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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Estrella_Polar" title="Operación Estrella Polar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Operación Estrella Polar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Poliarna%C3%AFa_Zvezda" title="Opération Poliarnaïa Zvezda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opération Poliarnaïa Zvezda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Stella_Polare" title="Operazione Stella Polare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Operazione Stella Polare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacja_Polarna_Gwiazda" title="Operacja Polarna Gwiazda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Operacja Polarna Gwiazda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Estrela_Polar" title="Operação Estrela Polar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Operação Estrela Polar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="Операция «Полярная Звезда» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Операция «Полярная Звезда»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaatio_Poljarnaja_Zvezda" title="Operaatio Poljarnaja Zvezda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Operaatio Poljarnaja Zvezda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="Операція «Полярна Зірка» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Операція «Полярна Зірка»" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q561899#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks 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.hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Операция «Полярная Звезда»">the corresponding article</a> in Russian</b>.  <i><small>(January 2021)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Операция «Полярная Звезда»]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|ru|Операция «Полярная Звезда»}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Operation_Polar_Star" title="Talk:Operation Polar Star">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="uk:Операція «Полярна Зірка»">the corresponding article</a> in Ukrainian</b>.  <i><small>(May 2023)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ukrainian Wikipedia article at [[:uk:Операція «Полярна Зірка»]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|uk|Операція «Полярна Зірка»}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Operation_Polar_Star" title="Talk:Operation Polar Star">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Polar Star</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Polar_Star_WW2.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Operation_Polar_Star_WW2.PNG/300px-Operation_Polar_Star_WW2.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Operation_Polar_Star_WW2.PNG/450px-Operation_Polar_Star_WW2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Operation_Polar_Star_WW2.PNG/600px-Operation_Polar_Star_WW2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="704" /></a></span><br />Soviet plan for Operation Polar Star in the context of the wider offensive in the northern and central parts of the front.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>10 February 1943 – 1 April 1943</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Southern shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ladoga" title="Lake Ladoga">Lake Ladoga</a>, near present-day <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> and near <a href="/wiki/Demyansk" title="Demyansk">Demyansk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <ul><li>Soviet operational failure</li> <li>Soviet forces recapture Demyansk salient</li> <li>Limited Soviet success</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_K%C3%BCchler" title="Georg von Küchler">Georg von Küchler</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov" title="Georgy Zhukov">Georgy Zhukov</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_North" title="Army Group North">Army Group North</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Front" title="Leningrad Front">Leningrad Front</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Volkhov_Front" title="Volkhov Front">Volkhov Front</a><br /> <a 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Front" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Axis%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Axis–Soviet War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Axis%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Axis–Soviet War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Axis%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Axis–Soviet War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Front" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Naval warfare</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea_campaigns_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Baltic Sea campaigns (1939–1945)">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_campaigns_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Black Sea campaigns (1941–1944)">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_naval_operations_of_World_War_II" title="Arctic naval operations of World War II">Arctic Ocean</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1941</dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Barbarossa</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Brest_Fortress" title="Defense of Brest Fortress">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bia%C5%82ystok%E2%80%93Minsk" title="Battle of Białystok–Minsk">Białystok–Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_operation" title="Baltic operation">1st Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brody_(1941)" title="Battle of Brody (1941)">Brody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Operation München">Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Smolensk_(1941)" title="Battle of Smolensk (1941)">1st Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uman" title="Battle of Uman">Uman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odessa" title="Siege of Odessa">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">1st Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_evacuation_of_Tallinn" title="Soviet evacuation of Tallinn">Tallinn</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Leningrad</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sea_of_Azov" title="Battle of the Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="First Battle of Kharkov">1st Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_campaign" title="Crimean campaign">1st Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rostov_(1941)" title="Battle of Rostov (1941)">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Gorky</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Moscow</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Kerch_Peninsula" title="Battle of the Kerch Peninsula">Kerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare_during_Operation_Barbarossa" title="Aerial warfare during Operation Barbarossa">Air war 1941</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1942</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyuban" title="Battle of Lyuban">Lyuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barvenkovo%E2%80%93Lozovaya_offensive" title="Barvenkovo–Lozovaya offensive">Barvenkovo–Lozovaya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Rzhev" title="Battles of Rzhev">Rzhev</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets%E2%80%93Kholm_offensive" title="Toropets–Kholm offensive">Toropets–Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyansk_Pocket" title="Demyansk Pocket">Demyansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholm_Pocket" title="Kholm Pocket">Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bamberg" title="Operation Bamberg">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Second Battle of Kharkov">2nd Kharkov</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Case Blue</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Caucasus" title="Battle of the Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev–Sychyovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinyavino_offensive_(1942)" title="Sinyavino offensive (1942)">Sinyavino</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velikiye_Luki" title="Battle of Velikiye Luki">Velikiye Luki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mars" title="Operation Mars"><i>Mars</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Little_Saturn" title="Operation Little Saturn"><i>Little Saturn</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1943</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iskra" title="Operation Iskra"><i>Iskra</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogozhsk%E2%80%93Rossosh_offensive" title="Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive">Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh%E2%80%93Kharkov_offensive" title="Voronezh–Kharkov offensive">Voronezh–Kharkov</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Polar Star</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Third Battle of Kharkov">3rd Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Gorky Blitz</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Kursk</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_strategic_offensive_(July_1943)" title="Donbas strategic offensive (July 1943)">1st Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod%E2%80%93Kharkov_offensive_operation" title="Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation">Belgorod-Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_strategic_offensive_(August_1943)" title="Donbas strategic offensive (August 1943)">2nd Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">2nd Smolensk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lenino" title="Battle of Lenino">Lenino</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Dnieper</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nevel_(1943)" title="Battle of Nevel (1943)">Nevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">2nd Kiev</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1944</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper%E2%80%93Carpathian_offensive" title="Dnieper–Carpathian offensive">Dnieper–Carpathian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad%E2%80%93Novgorod_offensive" title="Leningrad–Novgorod offensive">Leningrad–Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_offensive" title="Crimean offensive">2nd Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="First Jassy–Kishinev offensive">1st Jassy–Kishinev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive" title="Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive">Karelia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Bagration</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lvov-Sandomierz_Offensive" title="Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive">Lvov–Sandomierz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Doppelkopf" title="Operation Doppelkopf">Doppelkopf</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">2nd Jassy–Kishinev</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dukla_Pass" title="Battle of the Dukla Pass">Dukla Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_offensive" title="Baltic offensive">2nd Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debrecen" title="Battle of Debrecen">Debrecen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petsamo%E2%80%93Kirkenes_offensive" title="Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive">Petsamo–Kirkenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courland_Pocket" title="Courland Pocket">Courland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen_Operation" title="Gumbinnen Operation">Gumbinnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Budapest</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1945</dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Carpathian_offensive" title="Western Carpathian offensive">Western Carpathian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prussian_offensive" title="East Prussian offensive">East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_offensives" title="Silesian offensives">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breslau" title="Siege of Breslau">Breslau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solstice" title="Operation Solstice"><i>Solstice</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_offensive" title="East Pomeranian offensive">East Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Lake Balaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravia%E2%80%93Ostrava_offensive" title="Moravia–Ostrava offensive">Moravia–Ostrava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Berlin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prague_uprising" title="Prague uprising">Prague uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leningrad_and_the_Baltics_1941–44" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Leningrad_and_Baltics_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Template:Campaignbox Leningrad and Baltics 1941–1944"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Leningrad_and_Baltics_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Leningrad and Baltics 1941–1944"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Leningrad_and_Baltics_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Leningrad and Baltics 1941–1944"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leningrad_and_the_Baltics_1941–44" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Leningrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">the Baltics</a> 1941–44</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1941</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">June in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_strategic_defensive" title="Leningrad strategic defensive">Strategic defensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_evacuation_of_Tallinn" title="Soviet evacuation of Tallinn">Evacuation of Tallinn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad"><b>Leningrad</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oranienbaum_Bridgehead" title="Oranienbaum Bridgehead"><i>Oranienbaum</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhvin_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikhvin Offensive">Tikhvin</a></li></ul> <p><b>1942</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyuban" title="Battle of Lyuban">Lyuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets%E2%80%93Kholm_offensive" title="Toropets–Kholm offensive">Toropets–Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyansk_Pocket" title="Demyansk Pocket">Demyansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholm_Pocket" title="Kholm Pocket">Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinyavino_offensive_(1942)" title="Sinyavino offensive (1942)">Sinyavino</a></li></ul> <p><b>1943</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iskra" title="Operation Iskra"><i>Iskra</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Polar Star</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasny_Bor" title="Battle of Krasny Bor">Krasny Bor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mga_offensive" title="Mga offensive">Mga</a></li></ul> <p><b>1944</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad%E2%80%93Novgorod_offensive" title="Leningrad–Novgorod offensive">Relief of Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive" title="Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive">Karelian Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_offensive" title="Vilnius offensive">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai_offensive" title="Šiauliai offensive">Šiauliai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas_offensive" title="Kaunas offensive">Kaunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_offensive" title="Tartu offensive">Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga_offensive_(1944)" title="Riga offensive (1944)">Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonsund_operation" title="Moonsund operation">Moonsund Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Memel" title="Battle of Memel">Memel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courland_Pocket" title="Courland Pocket">Courland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operation_Polar_Star" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Operation_Polar_Star" title="Template:Campaignbox Operation Polar Star"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Operation_Polar_Star" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Operation Polar Star"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Operation_Polar_Star" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Operation Polar Star"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Operation_Polar_Star" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">Operation Polar Star</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasny_Bor" title="Battle of Krasny Bor">Krasny Bor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Smerdinya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Smerdinya (page does not exist)">Smerdynia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gorodok-Sinyavino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Gorodok-Sinyavino (page does not exist)">Gorodok-Sinyavino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Demyansk_(1943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Demyansk (1943)">Demyansk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staraya-Russa_Offensive_(1943)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staraya-Russa Offensive (1943) (page does not exist)">Staraya Russa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Operation Polar Star</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Операция Полярная звезда, <i>Operatsia Polyarnaya Zvezda</i>) was an operation conducted by the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Front" title="Leningrad Front">Leningrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkhov_Front" title="Volkhov Front">Volkhov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Front" title="Northwestern Front">Northwestern Fronts</a> in February and March 1943. The operation was planned by <a href="/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov" title="Georgy Zhukov">Georgy Zhukov</a> in the wake of the successful <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iskra" title="Operation Iskra">Operation Iskra</a> and envisaged two separate encirclements. One was to be carried out in the north by the Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts near Mga and one was planned to be carried out further to the south, by the Northwestern Front, near Demyansk. </p><p>The operation succeeded in recapturing the Demyansk salient but failed to encircle the German forces. The northern part of the operation failed, without gaining much ground. With the battles in the south near <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Third Battle of Kharkov">Kharkov</a> and, later, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Kursk</a> using reinforcements for both sides, the frontline near Leningrad stabilised until July 1943. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Polar_Star&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German's successful evacuation of the <a href="/wiki/Demyansk_Pocket" title="Demyansk Pocket">Demyansk salient</a> before the battle shortened the frontline enough to build several new defensive lines, bringing the eventual Soviet offensive to a halt. Although <a href="/wiki/Zhukov" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhukov">Zhukov</a> made several attempts to reinvigorate the offensive throughout March, it was clear his fronts were too exhausted to advance further. The spring thaw marked the end of major battles on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Front of World War II">Eastern Front</a> until July. The defences of Army Group North were later broken in January 1944, during the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad%E2%80%93Novgorod_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive">Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive</a>. </p><p>The relative failure of the operation compared to successes at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a> or <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Operation Bagration</a> resulted in silence on the topic after the war. Neither Zhukov's or <a href="/wiki/Meretskov" class="mw-redirect" title="Meretskov">Meretskov</a>'s memoirs make any mention of the operation or even of any specific fighting in the area after 18 January, the day the blockade of Leningrad finally ended. Zhukov's memoirs include only a short mention of the recapture of the Demyansk salient without any word on his role on the operation and then quickly focuses upon the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a>. </p><p>Army Group North, despite holding the line, was not in a good position. With other endangered fronts a priority for the Heer and with the <a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a> ending hostilities north of Leningrad, Group North was increasingly isolated and stretched thin. The end of the blockade of Leningrad moreover, increased the armament strength of previously isolated Soviet forces. The army group's strength would continue to drop throughout 1943, while the opposing Soviet forces would grow in strength. The growing disparity in strength eventually allowed new offenses to break the German line in 1944. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Polar_Star&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlantz2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Glantz" class="mw-redirect" title="David Glantz">Glantz, David M.</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforleningr00glan"><i>The Battle for Leningrad 1941–1944</i></a></span>. Kansas University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-1208-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-1208-4"><bdi>0-7006-1208-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Leningrad+1941%26ndash%3B1944&rft.pub=Kansas+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7006-1208-4&rft.aulast=Glantz&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleforleningr00glan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Polar+Star" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlantz2009" class="citation book cs1">Glantz, David M. (2009). <i>After Stalingrad: The Red Army's Winter Offensive 1942-1943</i>. Helion and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906033-26-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906033-26-2"><bdi>978-1-906033-26-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+Stalingrad%3A+The+Red+Army%27s+Winter+Offensive+1942-1943&rft.pub=Helion+and+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-906033-26-2&rft.aulast=Glantz&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Polar+Star" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFИсаев2006" class="citation book cs1">Исаев, Алексей Валерьевич (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://militera.lib.ru/h/isaev_av6/"><i>Когда внезапности уже не было. История ВОВ, которую мы не знали. (in Russian)</i></a>. М. Яуза, Эксмо. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-699-11949-3" title="Special:BookSources/5-699-11949-3"><bdi>5-699-11949-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%92%2C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8.+%28in+Russian%29&rft.pub=%D0%9C.+%D0%AF%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%2C+%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=5-699-11949-3&rft.aulast=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitera.lib.ru%2Fh%2Fisaev_av6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Polar+Star" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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