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searchaux" style="display:none">Puerto Rican director and academic (1922–2019)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Victoria Espinosa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Espinosa_Torres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Victoria_Espinosa_Torres.jpg/220px-Victoria_Espinosa_Torres.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Victoria_Espinosa_Torres.jpg/330px-Victoria_Espinosa_Torres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Victoria_Espinosa_Torres.jpg/440px-Victoria_Espinosa_Torres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1526" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1922-03-26</span>)</span>March 26, 1922<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Santurce,_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Santurce, Puerto Rico">Santurce, Puerto Rico</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 6, 2019<span style="display:none">(2019-07-06)</span> (aged 97)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bayam%C3%B3n,_Puerto_Rico" title="Bayamón, Puerto Rico">Bayamón, Puerto Rico</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Magdalena_de_Pazzis_Cemetery" title="Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery">Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Theatre director<br />Academic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">'Grand dame' of Puerto Rican theatre</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Luis Maisonet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Lifetime Achievement Award - XII International Theatre Festival (1997)<br />Pozo de Plata - Federico García Lorca Casa Natal Museum (2000)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">University of Puerto Rico<br />National Autonomous University of Mexico</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data">University of Puerto Rico</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Victoria Espinosa</b> (March 26, 1922 – July 6, 2019) was a Puerto Rican theatre director and academic, who was Professor of Theatre at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Puerto_Rico" title="University of Puerto Rico">University of Puerto Rico</a>. Compared to other Puerto Rican theatre pioneers, such as <a href="/wiki/Myrna_Casas" title="Myrna Casas">Myrna Casas</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilda_Navarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilda Navarra (page does not exist)">Gilda Navarra</a>, Espinosa directed over 120 plays during the course of her career, founded Puerto Rico Theatrón Theater Workshop and the Puerto Rico Actors' Association, and became known as "the 'grand dame' of Puerto Rican theatre". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Espinosa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born on March 26, 1922, in the <a href="/wiki/Tras_Talleres_(Santurce)" title="Tras Talleres (Santurce)">Trastalleres</a> neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a>, her father, Eduviges Espinosa, was a bricklayer and poet, and her mother, Isolina Torres, was a housewife.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">Biracial</a> (her father was black, her mother white), Espinosa experienced racial discrimination as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Espinosa attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Puerto_Rico" title="University of Puerto Rico">University of Puerto Rico</a> (UPR) for her undergraduate degree in Drama, graduating in 1949, having been taught by <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Santiago_Lavandero" title="Leopoldo Santiago Lavandero">Leopoldo Santiago Lavandero</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ludwig Schajowicz.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was later awarded an MA in Hispanic Studies.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then completed her doctorate in Practical Drama at the <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a> (UNAM), which was awarded in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Espinosa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At her retirement in 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Espinosa held the position of Professor Emeritus of Theatre at the University of Puerto Rico.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She started her career at the university, directing the children's theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This programme trained a number of performers including: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Rafael_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Luis Rafael Sánchez">Luis Rafael Sánchez</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Santaliz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Santaliz (page does not exist)">Pedro Santaliz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Acevedo_(writer)" title="Rafael Acevedo (writer)">Rafael Acevedo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst working there she founded Puerto Rico Theatrón Theater Workshop.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of its notable productions in the 1970s, <i>Areyto Pessoro,</i> depicted the life of Taino people, who were indigenous to Puerto Rico.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1984 to 1988 she managed the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also founded the Puerto Rico Actors' Association.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Puerto Rican directors Espinosa has been compared to are <a href="/wiki/Myrna_Casas" title="Myrna Casas">Myrna Casas</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilda_Navarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilda Navarra (page does not exist)">Gilda Navarra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Espinosa also acted at two points in her career: during her doctoral studies in Mexico, and when she was in her 90s. During the latter period she took roles in Moliere's <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Las_Preciosa_Ridiculas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Las Preciosa Ridiculas (page does not exist)">Las Preciosa Ridiculas</a></i> and Samuel Beckett's <i><a href="/wiki/Rockaby" title="Rockaby">Rockaby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theatre_direction">Theatre direction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Espinosa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theatre direction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Espinosa directed over 120 plays during the course of her career.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958 she directed <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_soles_truncos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los soles truncos (page does not exist)">Los soles truncos</a> (The Half-Suns)</i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Marqu%C3%A9s" title="René Marqués">René Marques</a> at the First Puerto Rican Theatre Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This collaboration was a success and Espinosa was the only person to direct that play for the following thirty years.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also staged the plays of her former student, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Rafael_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Luis Rafael Sánchez">Luis Rafael Sánchez</a>, collaborating with him often.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978 she directed the world premiere of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Public_(play)" title="The Public (play)">The Public</a>,</i> a play by Federico García Lorca.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The play was written in 1930, but could not be performed at the time due to its homosexual themes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her staging included surrealistic paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another notable production by Espinosa was that of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Isla_Antilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Isla Antilla (page does not exist)">La Isla Antilla</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Tere_Marichal" title="Tere Marichal">Tere Marichal</a>, which went on tour to North America in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Espinosa is also recognised as "singlehandedly" establishing <a href="/wiki/Experimental_theatre" title="Experimental theatre">experimental theatre</a> in Puerto Rico.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also directed <i>El archivo</i>, a play by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadeus_Rosewicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadeus Rosewicz (page does not exist)">Tadeus Rosewicz</a>, which was performed by the Theatre Company of the Student Council, which established them as a more serious company.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Espinosa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Who's Who of Contemporary World Theatre</i> referred to Espinosa as "the 'grand dame' of Puerto Rican theatre" and in 1997 she was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the XII International Theatre Festival, which was held in Miami.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Federico García Lorca Casa Natal Museum awarded Espinosa their highest accolade, the Pozo de Plata, in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year the Music Hall Theater in <a href="/wiki/Santurce,_San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico">Santurce</a> was renamed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teatro_Victoria_Espinosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teatro Victoria Espinosa (page does not exist)">Teatro Victoria Espinosa</a> in her honour.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Espinosa and her husband featured in the documentary series <i>Crónicas 90</i>, which highlighted the achievements of Puerto Ricans who had reached the age of 90. Other people featured in the series included: <a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Wadsworth" title="Frank H. Wadsworth">Frank H. Wadsworth</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_R._Alicea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José R. Alicea (page does not exist)">José R. Alicea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iluminado_Davila_Medina" title="Iluminado Davila Medina">Iluminado Dávila</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nellie_Vera_S%C3%A1nchez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nellie Vera Sánchez (page does not exist)">Nellie Vera Sánchez</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavia_Lugo_de_Marichal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavia Lugo de Marichal (page does not exist)">Flavia Lugo de Marichal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022 the centenary of her birth was celebrated with lectures and performances at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Puerto_Rico" title="University of Puerto Rico">University of Puerto Rico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These events were also part of Week for the Eradication of Racism and the Affirmation of African Descent, which in turn took place within UN International Decade for People of African Descent (2012-2024), and linked to Espinosa's biracial heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024 the Puerto Rican festival La Campechada was dedicated to Espinosa, and featured performances across <a href="/wiki/Santurce,_San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico">Santurce</a> inspired by guiding themes of her life, such as gender and theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Espinosa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1953 Espinosa married surrealist artist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Maisonet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Maisonet (page does not exist)">Luis Maisonet</a>; they had two children.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died on July 6, 2019, aged 97.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was buried at the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Magdalena_de_Pazzis_Cemetery" title="Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery">Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Espinosa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:5-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPerales2016" class="citation cs2">Perales, Rosalina (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001/acref-9780199935796-e-744?rskey=uEz4vw&result=742">"Espinosa, Victoria"</a>, <i>Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199935796.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993579-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993579-6"><bdi>978-0-19-993579-6</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241120131220/https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001/acref-9780199935796-e-744?rskey=uEz4vw&result=742">archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Caribbean+and+Afro%E2%80%93Latin+American+Biography&rft.atitle=Espinosa%2C+Victoria&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199935796.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-993579-6&rft.aulast=Perales&rft.aufirst=Rosalina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199935796.001.0001%2Facref-9780199935796-e-744%3Frskey%3DuEz4vw%26result%3D742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer-Dinkgrafe2003" class="citation book cs1">Meyer-Dinkgrafe, Daniel (May 20, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R_GEAgAAQBAJ&dq=victoria+espinosa&pg=PA81"><i>Who's Who in Contemporary World Theatre</i></a>. Routledge. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-76787-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-76787-8"><bdi>978-1-134-76787-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+Contemporary+World+Theatre&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-05-20&rft.isbn=978-1-134-76787-8&rft.aulast=Meyer-Dinkgrafe&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR_GEAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dvictoria%2Bespinosa%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enciclopediapr.org/content/victoria-espinosa/">"Victoria Espinosa"</a>. <i>EnciclopediaPR</i>. December 29, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240525085437/https://enciclopediapr.org/content/victoria-espinosa/">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EnciclopediaPR&rft.atitle=Victoria+Espinosa&rft.date=2021-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenciclopediapr.org%2Fcontent%2Fvictoria-espinosa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hercampus.com/school/upr/the-100th-anniversary-of-victoria-espinosa/">"The 100th Anniversary of Victoria Espinosa"</a>. April 7, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220508155125/https://www.hercampus.com/school/upr/the-100th-anniversary-of-victoria-espinosa/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+100th+Anniversary+of+Victoria+Espinosa&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hercampus.com%2Fschool%2Fupr%2Fthe-100th-anniversary-of-victoria-espinosa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalvoices.org/2019/07/12/victoria-espinosa-farewell-to-a-tireless-activist-for-puerto-rican-theater/">"Victoria Espinosa: Farewell to a tireless activist for Puerto Rican theater"</a>. <i>Global Voices</i>. July 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207143311/https://globalvoices.org/2019/07/12/victoria-espinosa-farewell-to-a-tireless-activist-for-puerto-rican-theater/">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Voices&rft.atitle=Victoria+Espinosa%3A+Farewell+to+a+tireless+activist+for+Puerto+Rican+theater&rft.date=2019-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalvoices.org%2F2019%2F07%2F12%2Fvictoria-espinosa-farewell-to-a-tireless-activist-for-puerto-rican-theater%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdoquín2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Adoquín, Periódico El (July 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eladoquintimes.com/2019/07/07/recordando-a-victoria-espinosa/">"Recordando a Victoria Espinosa"</a>. <i>Periódico El Adoquín</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925222533/https://eladoquintimes.com/2019/07/07/recordando-a-victoria-espinosa/">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peri%C3%B3dico+El+Adoqu%C3%ADn&rft.atitle=Recordando+a+Victoria+Espinosa&rft.date=2019-07-07&rft.aulast=Adoqu%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Peri%C3%B3dico+El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feladoquintimes.com%2F2019%2F07%2F07%2Frecordando-a-victoria-espinosa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discoverpuertorico.com/profile/teatro-victoria-espinosa/7793">"Teatro Victoria Espinosa"</a>. <i>Discover Puerto Rico</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425011352/https://www.discoverpuertorico.com/profile/teatro-victoria-espinosa/7793">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discover+Puerto+Rico&rft.atitle=Teatro+Victoria+Espinosa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoverpuertorico.com%2Fprofile%2Fteatro-victoria-espinosa%2F7793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLondréWatermeier1998" class="citation book cs1">Londré, Felicia Hardison; Watermeier, Daniel J. (January 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WW1g5-cmsLUC&dq=victoria+espinosa&pg=PA455"><i>History of the North American Theater: The United States, Canada and Mexico from Pre-Columbian Times to the Present</i></a>. Continuum. p. 455. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1233-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1233-1"><bdi>978-0-8264-1233-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+North+American+Theater%3A+The+United+States%2C+Canada+and+Mexico+from+Pre-Columbian+Times+to+the+Present&rft.pages=455&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1233-1&rft.aulast=Londr%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Felicia+Hardison&rft.au=Watermeier%2C+Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWW1g5-cmsLUC%26dq%3Dvictoria%2Bespinosa%26pg%3DPA455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmbergSolorzano2014" class="citation book cs1">Holmberg, Arthur; Solorzano, Carlos (June 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X5K3AwAAQBAJ&dq=victoria+espinosa&pg=PA389"><i>World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Volume 2: The Americas</i></a>. Routledge. p. 385. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-11836-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-11836-4"><bdi>978-1-136-11836-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Theatre%3A+Volume+2%3A+The+Americas&rft.pages=385&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.isbn=978-1-136-11836-4&rft.aulast=Holmberg&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.au=Solorzano%2C+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX5K3AwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dvictoria%2Bespinosa%26pg%3DPA389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLondréWatermeier1998" class="citation book cs1">Londré, Felicia Hardison; Watermeier, Daniel J. (January 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WW1g5-cmsLUC&dq=victoria+espinosa&pg=PA455"><i>History of the North American Theater: The United States, Canada and Mexico from Pre-Columbian Times to the Present</i></a>. Continuum. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1233-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1233-1"><bdi>978-0-8264-1233-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+North+American+Theater%3A+The+United+States%2C+Canada+and+Mexico+from+Pre-Columbian+Times+to+the+Present&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1233-1&rft.aulast=Londr%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Felicia+Hardison&rft.au=Watermeier%2C+Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWW1g5-cmsLUC%26dq%3Dvictoria%2Bespinosa%26pg%3DPA455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOeste2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oeste, La Isla (July 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laislaoeste.com/icp-estrena-cronicas-90-con-la-historia-de-victoria-espinosa-y-luis-maisonet/">"ICP estrena Crónicas 90; con la historia de Victoria Espinosa y Luis Maisonet | La Isla Oeste"</a>. <i>laislaoeste.com</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118174127/https://laislaoeste.com/icp-estrena-cronicas-90-con-la-historia-de-victoria-espinosa-y-luis-maisonet/">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=laislaoeste.com&rft.atitle=ICP+estrena+Cr%C3%B3nicas+90%3B+con+la+historia+de+Victoria+Espinosa+y+Luis+Maisonet+%7C+La+Isla+Oeste&rft.date=2019-07-11&rft.aulast=Oeste&rft.aufirst=La+Isla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaislaoeste.com%2Ficp-estrena-cronicas-90-con-la-historia-de-victoria-espinosa-y-luis-maisonet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantiago2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Santiago, Javier (March 20, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prpop.org/2022/03/a-victoria-espinosa-en-su-centenario/">"A Victoria Espinosa en su centenario"</a>. <i>Fundación Nacional para la Cultura Popular</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421012522/https://prpop.org/2022/03/a-victoria-espinosa-en-su-centenario/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fundaci%C3%B3n+Nacional+para+la+Cultura+Popular&rft.atitle=A+Victoria+Espinosa+en+su+centenario&rft.date=2022-03-20&rft.aulast=Santiago&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprpop.org%2F2022%2F03%2Fa-victoria-espinosa-en-su-centenario%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.primerahora.com/entretenimiento/cultura-teatro/notas/victoria-espinosa-y-el-teatro-seran-protagonistas-en-la-campechada/">"Victoria Espinosa y el teatro serán protagonistas en La Campechada"</a>. <i>Primera Hora</i> (in Spanish). August 30, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002225627/https://www.primerahora.com/entretenimiento/cultura-teatro/notas/victoria-espinosa-y-el-teatro-seran-protagonistas-en-la-campechada/">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Primera+Hora&rft.atitle=Victoria+Espinosa+y+el+teatro+ser%C3%A1n+protagonistas+en+La+Campechada&rft.date=2024-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.primerahora.com%2Fentretenimiento%2Fcultura-teatro%2Fnotas%2Fvictoria-espinosa-y-el-teatro-seran-protagonistas-en-la-campechada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictoria+Espinosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Espinosa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redi.upr.edu/handle/11722/2958">Archive 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