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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima" title="Ire ad paginam primam [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina prima</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Novissima" title="Eventus novissimi"><span>Novissima</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Pagina_fortuita" title="Ire ad paginam fortuitam [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Pagina fortuita</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Omnia"><span>Categoriae</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Nuper_mutata" title="Index nuper mutatorum in hac vici [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nuper mutata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Communitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_la.wikipedia.org&uselang=la" class=""><span>Donationes</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Rationem_creare&returnto=Mahometus" title="Suademus, ut nomen tibi imponas, neque cogeris" class=""><span>Sibi nomen imponere</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Conventum_aperire&returnto=Mahometus" title="Te nomen dare hortamur neque cogimus [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Nomen dare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Instrumenta personalia" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span 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href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Conventum_aperire&returnto=Mahometus" title="Te nomen dare hortamur neque cogimus [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Nomen dare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Auxilium:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Conlationes_meae" title="Ostendit recensiones ex hoc loco IP factas [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Conlationes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Disputatio_mea" title="Disputatio de recensionibus ex hoc loco IP factis [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Disputatio huius 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fontes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fontes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fontes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fontes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fontes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alcoranus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcoranus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Alcoranus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcoranus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exegesis_Alcorani_(tafsīr)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exegesis_Alcorani_(tafsīr)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Exegesis Alcorani (tafsīr)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exegesis_Alcorani_(tafsīr)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sira</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bella_(maghazi)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bella_(maghazi)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Bella (maghazi)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bella_(maghazi)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Libri_classium"_(kutub_al-ṭabaqāt)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Libri_classium"_(kutub_al-ṭabaqāt)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>"Libri classium" (kutub al-ṭabaqāt)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Libri_classium"_(kutub_al-ṭabaqāt)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vita_Mahometi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vita_Mahometi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vita Mahometi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vita_Mahometi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vita Mahometi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vita_Mahometi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tempus_antequam_Mahometus_propheta_ingressus_est_(571–609)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tempus_antequam_Mahometus_propheta_ingressus_est_(571–609)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tempus antequam Mahometus propheta ingressus est (571–609)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tempus_antequam_Mahometus_propheta_ingressus_est_(571–609)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tempus_quo_Mahometus_Meccae_prophetizavit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tempus_quo_Mahometus_Meccae_prophetizavit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Tempus quo Mahometus Meccae prophetizavit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tempus_quo_Mahometus_Meccae_prophetizavit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ascensus_in_caelum_et_iter_nocturnum_Hierosolyma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascensus_in_caelum_et_iter_nocturnum_Hierosolyma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Ascensus in caelum et iter nocturnum Hierosolyma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascensus_in_caelum_et_iter_nocturnum_Hierosolyma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuga_ex_Mecca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuga_ex_Mecca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fuga ex Mecca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuga_ex_Mecca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prius_tempus,_quo_Mahometus_Medinae_prophetizavit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prius_tempus,_quo_Mahometus_Medinae_prophetizavit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Prius tempus, quo Mahometus Medinae prophetizavit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prius_tempus,_quo_Mahometus_Medinae_prophetizavit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directio_orationis_mutata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directio_orationis_mutata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Directio orationis mutata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directio_orationis_mutata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bella_("ghazawât")_a_Mahometo_ac_sociis_gesta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bella_("ghazawât")_a_Mahometo_ac_sociis_gesta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Bella ("ghazawât") a Mahometo ac sociis gesta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bella_("ghazawât")_a_Mahometo_ac_sociis_gesta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Al-Hudaibiya_et_Meccae_expugnatio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Hudaibiya_et_Meccae_expugnatio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Al-Hudaibiya et Meccae expugnatio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Hudaibiya_et_Meccae_expugnatio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peregrinatio_suprema_et_mors_Mahometi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peregrinatio_suprema_et_mors_Mahometi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Peregrinatio suprema et mors Mahometi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peregrinatio_suprema_et_mors_Mahometi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_interni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_interni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nexus interni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_interni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliographia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Encyclopediae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encyclopediae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Encyclopediae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encyclopediae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia_addita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia_addita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliographia addita</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia_addita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_externi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_externi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nexus externi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_externi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahometus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 216 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-216" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">216 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D3%8F%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%8F%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Тхьэлӏыкӏо Мыхьэмэт – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тхьэлӏыкӏо Мыхьэмэт" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%90%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B5" title="መሐመድ – Amharica" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሐመድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%A1%DC%95" title="ܡܘܚܡܕ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܘܚܡܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মুহাম্মাদ – Assamica" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুহাম্মাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="МухӀаммад – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="МухӀаммад" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d" title="Məhəmməd – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məhəmməd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="حضرت محمد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حضرت محمد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_(%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%B9%D2%93%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Мөхәммәт (Пәйғәмбәр) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мөхәммәт (Пәйғәмбәр)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahuomets" title="Mahuomets – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mahuomets" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магамет – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магамет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мухамад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мухамад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мохамед – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мохамед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মুহাম্মাদ – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুহাম্মাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="མུ་ཧ་མད། – Tibetana" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མུ་ཧ་མད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mahomed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мухьаммад – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мухьаммад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF" title="محەممەد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="محەممەد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magumetu" title="Magumetu – Corsa" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Magumetu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухаммет пихампар – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мухаммет пихампар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet_Mohammed" title="Prophet Mohammed – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Prophet Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1hemmed" title="Mıhemmed – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mıhemmed" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad_SAW" title="Nabi Muhammad SAW – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Nabi Muhammad SAW" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%99%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%8A%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="މުޙައްމަދުގެފާނު – Dhivehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މުޙައްމަދުގެފާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Dhivehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8" title="Μωάμεθ – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μωάμεθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamedo" title="Mohamedo – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mohamedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A9ammad" title="Muḩammad – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muḩammad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelaa%C9%97o_Muhammadu" title="Nelaaɗo Muhammadu – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Nelaaɗo Muhammadu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Faroensis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamad" title="Mahamad – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mahamad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Scotica" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scotica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%B3ma" title="Maóma – Guaranica" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Maóma" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaranica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌼𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6" title="મુહમ્મદ – Gujaratensis" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મુહમ્મદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujaratensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahommad" title="Mahommad – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mahommad" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohameka" title="Mohameka – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mohameka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93" title="מוחמד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוחמד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Creolus Haitianus" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creolus Haitianus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_pr%C3%B3f%C3%A9ta" title="Mohamed próféta – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mohamed próféta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Մուհամմադ – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուհամմադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Igbonica" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухьаммад Пайхамар – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мухьаммад Пайхамар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAhame%C3%B0" title="Múhameð – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Múhameð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometto" title="Maometto – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maometto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95" title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukamad" title="Mukamad – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mukamad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მაჰმადი – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაჰმადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muxammed" title="Muxammed – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Muxammed" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5emmed" title="Muḥemmed – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Muḥemmed" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%83%D1%8D_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="ТхьэлӀыкӀуэ Мыхьэмэд – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ТхьэлӀыкӀуэ Мыхьэмэд" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwamet" title="Muwamet – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Muwamet" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мұхаммед – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұхаммед" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A" title="មហាម៉េដ – Chmerica" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាម៉េដ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmerica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%A8%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C" title="무함마드 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무함마드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%AD%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%AF" title="مُحَمَّد – Casmirica" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مُحَمَّد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Casmirica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhemmed" title="Muhemmed – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Muhemmed" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomm" title="Mahomm – Cornubica" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mahomm" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornubica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухаммед пайгамбар – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мухаммед пайгамбар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Luxemburgica" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="МухӀаммад идавс – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="МухӀаммад идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мугьаммад – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мугьаммад" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeamed" title="Moeamed – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Moeamed" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometas" title="Mahometas – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mahometas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhameds" title="Muhameds – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Muhameds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamady" title="Mohamady – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mohamady" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мохаммад – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мохаммад" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухамед – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мухамед" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="മുഹമ്മദ് – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഹമ്മദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मोहम्मद – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोहम्मद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%A7ammed" title="Muħammed – Melitensis" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Muħammed" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Melitensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9" title="Maomé – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Maomé" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="မိုဟာမက် – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုဟာမက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mametto" title="Mametto – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mametto" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मोहम्मद – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोहम्मद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%98%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A6" title="ମହମ୍ମଦ – Orissensis" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହମ୍ମଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orissensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroumet" title="Maroumet – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Maroumet" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9" title="Maomé – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maomé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mahomed" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Могамед – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Могамед" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="मुहम्मद् – Sanscrita" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुहम्मद्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanscrita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83h%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Муhаммед – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Муhаммед" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoma" title="Maoma – Sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Maoma" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maumettu" title="Maumettu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Maumettu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Sindhuica" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhuica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad" title="Muḥammad – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Muḥammad" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F" title="මහම්මද්තුමා – Singhalensis" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහම්මද්තුමා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85" title="محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebi_Maxamed_c.s" title="Nebi Maxamed c.s – Somalica" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nebi Maxamed c.s" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammedi" title="Muhammedi – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muhammedi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухамед – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мухамед" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="முகம்மது நபி – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முகம்மது நபி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4" title="ముహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Муҳаммад – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳаммад" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="มุฮัมมัด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุฮัมมัด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Turcomannica" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turcomannica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D0%BF%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%87%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="مۇھەممەد ئەلەيھىسسالام – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مۇھەممەد ئەلەيھىسسالام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магомет – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Магомет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81" title="محمد بن عبد اللہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمد بن عبد اللہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometo" title="Maometo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Maometo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawoumet" title="Mawoumet – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mawoumet" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მაჰმადი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაჰმადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93" title="מוכאמאד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוכאמאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9h%E1%BB%8D%CC%81m%C3%A1d%C3%B9" title="Mùhọ́mádù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mùhọ́mádù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27ammed" title="Mo'ammed – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Mo'ammed" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7" title="ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="模罕默德 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="模罕默德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Zuluana" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zuluana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9458#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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Vicipaedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirectum de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Machometus&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Machometus">Machometus</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><table style="clear: both; border-left: 8px solid gray; background-color: #f3f3f3; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; width: 75%; margin: 1.5em auto; border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 8px 8px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: .7em .55em .7em 2em; box-sizing: content-box; text-align: center; width: 50px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Padlock-skyblue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Padlock-skyblue.svg/50px-Padlock-skyblue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Padlock-skyblue.svg/75px-Padlock-skyblue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Padlock-skyblue.svg/100px-Padlock-skyblue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td style="padding: .7em 1em .7em .55em;"> <p><b>Pagina semiprotecta</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Formula:Invitatio" title="Formula:Invitatio">Ustricibus usoribusque ignotis</a> hoc tempore <a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Paginae_protectae" title="Vicipaedia:Paginae protectae">non licet</a> hanc paginam recensere. Quaesumus ut emendationes in <a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Mahometus" title="Disputatio:Mahometus">pagina disputationis</a> proponas vel nomen Vicipaedianum <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Conventum_aperire" title="Specialis:Conventum aperire">crees</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="capsa-vicidata infobox" style="width:15em; background:#f3f3f3;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3850522">.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata{float:right;margin:0 0 2em 1em;padding:.25em .5em;box-shadow:8px 8px 8px #ccc;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2f2;border:1px solid #bebebe}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-titulus{padding-top:.44em;font-size:90%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-subtitulus{padding-bottom:.14em;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-data{font-size:80%;margin-top:1em;padding:.2em .1em .1em .2em}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata .mw-collapsible{text-align:left}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata{width:100%!important;float:none;margin-left:0;box-shadow:0 8px 8px #ccc}}</style> <div class="capsa-vicidata-titulus noviewer"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/25px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/38px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/50px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Mahometus</div> <div class="capsa-vicidata-subtitulus">Res apud <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/lawiki/Mahometus" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/lawiki/Mahometus">Vicidata</a> repertae:</div><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mahometus: imago"><img alt="Mahometus: imago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg/150px-Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg/225px-Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg/300px-Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Mahometus: imago</figcaption></figure><div class="capsa-vicidata-data"> <i>Nativitas</i>: <span><span>20 Aprilis 571</span></span>; <span><span><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a></span></span><br /><i>Obitus</i>: <span><span>8 Iunii 632</span></span>; <span><span><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></span></span><br /><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Familia</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>Genitores</i>: <span><span>Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib</span></span>; <span><span>Aminah</span></span><br /><i>Coniunx</i>: <span><span><a href="/wiki/Chadidia_Chowailidi_filia" title="Chadidia Chowailidi filia">Chadidia Chowailidi filia</a></span>, <span>Sawda bint Zamʿa</span>, <span>Hafsa bint Umar ibn Al-Khattab</span>, <span>Juwayriyya bint al-Harith</span>, <span>Aisa Abubecri filia</span>, <span>Zaynab bint Jahsh</span>, <span>Safiyya bint Huyayy</span>, <span>Zaynab bint Khuzayma</span>, <span>Umm Salama</span>, <span>Ramla bint Abi Sufyan</span>, <span>Rayhana bint Zayd ibn ʿAmr</span>, <span>Maria al-Qibtiyya</span>, <span>Maymunah bint al-Harith</span></span><br /><i>Proles</i>: <span><span>Abdalla Mahometi filius</span>, <span>Kasimus Mahometi filius</span>, <span>Ibrahimus Mahometi filius</span>, <span>Zainaba Mahometi filia</span>, <span>Rakia Mahometi filia</span>, <span>Ommkelthuma Mahometi filia</span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Fatima_(Mahometi_filia)" title="Fatima (Mahometi filia)">Fatima Zahra</a></span></span><br /><i>Familia</i>: <span><span>Banu Hashim</span></span></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Memoria</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>Sepultura</i>: <span><span>Sacred Prophetic Chamber</span></span><br /></div></div></div></div> <div style="display: flow-root; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .0875); margin: 1em; padding: .1em 1em; text-align: left; font-style: italic; border-radius: .25em;">Vide etiam paginam discretivam: <a href="/wiki/Mahometus_(nomen)" title="Mahometus (nomen)">Mahometus (nomen)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Mohammed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mohammed.jpg/220px-Mohammed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="438" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Mohammed.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Propheta Mahometus; ex <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miradschname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miradschname (non est haec pagina)">Apocalypsi Mahometi</a></i>, 1436, <a href="/wiki/Herat" class="mw-redirect" title="Herat">Herat</a>. Opus in thesauro <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Nationalis_Francica" title="Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica">Bibliothecae Nationalis Francicae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lutetia" title="Lutetia">Lutetiae</a>) invenitur.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mahometus</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Arabice" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabice">Arabice</a> محمد <i>Muḥammad</i>; de scriptura nominis Latina vide <a href="#De_nomine">infra</a>) fuit <a href="/wiki/Religio_Islamica" title="Religio Islamica">religionis Islamicae</a> conditor, quem Musulmani credunt ultimum <a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">Dei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabice" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabice">Arabice</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" class="mw-redirect" title="الله">الله</a> Allāh) nuntium <a href="/wiki/Propheta" title="Propheta">prophetamque</a> fuisse et ultimum legiferum in serie prophetarum Islamicorum, et quem plurimi Musulmani<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> credunt ultimum prophetam ut docet <a href="/wiki/Alcoranus" title="Alcoranus">Alcoranus</a> (33:40–40), cui traditus sit Alcoranus, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriele</a> <a href="/wiki/Archangelus" title="Archangelus">Archangelo</a> ei <a href="/wiki/Verbum_Dei" title="Verbum Dei">verbum Dei</a> nuntiante. Musulmani ergo eum putant restitutorem primae <a href="/wiki/Fides" title="Fides">fidei</a> incorruptae et <a href="/wiki/Monotheismus" title="Monotheismus">monotheisticae</a> <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noe" class="mw-redirect" title="Noe">Noe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abrahae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moyses" title="Moyses">Moysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iesus" title="Iesus">Iesu</a>, et aliorum prophetarum.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peters_2003_9_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters_2003_9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Natus est <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Meccae</a> anno fere <a href="/wiki/571" title="571">571</a>, et mortuus <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medinae</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> occidentali, die <a href="/wiki/8_Iunii" title="8 Iunii">8 Iunii</a> <a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a>. Ipse fuit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullachus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullachus (non est haec pagina)">Abdullachi</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amina (non est haec pagina)">Aminae</a> filius, cui fuerunt nonnulli liberi, inter quos <a href="/wiki/Fatima_Zahra" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatima Zahra">Fatima Zahra</a> filia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_nomine">De nomine</h2></div> <p>Nomen Arabicum variis modis in litteras Latinas redditum est, ut <i>Mahometus</i>, <i>Muhammadus</i>, <i>Mahumetus</i>, <i>Machometus</i>, <i>Mahometes</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Maometus</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et alia. </p><p>Nomen plenum eius fuit ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم (<i>Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim</i>)‎, hoc est "pater Qasimi, Muhammadus, filius Abd-Allahi, filii Abd-al-Muttalibi, filii Hašimi." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fontes">Fontes</h2></div> <p>De nullo magnorum religionis auctorum Orientis tanti nuntii exstant quam de Mahometo<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, qui quidem aut a fidelibus conscripti sunt, ut Mahometum prophetam annuntiarent, aut ab inimicis (<a href="/wiki/Religio_Christiana" title="Religio Christiana">Christianis</a>), qui eum "corruptorem" recusarent. Fontes principales sunt: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcoranus">Alcoranus</h3></div> <p>In vita Mahometi indaganda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientia_Islamica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientia Islamica (non est haec pagina)">scientia Islamica</a> <a href="/wiki/Alcoranus" title="Alcoranus">Alcoranum</a> semper fontem primum duxit. Secundum <a href="/wiki/Memoria" title="Memoria">memoriam</a> Islamicam, Alcoranus a quibusdam Mahometi sectatoribus ipso ab initio (circiter ab anno <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>) litteris mandatus est, primo in foliis solutis (ṣaḥīfa, pl. ṣuḥuf / ‏صحف , صحيفة ‎ / ṣaḥīfa, pl. ṣuḥuf), maxima ex parte in pergamena sive in <a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">animalium</a> pelli (raqq /riqq / ‏رقّ ‎). Haec corpus maṣāḥif (ex sing. muṣḥaf ‏مصاحف , مصحف ‎ / maṣāḥif, muṣḥaf) nominatum est. Studiosi Islamici non consentiunt utrum ipse <a href="/wiki/Propheta_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Propheta (Islam)">propheta</a> Alcoranum composuerit an compositio sub primo <a href="/wiki/Calipha" title="Calipha">calipha</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_as-Siddiq" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr as-Siddiq">Abu Bakr as-Siddiq</a> (632-634) facta sit. Fontes autem in hoc conveniunt Alcoranum ab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uthman_ibn_Affan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uthman ibn Affan (non est haec pagina)">Uthman ibn Affan</a> (653-656) <a href="/wiki/Canonizatio" title="Canonizatio">canonizatum</a> esse, exemplis discrepantibus deletis. </p> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Searchtool.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/18px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/27px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/36px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Alcorani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia Alcorani (non est haec pagina)">Historia Alcorani</a>.</span></div> <p>Mahometus ipse in Alcorano quater nominatur:<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Sura 3,144: <i>Et non est Mahometus nisi legatus; iam praeterierunt ante eum legati.</i></li> <li>Sura 33,39: <i>Non est Mahumetus pater ullius ex viris vestris, ita ut non possit ducere uxorem illius, sed est Legatus Dei, et sigillum Prophetarum.</i></li></ul> <p>Uterque versus attestatur Mahometo persuasum fuisse se prophetam esse, qui nuntium prophetarum priorum continuaret perficeretque. </p> <ul><li>Sura 47,2: <i>Qui vero fideles fuerint, et fecerint recta, et crediderunt in id, quod demissum fuit super Mahumetum (et ipsum est veritas a Domino eorum), expiabit ab eis mala eorum, et rectificabit intentionem eorum.</i></li> <li>Sura 48,29: <i>Mahumetus est legatus Dei; qui vero sunt cum eo, feroces sunt contra infideles, misericordes inter se.</i></li></ul> <p>Ut versus demonstrant, Mahometus credidit se nuntium salvificum annuntiare, qui ipsum sectatoresque ab "infidelibus" (kuffār) distingueret. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exegesis_Alcorani_(tafsīr)"><span id="Exegesis_Alcorani_.28tafs.C4.ABr.29"></span>Exegesis Alcorani (tafsīr)</h3></div> <p>Interpretationes multorum Alcorani versuum (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tafs%C4%ABr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tafsīr (non est haec pagina)">tafsīr</a>) indicia praebent, quae ad vitam Mahometi pertinent. Interpretes res gestas revelationis (‏أسباب النزول‎ / asbābu ’n-nuzūl) in quibusdam versibus inventas collegerunt ac disputaverunt, ex quo particularis exegeseos Alcorani ramus ortus est, qui nullos nisi illos versus tractat, quorum revelatio ad certas vitae Mahometi res gestas refert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sira">Sira</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Muhammad_letter_muqawqis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Muhammad_letter_muqawqis.jpg/220px-Muhammad_letter_muqawqis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Muhammad_letter_muqawqis.jpg/330px-Muhammad_letter_muqawqis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Muhammad_letter_muqawqis.jpg/440px-Muhammad_letter_muqawqis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Mahumeti litterae ad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muqawquis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muqawquis (non est haec pagina)">Muqawquis</a> datae.</figcaption></figure> <p>"Vita Mahometi" (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sira_(Islam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sira (Islam) (non est haec pagina)">Sira</a>) ab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Ishaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Ishaq (non est haec pagina)">Muhammad ibn Ishaq</a> conscripta, quae ab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hischam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Hischam (non est haec pagina)">Ibn Hischam</a> redacta ac suppleta exstat, est fons traditionis profanae. <a href="/wiki/Auctor" class="mw-redirect" title="Auctor">Auctor</a> multos nuntios antiquiorum fontium, qui a saeculo septimo repetunt, suscepit. <a href="/wiki/Historiographia" title="Historiographia">Historiographi</a> posteriores, sicut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Tabari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Tabari (non est haec pagina)">al-Tabari</a> in sua <i>Historia Mundi,</i> citeriores nuntios primordiales in "Vita Mahometi" non comprehensos acceperunt. Etiam quidam nuntii ab <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Urwa_ibn_az-Zubayr_ibn_al-%27Awwam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam (non est haec pagina)">'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam</a> († circa annum <a href="/wiki/712" title="712">712</a>) litteris mandati, quas ad <a href="/wiki/Caliphatus_Omayadarum" title="Caliphatus Omayadarum">Omayadarum Caliphum</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CA%BFAbd_al-Malik_ibn_Marw%C4%81n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān (non est haec pagina)">ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān</a> dedit, res singulas de religionis Islamicae primo tempore magni momenti amplectuntur. Qui nuntii in "Historia Mundi" supradicti <i>al-Tabari</i>, ut <i>Hischam</i>, '<i>Urwae</i> filius, eos tradiderat, comprehensi sunt. Auctoritas eorum a studiosis hodiernis non dubitatur.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bella_(maghazi)"><span id="Bella_.28maghazi.29"></span>Bella (maghazi)</h3></div> <p>Praeter <a href="/wiki/Biographia" title="Biographia">biographiam</a> aliud genus litterarium vitam resque gestas Mahometi tractat, scilicet sic dictae litterae "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maghazi (non est haec pagina)">maghazi</a>", in quibus bella prophetae, postquam <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medinam</a> confugerat, usque ad mortem per annos singulos describuntur. Opus huius generis maximi momenti ab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Waqidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Waqidi (non est haec pagina)">al-Waqidi</a> conscriptum est, qui usque ad annum <a href="/wiki/823" title="823">823</a> <a href="/wiki/Bagdatum" title="Bagdatum">Bagdati</a> operatus est. Opus tribus voluminbus anno <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a> typis Arabicis exscriptum est. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Libri_classium"_(kutub_al-ṭabaqāt)"><span id=".22Libri_classium.22_.28kutub_al-.E1.B9.ADabaq.C4.81t.29"></span>"Libri classium" (kutub al-ṭabaqāt)</h3></div> <p>Quartum genus historiographicum sunt sic dicti "Libri classium" (<i>kutub al-ṭabaqāt</i>); non <a href="/wiki/Annales" title="Annales">res singulis annis gestas</a> enarrant, sed argumenta secundum annos, quibus quaeque persona descripta ad religionem Islamicam convertit (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahaba (non est haec pagina)">sahaba</a></i>), distributa sunt. Initium huius operis origini, vitae rebusque gestis Mahometi dedicatum est. Notissimum huius generis opus a discipulo supradicti al-Waqidi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammed_ibn_Sa%27d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammed ibn Sa'd (non est haec pagina)">Muhammed ibn Sa'd</a>, conscriptum est, qui ex <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> oriundus anno <a href="/wiki/845" title="845">845</a> Bagdati mortuus est. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vita_Mahometi">Vita Mahometi</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tempus_antequam_Mahometus_propheta_ingressus_est_(571–609)"><span id="Tempus_antequam_Mahometus_propheta_ingressus_est_.28571.E2.80.93609.29"></span>Tempus antequam Mahometus propheta ingressus est (571–609)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Birth_of_Muhammad_from_folio_44a_of_the_Jami%E2%80%98_al-tawarikh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Birth_of_Muhammad_from_folio_44a_of_the_Jami%E2%80%98_al-tawarikh.jpg/220px-Birth_of_Muhammad_from_folio_44a_of_the_Jami%E2%80%98_al-tawarikh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Birth_of_Muhammad_from_folio_44a_of_the_Jami%E2%80%98_al-tawarikh.jpg/330px-Birth_of_Muhammad_from_folio_44a_of_the_Jami%E2%80%98_al-tawarikh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Birth_of_Muhammad_from_folio_44a_of_the_Jami%E2%80%98_al-tawarikh.jpg/440px-Birth_of_Muhammad_from_folio_44a_of_the_Jami%E2%80%98_al-tawarikh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Nativitas Mahumeti prophetae. Ex <i>Jami' al-Tavarikh</i> (Latine fere: Historia universalis), conscripta a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raschid_ad-Din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raschid ad-Din (non est haec pagina)">Raschid ad-Din</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irania" title="Irania">Irania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tauris" title="Tauris">Tauris</a>), circiter A.H. 714 / A.D. 1314–1315, atramentum, pigmenta coloris et aurum in charta. Edinburgh University Library (MS Arab 20, folio 42r), Cat. 6. Exemplari <a href="/wiki/Christi_Natalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Christi Natalis">nativitatis Christi</a> mutato tres feminae <a href="/wiki/Sancti_Magi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancti Magi">Sanctos Magos</a> supplent. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CA%BFAbd_al-Muttalib_ibn_H%C4%81schim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ʿAbd al-Muttalib ibn Hāschim (non est haec pagina)">ʿAbd al-Muttalib</a>, prophetae <a href="/wiki/Avus" title="Avus">avus</a>, (dextra) <a href="/wiki/Iosephus_(sanctus)" title="Iosephus (sanctus)">Iosephum</a> supplet.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Young_Mohammed_and_the_monk_Bahira.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Young_Mohammed_and_the_monk_Bahira.jpg/220px-Young_Mohammed_and_the_monk_Bahira.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Young_Mohammed_and_the_monk_Bahira.jpg/330px-Young_Mohammed_and_the_monk_Bahira.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Young_Mohammed_and_the_monk_Bahira.jpg/440px-Young_Mohammed_and_the_monk_Bahira.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Mahometus adulescens a monacho <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahira (non est haec pagina)">Bahira</a> cognoscitur. Pictura minima ("miniatura") ex <i>Jami' al-Tavarikh</i> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raschid_ad-Din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raschid ad-Din (non est haec pagina)">Raschid ad-Din</a> conscripta, <a href="/wiki/Irania" title="Irania">Irania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tauris" title="Tauris">Tauris</a>, 1307). Bibliotheca Universitatis Edimburgi.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Mahometus circa annum <a href="/wiki/570" title="570">570</a> in urbe <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabica</a> <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> ex nobilissima gente <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corais (non est haec pagina)">Corasina</a> ortus est, pauper tamen, quod pater eius <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CA%BFAbd_All%C4%81h_ibn_%CA%BFAbd_al-Muttalib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muttalib (non est haec pagina)">Abdullah</a> antequam Mahometus natus erat, mortuuus est; familia ex Mahometi proavo ‏<a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C4%81schim_ibn_%CA%BFAbd_Man%C4%81f&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hāschim ibn ʿAbd Manāf (non est haec pagina)">Hascem</a> appellabatur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hascemita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hascemita (non est haec pagina)">Hascemita</a>. Exactus dies ac annus natalis incerti, cum fontes varia et repugnantia tradant. Traditio Islamica Mahometum saepe "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Annus_elephantis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annus elephantis (non est haec pagina)">anno elephantis</a>", qui dicitur, natum esse vult (circiter 552-554), quod autem verisimile non est<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Iam historicus Islamicus <i>Ibn al Kalbi</i> (mortuus anno 819) annum 570 proposuit.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Sex annos natus Mahometus matrem <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80mina_bint_Wahb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Āmina bint Wahb (non est haec pagina)">Aminam</a> amisit. Deinde apud avum <i>ʿAbd al-Muttalib</i>, eo mortuo sub patruii <i>Abu Talib</i> filiorumque tutelam venit. Amina pagana mortua est. In antiquissimis <a href="/wiki/Hadit" title="Hadit">Hadit</a>-anthologiis pluries narratur Mahometum sepulcrum matris visitavisse et Deum, ut ei daret veniam, oravisse. Quapropter, ut exegesis Islamica putat, sura 9:115 relevata est:<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd>Non est Prophetae, neque eorum, qui sunt fideles, ut veniam precentur pro associantibus, quamvis sint participes propinquitatis id est cognati, postquam innotueris eis, quod hi sint habitatores Tartari.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Adulescens pastor, postea commeatuum in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syriam</a> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Romanum_Orientale" title="Imperium Romanum Orientale">Imperium Romanum Orientale</a>) particeps fuisse dicitur. In itinere <a href="/wiki/Monachus" title="Monachus">monacho</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C4%ABr%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahīrā (non est haec pagina)">Bahīrā</a> obvium datum esse traditur, qui sigillum prophetiae inter Mahometi umeros vidisset, de quo et in litteris Syro-Christianis saeculi noni<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et in <a href="/wiki/Narratio" title="Narratio">narrationibus</a> Islamicis (qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ') mentio facta est.</li></ul> <ul><li>Mahometus, antequam primas revelationes percepit, traditiones <a href="/wiki/Polytheismus" title="Polytheismus">polytheisticas</a> populi sui sequebatur. Hoc spatium temporis Arabice <i>Dschāhiliyya</i> vocatur. Religiones <a href="/wiki/Monotheismus" title="Monotheismus">monotheisticae</a> autem (<a href="/wiki/Religio_Iudaica" title="Religio Iudaica">Iudaismus</a> et <a href="/wiki/Religio_Christiana" title="Religio Christiana">Christianismus</a>) magis magisque in <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabiam</a> intrantes verisimiliter ad Mahometum pertinebant.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mahometi vita (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sira_(Islam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sira (Islam) (non est haec pagina)">Sira</a>) a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Ishaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Ishaq (non est haec pagina)">Muhammad ibn Ishaq</a> conscripta Mahometum tum noto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaid_ibn_%CA%BFAmr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaid ibn ʿAmr (non est haec pagina)">Zaid ibn ʿAmr</a> occurrisse narratur; Mahometum illi Zaid carnem victimarum, quae idolis litata esset, obtulisse; quam Zaid repudiosam reiecisse. Ex illo die Mahometum idolis non iam sacrificavisse.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Id apud posteros ab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Buchari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Buchari (non est haec pagina)">al-Buchari</a> usque ad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adh-Dhahab%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adh-Dhahabī (non est haec pagina)">adh-Dhahabī</a> saepius narratum est.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Sub annum <a href="/wiki/595" title="595">595</a> divitissima mercatoris vidua nomine <a href="/wiki/Chadidia_Chowailidi_filia" title="Chadidia Chowailidi filia">Chadidia</a> (555?–619), cui Mahometus operam navabat, ei nupsit. Chadidia ex nobili gente <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corais (non est haec pagina)">Corasina</a> <i>ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā</i> orta iam duo maritos habuerat et Mahometo 15 annis maior erat. Ita Mahometus <a href="/wiki/Pecunia" title="Pecunia">pecuniae</a> curis liberatus et in statum liberalem collocatus est. Sura 93,6-7 huius rei mentionem facit:<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Nonne (Deus) invenit te orphanum, et suscepit te, et invenit te pauperem et ditavit te?</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>Chadidia prima erat, quae Mahometi nuntio credidit; in historiographia Islamica ideo prima <a href="/wiki/Musulmanus" title="Musulmanus">musulmana</a> Meccae habetur.</li> <li>Ex Chadidia <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a> nata est, quae est mater stirpis Mahometi.</li> <li>Primi Musulmani post Chadidiam secundum traditionem Islamicam erant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib (non est haec pagina)">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a> et <a href="/wiki/Abubacer" title="Abubacer">Abubacer</a>, primus <a href="/wiki/Calipha" title="Calipha">calipha</a>, postquam Mahometus mortuus est.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tempus_quo_Mahometus_Meccae_prophetizavit">Tempus quo Mahometus Meccae prophetizavit</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Maome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Maome.jpg/220px-Maome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Maome.jpg/330px-Maome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Maome.jpg/440px-Maome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Mahometus discipulos adloquitur, in <a href="/wiki/Liber" title="Liber">libro</a> manuscripto <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_17" title="Saeculum 17">saeculi septimi decimi</a> <a href="/wiki/Albirunius" title="Albirunius">Albirunii</a> operis <i>al-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80th%C4%81r_al-b%C4%81qiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Āthār al-bāqiya (non est haec pagina)">Āthār al-bāqiya</a></i> depicta est.</figcaption></figure> <p>Temporis primarum revelationum fons maximi momenti est Sira (Vita Mahometi) ab Ibn Ishaq scripta, quae in pluribus variantibus exstat. Mahometus quotannis unum mensem in monte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hira_(Mecca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hira (Mecca) (non est haec pagina)">Hira</a> prope Meccam versari solebat, ut ibi paenitentiam ageret. Sub annum <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a> ei <a href="/wiki/Archangelus" title="Archangelus">archangelus</a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_(archangelus)" title="Gabriel (archangelus)">Gabriel</a> apparuisse dicitur, ut Mahometus ipse affirmavit. Secundum Ibn Ishaq prima revelatio in somnio facta est, qua Mahometus ad recitationem versuum hortatus sit. </p><p>Primi quinque versus surae 96 principium revelationum sive Mahometi prophetiae esse dicuntur. Alii surae 74 versus 1-7 ut primos ponunt.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illo tempore Mahometus circiter 40 annos natus erat. Etiam sura 10.17 hoc modo intellegitur:<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>Iam porro moratus sum inter vos aetatem quadriganta annorum ante illum (i.e. Alcoranum)</i>.</dd></dl> <p>Versio Latina verbum Arabicum <i>ʿumuran</i>, quod ad ad litteram "tota aetate" valet, "quadraginta annorum" exprimit ita interpretationem usitatam Islamicam sequens. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/220px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/330px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/440px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>Mahometus prae <a href="/wiki/Caaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caaba">Caaba</a> (Pictura Turcica, saec. 16). Vultus Mahometi non depingitur.</figcaption></figure> <p>Initio, fere usque ad annum <a href="/wiki/614" title="614">614</a>, ut supradictus '<i>Urwa</i> caliphae <i>ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān</i> nuntiavit, primores Corasini Mahometi doctrinas, quas et publice et secreto ("sirran") pervulgavit, passi sunt. Cum autem <a href="/wiki/Idololatria" title="Idololatria">idololatriam</a> et <a href="/wiki/Polytheismus" title="Polytheismus">polytheismum</a> maiorum agressus est, multi ei restiterunt. Res eo venit, ut Mahometus ipse sectatoresque eius iniuriam passi sint. Cum maxima musulmanorum pars ad societatis ordinem sic dictorum mustaḍʿafūn pertinerent, qui victus suos mercando quaerebant, etiam a negotiis impediti sunt, ne amplius Meccae vivere possent. Mahometus, cui Meccae domus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arqam_ibn_Abi_Arqam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arqam ibn Abi Arqam (non est haec pagina)">Arqam ibn Abi Arqam</a> praesidio fuit (cira annum <a href="/wiki/614" title="614">614</a>), quosdam sectatores in <a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopiam</a>, ubi erat Meccanorum locus mercatorius, emigrare iussit (circa annum <a href="/wiki/615" title="615">615</a>). </p><p>Ab historiographis primi musulmani dividuntur in eos, qui ante Mahometi in domum Arqua ingressum ad Islam converterunt, alios, qui tempore, quo ibi moratus est, et illos, qui in Aethiopiam emigraverunt.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tempus Meccae inter 616–622 vix demonstrari potest, quod aliae relationes alia narrant. Ex suris Meccae scriptis colligi potest, Mahometum se populi monitorem (naḏīr, Arabice ‏نذير‎) censuisse (38,70) et quaedam officia religionis introducere studuisse: </p> <dl><dd>Iam felices sunt fideles, qui in sua oratione sunt sese humiliantes, et qui sunt ab inani futilique sermone procul recedentes et qui sunt eleemosynam facientes et qui sunt mutones suos custodientes non utentes illis, nisi erga uxores suas aut quod possederunt dexterae eorum. (E.e., erga ancillas suas) (23:1-6)<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ascensus_in_caelum_et_iter_nocturnum_Hierosolyma">Ascensus in caelum et iter nocturnum Hierosolyma</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Muhammad_1514.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Muhammad_1514.jpg/220px-Muhammad_1514.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Muhammad_1514.jpg/330px-Muhammad_1514.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Muhammad_1514.jpg/440px-Muhammad_1514.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="1854" /></a><figcaption>Mahometi iter nocturnum in <a href="/wiki/Equus" class="mw-redirect" title="Equus">equo</a> suo, Buraq; Folium ex exemplo operis Bustan poeatae Persici Sa'di (1514).</figcaption></figure> <p>Historiographia Islamica tempore, quo Mahometus Meccae versatus est, duas res factas esse vult, quibus vita moresque eius posteris clare demonstrarentur: </p> <ul><li>Ascensus (<i>al-miʿrāǧ</i>) a sanctuario <a href="/wiki/Caaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caaba">Caaba</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caelum" title="Caelum">caelum</a> die 27 mensis <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, qui 18 menses, antequam in urbem <i>Yathrib</i> (quae postea <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> nominata est) discessit, et</li> <li>sic dictum iter nocturnum (<i>al-isrāʾ</i>) <a href="/wiki/Hierosolyma" title="Hierosolyma">Hierosolyma</a>, quod 17 dies ante <a href="/wiki/Hegira" title="Hegira">Hegira</a> factum esse dicitur.</li></ul> <p>Sive ascensus sive iter nocturnum saepissime in fontibus tranctantur, varie tamen et contrarie. Traditio Islamica ambas res in unum colligere studet Mahometum iter nocturnum Hiersolyma fecisse, ubi in caelum ascendisset. </p> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Searchtool.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/18px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/27px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/36px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascensus_Mahometi_in_caelum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ascensus Mahometi in caelum (non est haec pagina)">Ascensus Mahometi in caelum</a>.</span></div> <p>Ex tempore quo <a href="/wiki/Calipha" title="Calipha">calipha</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abimelech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abimelech (non est haec pagina)">Abimelech</a> (<i>ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān</i>) <a href="/wiki/Tholus_Saxi" title="Tholus Saxi">Tholum Saxi</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mons_Templi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mons Templi (non est haec pagina)">Monte Templi</a> urbis Hierosolymorum <a href="/wiki/Aedificium" title="Aedificium">aedificavisset</a> (<a href="/wiki/691" title="691">691</a>), sanctuarium sive <a href="/wiki/Oratorium" class="mw-disambig" title="Oratorium">oratorium</a> remotissimum (<i>al-bait al-muqaddas</i> aut <i>al-bait al-maqdis</i>) in sura 17,1 memoratum cum Hierosolymis sive cum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meschita_al-Aqsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meschita al-Aqsa (non est haec pagina)">Meschita Distantissima</a> (<i>al-masǧid al-aqṣā</i>) paucis annis post erecta aequavisse videtur. In Tholi Saxi titulis temporis <a href="/wiki/Caliphatus_Omayadarum" title="Caliphatus Omayadarum">Omayadarum</a>, qui ex solis versibus Alcorani exstant, sura 17:1 deest.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceterum etiam in mescita <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Aqsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Aqsa (non est haec pagina)">Al-Aqsa</a> hic versus non nisi in <a href="/wiki/Inscriptio" class="mw-redirect" title="Inscriptio">inscriptione</a> <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_11" title="Saeculum 11">saeculi undecimi</a> invenitur.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fuga_ex_Mecca">Fuga ex Mecca</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Muhammad-Majmac-al-tawarikh-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Muhammad-Majmac-al-tawarikh-2.jpg/220px-Muhammad-Majmac-al-tawarikh-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Muhammad-Majmac-al-tawarikh-2.jpg/330px-Muhammad-Majmac-al-tawarikh-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Muhammad-Majmac-al-tawarikh-2.jpg/440px-Muhammad-Majmac-al-tawarikh-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption>Iter Mahometi prophetae; folium operis Majma' al-tawarikh (Compendium Historiarum), circa annum 1425; Timurid. Herat, <a href="/wiki/Afgania" title="Afgania">Afgania</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Museum_Artium_Metropolitanum" title="Museum Artium Metropolitanum">Museo Artium Metropolitano</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Variis ex causis Mahometus colloquia cum incolis urbis <i>Yathrib</i> seruit ad cognoscendum, si ibi sedem collocare posset: Religione poytheistica offendenda—etsi al-Kaaba, sanctuarium <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabiae</a> gravissimum, agnovit—sibi multos inimicos fecerat; foedus cum incolis urbis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta%27if&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ta'if (non est haec pagina)">Ta'if</a> ad irritum ceciderat; multi sectatores fugati erant; tandem patronus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Talib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Talib (non est haec pagina)">Abu Talib</a> et Chadidia uxor mortui sunt (sub annum <a href="/wiki/619" title="619">619</a>). Quidam nobiles urbis <i>Yathrib</i>, cui postea nomen <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> (plenius: <i>madīnat an-nabiy</i> 'urbs prophetae') data est, Mahometo et sectatoribus eius praesidium obtulerunt, quod inter annos 621–622 foedere ictum est. </p><p>Anno <a href="/wiki/622" title="622">622</a> vexatione augente Mahometus et sui Mecca exiverunt et Medinam fugerunt. Medinam cum advenissent, multi Mahometum secuti sunt. Ista fuga, <a href="/wiki/Hegira" title="Hegira">Hegira</a> appellata, est initium Islamici calendarii. Adventus in <i>Qubā'</i> prope Yathrib sita postea in duodecimum <i>Rabi’</i> primi <a href="/wiki/Calendarium_lunare" title="Calendarium lunare">anni lunaris</a> <a href="/wiki/Calendarium_Islamicum" title="Calendarium Islamicum">calendarii Islamici</a> (dies 24 Septembris anno 622) constitutus est. Anni subsequentes ex anno <a href="/wiki/622" title="622">622</a> numerantur et <i><a href="/wiki/Annus_Hegirae" title="Annus Hegirae">anni Hegirae</a></i> vocantur. Ergo annus <a href="/wiki/631" title="631">631</a>, exempli gratia, est <a href="/wiki/Anno_Hegirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Hegirae">Annus Hegirae</a> decimus (saepe scriptus "10 <a href="/wiki/AH" class="mw-redirect" title="AH">AH</a>") in Islamico calendario. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prius_tempus,_quo_Mahometus_Medinae_prophetizavit"><span id="Prius_tempus.2C_quo_Mahometus_Medinae_prophetizavit"></span>Prius tempus, quo Mahometus Medinae prophetizavit</h3></div> <p>Societas <i>Yathrib</i> urbis, quae nunc Arabice <i>al-Madina</i> (<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>) vocatur, tempore <a href="/wiki/Hegira" title="Hegira">Hegirae</a> aliter ac Meccae constituta erat. Incolae ad civitates gentesque inter se contrarias <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aus_(gens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aus (gens) (non est haec pagina)">Aus</a></i> et <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chasradsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chasradsch (non est haec pagina)">Chasradsch</a></i> pertinebant. Praeterea erant variae <a href="/wiki/Iudaei" title="Iudaei">Iudaeorum</a> gentes, inter quas <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banu_n-Nadir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banu n-Nadir (non est haec pagina)">Banu n-Nadir</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banu_Quraiza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banu Quraiza (non est haec pagina)">Banu Quraiza</a></i> et <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qaynuqa%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qaynuqa' (non est haec pagina)">Qaynuqa'</a></i> plurimum potuerunt, deinde nonnulli urbis incolae, qui iam ante Hegiram Musulmani facti quique "adiutores" (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ansar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Ansar (non est haec pagina)">al-Ansar</a></i>) appellati sunt, postremo ii Mahometi sectatores, qui cum eo Mecca fugerant et "emigrantes" (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhadschirun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhadschirun (non est haec pagina)">Muhadschirun</a></i>) nominati sunt. Aliae sedes Iudaicae erant a Medina in septentriones versae apud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaibar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khaibar (non est haec pagina)">Khaibar</a>. </p><p>Initio Mahometus omnes incolas in unam societatem coniungere studebat. A sic dicto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pactum_Medinense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pactum Medinense (non est haec pagina)">Pacto Medinensi</a>, quod ad litteram in prophetae biographia ab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Ishaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Ishaq (non est haec pagina)">Ibn Ishaq</a> conscripta servatum est quodque a studiosis, quamvis <a href="/wiki/Datatio" title="Datatio">datatio</a> disputetur, verum agnoscitur, non solum omnibus Musulmanis et Iudaeis eadem iura praebentur, sed etiam religiones agnoscuntur. Iudaei una cum fidelibus (id est, Musulmanis) <i><a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">ummah</a></i> constituunt: "Iudaeis est ipsorum religio (<i>dīn</i>), Musulmanis ipsorum." </p><p>"Ansar" et "Muhadschirun" iisdem iuribus gaudent. Se ipsum autem Mahometus hoc in pacto legatum Dei et prophetam vocat. </p><p>Diserte et plane pacto exclusi sunt <a href="/wiki/Polytheismus" title="Polytheismus">polytheistae</a> ("al-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Muschrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muschrik (non est haec pagina)">muschrik</a>ūn"). Quomodo pactiones cum Iudaeis, quarum historiographia Islamica mentionem facit, circa singula conscriptae fuissent, nescitur, quod conditiones varie traduntur. Tales pactiones autem inter Mahometum et Iudaeis exstitisse a studiosis ponitur.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initio Mahometus ad distinctam segregationem ab aliis "possessoribus scripturae" („ahl al-kitāb“) annixus esse non videtur; iam Sura 109 ("Infideles") Meccae relevata religiones "aliorum" agnoscit:<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>O Infideles! Non colam, quod colitis (…) Vobis religio vestra et mihi religio mea.</i></dd></dl> <p>Inimici Mahometi illius temporis erant polytheistae, quos iam Meccae oppugnaverat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Directio_orationis_mutata">Directio orationis mutata</h3></div><p> Primi de Mahometi vita fontes unanime referunt eum, dum Meccae vivit, in orando inter <a href="/wiki/Caba" title="Caba">Cabae</a> angulos meridianum orientalemque stetisse, ubi erat lapis niger. Ita se simul ad sanctuarium Meccanum et - ut Iudaei et Christiani - ad <a href="/wiki/Hierosolyma" title="Hierosolyma">Hierosolyma</a> (bait al-maqdis) inclinavit. 17 mensibus post migrationem, mense <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radzabum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radzabum (non est haec pagina)">Radzabo</a>, directio orationis (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Qibla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qibla (non est haec pagina)">Qibla</a>, Aarabice ‏قبلة‎) ab Hierosolymis ad Meccam mutata est.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Directio orationis secundum revelationem Surae 2, 143-146 mutata est. </p><div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Searchtool.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/18px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/27px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/36px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quibla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quibla (non est haec pagina)">Quibla</a>.</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bella_("ghazawât")_a_Mahometo_ac_sociis_gesta"><span id="Bella_.28.22ghazaw.C3.A2t.22.29_a_Mahometo_ac_sociis_gesta"></span>Bella ("ghazawât") a Mahometo ac sociis gesta</h3></div> <p>Post <a href="/wiki/Hegira" title="Hegira">hegiram</a> - fugam <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> in urbem Yathrib (sive <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medinam</a>) - Mahometus paulatim etiam militaris suorum dux factus est. Initio tum paucos asseclas a bello cohibuisse videtur<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, quod hic <a href="/wiki/Alcoranus" title="Alcoranus">Alcorani</a> versus primum post hegiram tempus commemorans attestatur: </p> <dl><dd>(...) <i>Continete manus vestras a proelio</i> (...)(4,75)<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Denique ille versus revelatus est, quem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tafs%C4%ABr_(exegesis_Alcorani)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tafsīr (exegesis Alcorani) (non est haec pagina)">exegesis Alcorani</a> primam pugnandi potestatem esse putat:<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>Concessum fuit iis, qui proeliantur (idest concessum fuit fidelibus, ut pugnent contra infideles), quod ipsi iniuste vexati sint ab illis. Et quidem Deus ad auxilium eorum est sane potens.</i> (22,41)<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Muhammad_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Muhammad_14.jpg/220px-Muhammad_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Muhammad_14.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>Imago Islamica demonstrans, quomodo Alcoranus Mahometo inter pugnam revelatus sit.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bellum Meccanum plurimae incursiones in commeatus Meccanos anteierunt. Prima pugna inter Musulamanos et gentem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coraisitae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coraisitae (non est haec pagina)">Corasinam</a> anno <a href="/wiki/624" title="624">624</a> apud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pugna_apud_Badr_commissa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pugna apud Badr commissa (non est haec pagina)">Badr</a> commissa est. Musulmani, qui agmen mercatorium ex <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> revertens opprimere studebant, a copiis Meccanis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sufyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Sufyan (non est haec pagina)">Abu Sufyan</a> duce necopinati ex insidiis agressi sunt. Quamvis numero minores nec ad pugnam parati Musulmani victores prodierunt. De quo in Alcorano legitur: </p> <dl><dd><i>Et iam quidem adiuvit vos Deus in Bedro, et vos inferiores eratis hostibus numero.</i> (3,123)<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Mense Aprili eiusdem anni Mahometus gentem <a href="/wiki/Iudaei" title="Iudaei">Iudaicam</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ban%C5%AB_Qaynuq%C4%81%CA%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banū Qaynuqāʾ (non est haec pagina)">Banū Qaynuqāʾ</a>, qui aurifeces ac mercatores in urbe vivebant, in Wādī al-Qurā – a Medina in septentriones versus –, postea in Syriam depulit. </p><p>De <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pugna_apud_Uhud_commissa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pugna apud Uhud commissa (non est haec pagina)">pugna apud Uhud commissa</a>, qua Musulmani anno <a href="/wiki/625" title="625">625</a> a Meccanis victi sunt, longi versus ad fideles docendos confirmandosque relevati sunt; in sura 3,173 e.g. legitur: </p> <dl><dd><i>Qui obaudierunt Deum et Legatum, postquam incidit illis ulcus in Ohod: illis, qui benefecerint ex eis et timuerint Deum, erit merces magna.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Gens Iudaica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ban%C5%AB_%CA%BEl-Na%E1%B8%8D%C4%ABr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banū ʾl-Naḍīr (non est haec pagina)">Banū ʾl-Naḍīr</a>,postquam diu sed frustra actum est -sedibus eorum obsessis, palmis a copiis Musulmanis succisis - mense Augusto anno <a href="/wiki/625" title="625">625</a> Medinae viciniam circiter 600 <a href="/wiki/Camelus" title="Camelus">camelos</a> secum ferens reliquerunt et primo in <a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">oasi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%AAaibar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ḫaibar (non est haec pagina)">Ḫaibar</a> sedes collocaverunt, deinde, postquam Mahometus eos anno <a href="/wiki/628" title="628">628</a> etiam illinc exegit, in Syriam fugerunt. Tum Mahometus <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B9%A2afiyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ṣafiyya (non est haec pagina)">Ṣafiyyam</a>, filiam ducis, quae praedam ceperat quaeque musulmana facta est, in matrimonium duxit. Omnis sura 59 (<i>al-Ḥašr</i>, Latine "congregatio"), ut in exegesi Alcorani putatur, de gente Banu Nadir expellenda narrat:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>Ipse (Deus) est, qui eiecit eos, qui fuerunt increduli de familia Libri (Iudaeos scilicet Nodeirenses) a domibus suis ad primam congregationem eorum in Syriam. (...) Et nisi scripsisset Deus super eos transmigrationem (idest nisi decrevisset eos ex Arabia in Syriam eiciendos) certe eos punivisset in hoc mundo, et ipsis in futuro saeculo erit tormentum ignis. Hoc, quia ipsi schisma fecerunt adversus Deum et Legatum eius. (...) Quod excidistis de palmis vel reliquistis illas stantes super truncos suos, fuit porro per voluntatem Dei.</i> (59,2–5)<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Anno <a href="/wiki/627" title="627">627</a> copiae Meccanae cum sociis Medinam oppugnaverunt (quae oppugnatio in historiographia Islamica <i>ġazwat al-ḫandaq</i>, "bellum fossae", appellatur), sed frustra. Meccanis regressis gentem Iudaicam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banu_Quraiza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banu Quraiza (non est haec pagina)">Banu Quraiza</a> trucidari iussit, quod se in urbe defendenda - secundum traditionem Islamicam - non adiuvisset. Gens Banu Quraiza ab urbe Medina in austro-orientem versus agros coluerat.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dum urbs oppugnatur, gens Banu Quraiza formaliter recte egerat<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Musulmanis ad fossam effodendam palas commodaverant<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, contra autem aggressores cibo instruxerant<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et cum eis clam egerant.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Praeterea Mahometum ac asseclas a tergo adoriri moliti erant.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Variae Alcorani surae "belli fossae" et gentis Banu Quraiza exstinctionis mentionem faciunt res gestas secundum Dei voluntatem factas praedicantes. </p> <dl><dd><i>Et reppulit Deus eos, qui erant infideles (nempe coniuratos) cum furore suo, non obtinuerunt bonum ullum, sufficiens fuit Deus ad proelium fidelibus, nam est Deus fortis, praepotens. Et descendere fecit eos ex scripturalibus ex arcibus suis (nempe Coraidenses) et coniecit in cordibus eorum terrorem: partem eorum occidistis et captivastis partem eorum et hereditare fecit vos Deus terram eorum et habitacula eorum et facultates eorum et terram, quam numquam calcaveratis. Nam est Deus ad omnem rem potens.</i> (33,25–27)<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Vide etiam suras 2,109; 5, 41; 5,52 et 8, 58, quas exegetae ad fortunam gentium Banū ʾl-Naḍīr et Banu Quraiza referunt. </p><p>Mahometus ex praeda inter alia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raihana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raihana (non est haec pagina)">Raiyḥānam</a> accepit, quam <a href="/wiki/Concubina" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubina">concubinam</a> habuit. Sunt, qui eam postea religionem Islamicam secutam esse velint. </p><p>Una cum gente Banu Quraiza etiam socii eorum, Arabes Banu Kilab ibn 'Amir, interfecti sunt. Unam ex feminis eorum, al-Naschāt (sive: al-Schāt) bint Rifā'a, Mahometus in matrimonium duxit, mox autem repudiavit. Cum feminae filiique Banu Quraiza in servitutem redacti sunt, de feminis filiisque Banu Kilab ibn 'Amir nihil certi notum est. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Al-Hudaibiya_et_Meccae_expugnatio">Al-Hudaibiya et Meccae expugnatio</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg/300px-Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg/450px-Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg/600px-Muhammad_destroying_idols_-_L%27Histoire_Merveilleuse_en_Vers_de_Mahomet_BNF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2578" data-file-height="2101" /></a><figcaption>Mahometus Meccam ingreditur (dextra). Sectatores eius <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythologia_Arabica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mythologia Arabica (non est haec pagina)">idola Arabica</a> ibi collocata delent (sinistra). Ex Mirzā Muḥammad Rafīʿ ("Bāzil") (1713-1781): <i>Ḥamla-i-ḥaydarī</i> (Impetus leonis [commentarius poeticus de Mahometo et quattuor primis caliphis]<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Caspira" class="mw-redirect" title="Caspira">Caspira</a> 1808, Ms. suppl. pers. 1030 s. 305v in thesauro <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliothèque Nationale de France (non est haec pagina)">Bibliothèque Nationale</a> <a href="/wiki/Lutetia" title="Lutetia">Lutetiae</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mense Martio anno <a href="/wiki/628" title="628">628</a> (anno sexto post hegiram) Mahometus una cum sectatoribus iter Meccam fecit, ut ibi parvam peregrinationem (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27umra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'umra (non est haec pagina)">'umra</a></i>) conficeret. Cum autem a Meccanis impeditus sit, prope sanctuarium Meccanum apud al-Hudaibiya foedus initum est quinque conventa principalia comprehendens: </p> <ul><li>Indutiae biennii (secundum alios: decem annorum);</li> <li>Securitas musulmanorum, qui posthac peregrinationem confecturi aut in regionibus meridianis mercaturi essent;</li> <li>Securitas gentis Quraisch, qui in regionibus septentrionalibus mercaturi essent;</li> <li>Traditio musulmanorum, qui patronis inivitis Mecca Medinam fugituri essent;</li> <li>Renuntiatio parvae peregrinationis anno foederis facti, sed peregrinitationis fides anno sequenti.</li></ul> <p>Receptum Mahometi multi sectatores - imprimis traditionis profugorum causa - aegre passi sunt. Omnis sura 48 (<i>al-Fath</i> = eventus, victoria) de hac re agit, quae autem res gestas victoriam Mahometi fuisse affirmat, quod expugnationem oasis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaibar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khaibar (non est haec pagina)">Khaibar</a>, quae Iudaeis divitibus erat, comprehendit. </p><p>Oasi Khaibar mense Maio anno <a href="/wiki/628" title="628">628</a> expugnata Mahometus una cum 2000 sectatoribus mense Martio anno <a href="/wiki/629" title="629">629</a> Meccam iit, ut ibi peregrinationem parvam ('<i>umra</i>) conficeret. Quod Meccani conventa fregissent,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mense Ianuario anno <a href="/wiki/630" title="630">630</a> exercitus musulmanorum bene instructus Meccam expugnavit. Quod Mahometus unicuique, qui pugna abstinuit, securitatem praestitit, Mecca paene sine caede capta est; soli 28 Meccani pugnantes ceciderunt, alii fugerunt. Mahometus nonnullas hebdomades Meccae remansit, sanctuarium (<i><a href="/wiki/Caba" title="Caba">Caba</a></i>) purgavit, statuas deorum et in sanctuario et in domibus privatis amoveri destruique iussit. In urbis vicinia templa deorum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Man%C3%A2t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Manât (non est haec pagina)">al-Manât</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-%27Uzza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-'Uzza (non est haec pagina)">al-'Uzza</a> destruxit et gentes <a href="/wiki/Beduini" title="Beduini">Beduinorum</a>, ut religioni Islamicae se coniungerent, invitavit. </p><p>Gentes fortissimos circa Meccam viventes nomine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taif (non est haec pagina)">al-Ta'if</a> mense Ianuario anno <a href="/wiki/630" title="630">630</a> - quamvis magno labore (de quo sura 9,25–26) - subactae sunt. </p><p>Pristinus Mahometi adversarius nomine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sufyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Sufyan (non est haec pagina)">Abu Sufyân</a>, qui ante Meccam expugnatam ad religionem Islamicam converterat, deam principalem <a href="/wiki/Alilat" title="Alilat">al-Lât</a> in Ta'if delevit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peregrinatio_suprema_et_mors_Mahometi">Peregrinatio suprema et mors Mahometi</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Medina_Grab_des_Propheten.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Medina_Grab_des_Propheten.JPG/220px-Medina_Grab_des_Propheten.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Medina_Grab_des_Propheten.JPG/330px-Medina_Grab_des_Propheten.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Medina_Grab_des_Propheten.JPG/440px-Medina_Grab_des_Propheten.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2255" data-file-height="1703" /></a><figcaption>Prinicipalis Medinae meschita, ubi est sepulcrum Mahometi. Siderographia (saec. 19).</figcaption></figure> <p>Anno <a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a> Mahometus peregrinationem supremam Meccam fecit, mense Martio ineunte cum asseclis Meccam advenit. In ritibus conficiendis singula caeremoniarum constituit etiam quosdam mores antiquos (qui ante religionem Islamicam exstiterunt) inserens. </p> <dl><dd><i>Antequam Meccam ingrederentur, consuetis ritibus sese praeparavere. Ducebat atuem secum centum, seu ut alii scribunt, sexaginta et sex oves mactandas. Еt in itinere seorsim ab aliis incedebat. . . . Sunt qui scribunt, quotidie in itinere <a href="/wiki/Alcoranum" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoranum">Alcoranum</a> super eum de <a href="/wiki/Caelum" title="Caelum">coelo</a> descendisse. Ingressus Meccam cum peregrinis, primus circuivit septies <a href="/wiki/Caaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caaba">Caabam</a>, ter velociter currens, quater auter pedetentim incedens. Deinde invisit montes Sapham et Meruan et vallem Minam et montem Araphat, ubi concionem ad populum habuit. Deinde regrediens in vallem Minam septem lapillos de more post tergum suum projecit, quibus diabolum <a href="/wiki/Lapis" title="Lapis">lapidaret</a>; et mox <a href="/wiki/Ovis" title="Ovis">oves</a>, quas adduxerat, immolavit. . . . Deinde ad Caabam reversus septies iterum eam circumivit. Bibit etiam aquam haustam ex <a href="/wiki/Puteus_Zamzam" title="Puteus Zamzam">puteo Zamzam</a>. Postea rediens in Minam, moratus еst ibi tribus diebus, projecitque quotidie contra diabolum tres lapillos, septies deambulando. . . . Deinde, praeparatis iis, quae ad reditum erant necessaria, iterum Caabam circumivit, ac deinde Medinam versus iter suscepit.</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Secundum traditionem Islamicam Mahometus in monte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Araphat_(mons)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Araphat (mons) (non est haec pagina)">Araphat</a> suram quintam edidit, ut fidelibus quasi heredidatem relinqueret. Inter alia legitur: </p> <dl><dd><i>Hodie perfeci vobis religionem vestram et complevi super vos gratiam meam, et placuit mihi tradere vobis religionem Eslam (id est: Islam)</i> (5,4).<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Saepe etiam haec ultima verba, quae in Corano non inveniuntur, referuntur: </p> <dl><dd><i>Vobis clara ac distincta reliqui; in quibus si permanseritis, numquam in errore eritis: Librum Dei ac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunna (non est haec pagina)">Sunnam</a> prophetae eius. Homines, audite verba mea et intellegite! Sciatis unumquemque Musulmanum esse Musulmani fratrem Musulmanosque inter ipsos fratres</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Peregrinatio ultima, etiam "peregrinatio Islamica" dicta, rerum gestarum Mahometi culmen fuit. Medinam reversus administrationem bellorum sociis (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahaba (non est haec pagina)">sahaba</a></i>) transtulit. Aegritudine subitanea affectus die <a href="/wiki/8_Iunii" title="8 Iunii">8 Iunii</a> anno <a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a> in domo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aischa_bint_Abi_Bakr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aischa bint Abi Bakr (non est haec pagina)">Aisa</a> uxoris necopinatus mortuus est. Nuntio mortis Medinae perturbatio magna orta est, ut <a href="/wiki/Corpus" title="Corpus">corpus</a> eius, ut quidam historiographi narrant, totum diem neglectum iaceret, donec in domo Aisae sepultum est. Sepulcrum Mahometi, una cum sepulcro <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Bakr (non est haec pagina)">Abu Bakr</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umar_ibn_al-Chattab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umar ibn al-Chattab (non est haec pagina)">Umar ibn al-Chattab</a>, hodie in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meschita_prophetae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meschita prophetae (non est haec pagina)">Meschita prophetae</a>, quae est Medinae mescita principalis, invenitur. </p><p>Mahometo mortuo Abu Bakr, qui mox Mahometum successit, inter alia hunc Alcorani versum recitasse dicitur: </p> <dl><dd>Et non est Mahometus nisi legatus. Iam praeterierunt ante eum legati. An ergo si moriatur aut occidatur, convertemini super calcaneos vestros (id est: redibitis ad infidelitatem)? At qui conversus fuerit super calcaneos suos, non utique nocebit Deo quidquam, et mox remunerabit Deus gratias agentes. (3:144)<sup id="cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadit" title="Hadit">Hadit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulid" title="Maulid">Maulid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Polydori Vergilii Urbinatis <i>De Rerum inventoribus libri octo</i> (Basileae: 1525), lib. VII, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ydJMAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA225&dq=Mahometus">p. 225</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/truth/finality.html">http://www.alislam.org/books/truth/finality.html</a> Finality of Prophet hood [<i>sic</i>] Hadhrat Muhammad (PUBH) the Last Prophet - Al Islam Interretiale.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Esposito 1998: 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Esposito 2002b: 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peters_2003_9-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Peters_2003_9_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peters 2003: 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof3/s0020a.html">Mahometes</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Iohannes_Iacobus_Hofmannus" title="Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus">Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_universale" title="Lexicon universale">Lexicon universale</a></i> (1698) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann.html">~</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/divinacomoedia01piazgoog/divinacomoedia01piazgoog_djvu.txt">Dantis Alligherii, <i>Divina Comoedia</i> (1321). Hexametris latinis reddita. Ab. Abbate Dalla PiaZZA. Vicentino. Praefatus est et vitam piazzae. Adiecit. Carolus Witti. Lipsiae: 1845, sumptibus Ioannis Ambrosii Barth</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.be/books?id=Qswhij07br0C&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=maometus&source=bl&ots=G5OEuAgLyJ&sig=ud3pm42L1tUO913EHZWwqV4F30Y&hl=fr&ei=2iX4S-uZGsn54Abhsp2KAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CCgQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=maometus&f=false"></a><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Petrarca" title="Franciscus Petrarca">Franciscus Petrarca</a>, <i>Invective Contra Medicum</i> (1355). Edizioni Di Storia Litteratura. Roma, 1978, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Sellheim: Muhammeds erstes Offenbarungserlebnis. In: Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 10 (1987), p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alcoranus_Latinus-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-0">9.00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-1">9.01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-2">9.02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-3">9.03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-4">9.04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-5">9.05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-6">9.06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-7">9.07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-8">9.08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-9">9.09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-10">9.10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-11">9.11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-12">9.12</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Alcoranus_Latinus_10-13">9.13</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.at/books?id=ye40VChDL6gC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Alcorani textus universus ex correctioribus Arabum exemplaribus ... descriptus ... auctore Lodovico Marracci, Patavii 1698</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R.G. Khoury: Les sources islamiques de la "Sira" avant Ibn Hishām (m.213/834) et leur valeur hitorique. In: La vie du Prophète Mahomet. Colloque de Strasbourg (Octobre 1980) Presses Universitaires de France 1983. p. 7–29 (Fontes antiquissimos enumerat).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence I. Conrad, "Abraha and Muhammad: Some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition," <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (BSOAS)</i> 50 (1987): 225–240; M. J. Kister, "The Campaign of Ḥulubān," <i>Le Museon</i> 78 (1965): 425-436; Ella Landau-Tessaron, "Sayf Ibn ʿUmar in Medieval and Modern Scholarship," <i>Der Islam</i> 67 (1990): 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartmut Bobzin, <i>Mohammed</i> (Monaci, 2000), 40ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sidney H, Griffith, "The Prophet Muḥammad: his scripture and his message according to the christian apologies in Arabic and Syriac from the first Abbasid century," in <i>The Life of Muḥammad,</i> ed. Uri Rubim (Ashgate Variorum, 1998), 354-355; 380-384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudi Paret, <i>Mohammed und der Koran,</i> ed. 10 (Stuttgardiae: 2008), 42ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alfred Guillaume (1960), <i>New light on the life of Muhammad,</i> <i>Journal of Semitic Studies,</i> monographmu 1, pp. 27–28; versio Anglica Sirae ab Ibn Ishāq scriptae, ab Yūnus ibn Bukair retractatae, a Muḥammad Ḥamīdullāh editae (Iconii 1981), p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. J. Kister: „A bag of meat“ : A study of an early Ḥadīth. In: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (BSOAS), 33 (1970), p. 267–275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vide collationem opinionum repugnantium litterarum Islamicarum apud Richard Bell: Mohammed's Call; in: The Moslem World 24 (1934), p.13–19. Etiam in: Rudi Paret (ed.): Der Koran; Darmstadiae 1975; p. 86–92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Muranyi: The First Muslims in Mekka: A Social Basis for a New Religion? In: The Life of Muḥammad. Ed. ab Uri Rubin. Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum, 1998. (The Formation of the Classical Islamic World, Vol. 4) p. 98 ss.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moshe Sharon, <i>Corpus inscriptionum arabicarum palaestinae (CIAP),</i> Addendum: Squeezes . . . 1-84, Handbuch der Orientalistik, Erste Abteilung, vol. 30, Brill (Leiden, 2007), 121. (Vide [books.google.com/books?id=1d8xHcor0psC&pg=PA121 hic] apud Google Books).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Busse, "Jerusalem in the Story of Muhammad's Night Journey and Ascension," <i>Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam</i> 14 (1991): 1–40, imprimis 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Lecker: <i>Did Muḥammad conclude treaties with the Jewish tribes Naḍīr, Qurayẓa and Qaynuqāʿ?</i> In: Israel Oriental Studies, Vol. 17 (1997), p.29–36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Uri Rubin: <i>Between Arabia and the Holy Land: a Mecca-Jerusalem Axis of Sanctity</i>. In: Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam (JSAI), 34 (2008), p. 350-351; 354; W. M. Watt: <i>Muhammad at Medina</i>. Oxoniae 1956, p. 202-203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudi Paret: <i>Mohammed und der Koran. Geschichte und Verkündung des arabischen Propheten</i>. Kohlhammer, 2001. P. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vide Theodor Nöldeke: <i>Geschichte des Qorans</i>. Lipsiae, 1938. P. 214 et fontes ibi citati</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vide Theodor Nöldeke: <i>Geschichte des Qorans</i>. Lipsiae, 1938. P. 206 et fontes ibi citati</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Lecker: <i>Muslims, Jews and Pagans. Studies on Early Islamic Medina</i>. Brill, 1995. P. 25 s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. New Edition. Brill, Leiden. Vol. 5, P. 436</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Meir J. Kister: The Massacre of the Banū Quraiza: A re-examination of a tradition. In: Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 8 (1986). P. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i>. 2. editio. Macmillan Reference USA, Detroit. Vol. 16, P. 776</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Montgomery Watt, Alford T. Welch: <i>Der Islam: Mohammed und die Frühzeit, Islamisches Recht, Religiöses Leben</i>. In: Christel Matthias Schröder: <i>Die Religionen der Menschheit</i>. Kohlhammer, 1980. Vol. 25/1, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Montgomery Watt: <i>Muhammad. Prophet and Statesman</i>. Oxford University Press, 1961. P. 171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hermann Ethé: <i>Neupersische Literatur</i>, in: Wilhelm Geiger / Ernst Kuhn (ed.): <i>Grundriss der iranischen Philologie</i>, Vol. 2, Trübner, Argentorati 1897, 212-368, ibi 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8432900m/f626.image">in interrete</a> in BNF; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expositions.bnf.fr/parole/grand/sup-pers_1030_305v-306.htm">Scitu digna</a> a BNF praebita ad folium.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. New Edition. Brill, Leiden. Bd. 6, S. 147 („Makka“): „A breach of the terms of this treaty by Meccan allies led to a great Muslim expedition against Mecca with some 10,000 men. The town was surrendered almost without a blow, and all the Meccans, except a handful who were guilty of specific offences against Muhammad or some Muslim, were assured their lives and property would be safe if they behaved honourably.“</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alcorani textus universus ex correctioribus Arabum exemplaribus . . . descriptus . . . auctore Lodovico Marracci, Patavii 1698, pars prima, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ex commentatione <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" class="extiw" title="de:Mohammed">de:Mohammed</a> sumptum ac Latine versum.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Non omnes Musulmani credunt ipsum fuisse prophetam ultimum; exempli gratia, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Communitas_Ahmadiyya_Islamica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communitas Ahmadiyya Islamica (non est haec pagina)">Communitas Ahmadiyya Islamica</a> habet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (non est haec pagina)">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a> fuisse prophetam quoque.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2></div> <ul><li>Ahmed, Leila. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>. Women and the Advent of Islam. <i>Signs</i> 11(4):665–691. doi:10.1086/494271.</li> <li>Ali, Muhammad Mohar. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>. <i>The Biography of the Prophet and the Orientalists.</i> King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur'an. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9960770680" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9960-770-68-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.islamhouse.com/p/51772">http://www.islamhouse.com/p/51772</a>.</li> <li>Armstrong, Karen. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>. <i>Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet.</i> Harpercollins. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0062508865" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-06-250886-5</a>.</li> <li>Awde, Nicholas. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>. <i>Women in Islam: An Anthology from the Quran and Hadith.</i> Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0700710124" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7007-1012-4</a>.</li> <li>Ballard, Harold Wayne, Donald N. Penny, et W. Glenn Jonas. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>. <i>A Journey of Faith: An Introduction to Christianity.</i> Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0865547467" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-86554-746-7</a>.</li> <li>Barlas, Asma. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>. <i>Believing Women in Islam.</i> University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0292709048" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-292-70904-8</a>.</li> <li>Bogle, Emory C. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>. <i>Islam: Origin and Belief.</i> Texas University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0292708629" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-292-70862-9</a>.</li> <li>Brown, Daniel. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>. <i>A New Introduction to Islam.</i> Blackwell Publishing Professional. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780631216049" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-631-21604-9</a>.</li> <li>Bullough, Vern L., Brenda Shelton, et Sarah Slavin. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>. <i>The Subordinated Sex: A History of Attitudes Toward Women.</i> University of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780820323695" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8203-2369-5</a>.</li> <li>Cohen, Mark R. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>. <i>Under Crescent and Cross.</i> Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780691010823" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-691-01082-3</a>/</li> <li><span class="citation book">Dakake, Maria Massi (<a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>). <i>The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam</i>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0791470334" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0791470334">0791470334</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Donner, Fred (<a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>). <i>Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing</i>. Darwin Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0878501274" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0878501274">0878501274</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Endress, Gerhard (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). <i>Islam</i>. New Age Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-8178221564" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-8178221564">978-8178221564</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Ernst, Carl (<a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>). <i>Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World</i>. University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0807855774" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0807855774">0807855774</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Esposito, John (<a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>). <i>Islam: The Straight Path</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/019-5112334" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/019-5112334">019-5112334</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Esposito, John (<a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>). <i>The Islamic Threat: Myth Or Reality?</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-19-513076-6" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-19-513076-6">0-19-513076-6</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Esposito, John (<a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>). <i>What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam</i>. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-19-515713-3" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-19-515713-3">0-19-515713-3</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Farah, Caesar (<a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>). <i>Islam: Beliefs and Observances</i> (5th ed.). Barron's Educational Series. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780812018530" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/9780812018530">9780812018530</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Glubb, John Bagot (<a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> (liber reimpressus <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)). <i>The Life and Times of Muhammad</i>. Hodder & Stoughton. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-8154-1176-6" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-8154-1176-6">0-8154-1176-6</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Goldman, Elizabeth (<a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>). <i>Believers: spiritual leaders of the world</i>. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0195082400" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0195082400">0195082400</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Goldman, Ann; Richard Hain, Stephen Liben (<a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>). <i>Oxford Textbook of Palliative Care for Children</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0198526539" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0198526539">0198526539</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Haaren, John Henry; Addison B. Poland (<a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>). <i>Famous Men of the Middle Ages</i>. University Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/188251405X" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/188251405X">188251405X</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Al-Hibri, Azizah Y. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>. An Islamic Perspective on Domestic Violence. <i>Fordham International Law Journal</i> 27:195ff.</li> <li><span class="citation book">Holt, P. M.; Ann K. S. Lambton, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernardus_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernardus Lewis (non est haec pagina)">Bernard Lewis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>). <i>The Cambridge History of Islam (Paperback)</i>. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-0521291354" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-0521291354">978-0521291354</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Hourani, Albert; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malise_Ruthven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malise Ruthven (non est haec pagina)">Ruthven, Malise</a> (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). <i>A History of the Arab Peoples</i>. Belknap Press; Revised edition. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-0674010178" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-0674010178">978-0674010178</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">ibn Isa, Muhammad (Imam Tirmidhi) (<a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>) (Hardcover). <i>Syama'il Muhammadiyah: KeanggunanMu Ya Rasulullah</i>. Malaysia: PTS Islamika Sdn. Bhd.. p. 388. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9789673660643" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/9789673660643">9789673660643</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Ishaq, Ibn; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Guillaume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Guillaume (non est haec pagina)">Guillaume, Alfred</a>, ed. (<a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>). <i>The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah</i>. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-0196360331" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-0196360331">978-0196360331</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Jacobs, Louis (1995). <i>The Jewish Religion: A Companion</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0198264631" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0198264631">0198264631</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Jansen, Hans. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>. <i>Mohammed: Eine Biographie</i>. C.H. Beck. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3406568580" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-406-56858-0</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book">Kelsay, John (<a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>). <i>Islam and War: A Study in Comparative Ethics</i>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0664253024" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0664253024">0664253024</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Khan, Majid Ali (<a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>). <i>Muhammad The Final Messenger</i>. Islamic Book Service, New Delhi, 110002 (India). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/81-85738-25-4" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/81-85738-25-4">81-85738-25-4</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Kochler, Hans (<a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>). <i>Concept of Monotheism in Islam & Christianity</i>. I.P.O.. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3-7003-0339-4" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/3-7003-0339-4">3-7003-0339-4</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Lapidus, Ira (<a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>). <i>A History of Islamic Societies</i> (2a ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-0521779333" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-0521779333">978-0521779333</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Larsson, Göran (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). <i>Ibn Garcia's Shu'Ubiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval Al-Andalus</i>. Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9004127402" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/9004127402">9004127402</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Lewis, Bernard (<a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>, <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>). <i>The Arabs in History</i>. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-19-280310-7" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-19-280310-7">0-19-280310-7</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Lewis, Bernard (<a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>). <i>Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry</i> (Reprint ed.). Oxford University Press, USA. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-0195053265" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-0195053265">978-0195053265</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Lewis, Bernard (12 Ianuarii <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/4557">"Islamic Revolution"</a>. Novi Eboraci: The New York Review of Books<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Lings, Martin (<a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>). <i>Muhammad: His Life Based on Earliest Sources</i>. Inner Traditions International, Limited.. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-89281-170-6" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-89281-170-6">0-89281-170-6</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Madelung, Wilferd (<a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>). <i>The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate</i>. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0521646960" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0521646960">0521646960</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Momen, Moojan (<a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>). <i>An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi?ism</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0300035314" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0300035314">0300035314</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Neusner, Jacob (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). <i>God's Rule: The Politics of World Religions</i>. Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0878409106" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0878409106">0878409106</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Nigosian, S. A. (<a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>). <i>Islam:Its History, Teaching, and Practices</i>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0253216273" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0253216273">0253216273</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Ordoni, Abu Muhammad; Muhammad Kazim Qazwini (<a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>). <i>Fatima the Gracious</i>. Ansariyan Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/B000BWQ7N6" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/B000BWQ7N6">B000BWQ7N6</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Peters, Francis Edward (<a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>). <i>Muhammad and the Origins of Islam</i>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0791418766" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0791418766">0791418766</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Peters, Francis Edward (<a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>). "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad". <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i> <b>23</b> (3): 291–315<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Peters, Francis Edward (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003a</a>). <i>Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians</i>. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-691-11553-2" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-691-11553-2">0-691-11553-2</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Peters, Francis Edward (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003b</a>). <i>The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0691114617" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0691114617">0691114617</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Peterson, Daniel (<a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>). <i>Muhammad, Prophet of God</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0802807542" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0802807542">0802807542</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Rahman, Fazlur (<a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>). <i>Islam</i>. University Of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0226702812" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0226702812">0226702812</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tariq_Ramadan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tariq Ramadan (non est haec pagina)">Ramadan, Tariq</a> (<a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>). <i>In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0195308808" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0195308808">0195308808</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Razwi, Ali Asgher (<a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>). <i>A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims</i>. World Federation of K S I Muslim Communities Islamic Centre. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0950987913" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0950987913">0950987913</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Reeves, Minou (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). <i>Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making</i>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-0814775646" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-0814775646">978-0814775646</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Robinson, David (<a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>). <i>Muslim Societies in African History</i>. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0521826276" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0521826276">0521826276</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximus_Rodinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximus Rodinson (non est haec pagina)">Rodinson, Maxime</a> (<a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>). <i>Muhammad: Prophet of Islam</i>. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/1-86064-827-4" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/1-86064-827-4">1-86064-827-4</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Rue, Loyal (<a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>). <i>Religion Is Not about God: How Spiritual Traditions Nurture Our Biological</i>. Rutgers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0813539552" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0813539552">0813539552</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Serin, Muhittin (<a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>). <i>Hattat Aziz Efendi</i>. Istanbul. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9-7576-6303-4,_OCLC_51718704" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/9-7576-6303-4, OCLC 51718704">9-7576-6303-4, OCLC 51718704</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Sikand, Yoginder (<a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>). <i>Muslims in India since 1947: Islamic perspectives on inter-faith relations</i>. London: RoutledgeCurzon. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-415-31486-0" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-415-31486-0">0-415-31486-0</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Tabatabae, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn. <i>Tafsir al-Mizan</i>. WOFIS. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9646521142" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/9646521142">9646521142</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Teed, Peter (<a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>). <i>A Dictionary of Twentieth Century History</i>. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0192116762" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0192116762">0192116762</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Turner, Colin (<a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>). <i>Islam: The Basics</i>. Londinii: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/041534106X" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/041534106X">041534106X</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Watt, W. Montgomery (<a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>). <i>Muhammad at Mecca</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0195772776" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0195772776">0195772776</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Watt, W. Montgomery (<a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>). <i>Muhammad at Medina</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-19-577307-1" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-19-577307-1">0-19-577307-1</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Watt, W. Montgomery (<a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>). <i>Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-19-881078-4" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-19-881078-4">0-19-881078-4</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (Editio nova, <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Weil, Gustav; Sanders, Frank K.; Dunning, Harry W. (<a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>). "An Introduction to the Quran". <i>The Biblical World</i> (Sicagi: The University of Chicago Press) <b>5</b> (3): 181–191<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Weil, Gustav. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> An Introduction to the Quran II. <i>The Biblical World</i> 5(4):273–286. JSTOR 3135160. doi:10.1086/471639.</li> <li><span class="citation book">Brockopp, Jonathan E., ed. (<a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/9780521713726"><i>The Cambridge companion to Muhammad</i></a>. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780521713726" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/9780521713726">9780521713726</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encyclopediae">Encyclopediae</h3></div> <ul><li>McNeill, William H., Jerry H. Bentley, et David Christian. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. <i>Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History.</i>Berkshire Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780974309101" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-9743091-0-1</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book">Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll, ed. (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). MacMillan Reference Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-0-02-865603-8" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-0-02-865603-8">978-0-02-865603-8</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs, ed. Brill Academic Publishers<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Lindsay Jones, ed. (<a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>) (2a ed.). MacMillan Reference Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-0-02-865733-2" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-0-02-865733-2">978-0-02-865733-2</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Jane Dammen McAuliffe, ed. (<a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>). Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-90-04-12356-4" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-90-04-12356-4">978-90-04-12356-4</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-19-860223-5" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-19-860223-5">0-19-860223-5</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book"> (Rev ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-1-59339-236-9" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-1-59339-236-9">978-1-59339-236-9</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia_addita">Bibliographia addita</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tor_Andrae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tor Andrae (non est haec pagina)">Andrae, Tor</a> (<a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>). <i>Mohammed: The Man and His Faith</i>. Dover. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-486-41136-2" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-486-41136-2">0-486-41136-2</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Berg, Herbert (ed) (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). <i>Method and Theory in the Study of Islamic Origins</i>. E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9004126023" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/9004126023">9004126023</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Michael Cook (<a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>). <i>Muhammad</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-19-287605-8_(reissue_1996)" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-19-287605-8 (reissue 1996)">0-19-287605-8 (reissue 1996)</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Muhammad Hamidullah (<a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>). <i>The Life and Work of the Prophet of Islam</i>. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/969-8413-00-6" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/969-8413-00-6">969-8413-00-6</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Haraldus Motzki, ed. (<a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>). <i>The Biography of Muhammad: The Issue of the Sources (Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts, Vol. 32)</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/90-04-11513-7" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/90-04-11513-7">90-04-11513-7</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Musa, A. Y. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>. <i>Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on The Authority Of Prophetic Traditions in Islam.</i> Novi Eboraci: Palgrave.</li> <li><span class="citation book">Uri Rubin (<a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>). <i>The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muhammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims (A Textual Analysis)</i>. Darwin Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/087850110X" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/087850110X">087850110X</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Anna Maria Schimmel (<a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>). <i>And Muhammad is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety</i>. The University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0807841285" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0807841285">0807841285</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Spencer, Robert (<a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>). <i>The Truth About Muhammad</i>. Regnery Publishing, USA. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9781596980280" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/9781596980280">9781596980280</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Norman Stillman (<a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>). <i>The Jews of Arab Lands: a History and Source Book</i>. Jewish Publication Society of America. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-8276-0198-0" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-8276-0198-0">0-8276-0198-0</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Wijdan, Ali (23–28 Augusti <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>). "From the Literal to the Spiritual: The Development of Prophet Muhammad's Portrayal from 13th century Ilkhanid Miniatures to 17th century Ottoman Art". <i>Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Turkish Art</i> (Traiecti ad Rhenum eds. M. Kiel, N. Landman, and H. Theunissen.) (7): 1–24<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externi">Nexus externi</h2></div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muhammad" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Muhammad">Mahometum</a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b>Lexica biographica:</b>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/mahoma">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118583158.html">Deutsche Biographie</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/maometto">Treccani</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Muhammad">Store norske leksikon</a> • </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325224057/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/MH_LM/default.htm">De Vita Mahometi</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3389956">.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a,.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a:visited{color:gray}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new{color:#ba0000}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style><span class="existinglinksgray" style="font-size:0.95em; color:gray;"><b>(<a href="/wiki/Anglice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglice">Anglice</a>)</b></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahometus&oldid=3838844">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahometus&oldid=3838844</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Viri" title="Categoria:Viri">Viri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_mensis" title="Categoria:Paginae mensis">Paginae mensis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mortui_632" title="Categoria:Mortui 632">Mortui 632</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nati_saeculo_6" title="Categoria:Nati saeculo 6">Nati saeculo 6</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Auctores_Arabici" title="Categoria:Auctores Arabici">Auctores Arabici</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Incolae_Arabiae" title="Categoria:Incolae Arabiae">Incolae Arabiae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mahometus" title="Categoria:Mahometus">Mahometus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Prophetae_Islamici" title="Categoria:Prophetae Islamici">Prophetae Islamici</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Conditores_religionum" title="Categoria:Conditores religionum">Conditores religionum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Religionis_doctores" title="Categoria:Religionis doctores">Religionis doctores</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_semi-protectae" title="Categoria:Paginae semi-protectae">Paginae semi-protectae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_cum_sectione_nexuum_internorum" title="Categoria:Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum">Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:1000_paginae" title="Categoria:1000 paginae">1000 paginae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Homines" title="Categoria:Myrias Homines">Myrias Homines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Categoria:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 26 Iunii 2024 hora 15:43 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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