and the Curia Regis: The reigns of Richard I and John, 1189-1216; Conclusion."/><meta property="og:title" content="The Secular Jurisdiction of Monasteries in Anglo-Norman and Angevin England"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=KlYrtS1H-EYC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE72Y5gHe1qFO6VkHisSEpb0vp43QNe_5gKebjayIAhL29bGj7dG1subR6MnBlv-Wl4l6Y4oaV_C1NqpVg9GQtkKyNGynR17yev_3zmo3OgBpH3LC0AcEdGVElm1miWU9_eD48gky"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=KlYrtS1H-EYC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE72Y5gHe1qFO6VkHisSEpb0vp43QNe_5gKebjayIAhL29bGj7dG1subR6MnBlv-Wl4l6Y4oaV_C1NqpVg9GQtkKyNGynR17yev_3zmo3OgBpH3LC0AcEdGVElm1miWU9_eD48gky"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DKlYrtS1H-EYC%26q%3Dbarons%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=KlYrtS1H-EYC&q=barons&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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Secular Jurisdiction of Monasteries in Anglo-Norman and Angevin England","subtitle":"","attribution":"By Kevin Lee Shirley","additional_info":{"[JsonBookInfo]":{"BuyLinks":[{"Seller":"Boydell 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","Pid":"PA1","PgNum":"1","Order":18},{"Title":"The Monastic Honor Court ","Pid":"PA15","PgNum":"15","Order":32},{"Title":"The Monasteries and the County Courts ","Pid":"PA34","PgNum":"34","Order":51},{"Title":"The AngloNorman Period 10661154 ","Pid":"PA55","PgNum":"55","Order":72},{"Title":"The Reign of Henry II 11541189 ","Pid":"PA80","PgNum":"80","Order":97},{"Title":"The Reigns of Richard I and John 11891216 ","Pid":"PA115","PgNum":"115","Order":132},{"Title":"Trends ","Pid":"PA150","PgNum":"150","Order":167},{"Title":"Conclusion ","Pid":"PA158","PgNum":"158","Order":175},{"Title":"Index ","Pid":"PA177","PgNum":"177","Order":194}]}},"table_of_contents_page_id":"PP11","max_resolution_image_width":1280,"max_resolution_image_height":2003,"num_toc_pages":1,"quality_info":"This book has a few quality issues.\u003cbr/\u003eOne page has major problems.","volume_id":"KlYrtS1H-EYC","permission_info":"Pages displayed by permission of \u003ca class=link_aux href=\"https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=KlYrtS1H-EYC\u0026pg=PA146\u0026q=http://www.boydell.co.uk\u0026clientid=ca-print-boydell_press\u0026linkid=1\u0026usg=AOvVaw0a53wbAczy4YdjsAzXjp4t\u0026source=gbs_pub_info_r\"\u003eBoydell Press\u003c/a\u003e","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"publisher":"Boydell Press","publication_date":"2004","subject":"History","num_pages":184,"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=KlYrtS1H-EYC\u0026source=gbs_vpt_hover","synposis":"Study of the opration of the monastic honor court affords new insights into the evolution of royal justice in Anglo-Norman and Angevin England. After William the Conqueror imposed upon English monastic houses an obligation to provide knights for the king's army, their new lay military and judicial responsibilities required them to organize honor courts. Because abbots were not merely leaders of religious houses but also honorial lords presiding over secular justice, a study of the monastic honor court affords new insights into the evolution of royal justice in Anglo-Norman and Angevin England. Tribunals of monastic houses answered questions on the knights' tenures and services, assessed and enforced military obligations, and resolved tenants' disputes. Under the Conqueror's sons, monastic lords in England regularly lookedto their king for support in preserving and protecting their jurisdiction, and the Anglo-Norman kings responded favorably. Under the Angevin kings, however, administrative reforms altered the nature of the honorial court and hastened the decline of the monastic honor court in the thirteenth century. KEVIN L. SHIRLEY teaches in the Department of History, LaGrange College. ContentsThe Monastic Honour Court; Monasteries and the County Courts; The Monasteries and the Curia Regis: The Anglo-Norman period, 1066-1154; The Monasteries and the Curia Regis: The reign of Henry II, 1154-1189; The Monasteries and the Curia Regis: The reigns of Richard I and John, 1189-1216; Conclusion.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DKlYrtS1H-EYC%26q%3Dbarons%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PA146","highlights":[{"X":242,"Y":102,"W":39,"H":13},{"X":95,"Y":118,"W":39,"H":13},{"X":383,"Y":586,"W":39,"H":14},{"X":263,"Y":634,"W":39,"H":14}],"flags":8,"order":163,"vq":"barons"}]},null,{"number_of_results":41,"search_results":[{"page_id":"PA5","page_number":"5","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e . The establishment of feudal tenures with the responsibility for providing knights to the king brought the ... \u003cb\u003ebaronial\u003c/b\u003e jurisdiction , whether a lay \u003cb\u003ebaron\u003c/b\u003e or ecclesiastical lord presided . The court often convened in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA6","page_number":"6","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebaronial\u003c/b\u003e , franchisal , manorial , or honorial often found practical expression within the confines of the monas ... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e [ knights ] of the abbey of Abingdon : commanding that they keep the king\u0026#39;s guard at Windsor \u0026quot; .35 In this\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA8","page_number":"8","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e \u0026#39; feudal jurisdiction . S.E. Thorne , however , saw continued importance for the personal tie between lord and vassal . For him , issues of property and inheritance were completely dependent upon the lord\u0026#39;s willingness to invest\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA17","page_number":"17","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e of the church regularly attended his curia . The witnesses to a judgment dating from 1118 in the court of Peterborough Abbey included knights of the honor , \u0026#39; men of sub- stance \u0026#39; , knights of the soke , and freemen . Often\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA18","page_number":"18","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e \u0026#39; of the abbey only rarely appear by name . The Abingdon chronicler rarely spent his energy listing the witnesses of the many cases that he included in his work . On one occasion , however , he specifically refers to Rainbald , a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA34","page_number":"34","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e of the five shires convene to resolve the dispute . Monasteries regularly appeared in the county courts of England after the Conquest . Their litigation was pivotal , in fact , in the regularization of royal involvement in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA35","page_number":"35","snippet_text":"... , ed . Adolphus Ballard , Records of the Social and Economic History of England and Wales , vol . IV ( London , 1920 ) , 4 . 9 Regesta , i , no . 88 . again via writ , to his \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e in 1071 ordering THE MONASTERIES AND THE COUNTY COURTS 35."},{"page_id":"PA36","page_number":"36","snippet_text":"Kevin Lee Shirley. again via writ , to his \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e in 1071 ordering the sheriffs to investigate and restore all lands alienated either voluntarily or involuntarily by England\u0026#39;s bishops and abbots.10 The only previous documented contact\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA39","page_number":"39","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e and men \u0026quot; of the province had concluded that not only he , but his ancestors , had unjustly held this manor.33 This dispute was finally resolved only when Ranulf decided to join the fraternity of the church . As early as 1127\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA42","page_number":"42","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e , to St Peter\u0026#39;s Abbey , Gloucester , at the king\u0026#39;s request.57 St Peter\u0026#39;s was a \u0026quot; frontier establishment \u0026quot; near the Welsh marches that enjoyed the king\u0026#39;s special patronage . Throughout his reign , the abbot of St Peter\u0026#39;s was Serlo\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA46","page_number":"46","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e including Walter fitz Robert , dapifer , Reginald de Warenne , Fulk de Oilly , Hugh fitz Eudo , William de Chetney and Henry de Ry . There a young man testified that Robert fitz Wibert , for whom he was a servant , and Adam de\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA47","page_number":"47","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e in attendance confirmed Herve\u0026#39;s testimony , William Martel reported the court\u0026#39;s judgment to the king . Stephen accepted the judgment of the county and ordered the abbot to set a date for the matter to be resolved in his court\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA55","page_number":"55","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e , bishops and magnates attended , or an assembly consisting only of mainly household officials immediately in attendance on the king . As the ultimate source of justice , a wide variety of cases must have come before the curia\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA59","page_number":"59","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e were also prepared to concede the point . When the \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e of the court refused , it was agreed that the dispute should be heard in the court of Battle.20 The appointed day arrived and , as was so often the case , the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA70","page_number":"70","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e of the kingdom ( et multis regis baronibus ) . In his court , convened at the order of Henry I , Faricius convinced those assembled that the earl owed service to the church of Abingdon for the manor of Linford . It was then\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA71","page_number":"71","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e of Abingdon to keep the king\u0026#39;s guard at Windsor as their predecessors had done and as Faricius had ordered . The king went on to complain that it greatly annoyed him ( multum me piget ) that they had not obeyed the abbot\u0026#39;s\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA73","page_number":"73","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e that he had restored to Ramsey the lands in question.86 Henry also issued a writ addressed directly to Hugh de Worcester and Roger la Velie ordering them to give up the disputed lands as it had been adjudged in his presence.87\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA74","page_number":"74","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e of Ramsey Abbey appeared before the king and declared in his presence that William Pecche and his wife had rights to Over only for their lives and in return for a yearly rent of six pounds . Henry then ordered that the land\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA77","page_number":"77","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e of the eight - and - a - half hundreds of Bury ordering them to maintain the court of the abbot and to answer for their service before the abbot in his court.112 Clearly , Stephen counted upon the abbot of Bury St Edmunds to ful\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA84","page_number":"84","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e and knights of Bury in order to obtain oaths of homage from all his men . One of them , Thomas de Hastings , came to the court with a 10 Abingdon , ii , 188 . 11 Abingdon , ii , 225-6 . 12 Abingdon , ii , 170–1 . 13 Robert\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA85","page_number":"85","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e of Bury decided to postpone the decision . until a later date . Subsequently , one Gilbert , described by the chronicler as a \u0026quot; simple and ignorant \u0026quot; man , was presented by Thomas to Samson as his stew- ard . Samson accepted this\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA86","page_number":"86","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e before recognizing Samson\u0026#39;s right.19 Clearly , as the son of a well - established East Anglian family , related to the earl of Oxford , and with extensive holdings throughout the country , Aubrey could afford to take the time to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA88","page_number":"88","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e of the abbey , but the hundred as well . The abbot moved his court , which included the brethren , to Twywell the following week ; and there before the honorial \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e , monks , and the hundred , Robert and his entire family quit\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA90","page_number":"90","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e . Abbot Robert , realizing that papal influence was not going to accomplish his 35 Sanders , Baronies , 12 . 36 Gesta St Albans , i , 63 . 37 Gesta St Albans , i , 159–66 , English Lawsuits ii , no . 396 . 38 Gesta Abbatum , i\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA95","page_number":"95","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e of the abbey , he convinced Robert to quit his claim to Boar\u0026#39;s Hill . The chronicler makes the point that Robert and his heirs came before the convent and confirmed their quitclaim before the altar of the church , formally\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA97","page_number":"97","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebaron\u003c/b\u003e . But if each of them appeal con- cerning this fief to the same bishop or \u003cb\u003ebaron\u003c/b\u003e , the plea shall be heard in the lat- ter\u0026#39;s court , in such wise that he who was originally in possession shall not lose 67 Abingdon , ii , 237 . 68\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA115","page_number":"115","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebaron\u003c/b\u003e , lord , father , and spiritual pilgrim all at once . The demands placed upon them were substantial , and both ... \u003cb\u003ebaronial\u003c/b\u003e honor The Reigns of Richard I and John, 1189-1216."},{"page_id":"PA116","page_number":"116","snippet_text":"Kevin Lee Shirley. royal justice made it far more attractive than \u003cb\u003ebaronial\u003c/b\u003e honor courts to those wishing to bring ... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e and Lyon , Constitutional and Legal History , 234 ; John Gillingham , Richard Coeur De Lion : Kingship\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA121","page_number":"121","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e , especially their judicial privileges . The twelfth century saw the notion of \u0026#39; service \u0026#39; owed by a tenant in return for holding his land steadily changing . Traditionally services due to the lord from a tenant could include a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA127","page_number":"127","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebaron\u003c/b\u003e in his own right , as in the series of legal clashes between the abbot of St Albans and the ambitious \u003cb\u003ebaron\u003c/b\u003e Robert fitz Walter . During the reign of Richard I , Robert fitz Walter had gained control of two baronies : Little Dunmow\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA132","page_number":"132","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e and faithful men of Sussex and Middlesex , greeting . Know that Herbert abbot of Westminster ( 1121-1136 ) before my \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e at the exchequer by their judgment deraigned the land of Parham and Mapelford against Herbert fitz\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA134","page_number":"134","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e , that Osbern and Adam had seisin of the land by his court\u0026#39;s judgment . Hugh was forced to appear before the justices of the Exchequer where he was amerced for false 93 English Lawsuits , ii , no . 631 . 94 CRR , iii , 175 , 237\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA141","page_number":"141","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e \u0026#39; complaints against John in 1215 was his unquenchable thirst for funds , particularly after 1204 , for his virtually non- stop efforts at regaining his continental possessions . Nevertheless , he was simply acting within the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA142","page_number":"142","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebaron\u003c/b\u003e . 140 While abbots paid or pledged large sums of money for the king\u0026#39;s support and intervention in a case , the actual cost of the possessory writ was generally not very high , often as little as one half - mark ( or six shillings\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA145","page_number":"145","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e , however , felt that this system was prejudiced against them , for it placed limits upon their options as tenants - in - chief of the king . King John was both the font of all justice and the lord from whom they held their bar\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA146","page_number":"146","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e , generating resentment among his monastic \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e as well , was his pressure on them to accept increases in their contri- butions to royal revenues threatening their feudal privileges.165 The Cistercians were especially hard hit\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA148","page_number":"148","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e , ensur- ing that cases should go directly to their courts rather than having to be reclaimed \u0026quot; . 180 To ... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e , both lay and monastic . Custom dictated that lords had a right to give justice to the tenants of their\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA150","page_number":"150","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e tried to force their tenants back into their courts through the disciplinary tool of distraint : seizure of their property.2 Susan Reynolds argues that in the thirteenth century , people complained that their lords were making\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA155","page_number":"155","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e \u0026#39; grievances outlined in January 1264 at Amiens , Henry III had violated clause 40 of Magna Carta ( which declared that the king shall not \u0026quot; sell , deny or delay right or justice \u0026quot; ) by denying justice to victims of his aliens\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA159","page_number":"159","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebarons\u003c/b\u003e and royal power in Anglo - Norman England than has previously been assumed . The kings of England believed they had a special right to protect and support the church , and the abbots believed it was in the best interests of their\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA166","page_number":"166","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eBaronial\u003c/b\u003e Movement of Reform and Rebellion , 1258-1267 . Oxford : Clarendon Press , 1973 Turner , G.J. and T.FT. Plucknett , eds . Brevia Placitata . Publications of the Selden Society , volume LXVI , for the year 1947. London : The\u0026nbsp;..."}],"search_query_escaped":"barons"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>