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R. Martindale – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="J. R. 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Martindale">John R. Martindale</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British historian (born 1935)</div> <p><b>John Robert Martindale</b> (born 1935) is a British historian specializing in the later <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> empires. Martindale's major publications are his <i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_opus" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnum opus">magnum opus</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_the_Later_Roman_Empire" title="Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire">Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire</a></i>, begun by <a href="/wiki/A._H._M._Jones" title="A. H. M. Jones">A. H. M. Jones</a> and published between 1971 and 1992, and the first part of <i>Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire</i>, which was published in 2001. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robert_Martindale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="float:right;clear:right"></div> <p>Born in 1935,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martindale was educated at <a href="/wiki/Brasenose_College,_Oxford" title="Brasenose College, Oxford">Brasenose College, Oxford</a>, where in 1958 he graduated with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Literae_Humaniores" class="mw-redirect" title="Literae Humaniores">Literae Humaniores</a></i>, later promoted to <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxford,_Cambridge,_and_Dublin)" title="Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)">MA</a>, and then in 1961 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Letters" title="Bachelor of Letters">Bachelor of Letters</a>. His dissertation was entitled "Public disorders in the late Roman Empire, their causes and character".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, Martindale's supervisor was <a href="/wiki/A._H._M._Jones" title="A. H. M. Jones">A. H. M. Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor_of_Ancient_History_(Cambridge)" title="Professor of Ancient History (Cambridge)">Professor of Ancient History at Cambridge</a>, and as Martindale approached the conclusion of his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Letters" title="Bachelor of Letters">B.Litt</a>. work Jones invited him to assist in his ongoing Roman <a href="/wiki/Prosopography" title="Prosopography">prosopography</a> project,<sup id="cite_ref-memoir_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memoir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally conceived by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martindale accepted<sup id="cite_ref-memoir_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memoir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began work as Jones's assistant later the same year, joining <a href="/wiki/John_Morris_(historian)" title="John Morris (historian)">John Morris</a>, another of Jones's former pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robert_Martindale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his final graduation at Oxford, in 1961 Martindale migrated to <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Cambridge" title="Jesus College, Cambridge">Jesus College, Cambridge</a>, where he incorporated as a Cambridge MA and was appointed as a Senior Researcher in Classics, continuing in that post until 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jones noted in 1964 that Martindale had already by then checked all the dates and references to the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Theodosianus" title="Codex Theodosianus">Codex Theodosianus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Justinianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Justinianus">Codex Justinianus</a>, and the Novels of <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a>, "an accomplishment that would surely qualify as a worthy contender for the thirteenth labour of Hercules".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Greater responsibility fell on Martindale with the death of Professor Jones in 1970. Thereafter, he focussed increasingly on leading the prosopography projects, with funding from the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AC_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morris continued to work on the project until his death in 1977, but also had other interests, especially in <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthurian studies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of Martindale's work in the 1970s and 1980s was on the second and third volumes of <i>Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire</i>, describing the common characteristics of groups of people within the Empire between the years 395 and 641 AD, which is from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Honorius_(emperor)" title="Honorius (emperor)">Honorius</a> up to that of <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WL_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WL-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The years from 260 to 395 AD (<a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a> to <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>) had been dealt with in the first volume, published in March 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Martindale had begun preliminary work on the second volume in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-memoir_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memoir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large team of scholars was employed to read the authors of the period and draw excerpts from them.<sup id="cite_ref-WL_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WL-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the publication of the third volume, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Whitby" title="Michael Whitby">Michael Whitby</a> noted that the <i>Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire</i> was "a project which was initiated by Jones and seen through, in considerably expanded form, to improvement and completion by John Martindale".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Martindale then proceeded to the <a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_the_Byzantine_World" title="Prosopography of the Byzantine World">Byzantine world</a>, and Volume 1 of <i>Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire</i> was published on a <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-AC_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_publications">Major publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robert_Martindale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Major publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_the_Later_Roman_Empire" title="Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire">Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire</a></i>, ed. with <a href="/wiki/A._H._M._Jones" title="A. H. M. Jones">A. H. M. Jones</a> (1904–1970) and <a href="/wiki/John_Morris_(historian)" title="John Morris (historian)">John Morris</a> (1913–1977): <ul><li>Volume 1, from 260 to 395 AD (Cambridge University Press, 1971, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521072335" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521072335">978-0521072335</a>), in two volumes</li> <li>Volume 2, from 395 to 527 AD (Cambridge University Press, 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521201599" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521201599">978-0521201599</a>), in two volumes</li> <li>Volume 3, from 527 to 641 AD (Cambridge University Press, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521201605" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521201605">978-0521201605</a>), in two volumes</li></ul></li> <li><i>Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire</i> <ul><li>Volume 1, from 641 to 847 AD (Ashgate compact disc, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0754606130" title="Special:BookSources/978-0754606130">978-0754606130</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minor_publications">Minor publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robert_Martindale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Minor publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J. R. Martindale, "Note on the Consuls of 381 and 382" in <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_(classical_antiquity_history_journal)" title="Historia (classical antiquity history journal)">Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte</a></i> 16, H2 (April 1967), pp. 254–256</li> <li>J. R. Martindale, "<i>Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court A. D. 364–425</i> By JOHN MATTHEWS", review for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Theological_Studies" title="The Journal of Theological Studies">The Journal of Theological Studies</a></i> XXVII, Issue 1 (April 1976), pp. 226–229</li> <li>J. R. Martindale, "R. von Haehling, <i>Die Religionszugehörigkeit der hohen Amtsträger des Römischen Reiches Seit Constantins I. Alleinherrschaft bis zum Ende der Theodosianischen Dynastie (324–450 BZW. 455 N. CHR.) (Antiquitas, Reihe III, XXIII)</i>. Bonn: Habelt, 1978", review for <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Roman_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Roman Studies">Journal of Roman Studies</a> 69 (November 1979), pp. 194–196</li> <li>J. R. Martindale, "H. C. Teitler, <i>Notarii and Exceptores: an Inquiry into Role and Significance of Shorthand Writers in the Imperial and Ecclesiastical Bureaucracy of the Roman Empire (from the Early Principate to c. 450 A.D.)</i> (Dutch monographs on ancient history and archaeology 1). Amsterdam: Gieben, 1985", review for <i>Journal of Roman Studies</i> 77 (November 1987), pp. 203–204</li> <li>J. R. Martindale, "Roger S. Bagnall, Alan Cameron, Seth R. Schwartz, <a href="/wiki/Klaas_Worp" title="Klaas Worp">Klaas A. Worp</a>, <i>Consuls of the Later Roman Empire</i> (Philological monographs of the American Philological Association XXXVI). Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987", review for <i>Journal of Roman Studies</i> 79 (November 1989), pp. 254–255</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robert_Martindale&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2534300/">Martindale, John Robert</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>, accessed 10 April 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University of Oxford Committee for Advanced Studies, <i>Successful Candidates for the Degrees of D.Phil., B.Litt., and B.Sc. with Titles of Their Theses</i> (Oxford University Press, 1961), p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-memoir-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-memoir_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-memoir_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-memoir_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. R. Martindale, "A memoir of the era of A. H. M. Jones", in <a href="/wiki/Averil_Cameron" title="Averil Cameron">Averil Cameron</a>, ed., <i>Fifty Years of Prosopography: The Later Roman Empire, Byzantium and Beyond</i> (Oxford University Press for British Academy, 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2jJXudnr-4sC&pg=PA3">pp. 3–10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AC-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AC_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AC_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AC_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Averil_Cameron" title="Averil Cameron">Averil Cameron</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/13-cameron.pdf">"Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire"</a> at thebritishacademy.ac.uk, accessed 10 April 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Averil Cameron, "A.H.M. Jones and the end of the ancient world", in David M. Gwynn, <i>A. H. M. Jones and the Later Roman Empire</i> (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2008), p. 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cambridge University List of Members 1976 (CUP 1976), p. 613; Cambridge University Calendar 1974 (CUP 1974), p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Commonwealth Universities Yearbook</i>, vol. 1 (1978), p. 316</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caroline Humphress, "Law and justice in the Later Roman Empire", in Gwynn (2008), p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Dr J. R. Morris: Studies in ancient history" (obituary) in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, 10 June 1977, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WL-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WL_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WL_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Liebeschuetz" title="Wolf Liebeschuetz">J. H. W. G. Liebeschuetz</a>, review <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009840X00237785">"Persons No Longer Missing - J. R. Martindale: The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire. Vol. II: A.D. 395–527"</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Classical_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="The Classical Review">The Classical Review</a></i> 31, Issue 2 (October 1981), pp. 256-258 at doi.org, accessed 10 April 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Glen_Bowersock" title="Glen Bowersock">G. W. Bowersock</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/294120">"The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire by A. H. M. Jones, J. R. Martindale, J. Morris"</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Philology" title="American Journal of Philology">American Journal of Philology</a></i> 97, No. 1 (Spring, 1976), pp. 84-86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Whitby" title="Michael Whitby">Michael Whitby</a>, "The role of the Emperor" in Gwynn (2008), p. 70.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robert_Martindale&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n93026245/">Martindale, J. R. (John Robert)</a> at worldcat.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n93026245.html">Martindale, J. R. (John Robert)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Shannon_Broughton#Magistrates_of_the_Roman_Republic" title="Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton">Magistrates of the Roman Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prosopographia_Imperii_Romani" title="Prosopographia Imperii Romani">Prosopographia Imperii Romani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_the_Later_Roman_Empire" title="Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire">Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prosopographisches_Lexikon_der_Palaiologenzeit" title="Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit">Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England">Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_the_Byzantine_World" title="Prosopography of the Byzantine World">Prosopography of the Byzantine World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Parliament" title="The History of Parliament">The History of Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prosopographers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._H._M._Jones" title="A. H. M. Jones">A. H. M. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morris_(historian)" title="John Morris (historian)">John Morris</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Robert Martindale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_M%C3%BCnzer" title="Friedrich Münzer">Friedrich Münzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Shannon_Broughton" title="Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton">T. R. S. Broughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Syme" title="Ronald Syme">Ronald Syme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._P._Wiseman" title="T. P. Wiseman">T. P. Wiseman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_S._Gruen" title="Erich S. Gruen">Erich S. Gruen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Ross_Taylor" title="Lily Ross Taylor">Lily Ross Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Badian" title="Ernst Badian">Ernst Badian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_ancient_Rome" title="Prosopography of ancient Rome">Prosopography of ancient Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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