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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Disponível em 22 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaskul%C3%AAre_endoteel_groeifaktor" title="Vaskulêre endoteel groeifaktor — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vaskulêre endoteel groeifaktor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="عامل النمو البطاني الوعائي — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عامل النمو البطاني الوعائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/VEGF" title="VEGF — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="VEGF" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_de_creixement_de_l%27endoteli_vascular" title="Factor de creixement de l'endoteli vascular — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Factor de creixement de l'endoteli vascular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_Endothelial_Growth_Factor" title="Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vascular endothelial growth factor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_de_crecimiento_endotelial_vascular" title="Factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C" title="فاکتور رشد اندوتلیال عروقی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فاکتور رشد اندوتلیال عروقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/VEGF" title="VEGF — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="VEGF" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facteur_de_croissance_de_l%E2%80%99endoth%C3%A9lium_vasculaire" title="Facteur de croissance de l’endothélium vasculaire — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Facteur de croissance de l’endothélium vasculaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_de_crecemento_endotelial_vascular" title="Factor de crecemento endotelial vascular — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Factor de crecemento endotelial vascular" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktor_pertumbuhan_endotel_vaskular" title="Faktor pertumbuhan endotel vaskular — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Faktor pertumbuhan endotel vaskular" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fattore_di_crescita_dell%27endotelio_vascolare" title="Fattore di crescita dell'endotelio vascolare — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fattore di crescita dell'endotelio vascolare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E5%86%85%E7%9A%AE%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%A2%97%E6%AE%96%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="血管内皮細胞増殖因子 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="血管内皮細胞増殖因子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czynnik_wzrostu_%C5%9Br%C3%B3db%C5%82onka_naczyniowego" title="Czynnik wzrostu śródbłonka naczyniowego — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czynnik wzrostu śródbłonka naczyniowego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Факторы роста эндотелия сосудов — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Факторы роста эндотелия сосудов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaskularni_endotelni_faktor_rasta" title="Vaskularni endotelni faktor rasta — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vaskularni endotelni faktor rasta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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.tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Sem_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Este artigo ou secção contém <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes#Referências_no_fim" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">uma lista de referências no fim do texto</a>, mas as suas fontes não são claras porque <b>não são <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes#Referências_no_texto" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">citadas no corpo do artigo</a></b>, o que <b>compromete a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">confiabilidade</a></b> das informações.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fator_de_crescimento_do_endot%C3%A9lio_vascular&action=edit">melhorar</a></span> este artigo <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserindo citações no corpo do artigo</a>.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Novembro de 2022</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:VEGF_receptors.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/VEGF_receptors.png/220px-VEGF_receptors.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/VEGF_receptors.png/330px-VEGF_receptors.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/VEGF_receptors.png/440px-VEGF_receptors.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Na imagem, estão representados 3 tipos de fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (FCEV).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fator de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular</b>, ou <b>FCEV</b>, também conhecido como VEGF (do inglês, <i>vascular endothelial growth fator</i>), é uma <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%ADna" title="Proteína">proteína</a> sinalizadora que intervém na <a href="/wiki/Gesta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Gestação">gestação</a> humana. A molécula está envolvida na regeneração muscular e tecidular e promove a <a href="/wiki/Angiog%C3%AAnese" title="Angiogênese">angiogénese</a> (crescimento de novos vasos sanguíneos a partir de vasos existentes). O FCEV é um potente e seletivo fator <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitog%C3%AAnico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitogênico (página não existe)">mitogênico</a> para o <a href="/wiki/Endot%C3%A9lio" title="Endotélio">endotélio</a>, produzindo uma rápida e completa <a href="/wiki/Angiog%C3%AAnese" title="Angiogênese">resposta angiogénica</a>, e um aumento da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permeabilidade_capilar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permeabilidade capilar (página não existe)">permeabilidade capilar</a> (Boudreau e Myers, 2003; Jobim et al., 2008). Este fator encadeia os estímulos necessários para a proliferação das células do endotélio vascular, bem como pelas migrações destas para formação de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubos_capilares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubos capilares (página não existe)">tubos capilares</a> que darão origem a vasos de maior calibre, de acordo com a necessidade de estímulos (Nicosia, 1998), um processo presente em todas as fases da vida e especialmente durante a formação do <a href="/wiki/Feto" title="Feto">feto</a>. Para haver crescimento de novos vasos sanguíneos, a angiogénese requer várias <a href="/wiki/Hormona" title="Hormona">hormonas</a>, proteínas e <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">processos metabólicos</a>. </p><p>Vários estudos recentes estabelecem uma ligação entre o FCEV e doenças cancerígenas. Estudos mostram que a proteína FCEV causa o crescimento acelerado e desordenado dos <a href="/wiki/Tumores" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumores">tumores</a>, pois o crescimento de novos vasos sanguíneos causa a proliferação do cancro.<span style="color:gray"><sup>[</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la desde agosto de 2023." style="color:gray"><i>carece de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">]</span></sup> Outros estudos salientam que praticar exercício físico por mais de 6 meses aumenta a concentração de FCEV no organismo; o que explica o efeito do exercício físico no reforço e aumento de conexões neurais envolvidas na <a href="/wiki/Cogni%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Cognição">cognição</a>, no <a href="/wiki/Humor" title="Humor">humor</a> e no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Controlo_emocional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Controlo emocional (página não existe)">controlo emocional</a>. </p><p>Existem outras moléculas participantes na regulação positiva da angiogênese além do FCEV, entre elas o fator ácido de crescimento de <a href="/wiki/Fibroblasto" title="Fibroblasto">fibroblastos</a> (aFGF), FGF básico, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fator_de_crescimento_transformante_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fator de crescimento transformante alfa (página não existe)">fator de crescimento transformante alfa</a> (TGF-α), TGF-β, fator de crescimento de <a href="/wiki/Hepat%C3%B3cito" title="Hepatócito">hepatócitos</a> (HGF), fator de <a href="/wiki/Necrose" title="Necrose">necrose</a> tumoral alfa (TNF-α), <a href="/wiki/Angiogenina" title="Angiogenina">angiogenina</a>, interleucinas 8 (IL-8) e as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiopoitinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiopoitinas (página não existe)">angiopoitinas</a> (Ang-1 e Ang-2), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fator_de_crescimento_derivado_de_plaquetas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fator de crescimento derivado de plaquetas (página não existe)">fator de crescimento derivado de plaquetas</a> (PDGF), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivado_da_gl%C3%A2ndula_end%C3%B3crina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derivado da glândula endócrina (página não existe)">derivado da glândula endócrina</a> (EG-FCEV), <a href="/wiki/Leptina" title="Leptina">leptina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandina" title="Prostaglandina">prostaglandinas</a> (Yancopoulos et al., 2000). A sinalização para o início da angiogênese ocorre por meio da ligação do FCEV a receptores específicos de atividade <a href="/wiki/Tirosina_quinase" title="Tirosina quinase">tirosina quinase</a>, presentes na superfície das <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lula_endotelial" title="Célula endotelial">células endoteliais</a>, e em células derivadas da <a href="/wiki/Medula_%C3%B3ssea" title="Medula óssea">medula óssea</a>. Esses receptores são denominados: FCEVR-1, FCEVR-2, FCEVR-3 (Veikkola et al., 2000). </p><p>A ativação do FCEV ocorre por vários estímulos, como a <a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B3xia" title="Hipóxia">hipóxia</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Isquemia" title="Isquemia">isquemia</a>, baixo pH, <a href="/wiki/Citocina" title="Citocina">citocinas</a>, fatores de crescimento, tamanho do tumor, <a href="/wiki/Oncogene" title="Oncogene">oncogenes</a> ativados, entre outros (Graça et al., 2004). Em situações de baixa tensão de oxigênio, há um aumento da quantidade de óxido nítrico circulante e, por conseguinte, ocorre uma <a href="/wiki/Vasodilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Vasodilatação">vasodilatação</a> periférica e bloqueio da degradação dos fatores. Sabe-se que o FCEV pertence a uma família de <a href="/wiki/Glicoprote%C3%ADna" title="Glicoproteína">glicoproteínas</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADmero" title="Dímero">diméricas</a> que inclui o FCEV-A, FCEV-B, FCEV-C, FCEV-D, FCEV-E, FCEV-F e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fator_de_crescimento_de_placenta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fator de crescimento de placenta (página não existe)">fator de crescimento de placenta</a> (PIGF) (Senger et al., 1983; Veikkolaet al., 2000; Shibuya, 2001; Dvorak, 2002; Yamazaki et al., 2005). Verifica-se uma estrutura comum de oito resíduos de <a href="/wiki/Ciste%C3%ADna" title="Cisteína">cisteína</a> no domínio de homologia molecular do FCEV, em todos os seus derivados. Em particular, o FCEV-A, ou FCEV, é o fator mais bem estudado e compreendido (Roy et al., 2006). </p> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Molecular_biology?uselang=pt">Fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular</a></span></b></div> </div> <p>Esta <a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">categoria</a> contém páginas sobre <a href="/wiki/Biologia_molecular" title="Biologia molecular">biologia molecular</a>. </p> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Trilobite_clipart-vector.svg" title="Portal da biologia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Trilobite_clipart-vector.svg/25px-Trilobite_clipart-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Trilobite_clipart-vector.svg/38px-Trilobite_clipart-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Trilobite_clipart-vector.svg/50px-Trilobite_clipart-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="548" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biologia" title="Portal:Biologia">Portal da biologia</a></span></span></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referências"><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fator_de_crescimento_do_endot%C3%A9lio_vascular&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Referências" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fator_de_crescimento_do_endot%C3%A9lio_vascular&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Referências"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Achen MG, Jeltsch M, Kukk E, Makinen T, Vitali A, Wilks AF, Alitalo K, Stacker SA. Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 (Flk1) and VEGF receptor-3 (Flt4). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, v.95, p.548-553, 1998. Albain KS, Nag SM, Calderillo-Ruiz G. Gemcitabine plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel monotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer and prior antracycline treatment. J Clin Oncol, v.26, p.3950-3957, 2008. Begers G,Benjamin L. Tumorigenesis and the angiogenic switch. Nat Rev Cancer. v.3, p.401-410, 2003. Bertucci F, Fekih M, Autret A, Petit T, Dalenc F, Levy C, Romieu G, Bonneterre J, Vautrin CA. Bevacizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-negative infl ammatory breast cancer (BEVERLY-1): a multicentre , single-arm , phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol, v.2045, p.1-12, 2016. Betterman KL, Paquet-fifield S, Asselin-Labt ML, Visvader JE, Butler LM, Stacker SA, Achen MG, Harvey NL. Remodeling of the lymphatic vasculature during mouse mammary gland morphogenesis is mediated via epithelial-derived lymphangiogenic stimuli. Am J Pathol, v.181, p.2225-2238, 2012. Bishop JF, Dewar J, Toner GC. Initial paclitaxel improves outcome compared with CMFP combination chemotherapy as front-line therapy in untreated metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, v.17, p.2355-2364, 1999. Bos R, Zhong H, Hanrahan CF, Mommers EC, Semenza GL, Pinedo HM. Levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha during breast carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst, v.93, p.309-314, 2001. Boudreau N, Myers C. Breast cancer-induced angiogenesis: multiple mechanisms and the role of the microenvironment. Breast Cancer Res, v.5, p.140-146, 2003. Calvo A, Catena R, Noble MS, Crabott D, Gil-Bazo I, Gonzalez-Moreno O, Huh JI, Sharp R, Qiu TH, Anver MR, Merlino G, Dicson RB, Johnson MD, Green JE. Identification of VEGF-regulated genes associated with increased lung metastatic potential: functional involvement of tenascin-C in tumor growth and lung metastasis. Oncogene, v.27, p.5373-5384, 2008. Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine. Nature, v.438, p.932-936, 2005. Chang S, Liu CH, Wu M, Hla T. Regulation of vascular endothelial cell growth factor growth/permeability factor expression in 7,12- Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. Endocrinology, v.137, p.5589-5596, 1996. Dvorak HF. Vascular permeability factor/vascular endotelial growth factor: a critical cytokine in tumors angiogenesis and a potential target for diagnosis and therapy. J Clin Oncol.v.20, p.4368-4380, 2002. Escudier B, Pluzanska A, Koralewski P. Bevacizumab plus interferon alfa-2a for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial. Lancet, v.370, p.2103-2111, 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fator_de_crescimento_do_endotélio_vascular&oldid=66391716">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fator_de_crescimento_do_endotélio_vascular&oldid=66391716</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Divis%C3%B5es_da_biologia" title="Categoria:Divisões da biologia">Divisões da biologia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Biomedicina" title="Categoria:Biomedicina">Biomedicina</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_desde_novembro_de_2022" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde novembro de 2022">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde novembro de 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_sem_indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_tema" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé sem indicação de tema">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé sem indicação de tema</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_desde_agosto_de_2023" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde agosto de 2023">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde agosto de 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 18h36min de 9 de agosto de 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. 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