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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Kubah+Besi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Kubah+Besi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Keberkesanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keberkesanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Keberkesanan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keberkesanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kubah Besi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 60 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القبة الحديدية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القبة الحديدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99mir_Q%C3%BCbb%C9%99" title="Dəmir Qübbə – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəmir Qübbə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubah_Besi" title="Kubah Besi – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kubah Besi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE" title="আয়রন ডোম – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আয়রন ডোম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thih-kiong" title="Thih-kiong – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thih-kiong" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Жалезны купал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жалезны купал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Железен купол – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Железен купол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BApula_de_Ferro" title="Cúpula de Ferro – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cúpula de Ferro" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDelezn%C3%A1_kopule" title="Železná kopule – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Železná kopule" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernkuplen" title="Jernkuplen – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jernkuplen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iron Dome" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raudkuppel" title="Raudkuppel – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raudkuppel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82_%CE%98%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σιδηρούς Θόλος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιδηρούς Θόλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iron Dome" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BApula_de_Hierro" title="Cúpula de Hierro – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cúpula de Hierro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdinezko_Kupula" title="Burdinezko Kupula – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Burdinezko Kupula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D9%87%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گنبد آهنین – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گنبد آهنین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B4me_de_fer" title="Dôme de fer – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dôme de fer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BApula_de_Ferro" title="Cúpula de Ferro – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cúpula de Ferro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8_%EB%8F%94" title="아이언 돔 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이언 돔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A5_%D5%A3%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%A9" title="Երկաթե գմբեթ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկաթե գմբեթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE" title="आयरन डोम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयरन डोम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezna_kupola" title="Željezna kupola – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Željezna kupola" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupola_di_Ferro" title="Cupola di Ferro – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cupola di Ferro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C" title="כיפת ברזל – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כיפת ברזל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რკინის გუმბათი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რკინის გუმბათი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Iron Dome" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gele%C5%BEinis_kupolas" title="Geležinis kupolas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geležinis kupolas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba_Si%27%C3%B6li" title="Kuba Si'öli – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Kuba Si'öli" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupola_de_Ferr" title="Cupola de Ferr – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cupola de Ferr" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaskupola" title="Vaskupola – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vaskupola" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Железна купола – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Железна купола" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82" title="അയൺ ഡോം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയൺ ഡോം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="القبه الحديديه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القبه الحديديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJzeren_Koepel" title="IJzeren Koepel – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IJzeren Koepel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="アイアンドーム – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイアンドーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iron Dome" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quipat_barzel" title="Quipat barzel – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quipat barzel" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%86_%DA%88%D9%88%D9%85" title="آئرن ڈوم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئرن ڈوم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBelazna_Kopu%C5%82a" title="Żelazna Kopuła – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żelazna Kopuła" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BApula_de_Ferro" title="Cúpula de Ferro – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cúpula de Ferro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iron Dome" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Железный купол – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Железный купол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%86_%DA%88%D9%88%D9%85" title="آئرن ڈوم – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آئرن ڈوم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Iron Dome" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Iron Dome" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipat_barzel" title="Kipat barzel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kipat barzel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گومبەزی ئاسنین – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گومبەزی ئاسنین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Гвоздена купола – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гвоздена купола" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautakupoli" title="Rautakupoli – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rautakupoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iron Dome" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அயன் டோம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அயன் டோம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1" title="ไอเอิร์นโดม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอเอิร์นโดม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B2m_S%E1%BA%AFt" title="Vòm Sắt – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vòm Sắt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Гунбади оҳанин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гунбади оҳанин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir_Kubbe" title="Demir Kubbe – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Demir Kubbe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Залізний купол – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Залізний купол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%86_%DA%88%D9%88%D9%85" title="آئرن ڈوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئرن ڈوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C" title="אייזערנער קופאל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אייזערנער קופאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%81%E7%A9%B9" title="铁穹 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铁穹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81231#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kubah_Besi" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Kubah_Besi" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kubah_Besi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kubah_Besi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Kubah_Besi" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Kubah_Besi" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&oldid=6357147" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Kubah_Besi&id=6357147&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKubah_Besi"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKubah_Besi"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kubah+Besi"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kubah_Besi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iron_Dome" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81231" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="fn org"> Kubah Besi </span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Jenis</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roket,_Artileri_dan_Mortar_Balas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roket, Artileri dan Mortar Balas (laman tidak wujud)">C-RAM</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_pertahanan_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem pertahanan udara (laman tidak wujud)">sistem pertahanan udara</a> jarak pendek<sup id="cite_ref-brochure_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brochure-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Tempat asal</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Sejarah perkhidmatan</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Dalam perkhidmatan</th><td class="infobox-data">2011–kini</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Digunakan oleh</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Pertahanan_Israel" title="Angkatan Pertahanan Israel">Angkatan Pertahanan Israel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Perang</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konflik_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konflik Gaza–Israel (laman tidak wujud)">Konflik Gaza–Israel</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_serangan_roket_Palestin_ke_Israel,_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai serangan roket Palestin ke Israel, 2011 (laman tidak wujud)">2011</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_serangan_roket_Palestin_ke_Israel,_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai serangan roket Palestin ke Israel, 2012 (laman tidak wujud)">2012</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_serangan_roket_Palestin_ke_Israel_pada_2021&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai serangan roket Palestin ke Israel pada 2021 (laman tidak wujud)">2021</a>)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operasi_Pillar_of_Defense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operasi Pillar of Defense (laman tidak wujud)">Operasi Pillar of Defense</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operasi_Protective_Edge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operasi Protective Edge (laman tidak wujud)">Operasi Protective Edge</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebangkitan_Sinai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebangkitan Sinai (laman tidak wujud)">Kebangkitan Sinai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Krisis_Israel-Palestin_2021" title="Krisis Israel-Palestin 2021">Krisis Israel-Palestin 2021</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Sejarah pengeluaran</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Pereka</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems" title="Rafael Advanced Defense Systems">Rafael Advanced Defense Systems</a></li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Israel_Aerospace_Industries" title="Israel Aerospace Industries">Israel Aerospace Industries</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Direka</th><td class="infobox-data">2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Pengeluar</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems" title="Rafael Advanced Defense Systems">Rafael Advanced Defense Systems</a></li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Israel_Aerospace_Industries" title="Israel Aerospace Industries">Israel Aerospace Industries</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Kos unit</th><td class="infobox-data">$50 juta per bateri<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> $100,000–150,000 per pemintas<sup id="cite_ref-episkopos_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-episkopos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Dihasilkan</th><td class="infobox-data">2011–kini</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Jumlah dibina</th><td class="infobox-data">10 bateri dilancarkan<sup id="cite_ref-lappin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lappin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (dirancang 15 bateri dilancarkan)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lazareva_20140710_telegraph_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lazareva_20140710_telegraph-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Spesifikasi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Berat</th><td class="infobox-data">90 kg (200 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-janesMar08_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janesMar08-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Panjang</th><td class="infobox-data">3 m (9.8 ka)<sup id="cite_ref-janesMar08_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janesMar08-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">160 mm (6.3 in)<sup id="cite_ref-janesMar08_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janesMar08-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Detonation<br />mechanism</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fius_kehampiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fius kehampiran (laman tidak wujud)">Fius kehampiran</a><sup id="cite_ref-atSpecs_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atSpecs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Kelajuan</th><td class="infobox-data">Mach 2.2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Platform<br />pelancaran</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Tiga/Empat pelancar, setiap satu dengan 20 pemintas.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kubah Besi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">Ibrani</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">כִּפַּת בַּרְזֶל</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: he is deprecated </span>, <i><span title="Ibrani-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">kippat barzel</i></span></i>) ialah sejenis [sistem pertahanan udara] mudah alih pelbagai cuaca<sup id="cite_ref-atSpecs_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atSpecs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang dibangunkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems" title="Rafael Advanced Defense Systems">Rafael Advanced Defense Systems</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Israel_Aerospace_Industries" title="Israel Aerospace Industries">Israel Aerospace Industries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-janesMar08_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janesMar08-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sistem pertahanan ini direka agar dapat memintas serta memusnahkan <a href="/wiki/Roket" title="Roket">roket</a> julat dekat dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selongsong_meriam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selongsong meriam (laman tidak wujud)">selongsong meriam</a> yang ditembak dari jarak 4 kilometer (km) sehingga 70 km dan bedilan yang mampu mencapai kawasan Israel yang berpenghuni.<sup id="cite_ref-congressUSFA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congressUSFA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel merancang mahu meningkatkan lagi julat pintasan Kubah Besi daripada 70 km sehingga 250 km serta mempelbagaikan lagi keupayaannya agar mampu memintas roket dari dua arah yang berlainan secara serentak.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters16Nov2012_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters16Nov2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keberkesanan">Keberkesanan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Keberkesanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Keberkesanan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejak penggunaan Kubah Besi pada April 2011, sistem ini berjaya memintas roket Katyusha milik tentera Palestin.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada Ogos tahun itu, Kubah Besi memintas 20 peluru berpandu dan roket yang dilancarkan ke Israel. Walaupun begitu, ada satu kes ketika sistem ini memintas empat buah roket yang dilancarkan ke Beersheba tetapi gagal memintas roket kelima, menyebabkan seorang terbunuh sementera beberapa orang lagi tercedera.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam operasi Pillar of Defense pada 2012, keberkesanan Kubah Besi dinilai sebanyak 75 ke 95 peratus oleh pihak Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Dillow_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillow-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut pegawai rasmi, dalam kira-kira seribu misil dan roket yang dilancarkan Hamas sejak permulaan operasi hingga 17 November 2021, Kubah Besi mengenal pasti dua pertiga misil/roket yang dilancarkan sebagai bukan ancaman, dan memintas kira-kira 90% daripada sekitar 300 yang lain.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam operasi ini, jumlah korban Israel hanya tiga orang yang terbunuh ketika Kubah Besi mengalami kerosakan.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherwood_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherwood-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apabila dibandingkan dengan sistem pertahanan antiudara lain, darjat keberkesanan Kubah Besi adalah amat tinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-Dillow_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillow-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penasihat pertahanan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Zaloga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Zaloga (laman tidak wujud)">Steven Zaloga</a> berkata bahawa kadar pemintasan sebanyak 90% menunjukkan tahap "yang amat tinggi", melebihi kadar lazim yang dijangka.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Slate</i> melaporkan bahawa tahap keberkesanan adalah "tak terjangka" apabila dibandingkan dengan sistem pertahanan terdahulu seperti sistem pertahanan Patriot.<sup id="cite_ref-Tory_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tory-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wartawan pertahanan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Thompson_(wartawan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Thompson (wartawan) (laman tidak wujud)">Mark Thompson</a> menulis bahawa "kekurangan korban Israel mencadangkan bahawa Kubah Besi adalah perisai misil paling berkesan serta teruji yang pernah disaksikan dunia."<sup id="cite_ref-thompson_19Nov12_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thompson_19Nov12-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_Besi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120710092155/http://www.rafael.co.il/marketing/SIP_STORAGE/FILES/0/1190.pdf">"Iron Dome: Defense System Against Short Range Artillery Rockets"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems" title="Rafael Advanced Defense Systems">Rafael Advanced Defense Systems</a></i>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafael.co.il/marketing/SIP_STORAGE/FILES/0/1190.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> pada 10 Julai 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=How+Israel+Developed+Such+A+Shockingly+Effective+Rocket+Defense+System&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft.au=Robert+Johnson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fhow-israel-developed-the-iron-dome-2012-11%3Fop%3D1%23ixzz2Cme6aQn5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKubah+Besi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tory-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tory_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Tory2012" class="citation news cs1">Sarah Tory (19 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2012/11/israel_iron_dome_defense_how_has_missile_defense_changed_battle_in_gaza.html">"A Missile-Defense System That Actually Works?"</a>. <i>Slate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=A+Missile-Defense+System+That+Actually+Works%3F&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft.au=Sarah+Tory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Fexplainer%2F2012%2F11%2Fisrael_iron_dome_defense_how_has_missile_defense_changed_battle_in_gaza.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKubah+Besi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thompson_19Nov12-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thompson_19Nov12_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2012" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Mark (19 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nation.time.com/2012/11/19/iron-dome-a-missile-shield-that-works">"Iron Dome: A Missile Shield that Works"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time Magazine (laman tidak wujud)">Time Magazine</a> website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iron+Dome%3A+A+Missile+Shield+that+Works&rft.pub=Time+Magazine+website&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnation.time.com%2F2012%2F11%2F19%2Firon-dome-a-missile-shield-that-works&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKubah+Besi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5868370">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MuseeMarine-sabre-p1000456.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon tunas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/MuseeMarine-sabre-p1000456.jpg/40px-MuseeMarine-sabre-p1000456.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/MuseeMarine-sabre-p1000456.jpg/60px-MuseeMarine-sabre-p1000456.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/MuseeMarine-sabre-p1000456.jpg/80px-MuseeMarine-sabre-p1000456.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2426" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Rencana berkenaan <a href="/wiki/Senjata" title="Senjata">persenjataan</a> ini ialah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tunas" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tunas">rencana tunas</a>. 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