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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">پێڕستی سەرەکی</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">پێڕستی سەرەکی</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">بخە لاتەنیشت</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">بشارەوە</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ڕێدۆزی </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%BE%DB%8E%DA%A9" title="سەردانی پەڕەی سەرەکی بکە [z]" accesskey="z"><span>دەستپێک</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زانیاری پێشینە بەدەست بھێنە دەربارەی بۆنە ھەنووکەییەکان"><span>ڕووداوە ھەنووکەیییەکان</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%8C%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="پەڕەیەک بە هەڵکەوت نیشان بدە [x]" accesskey="x"><span>وتارێک بە ھەڵکەوت</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ھەڵسوکەوت </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C:%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DA%95%DB%86%DA%A9" title="شوێنی تێگەیشتن"><span>یارمەتی</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA"><span>دەربارەی ویکیپیدیا</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class=""><span>بەخشین بە ویکیپیدیا</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5+%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تۆ ھان دەدرێیت کە ھەژمارێک دروست بکەیت و بچیتە ژوورەوە، ئەمە سەرەکی نییە بەھەرحاڵ" class=""><span>ھەژمار دروست بکە</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5+%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پێشنیارت پێدەکرێ بچیتە ژوورەوە؛ ھەرچەندە زۆرت لێناکرێ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>بچۆ ژوورەوە</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ھەڵبژاردەی زیاتر" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ئامڕازە تاکەکەسییەکان" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ئامڕازە تاکەکەسییەکان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb"><span>بەخشین بە ویکیپیدیا</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5+%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تۆ ھان دەدرێیت کە ھەژمارێک دروست بکەیت و بچیتە ژوورەوە، ئەمە سەرەکی نییە بەھەرحاڵ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ھەژمار دروست بکە</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5+%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پێشنیارت پێدەکرێ بچیتە ژوورەوە؛ ھەرچەندە زۆرت لێناکرێ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>بچۆ ژوورەوە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ئەو پەڕانەی بۆ ئەو دەستکاریکەرانەن کە لەدەرەوەن <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" aria-label="زیاتر لەسەر دەستکاریکردن فێر بە"><span>زیاتر فێر بە</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85" title="پێڕستی ئەو دەستکارییانەی لەم ناونیشانی ئای-پییەوە کراوە [y]" accesskey="y"><span>بەشدارییەکان</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="لێدوان لەسەر دەستکارییەکان لەم ئایپی ئەدرەسەوە [n]" accesskey="n"><span>لێدوان</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="پێگە"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ناوەڕۆکەکان" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ناوەڕۆکەکان</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">بخە لاتەنیشت</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">بشارەوە</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">دەستپێک</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-بەستەری_دەرەکی" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#بەستەری_دەرەکی"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">١</span> <span>بەستەری دەرەکی</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-بەستەری_دەرەکی-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ناوەڕۆکەکان" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="خشتەی ناوەڕۆکەکان بگۆڕە" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">خشتەی ناوەڕۆکەکان بگۆڕە</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">گووگڵ سکۆلار</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="بڕۆ بۆ وتارێک بە زمانێکی تر. بە ٥٣ زمان بەردەستە" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">٥٣ زمان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_(%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84)" title="الباحث العلمي (جوجل) – عەرەبی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الباحث العلمي (جوجل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عەرەبی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ئازەربایجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ئازەربایجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – بیلاڕووسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بیلاڕووسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Google Наука – بۆلگاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Google Наука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بۆلگاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="গুগল স্কলার – بەنگلادێشی" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুগল স্কলার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بەنگلادێشی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – بۆسنی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بۆسنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Acad%C3%A8mic" title="Google Acadèmic – كاتالۆنی" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Google Acadèmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="كاتالۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – چێکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چێکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – دانماركی" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="دانماركی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ئەڵمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ئەڵمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – یۆنانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یۆنانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ئینگلیزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ئینگلیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Acad%C3%A9mico" title="Google Académico – ئیسپانی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Google Académico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ئیسپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ئیستۆنی" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ئیستۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="گوگل اسکالر – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوگل اسکالر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – فینلەندی" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – فەرەنسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فەرەنسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – گالیسی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="גוגל סקולר – عیبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוגל סקולר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عیبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="गूगल स्कॉलर – هیندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गूगल स्कॉलर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هیندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_znalac" title="Google znalac – كرواتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Google znalac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="كرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Tud%C3%B3s" title="Google Tudós – هەنگاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Google Tudós" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هەنگاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Cendekia" title="Google Cendekia – ئیندۆنیزی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Google Cendekia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ئیندۆنیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ئیتالی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ئیتالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ژاپۆنی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ژاپۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – گۆرجستانی" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="گۆرجستانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EA%B8%80_%ED%95%99%EC%88%A0_%EA%B2%80%EC%83%89" title="구글 학술 검색 – كۆری" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구글 학술 검색" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="كۆری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – لیتوانی" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتوانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%BC" title="ഗൂഗിൾ സ്കോളർ – مالایالام" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗൂഗിൾ സ്കോളർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالام" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="गूगल स्कॉलर – ماراتی" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गूगल स्कॉलर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ماراتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – مالیزی" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – هۆڵەندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هۆڵەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – نەرویژیی بۆکمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نەرویژیی بۆکمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – پۆڵەندی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پۆڵەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – پورتوگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتوگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – کێچوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="کێچوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ڕۆمانی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ڕۆمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_Google" title="Академия Google – ڕووسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Академия Google" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ڕووسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_scholar" title="Google scholar – سیسیلی" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Google scholar" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سیسیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – سێربۆكرواتی" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سێربۆكرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – سلۆڤاكی" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلۆڤاكی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ئەڵبانی" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ئەڵبانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – سویدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கூகுள் இசுகாலர் – تامیلی" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கூகுள் இசுகாலர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_Google" title="Академияи Google – تاجیکی" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Академияи Google" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجیکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Akademik" title="Google Akademik – تورکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Google Akademik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="تورکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ئۆكراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ئۆكراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ئوزبەکی" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ئوزبەکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – ڤیەتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ڤیەتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" title="Google学术搜索 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Google学术搜索" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar – کانتۆنی" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Google Scholar" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانتۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q494817#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="بەستەرەکانی نێوانویکی دەستکاری بکە" class="wbc-editpage">دەستکاریی گرێدانەکان</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="شوێنناوەکان"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بینینی پەڕەی ناوەڕۆک [c]" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95_%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%95/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پێڕستی ھەموو پەڕەکانی ویکی کە بەستەر دراون بۆ ئێرە [j]" accesskey="j"><span>بەستەرەکان بە ئێرەوە</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:RecentChangesLinked/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" rel="nofollow" title="دوایین گۆڕانکارییەکان لەو پەڕانە کە بەگرەوە گرێ دراون [k]" accesskey="k"><span>گۆڕانکارییە پەیوەندیدارەکان</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ckb" title="پەڕگەکان بار بکە [u]" accesskey="u"><span>پەڕگەیەک بار بکە</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پێڕستی ھەموو پەڕە تایبەتەکان [q]" accesskey="q"><span>پەڕە تایبەتەکان</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&oldid=1180294" title="بەستەری ھەمیشەیی بۆ ئەم پێداچوونەوەیەی ئەم پەڕەیە"><span>بەستەری ھەمیشەیی</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=info" title="زانیاری زیاتر لەبارەی ئەم پەڕەیەوە"><span>زانیاریی پەڕە</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:CiteThisPage&page=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&id=1180294&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="زانیاری سەبارەت بە چۆنیەتیی بە ژێدەر کردنی ئەم پەڕە"><span>ئەم پەڕەیە بکە بە ژێدەر</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DA%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25DA%25B5_%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1"><span>بەستەری کورتکراوە بەدەست بێنە</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DA%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25DA%25B5_%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1"><span>کۆدی کیوئاڕ داگرە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپکردن/ھەناردەکردن </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5+%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1"><span>دروستکردنی کتێبێک</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:DownloadAsPdf&page=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=show-download-screen"><span>داگرتن بە PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&printable=yes" title="وەشانی چاپی ئەم پەڕەیە [p]" accesskey="p"><span>وەشانی ئامادەی چاپ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> لە پڕۆژەکانی تر </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Google_Scholar" hreflang="en"><span>ویکیمیدیا کۆمنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q494817" title="بەستەر بۆ بەندی خەزێنەی دراوەی پەیوەندیدار [g]" accesskey="g"><span>بەندی ویکیدراوە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ئامرازەکانی پەڕە"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ڕواڵەت"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ڕواڵەت</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">بخە لاتەنیشت</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">بشارەوە</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">لە ئینسایکڵۆپیدیای ئازادی ویکیپیدیاوە</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ckb" dir="rtl"><table class="box-بنبەست plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-dead_end" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MUTCD_W14-1.svg/40px-MUTCD_W14-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MUTCD_W14-1.svg/60px-MUTCD_W14-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MUTCD_W14-1.svg/80px-MUTCD_W14-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="74" data-file-height="74" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">ئەم وتارە <b><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ویکیپیدیا:شێواز">بەستەری نییە</a> بۆ وتارەکانی تری ویکیپیدیا.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> تکایە یارمەتی بدە لە <a class="external text" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit">باشترکردنی ئەم وتارە</a> بە زیادکردنی بەستەری <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ویکیپیدیا:شێواز">پەیوەندیدار</a> بە ناوەڕۆکی وتارەکەوە.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">حوزەیران ٢٠١٧</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="box-ھەتیو plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Orphan" role="presentation" style="display: none"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">ئەم وتارە <b><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88" title="ویکیپیدیا:ھەتیو">ھەتیوە</a>، چونکە ھیچ وتارێکی تر <a class="external text" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:Whatlinkshere&target=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&namespace=0">بەستەری پێی نەداوە</a></b>. تکایە لە <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5+%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5+%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1">وتارە پەیوەندیدارەکانەوە</a></span> <a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C:%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="یارمەتی:بەستەر">بەستەرەکان بەم پەڕە ئاشنا بکە</a>؛ بۆ پێشنیارەکان <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1">ئامرازی دۆزینەوەی بەستەر</a> تاقی بکەرەوە. <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">حوزەیران ٢٠١٧</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:125%">گووگڵ سکۆلار</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">دامەزران</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px">٣١ی تشرینی یەکەمی ٢٠٠٤</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">خاوەن</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5" title="گووگڵ">گووگڵ</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">بابەتی سەرەکی</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>academic writing</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">کارپێکەر</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5" title="گووگڵ">گووگڵ</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">بەرھەمەکان و ماددەکان</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>scholarly profiling</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">وێبگە</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://scholar.google.com/">https://scholar.google.com/</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">بەستەری وەسفکراو</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tapor.ca/tools/1260">https://tapor.ca/tools/1260</a></span>، <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://marketplace.sshopencloud.eu/tool-or-service/yYW0NG">https://marketplace.sshopencloud.eu/tool-or-service/yYW0NG</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">بەڕێوەدەبرێت لەلایەن</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5" title="گووگڵ">گووگڵ</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">بەستەری گەران</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=$1</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="border-style: solid; border-color:gray; border-width: 1px 0 0 0; margin-top: 2em; text-align: center;"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494817">لە ویکیدراوە دەستکاریی زانیارییەکان بکە</a> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494817" title="دەستکاری"><img alt="دەستکاری" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/22px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/33px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/44px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:Google_Scholar_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Google_Scholar_logo.png/220px-Google_Scholar_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Google_Scholar_logo.png/330px-Google_Scholar_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Google_Scholar_logo.png/440px-Google_Scholar_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption>لۆگۆی گوگڵ سکۆلار</figcaption></figure> <p><b>گووگڵ سکۆلار</b> بەشی گەڕانی ماتۆڕی گووگڵە بۆ بڵاوکراوەی زانستی. لە دنیای توێژینەوەدا چەندین جێگای دیکە هەن کە زانایان و توێژەرەوەکان بڵاوکراوەکانی خۆیان تێدا بڵاو ئەکەنەوە. ئەم خزمەتگوزاریەی گووگڵیش تایبەتە بە گەڕان بەناو ئەو بڵاوکراوانەدا و هەروەها گەڕان بەناو "پاتێنت" (patent)ی داهێنانە جیاوازەکانی بوارە جیاوازەکاندا. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="بەستەری_دەرەکی"><span id=".D8.A8.DB.95.D8.B3.D8.AA.DB.95.D8.B1.DB.8C_.D8.AF.DB.95.D8.B1.DB.95.DA.A9.DB.8C"></span>بەستەری دەرەکی</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: بەستەری دەرەکی"><span>دەستکاری</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk">گووگڵ سکۆلار</a></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/45px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></td><td><i>ئەم وتارە <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%95" title="ویکیپیدیا:کۆلکە">کۆلکەیەکە</a>. دەتوانیت بە <a class="external text" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%B5_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit">فراوانکردنی</a> یارمەتیی ویکیپیدیا بدەیت.</i><style 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title="یارمەتی:پۆل">زیادکردنی پۆلێک</a> بۆ ئەوەی پێڕست بکرێت لەگەڵ وتار لێکچووەکان. <small><i>(نیسان ٢٠١٧)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="bandeau-portail وێنۆچکەکان" id="bandeau-portail"> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="دەروازە:زانست"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/P_chemistry.svg/31px-P_chemistry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/P_chemistry.svg/47px-P_chemistry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/P_chemistry.svg/62px-P_chemistry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a 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بنبەستەکان</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%95_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A1%D9%A7" title="پۆل:وتارە ھەتیوەکان لە حوزەیران ٢٠١٧">وتارە ھەتیوەکان لە حوزەیران ٢٠١٧</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پۆل:ھەموو وتارە ھەتیوەکان">ھەموو وتارە ھەتیوەکان</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پۆل:ھەموو کۆلکەوتارەکان">ھەموو کۆلکەوتارەکان</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%95" title="پۆل:کۆلکە">کۆلکە</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D8%A8%DB%8E_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84_%D9%84%DB%95_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A1%D9%A7" title="پۆل:بێ پۆل لە نیسان ٢٠١٧">بێ پۆل لە نیسان ٢٠١٧</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88_%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پۆل:ھەموو پەڕە پۆلێن نەکراوەکان">ھەموو پەڕە پۆلێن نەکراوەکان</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA/%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95_%D9%BE%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پۆل:دەروازەی زانست/وتارە پەیوەندیدارەکان">دەروازەی زانست/وتارە پەیوەندیدارەکان</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95" title="پۆل:ھەموو ئەو وتارانەی تووڵی 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