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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%29" title="Иако није обавезно, препоручујемо да се пријавите [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Пријави ме</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Више опција" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Личне алатке" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3&returnto=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%29" title="Иако није обавезно, препоручујемо да отворите налог и пријавите се"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Отвори налог</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%29" title="Иако није обавезно, препоручујемо да се пријавите [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Пријави ме</span></a></li> </ul> </div> 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style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EУ току је такмичење у писању чланака на тему \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%83_%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A3_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5\" title=\"Википедија:Такмичење у писању чланака/У свету Флоре и Фауне\"\u003EФлоре и фауне\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; 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0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EУчествујте у \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_SheSaid_2024\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"q:Викицитат:Кампања SheSaid 2024\"\u003Eкампањи писања цитата значајних жена\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E на Викицитату.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0\" title=\"Википедија:Акција проширивања клица\"\u003Eакцији проширивања клица\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сајт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Садржај" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Садржај</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почетак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Дефиниција_и_повезани_термини" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дефиниција_и_повезани_термини"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Дефиниција и повезани термини</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дефиниција_и_повезани_термини-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Систем_са_два_царства_живих_бића" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Систем_са_два_царства_живих_бића"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Систем са два царства живих бића</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Систем_са_два_царства_живих_бића-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Систем_са_три_царства_живих_организама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Систем_са_три_царства_живих_организама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Систем са три царства живих организама</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Систем_са_три_царства_живих_организама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Системи_са_више_царстава" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Системи_са_више_царстава"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Системи са више царстава</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Системи_са_више_царстава-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Архее_и_домене" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Архее_и_домене"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Архее и домене</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Архее_и_домене-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Савремене_класификације" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Савремене_класификације"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Савремене класификације</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Савремене_класификације-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Види_још" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Види_још"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Види још</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Види_још-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Референце" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Референце"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Референце</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Референце-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Спољашње_везе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Спољашње_везе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Спољашње везе</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Спољашње_везе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Садржај" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прикажи/сакриј садржај" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прикажи/сакриј садржај</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Царство (биологија)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Чланак на другим језицима. Доступан на: 119" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 језика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninkryk_(biologie)" title="Koninkryk (biologie) — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koninkryk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="مملكة (تصنيف) — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(bioloch%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (biolochía) — арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reino (biolochía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_(%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="مملكة (بيولوجيا) — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مملكة (بيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="ৰাজ্য (জীৱবিজ্ঞান) — асамски" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাজ্য (জীৱবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinu_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reinu (bioloxía) — астуријски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reinu (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астуријски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavet%C3%A3_(tekovekuaaty)" title="Tavetã (tekovekuaaty) — гварани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tavetã (tekovekuaaty)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гварани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C)" title="عالم (بیولوژی) — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عالم (بیولوژی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi) — индонежански" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонежански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam_(biologi)" title="Alam (biologi) — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alam (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0i_(hun-l%C5%ABi-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Kài (hun-lūi-ha̍k) — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kài (hun-lūi-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Батшалыҡ (биология) — башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Батшалыҡ (биология)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царства (біялогія) — белоруски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Царства (біялогія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белоруски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царства (біялёгія) — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Царства (біялёгія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जगत (जीव बिज्ञान) — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जगत (जीव बिज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahadean_(biyolohiya)" title="Kahadean (biyolohiya) — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kahadean (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8E_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="জগৎ (জীববিদ্যা) — бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জগৎ (জীববিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie) — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Reich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(biologija)" title="Carstvo (biologija) — босански" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Carstvo (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riezad" title="Riezad — бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Riezad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_(biologia)" title="Regne (biologia) — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teyrnas_(bioleg)" title="Teyrnas (bioleg) — велшки" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teyrnas (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="велшки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Патшалăх (биологи) — чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Патшалăх (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_(biologie)" title="Říše (biologie) — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Říše (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rige_(biologi)" title="Rige (biologi) — дански" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rige (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie) — немачки" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riik_(bioloogia)" title="Riik (bioloogia) — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riik (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Βασίλειο (βιολογία) — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλειο (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology) — енглески" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kingdom (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="енглески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (biología) — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino (biología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologio)" title="Regno (biologio) — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Regno (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9inu_(biologia)" title="Réinu (biologia) — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Réinu (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreinu_(biologia)" title="Erreinu (biologia) — баскијски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreinu (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="فرمانرو — персијски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرمانرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologie)" title="Règne (biologie) — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Règne (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryk_(taksonomy)" title="Ryk (taksonomy) — западни фризијски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ryk (taksonomy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западни фризијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADocht_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="Ríocht (bitheolaíocht) — ирски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríocht (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeriaght_(bea-oaylleeaght)" title="Reeriaght (bea-oaylleeaght) — манкс" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Reeriaght (bea-oaylleeaght)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="манкс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (bioloxía) — галицијски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reino (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галицијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ממלכה (טקסונומיה) — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכה (טקסונומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जगत (जीवविज्ञान) — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जगत (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C4%9Bt_(biologija)" title="Swět (biologija) — горњолужичкосрпски" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Swět (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="горњолужичкосрпски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(taksonomija)" title="Carstvo (taksonomija) — хрватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Carstvo (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Թագավորություն (կենսաբանություն) — јерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թագավորություն (կենսաբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="јерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagarian_(biolohia)" title="Pagarian (biolohia) — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagarian (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(rango_taxonomic)" title="Regno (rango taxonomic) — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Regno (rango taxonomic)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Паддзахад (биологи) — осетински" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Паддзахад (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbuso_(kumchazampilo)" title="Umbuso (kumchazampilo) — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umbuso (kumchazampilo)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добар чланак"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADki_(flokkunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Ríki (flokkunarfræði) — исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ríki (flokkunarfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologia)" title="Regno (biologia) — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="界 (分類学) — јапански" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="界 (分類学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krajan_(biologi)" title="Krajan (biologi) — јавански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Krajan (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="јавански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarian_(biolohia)" title="Kaarian (biolohia) — пампанга" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kaarian (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himaya_(biolojia)" title="Himaya (biolojia) — свахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Himaya (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="свахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="계 (생물학) — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8y_(biyoloji)" title="Rèy (biyoloji) — хаићански" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rèy (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаићански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%84%D8%B1%D9%B2%D8%B2%D8%A0" title="سۄرٲزؠ — кашмирски" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سۄرٲزؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_(taxinomia)" title="Regnum (taxinomia) — латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regnum (taxinomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsts_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Valsts (bioloģija) — летонски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valsts (bioloģija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="летонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4ich_(Biologie)" title="Räich (Biologie) — луксембуршки" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Räich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="луксембуршки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karalyst%C4%97_(biologija)" title="Karalystė (biologija) — литвански" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karalystė (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_(taxonomie)" title="Riek (taxonomie) — лимбуршки" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Riek (taxonomie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбуршки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rena_(biolojia)" title="Rena (biolojia) — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rena (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsz%C3%A1g_(rendszertan)" title="Ország (rendszertan) — мађарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ország (rendszertan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="мађарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renju_(bijolo%C4%A1ija)" title="Renju (bijoloġija) — малтешки" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Renju (bijoloġija)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малтешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82" title="കിങ്ഡം — малајалам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിങ്ഡം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малајалам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0)" title="साम्राज्य (जीवशास्त्र) — марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="साम्राज्य (जीवशास्त्र)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ) — бурмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бурмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie) — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rijk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologgia)" title="Regno (biologgia) — напуљски" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Regno (biologgia)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="напуљски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi) — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rike (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologisk_rike" title="Biologisk rike — норвешки нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biologisk rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвешки нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologia)" title="Règne (biologia) — окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Règne (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Кугыжаныш (биологий) — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кугыжаныш (биологий)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F_(%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8)" title="ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ (ଜୀବବିଜ୍ଞାନ) — одија" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ (ଜୀବବିଜ୍ଞାନ)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="одија" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunyo_(biologiya)" title="Dunyo (biologiya) — узбечки" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dunyo (biologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A4_(%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਜਗਤ (ਜੀਵ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) — пенџапски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਗਤ (ਜੀਵ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенџапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ) — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biologia)" title="Reino (biologia) — папијаменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Reino (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папијаменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA)" title="دیس (جیون پڑھت) — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیس (جیون پڑھت)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_(biologia)" title="Królestwo (biologia) — пољски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królestwo (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="пољски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biologia)" title="Reino (biologia) — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regn" title="Regn — румунски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikch%27aq_suyu" title="Rikch'aq suyu — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikch'aq suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царьство (біолоґія) — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Царьство (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Царство (биология) — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Царство (биология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Саарыстыба (биология) — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саарыстыба (биология)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbret%C3%ABria_(biologji)" title="Mbretëria (biologji) — албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mbretëria (biologji)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="රාජධානිය (ජීව විද්‍යාව) — синхалешки" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාජධානිය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnu_(biolugg%C3%ACa)" title="Regnu (bioluggìa) — сицилијански" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Regnu (bioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology) — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kingdom (biology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AD%C5%A1a_(taxon%C3%B3mia)" title="Ríša (taxonómia) — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ríša (taxonómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljestvo_(biologija)" title="Kraljestvo (biologija) — словеначки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kraljestvo (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словеначки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%8Dlestwo_(biologij%C5%8F)" title="Krōlestwo (biologijŏ) — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Krōlestwo (biologijŏ)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boqortooyo_(biyoloji)" title="Boqortooyo (biyoloji) — сомалски" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Boqortooyo (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(taksonomija)" title="Carstvo (taksonomija) — српскохрватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Carstvo (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="српскохрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunta_(biologia)" title="Kunta (biologia) — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kunta (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi) — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rike (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="திணை (உயிரியல்) — тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திணை (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnsartut_(Tasartut_tussnant)" title="Tasnsartut (Tasartut tussnant) — ташелхит" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnsartut (Tasartut tussnant)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташелхит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaharian_(biyolohiya)" title="Kaharian (biyolohiya) — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaharian (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagelda_(tasnudert)" title="Tagelda (tasnudert) — кабиле" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagelda (tasnudert)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабиле" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Патшалык (биология) — татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Патшалык (биология)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="อาณาจักร (ชีววิทยา) — тајски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาณาจักร (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Giới (sinh học) — вијетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giới (sinh học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вијетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="Силсила (зистшиносӣ) — таџички" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Силсила (зистшиносӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таџички" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82lem_(biyoloji)" title="Âlem (biyoloji) — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Âlem (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ealyk_(biologi%C3%BDa)" title="Şalyk (biologiýa) — туркменски" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şalyk (biologiýa)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царство (біологія) — украјински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Царство (біологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украјински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="مملکت (حیاتیات) — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مملکت (حیاتیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(tasonomia)" title="Regno (tasonomia) — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Regno (tasonomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringne_(biyolodjeye)" title="Ringne (biyolodjeye) — валонски" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ringne (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryk_(biologie)" title="Ryk (biologie) — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ryk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_(biyolohiya)" title="Regnum (biyolohiya) — варајски" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Regnum (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C%EF%BC%88%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%EF%BC%89" title="界（生物） — ву кинески" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="界（生物）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_(biologie)" title="Riek (biologie) — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Riek (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="界 (生物) — кинески" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="界 (生物)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C" title="界 — кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="界" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_(%C3%A8lmu_hayat)" title="Kerajaan (èlmu hayat) — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kerajaan (èlmu hayat)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">За другу употребу, погледајте чланак <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Царство">Царство</a>.</div> <div class="tright" style="border-color: #F8FCFF;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:158px;"> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.sr.jpg" title="The various levels of the scientific classification system."><img alt="The various levels of the scientific classification system." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sr.svg/150px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sr.svg/225px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sr.svg/300px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="590" usemap="#ImageMap_7b02e3ad40f0ebd9" /></a><map name="ImageMap_7b02e3ad40f0ebd9"><area href="/wiki/%C5%BDivot" shape="rect" coords="130,18,254,55" alt="Život" title="Život" /><area href="/wiki/Domen_(biologija)" shape="rect" coords="130,85,254,121" alt="domen" title="domen" /><area href="/wiki/Carstvo_(biologija)" shape="rect" coords="130,82,254,183" alt="carstvo" title="carstvo" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE" shape="rect" coords="130,213,254,251" alt="razdeo/tip" title="razdeo/tip" /><area href="/wiki/Klasa_(biologija)" shape="rect" coords="130,274,254,315" alt="кlasa" title="кlasa" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" shape="rect" coords="130,341,254,380" alt="red" title="red" /><area href="/wiki/Porodica_(biologija)" shape="rect" coords="130,406,254,445" alt="porodica" title="porodica" /><area href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" shape="rect" coords="130,471,254,510" alt="rod" title="rod" /><area href="/wiki/Vrsta" shape="rect" coords="130,536,254,575" alt="Vrsta" title="Vrsta" /></map><figcaption>The various levels of the scientific classification system.</figcaption></figure> <hr /> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.sr.jpg" title="Већа верзија"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Magnify-clip.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="11" /></a></span></div> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биолошка класификација">Биолошка класификација</a> осам главних <a href="/wiki/Taksonomski_rang" title="Taksonomski rang">таксономских рангова</a>.</div></div></div> <p>У <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биологија">биологији</a>, <b>царство</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински језик">лат.</a> <span lang="la"><i><i><span lang="la" title="латински текст">Regnum</span></i></i></span>) је једна од <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Таксономске категорије">таксономских категорија</a> у хијерархијској класификацији организама. Термин (на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински језик">лат.</a> <span lang="la"><i><i><span lang="la" title="латински текст">regnum naturæ</span></i></i></span>) је у науку увео <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Карл фон Лине">Карл Лине</a> 1735. године у првом издању дела <a href="/w/index.php?title=Systema_Natur%C3%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systema Naturæ (страница не постоји)">Systema Naturæ</a>, и дуго времена царство је било највиша таксономска категорија. Од 1960-их у употреби су и категорије изнад нивоа царства (натцарство и домен/домена). </p><p>Царство се у традиционалним <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника">ботаничким</a> класификацијама дели на разделе (<i>divisio</i>, мн. <i>divisiones</i>), док се у <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Зоологија">зоолошким</a> класификацијама дели на кола или типове (<i>phylum</i>, мн. <i>phyla</i>). Употреба термина <i>филум</i> који значи и раздео и коло, честа је у савременој неформалној биолошкој терминологији и пракси. Међународни код ботаничке номенклатуре (Члан 3.1) дозвољава употребу термина <i>phylum</i> у ботаничкој хијерархији. </p><p>Неке недавне класификације засноване на модерној <a href="/wiki/Cladistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Cladistics">кладистици</a> експлицитно су напустиле термин краљевство, уз напомену да нека традиционална краљевства нису <a href="/wiki/Monophyly" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyly">монофилетска</a>, што значи да се не састоје од свих потомака заједничког претка. Термини <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флора">флора</a></i> (за биљке), <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фауна">фауна</a></i> (за животиње) и, у 21. веку, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funga (страница не постоји)">funga</a></i> (за гљиве) се такође користе за живот присутан у одређеном региону или времену.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дефиниција_и_повезани_термини"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0_.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Дефиниција и повезани термини</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уредите одељак „Дефиниција и повезани термини”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди извор одељка: Дефиниција и повезани термини"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Када је <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Карл Лине">Карл Лине</a> у биологију увео рангирајући систем <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Биолошка номенклатура (страница не постоји)">номенклатуре</a>, <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>, највишем рангу је дат назив „царство”, испод којег су следила још четири главна или водећа ранга: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Разред (биологија) (страница не постоји)">разред</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ред (биологија)">ред</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Род (биологија)">род</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Врста (биологија)">врста</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Касније су уведена још два главна ранга, царство је подељено на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE" title="Раздео">колена или дивизије</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klasa_(biologija)" title="Klasa (biologija)">разреде</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ред (биологија)">редове</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Породица (биологија)">породице</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Генус">родове</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Врсте">врсте</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>У 1960-им је, изнад царства, уведен ранг <a href="/wiki/Domen_(biologija)" title="Domen (biologija)">домен или империја</a>, тако да царство више није највиши таксономски ранг. </p><p>Додавањем префикса као за <b>потцарство</b> или <b>инфрацарство</b>, издвајају се два ранга који су одмах испод царства. Суперцарство се може односити на еквивалент домена или империје или као независан ранг између царства и домена или поддомена. У неким системима класификације, додатни ранг је <b>грана</b> (латински: <i>ramus</i>), који је уметнут између потцарства и инфрацарства, као што су<a href="/wiki/Protostomia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protostomia">Protostomia</a> и <a href="/wiki/Deuterostomia" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterostomia">Deuterostomia</a> (у класификацији по Кавалиер-Смиту.<sup id="cite_ref-Cavalier-Smith_1998_203–66_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cavalier-Smith_1998_203–66-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Систем_са_два_царства_живих_бића"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC_.D1.81.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D1.86.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D0.B6.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.85_.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.9B.D0.B0"></span>Систем са два царства живих бића</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уредите одељак „Систем са два царства живих бића”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди извор одељка: Систем са два царства живих бића"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Антички истраживачи су делили тада познате организме у две групе, у непокретне <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Биљке">биљке</a> и покретне <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Животиње">животиње</a>. Исцрпну класификацију животиња дао је <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Аристотел">Аристотел</a>, а класификацију биљака његов ученик <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Теофраст">Теофраст</a>. Ова подела је била у употреби током <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Стари век">старог</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Средњи вијек">средњег века</a>, све до Карла Линеа.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Лине је у истраживања природе увео једноставна правила за класификовање, дао упутства намењена за природњаке (naturalista, historicus naturæ) како да класификују и извршио прву поделу природних ствари („corpora naturalia”) у три царства. Та царства била су царство <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Стене">стена</a> (Regnum Lapideum), царство биљака (Regnum Vegetabile) и царство животиња (Regnum Animale)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Прво царство обухватало је неживе класе [[минерал]а], <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Камен">камења</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Фосил">фосила</a>, док су друга два обухватала класе живих организама. Природњаке је, на основу царства које истражују, Лине поделио на литологе, фитологе и зоологе. </p><p><br /> </p> <table style="border-spacing: 0; border-collapse:separate;" title=""> <tbody><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ;">Живи организми</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ; background-color: lightgreen;">Биљке (Regnum Vegetabile)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ; background-color: pink;">Животиње (Regnum Animale)</td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Систем_са_три_царства_живих_организама"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC_.D1.81.D0.B0_.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8_.D1.86.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D0.B6.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.85_.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Систем са три царства живих организама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уредите одељак „Систем са три царства живих организама”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди извор одељка: Систем са три царства живих организама"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Услед све интензивнијег истраживања <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganizam" title="Mikroorganizam">микроорганизама</a> путем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Микроскоп">микроскопа</a>, већ средином <a href="/wiki/19._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="19. век">19. века</a> постало је јасно да је „постојећа <a href="/wiki/Dihotomija" title="Dihotomija">дихотомија</a> на биљно и животињско царство нејасних граница и старомодна“.<sup id="cite_ref-Scamardella1999_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scamardella1999-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Поједини научници (нпр. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ричард Овен">Ричард Овен</a>) дали су препоруке да се ново царство за микроорганизме. Стога је <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ернст Хекел">Ернст Хекел</a>, 1866. године, класификовао живе организме у три царства, где су ново царство чинили једноћелијски организми. </p><p><br /> </p> <table style="border-spacing: 0; border-collapse:separate;" title=""> <tbody><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ;">Живи организми</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed black;border-bottom:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 0px solid black; padding: 0.2em; background:#fee;;">једноћелијски</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 0px solid black; padding: 0.2em; background:#fee;;">вишећелијски</td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ; background-color: khaki;">Протисти (Protista)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ; background-color: lightgreen;">Биљке (Plantae)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ; background-color: pink;">Животиње (Animalia)</td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Системи_са_више_царстава"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B0_.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.88.D0.B5_.D1.86.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Системи са више царстава</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уредите одељак „Системи са више царстава”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди извор одељка: Системи са више царстава"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Развој <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Цитологија">цитологије</a> на почетку <a href="/wiki/20._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="20. век">20. века</a> донео је нова сазнања о грађи <a href="/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ћелија (биологија)">ћелије</a>. Међу микроорганизмима истраживачи су јасно под микроскопом могли разликовати оне који имају оформљено <a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Једро">једро</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Еукариоте">еукариоте</a>) од оних који га немају (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Прокариоте">прокариоте</a>). Копланд је <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>. године издвојио прокариотске групе, бактерије и модрозелене алге (данас зване модрозелене бактерије), у ново царство: Monera. </p><p>У другој половини 20. века ултраструктура ћелије је постајала све важнија у обличавању царстава и класификацији организама, тако да су створене категорије хијерархијски више у односу на царство: натцарство прокариота и натцарство еукариота. Паралелно, све више научника посматрало је <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Гљиве">гљиве</a> одвојено од биљака, на основу другачијег начина <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Исхрана">исхране</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роберт Витекер (страница не постоји)">Роберт Витекер</a> је 1969. године предложио систем класификације живих организама на пет царстава, која су се уклопила у два цитолошки дефинисана натцарства. Систем пет царстава 2003. године прихваћен је у настави биологије у <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Србија">Србији</a>, и налази се у уџбеницима. </p><p><br /> </p> <table style="border-spacing: 0; border-collapse:separate;" title=""> <tbody><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ;">Живи организми</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed black;border-bottom:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 0px solid black; padding: 0.2em; background:lightgrey;">натцарство Prokaryota</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 0px solid black; padding: 0.2em; background:lightgrey;">натцарство Eukaryota</td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ; background-color: lightgrey;">царство бактерија, Monera</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ; background-color: khaki;">царство протиста, Protista</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ; background-color: lightgreen;">царство биљака, (Plantae)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ; background-color: lightblue;">царство гљива, Fungi</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ; background-color: pink;">царство животиња, Animalia</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Архее_и_домене"><span id=".D0.90.D1.80.D1.85.D0.B5.D0.B5_.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Архее и домене</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Уредите одељак „Архее и домене”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=5" title="Уреди извор одељка: Архее и домене"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Phylogenetic_tree.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phylogenetic_tree.svg/250px-Phylogenetic_tree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phylogenetic_tree.svg/375px-Phylogenetic_tree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phylogenetic_tree.svg/500px-Phylogenetic_tree.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1860" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>рРНК <a href="/wiki/Filogenija" title="Filogenija">филогенетско стабло</a>, са приказане три домене</figcaption></figure> <p>Почев од краја 70-их година 20. века, у молекуларногенетичким истраживањима наследних информација, а у првом реду <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ген">гена</a> за рибозомалне <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рибонуклеинска киселина">РНК</a>, уочене су до тада скривене разлике међу прокариотским организмима. Ове разлике су биле веома велике, тако да су од царства бактерија издвојене „<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Археје">архебактерије</a>“. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Карл Воуз (страница не постоји)">Карл Воуз</a>, у то време један од најважнијих научника у истраживањима порекла еукариотских организама и реконструкције <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Еволуција (биологија)">еволуције</a> читавог живота, одлучио се на увођење нове таксономске категорије, домена или домене, на које је подељен читав живи свет. Установио је три домене, једну чине организми са еукариотском грађом ћелије (Eukarya), а две организми са прокариотском ћелијом (Bacteria и Archaea). Независно од општег плана грађе ћелије, архее су сличније и сродније еукариотским организмима него бактеријама. </p><p>Увођење разлика међу прокариотима на вишем нивоу (домена) натерало је систематичаре да некадашње царство Monera поделе на два (Eubacteria и Archaebacteria), од којих свако припада засебној домени. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Савремене_класификације"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B5"></span>Савремене класификације</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Уредите одељак „Савремене класификације”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=6" title="Уреди извор одељка: Савремене класификације"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Научне тежње да се филогенетски односи пресликају у хијерархијској класификацији (филогенетска систематика, нарочито молекуларна систематика) довеле су до честих реаранжмана у класификационим схемама живих организама. Описи царстава су критички истраживани, њихове делиминације често мењане, а свака нова информација о финим разликама у структури гена, грађи ћелија, метаболизмима и сл. уграђивана је у систематику царстава. Од Линеовског концепта царства се није одустало, али се све чешће идеја о највишем рангу поистовећује са категоријама домене и натцарства.<sup id="cite_ref-SimpsonRoger2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SimpsonRoger2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Eukaryota_tree.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Eukaryota_tree.svg/250px-Eukaryota_tree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Eukaryota_tree.svg/375px-Eukaryota_tree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Eukaryota_tree.svg/500px-Eukaryota_tree.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Еукариотска (нат)царства</figcaption></figure> <p>У оквиру домена археа и бактерија, филогенетски односи се још увек расветљавају те су организми груписани у филуме (разделе), а царстава нема<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. У оквиру еукариотске домене, највише промена се десило услед детаљнијег истраживања једноћелијских организама (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Протист">протиста</a>). Раније „чудна групација оних организама које не можемо сврстати у животиње, биљке или гљиве“<sup id="cite_ref-SR_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Данас се протисти сматрају основом неколико различитих и великих еукариотских натцарстава. Научници Симпсон и Роџер залагали су се за монофилетско порекло натцарстава те су 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-SR_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> поделили еукариотску домену на 6 великих група, које најчешће изједначавамо са натцарствима: <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcaheplastida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcaheplastida (страница не постоји)">Arcaheplastida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chromalveolata" title="Chromalveolata">Chromalveolata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a> и <a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a>. Најновија генетичка истраживања указала су да су Rhizaria подгрупа у оквиру Chromalveolata, а очекује се још промена у класификацији еукариота и јасно дефинисање царстава. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Види_још"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B8_.D1.98.D0.BE.D1.88"></span>Види још</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Уредите одељак „Види још”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=7" title="Уреди извор одељка: Види још"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Класификација">Класификација</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Таксономске категорије">Таксономске категорије</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кладистика">Кладистика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filogenija" title="Filogenija">Филогенија</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Карл фон Лине">Карл Лине</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Референце"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B5"></span>Референце</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Уредите одељак „Референце”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=8" title="Уреди извор одељка: Референце"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440201">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111141833/https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/statement-3f.pdf">„IUCN SSC acceptance of Fauna Flora Funga”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Fungal Conservation Committee, IUCN SSC. 2021. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/statement-3f.pdf">оригинала</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 11. 11. 2021. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">01. 01. 2023</span></span>. „<i>The IUCN Species Survival Commission calls for the due recognition of fungi as major components of biodiversity in legislation and policy. It fully endorses the Fauna Flora Funga Initiative and asks that the phrases <b>animals and plants</b> and <b>fauna and flora</b> be replaced with <b>animals, fungi, and plants</b> and <b>fauna, flora, and funga</b>.</i>”</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%29&rft.btitle=IUCN+SSC+acceptance+of+Fauna+Flora+Funga&rft.date=2021&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Fungal+Conservation+Committee%2C+IUCN+SSC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucn.org%2Fsites%2Fdev%2Ffiles%2Fstatement-3f.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucn.org/news/species-survival-commission/202108/rewild-and-iucn-ssc-become-first-global-organizations-call-recognition-fungi-one-three-kingdoms-life-critical-protecting-and-restoring-earth">„Re:wild and IUCN SSC become first global organizations to call for the recognition of fungi as one of three kingdoms of life critical to protecting and restoring Earth”</a>. <i>International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)</i>. 3. 8. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%29&rft.atitle=Re%3Awild+and+IUCN+SSC+become+first+global+organizations+to+call+for+the+recognition+of+fungi+as+one+of+three+kingdoms+of+life+critical+to+protecting+and+restoring+Earth&rft.date=2021-08-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Union+for+Conservation+of+Nature+%28IUCN%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucn.org%2Fnews%2Fspecies-survival-commission%2F202108%2Frewild-and-iucn-ssc-become-first-global-organizations-call-recognition-fungi-one-three-kingdoms-life-critical-protecting-and-restoring-earth&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">C. 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(1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=685">„A revised six-kingdom system of life”</a>, <i>Biological Reviews</i>, <b>73</b> (3): 203—66, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9809012">9809012</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x">10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%29&rft.atitle=A+revised+six-kingdom+system+of+life&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Biological+Reviews&rft.pages=203-66&rft.volume=73&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%2Faction%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26aid%3D685&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9809012&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Singer, Charles J. 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Lugduni Batavorum. (Haak).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scamardella1999-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scamardella1999_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Scamardella, Joseph M. 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(2004). „The real 'kingdoms' of eukaryotes”. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Current_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Current Biology (страница не постоји)">Current Biology</a></i>. <b>14</b> (17): R693—R696. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15341755">15341755</a>. <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207051421">207051421</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2004.08.038">10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.038</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Слободан приступ"><img alt="Слободан приступ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%29&rft.atitle=The+real+%27kingdoms%27+of+eukaryotes&rft.au=Roger%2C+Andrew+J.&rft.aufirst=Alastair+G.B.&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=17&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.pages=R693-R696&rft.volume=14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207051421&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2004.08.038&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15341755&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taxonomicoutline.org/">The Taxonomic Outline of Bacteria and Archaea (TOBA)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502073028/http://www.taxonomicoutline.org/">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2. мај 2013), верзија 7.7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SR-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SR_11-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR_11-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Simpson, A.G.B., Roger, A.J. 2004. The real ‘kingdoms’ of eukaryotes. <i>Current Biology</i> <b>14</b>(17): R693–696.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Уредите одељак „Литература”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=9" title="Уреди извор одељка: Литература"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440192">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Pelentier, B. (2007-2015). <i>Empire Biota: a comprehensive taxonomy</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202201721/http://www.empirebiota.info/">[1]</a>. [Historical overview.]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_H._Raven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter H. Raven (страница не постоји)">Peter H. Raven</a> and Helena Curtis (1970), <i>Biology of Plants</i>, New York: Worth Publishers. [Early presentation of five-kingdom system.]</li> <li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Croizat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Croizat (страница не постоји)">Croizat, Leon</a> (јануар 1945). „History and Nomenclature of the Higher Units of Classification”. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulletin_of_the_Torrey_Botanical_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (страница не постоји)">Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</a></i>. <b>72</b> (1): 52—75. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2481265">2481265</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2481265">10.2307/2481265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%29&rft.atitle=History+and+Nomenclature+of+the+Higher+Units+of+Classification&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft.aulast=Croizat&rft.date=1945&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Club&rft.pages=52-75&rft.volume=72&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2481265&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2481265&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Benton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. 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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-947643-44-3" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-947643-44-3">0-947643-44-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Carroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert L. Carroll (страница не постоји)">Carroll, Robert L.</a> 1988. <i>Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution</i>. New York: W.H. 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Benton (ed.), <i>The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds</i>, 59–102. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</li> <li>Novacek, Michael J. 1986. "The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level classification of eutherian mammals". <i>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</i> <b>183</b>: 1–112.</li> <li>Sereno, Paul C. 1986. "Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia)". <i>National Geographic Research</i> <b>2</b>: 234–56.</li> <li>Willis, K.J., and J.C. McElwain. 2002. <i>The Evolution of Plants</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-19-850065-3" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-19-850065-3">0-19-850065-3</a></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Raoult, Didier; Audic, Stéphane; Robert, Catherine; Abergel, Chantal; Renesto, Patricia; Ogata, Hiroyuki; La Scola, Bernard; Suzan, Marie; Claverie, Jean-Michel (2004). „The 1.2 megabase genome sequence of Mimivirus”. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>306</b> (5700): 1344—1350. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Sci...306.1344R">2004Sci...306.1344R</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486256">15486256</a>. <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84298461">84298461</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1101485">10.1126/science.1101485</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%28%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%29&rft.atitle=The+1.2+megabase+genome+sequence+of+Mimivirus&rft.au=Abergel%2C+Chantal&rft.au=Audic%2C+St%C3%A9phane&rft.au=Claverie%2C+Jean-Michel&rft.au=La+Scola%2C+Bernard&rft.au=Ogata%2C+Hiroyuki&rft.au=Renesto%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Robert%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Suzan%2C+Marie&rft.aufirst=Didier&rft.aulast=Raoult&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5700&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1344-1350&rft.volume=306&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84298461&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004Sci...306.1344R&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1101485&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15486256&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Спољашње_везе"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.99.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.9A.D0.B5_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B5"></span>Спољашње везе</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Уредите одељак „Спољашње везе”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=10" title="Уреди извор одељка: Спољашње везе"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.futura.edu.rs/buduciStudenti/prirucnik_za_prijemni_ispit/Prirucnik%20za%20polaganje%20prijemnog%20ispita.pdf">Универзитет Сингидунум: Приручник за полагање пријемног испита, Биодиверзитет, pp. 6 </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthlingnature.wordpress.com/2011/12/05/a-brief-history-of-the-kingdoms-of-life/">A Brief History of the Kingdoms of Life</a> at Earthling Nature</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/trfeb98.htm">The five kingdom concept</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107151103/https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/trfeb98.htm">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (7. новембар 2021)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080105094632/http://home.manhattan.edu/~frances.cardillo/plants/intro/plntlist.html">Whittaker's classification</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25469611">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ред (биологија)">Подред</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ред (биологија)">Инфраред</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ред (биологија)">Парвред</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width: 11%;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Секција (биологија) (страница не постоји)">Секција (<abbr title="зоологија">зоо.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Породица (биологија)">Натпородица</a></li> <li><strong><a 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<ul><li><strong><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Род (биологија)">Род</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Подрод (страница не постоји)">Подрод</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Секција (ботаника) (страница не постоји)">Секција (<abbr title="ботасника">бот.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Серија (ботаника) (страница не постоји)">Серија (<abbr title="ботаника">бот.</abbr>)</a></i></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 1.75em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kompleksna_vrsta" title="Kompleksna vrsta">Комплексна врста</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Врста (биологија)">Врста</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podvrsta" title="Podvrsta">Подврста</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Варијетет (ботаника) (страница не постоји)">Варијетет (<abbr title="ботаника">бот.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Форма (ботаника) (страница не постоји)">Форма (<abbr title="ботаника">бот.</abbr>)</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25469611"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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