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mb-4"><h1 data-testid="article-title" class="mb-2 font-lct text-4xl font-bold !leading-[1.3] tracking-[-0.045rem] text-gray-850 md:px-6 md:text-10xl">COP29 close to carbon deal as questions loom about market integrity</h1><div class="mb-6 md:px-6 min-h-[50px] text-gray-850 mt-4 space-y-4 md:flex md:flex-wrap md:space-y-0" data-testid="article-authors-list-component"><div class="flex items-center"><img class="flex-shrink-0 rounded-full" src="/assets-web2/default-BSkyYMCQ.png" width="50" height="50"/><div class="flex flex-col flex-wrap pl-2"><div class="font-public-sans text-xs font-normal leading-6 text-gray-650"><span data-testid="article-published-time">Published Sat, Nov 23, 2024 · 08:11 AM</span></div></div></div></div><div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between border-b border-t border-gray-250 py-3 md:mx-6 md:mb-6 md:py-4"><div data-testid="article-keyword-filter-first" class="w-full"><div data-testid="article-top-keyword" class="p-3 inline-block w-full bg-transparent !p-0 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credits agreement is likely to pave the way for more trading activity under a new market overseen by the UN. PHOTO: REUTERS</div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="body-content tracking-tighter mb-6 mt-4 font-lucida text-lg font-medium leading-normal tracking-[-0.05625rem] text-gray-850 antialiased md:px-8 md:text-xl" data-testid="article-paragraphs-component"><div class="relative mb-4 md:mb-6"><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">NEGOTIATORS at the COP29 climate summit in Azerbaijan are close to landing a carbon credits agreement after almost a decade of deliberation. The decision, if adopted, will pave the way for more trading activity under a new market overseen by the United Nations.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Securing a deal on the latest set of rules for Article 6 was a top priority for the Azeri COP29 Presidency. On day one of the summit, negotiators rushed through a deal advancing rules on how a new UN-backed global crediting mechanism will function. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Late Friday, texts were published that revealed further details for Article 6.4, as well as the rules for how countries can trade credits they plan to use to meet their national emissions reductions goals under the Paris climate agreement in Article 6.2.</p><div class="my-8 md:my-12 w-screen bg-gray-125 transition-all duration-300 border-gray-175 min-h-0 border-y-0 bg-none py-0" style="max-width:0px;margin-left:calc(-1*(0px - 100%) / 2 );height:0"><div data-component="component-container" class="container px-3 sticky top-[120px]"><div class="relative mx-auto w-full md:w-10/12 md:px-8 lg:w-8/12"><div class="text-center text-center" data-testid="advertisement-element"><div id="dfp-ad-imu1" class="adunit-component"></div></div></div></div></div><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">The rulebook allows for countries to trade carbon credits with each other, as well as companies. Critically, it details an accounting system for how a country selling a credit can deduct that off its national carbon inventory to prevent the same credit from being used twice. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Lambert Schneider, research coordinator for international climate policy at Oeko-Institut, called the latest texts an “important achievement” because negotiators have managed to iron out a number of unaddressed issues.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">That includes provisions for a robust accounting of credits that countries can use against their climate targets, so-called internationally transferred mitigation outcomes or ITMOs, as well as for more detailed information from countries on how the credits they trade meet general market standards around environmental integrity.</p><div class="py-10 md:-mx-8"><div class="mb-6 border border-gray-175 p-6 md:p-8"><div class="" data-component="specific-newsletter"><h5 class="mb-6 border-b border-gray-850 py-2 !font-poppins text-base font-semibold uppercase tracking-5% md:text-lg">A NEWSLETTER FOR YOU</h5><div class="flex py-3 md:px-10 md:py-6"><img alt="Newsletter Img" class="hidden h-auto max-w-full self-start min-[321px]:block" width="75" height="75" src="/assets-web2/newsletter_esg-BltNROj8.png"/><div class="min-[321px]:pl-4 md:pl-6"><p class="mb-1 font-poppins text-4xs font-light uppercase tracking-[1px] text-gray-850">Friday, 12.30 pm</p><h5 role="name" class="!font-poppins text-xl font-medium text-gray-850">ESG Insights</h5><p role="description" class="mb-3 font-public-sans text-base font-light tracking-normal text-gray-850 md:text-lg ">An exclusive weekly report on the latest environmental, social and governance issues.</p><div class="relative hidden w-full md:block md:w-4/5 lg:w-7/10 xl:w-6/10"><div class="relative"><button data-size="md" type="button" class="!outline-none focus-within:outline-none focus:outline-none outline-0 focus-within:outline-0 focus:outline-0 flex cursor-pointer items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap rounded-full border border-solid border-gray-175 text-center !font-poppins text-gray-850 transition-all duration-150 hover:border-gray-850 data-[size=lg]:h-[68px] data-[size=md]:h-[42px] data-[size=sm]:h-[36px] font-semibold text-xs tracking-[0.02em] w-full min-w-[155px] bg-transparent px-0 py-0 hover:bg-transparent md:max-w-[155px]" data-rac="" id="react-aria-:Rmabcoodcscu5:">Sign Up</button></div></div></div></div><div class="relative block w-full md:hidden"><div class="relative"><button data-size="md" type="button" class="!outline-none focus-within:outline-none focus:outline-none outline-0 focus-within:outline-0 focus:outline-0 flex cursor-pointer items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap rounded-full border border-solid border-gray-175 text-center !font-poppins text-gray-850 transition-all duration-150 hover:border-gray-850 data-[size=lg]:h-[68px] data-[size=md]:h-[42px] data-[size=sm]:h-[36px] font-semibold text-xs tracking-[0.02em] w-full min-w-[155px] bg-transparent px-0 py-0 hover:bg-transparent md:max-w-[155px]" data-rac="" id="react-aria-:Rnbcoodcscu5:">Sign Up</button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="w-screen bg-gray-125 transition-all duration-300 border-gray-175 min-h-0 border-y-0 bg-none py-0" style="max-width:0px;margin-left:calc(-1*(0px - 100%) / 2 );height:0"><div data-component="component-container" class="container px-3 sticky top-[120px]"><div class="relative mx-auto w-full md:w-10/12 md:px-8 lg:w-8/12"><div class="text-center text-center" data-testid="advertisement-element"><div id="dfp-ad-midarticlespecial" class="adunit-component my-8 md:my-12"></div></div></div></div></div><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">But there also remains a number of “shortcomings,” Schneider said. This includes a lack of consequences for countries where there’s inconsistencies in reporting. Instead of a requirement to halt trading, the discrepancy will simply be flagged in the system.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">A number of countries, including Singapore, Switzerland, Thailand and Japan, have already struck agreements to trade ITMOs before finalisation of the rulebook. In practice, the rules will almost certainly evolve in the coming years.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Still, the extra clarity from a decision will provide a “good signal” for further market development, said Andrea Bonzanni, international policy director at the International Emissions Trading Association, an industry body.</p><div class="mb-6 mt-8 border border-gray-175 p-6 md:-mx-8 md:mt-0 md:p-8" data-testid="article-read-more"><div><div class="mb-6 border-b border-gray-850 pb-2 !font-poppins text-base font-semibold leading-normal tracking-5% text-gray-850 md:text-lg">SEE ALSO</div><div data-testid="section-article-read-more"><div class="mb-6" data-testid="article-read-more-items"><div data-testid="basic-card" data-cueid="5382440" class="relative flex flex-wrap items-start gap-4"><div class="relative flex order-1 flex-shrink-0 w-[70px] lg:w-[90px]"><div class="flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-250 w-full"><div class="w-full" style="position:relative"><a rel="noopener" href="/esg/cop29-singapore-close-inking-carbon-credit-transfer-deal-peru" target="_blank"><picture><source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/4d97b607b649c8a0728d23187eb1fc21d490e0f2718c81df5315994e0d9edeba?w=180&h=120&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/4d97b607b649c8a0728d23187eb1fc21d490e0f2718c81df5315994e0d9edeba?w=140&h=100&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/4d97b607b649c8a0728d23187eb1fc21d490e0f2718c81df5315994e0d9edeba?w=300&h=200&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><img src="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/4d97b607b649c8a0728d23187eb1fc21d490e0f2718c81df5315994e0d9edeba?q=20&w=3&h=2&f=webp" loading="lazy" alt="Peru’s Deputy Minister of Strategic Development of Natural Resources Raquel Soto (left) and Singapore’s Minister for Sustainability and the Environment Grace Fu at COP29. The progress with Peru is the second bilateral carbon credit collaboration that Singapore has made advances in at the summit." class="w-full aspect-3x2"/></picture></a></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col w-full-120px lg:w-2/3 order-2 text-white"><h3 class="_title_d4ajx_12 !text-base my-0 leading-[1.3rem] tracking-normal !font-lct" data-testid="title_link_5382440"><a class="inherit word-break hover:underline !text-gray-850" rel="noopener" title="COP29: Singapore close to inking carbon credit transfer deal with Peru " href="/esg/cop29-singapore-close-inking-carbon-credit-transfer-deal-peru" target="_blank">COP29: Singapore close to inking carbon credit transfer deal with Peru </a></h3></div></div></div><div class="mb-6" data-testid="article-read-more-items"><div data-testid="basic-card" data-cueid="5382352" class="relative flex flex-wrap items-start gap-4"><div class="relative flex order-1 flex-shrink-0 w-[70px] lg:w-[90px]"><div class="flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-250 w-full"><div class="w-full" style="position:relative"><a rel="noopener" href="/esg/issue-126-singapore-sets-peak-emissions-date-asean-taxonomys-existential-threat" target="_blank"><picture><source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/6c112dbdb0f644c96f3905fee3ad411f97e679e65aca1c13fc74f065a0c06fe6?w=180&h=120&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/6c112dbdb0f644c96f3905fee3ad411f97e679e65aca1c13fc74f065a0c06fe6?w=140&h=100&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/6c112dbdb0f644c96f3905fee3ad411f97e679e65aca1c13fc74f065a0c06fe6?w=300&h=200&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><img src="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/6c112dbdb0f644c96f3905fee3ad411f97e679e65aca1c13fc74f065a0c06fe6?q=20&w=3&h=2&f=webp" loading="lazy" alt="Singapore projects peak emissions of 61.92 million tonnes of greenhouse gases in 2028." class="w-full aspect-3x2"/></picture></a></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col w-full-120px lg:w-2/3 order-2 text-white"><h3 class="_title_d4ajx_12 !text-base my-0 leading-[1.3rem] tracking-normal !font-lct" data-testid="title_link_5382352"><a class="inherit word-break hover:underline !text-gray-850" rel="noopener" title="Issue 126: Singapore sets peak emissions date; Asean Taxonomy’s existential threat" href="/esg/issue-126-singapore-sets-peak-emissions-date-asean-taxonomys-existential-threat" target="_blank">Issue 126: Singapore sets peak emissions date; Asean Taxonomy’s existential threat</a></h3></div></div></div><div class="mb-6" data-testid="article-read-more-items"><div data-testid="basic-card" data-cueid="5378449" class="relative flex flex-wrap items-start gap-4"><div class="relative flex order-1 flex-shrink-0 w-[70px] lg:w-[90px]"><div class="flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-250 w-full"><div class="w-full" style="position:relative"><a rel="noopener" href="/companies-markets/banking-finance/hsbc-shelves-plans-trading-financing-carbon-credits" target="_blank"><picture><source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/f2c0a64fa7a0df59057507142c07c9986757c5d2b4e81cfef3927f5de3ff71e5?w=180&h=120&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/f2c0a64fa7a0df59057507142c07c9986757c5d2b4e81cfef3927f5de3ff71e5?w=140&h=100&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/f2c0a64fa7a0df59057507142c07c9986757c5d2b4e81cfef3927f5de3ff71e5?w=300&h=200&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><img src="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/f2c0a64fa7a0df59057507142c07c9986757c5d2b4e81cfef3927f5de3ff71e5?q=20&w=3&h=2&f=webp" loading="lazy" alt="HSBC’s carbon-desk plans were relatively short-lived." class="w-full aspect-3x2"/></picture></a></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col w-full-120px lg:w-2/3 order-2 text-white"><h3 class="_title_d4ajx_12 !text-base my-0 leading-[1.3rem] tracking-normal !font-lct" data-testid="title_link_5378449"><a class="inherit word-break hover:underline !text-gray-850" rel="noopener" title="HSBC shelves plans for trading, financing carbon credits" href="/companies-markets/banking-finance/hsbc-shelves-plans-trading-financing-carbon-credits" target="_blank">HSBC shelves plans for trading, financing carbon credits</a></h3></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="section-related-stories" class="overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300" style="height:0"><div class="mb-6" data-testid="article-read-more-items"><div data-testid="basic-card" data-cueid="5375826" class="relative flex flex-wrap items-start gap-4"><div class="relative flex order-1 flex-shrink-0 w-[70px] lg:w-[90px]"><div class="flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-250 w-full"><div class="w-full" style="position:relative"><a rel="noopener" href="/esg/cop29-climate-financing-target-likely-fall-short-developing-countries-needs-report" target="_blank"><picture><source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/2fa0dab85e365e729ce6b6fda77706402bbd904fb8255c89fee3554c97738fa9?w=180&h=120&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/2fa0dab85e365e729ce6b6fda77706402bbd904fb8255c89fee3554c97738fa9?w=140&h=100&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><source srcSet="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/2fa0dab85e365e729ce6b6fda77706402bbd904fb8255c89fee3554c97738fa9?w=300&h=200&dpr=1&f=webp 1x"/><img src="https://cassette.sphdigital.com.sg/image/businesstimes/2fa0dab85e365e729ce6b6fda77706402bbd904fb8255c89fee3554c97738fa9?q=20&w=3&h=2&f=webp" loading="lazy" alt="An installation is on display near the venue of the United Nations climate change conference COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan November 16, 2024. REUTERS/Janis Laizans" class="w-full aspect-3x2"/></picture></a></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-grow flex-col w-full-120px lg:w-2/3 order-2 text-white"><h3 class="_title_d4ajx_12 !text-base my-0 leading-[1.3rem] tracking-normal !font-lct" data-testid="title_link_5375826"><a class="inherit word-break hover:underline !text-gray-850" rel="noopener" title="COP29 climate financing target likely to fall short of developing countries’ needs: report" href="/esg/cop29-climate-financing-target-likely-fall-short-developing-countries-needs-report" target="_blank">COP29 climate financing target likely to fall short of developing countries’ needs: report</a></h3></div></div></div></div><div class="w-full"><div class="cursor-pointer place-self-center border-t border-gray-175 pt-3 text-right !font-poppins text-base font-semibold capitalize tracking-normal !text-gray-850 [@media(hover:hover)]:hover:underline">More</div></div></div></div><div class="my-8 md:my-12 w-screen bg-gray-125 transition-all duration-300 border-gray-175 min-h-0 border-y-0 bg-none py-0" style="max-width:0px;margin-left:calc(-1*(0px - 100%) / 2 );height:0"><div data-component="component-container" class="container px-3 sticky top-[120px]"><div class="mx-auto w-full md:w-10/12 md:px-8 lg:w-8/12"><div class="text-center text-center" data-testid="advertisement-element"><div id="dfp-ad-imu2" class="adunit-component"></div></div></div></div></div><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Industry campaigners, meanwhile, are concerned the rules set a low bar for countries and may facilitate the trading of credits that have little environmental value.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">The voluntary carbon market, a separate existing system for trading credits, has been the target of greenwashing allegations because many of the units have not delivered the promised reduction in planet-warming emissions. That has caused buyers, including some of the world’s largest companies, to exit the market or seek higher-quality and more expensive credits that remove carbon dioxide from the air.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Already Article 6.2 has been designed through the UN system with limited safeguards, allowing countries to effectively agree with each other over what counts as a high-quality unit.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">“The system is already so flawed that even if you get some minor improvements at this COP, you’re not going to salvage the framework in terms of the quality of the credits traded,” said Isa Mulder, policy expert at nonprofit Carbon Market Watch.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">Some early deals are already leading to questions. Switzerland’s deal with Ghana for credits tied to clean cookstoves promises 3.2 million tonnes of emissions reductions, which a nonprofit Alliance Sud says is overestimating the carbon savings by 79 per cent.</p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">The latest texts are “a disappointing set of rules for a disappointingly open framework,” said Jonathan Crook, policy lead on global carbon markets at Carbon Market Watch. </p><p class="mb-4 md:mb-6 leading-8 -tracking-5%" data-story-element="paragraph" data-testid="paragraph-component">If adopted, the texts “would put a lot of weight on the shoulders” of independent observers to scrutinise the actions of market participants. Article 6.2 is “shaping up” to be a “Wild West,” Crook said. 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