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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Returns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Returns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Returns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Returns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overall_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overall_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Overall situation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overall_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shelter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shelter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Shelter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shelter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Employment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Property_loss_and_confiscations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Property_loss_and_confiscations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 Property loss and confiscations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Property_loss_and_confiscations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Mobile technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UN_dispute_over_Syrian_aid_renewal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UN_dispute_over_Syrian_aid_renewal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 UN dispute over Syrian aid renewal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UN_dispute_over_Syrian_aid_renewal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_countries_of_the_Regional_Refugee_and_Resilience_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_countries_of_the_Regional_Refugee_and_Resilience_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 In countries of the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_countries_of_the_Regional_Refugee_and_Resilience_Plan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In countries of the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_countries_of_the_Regional_Refugee_and_Resilience_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 By country </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_other_Middle_Eastern_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_Middle_Eastern_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 In other Middle Eastern countries </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_other_Middle_Eastern_countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In other Middle Eastern countries subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_other_Middle_Eastern_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_country_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 By country </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_country_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 In Europe </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In Europe subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_country_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 By country </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_country_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 In North America </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_North_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In North America subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-President_Barack_Obama_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_Barack_Obama_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 President Barack Obama administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_Barack_Obama_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_Donald_Trump_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_Donald_Trump_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 President Donald Trump administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_Donald_Trump_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion_on_Syrian_refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion_on_Syrian_refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Public opinion on Syrian refugees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion_on_Syrian_refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 In South America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Asia-Pacific_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Asia-Pacific_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 In the Asia-Pacific region </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Asia-Pacific_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Financial aid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Refugees of the Syrian civil war</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" > 21 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لاجئو الحرب الأهلية السورية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاجئو الحرب الأهلية السورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%9E_%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Бежанцы грамадзянскай вайны ў Сірыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бежанцы грамадзянскай вайны ў Сірыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugiats_de_la_guerra_civil_siriana" title="Refugiats de la guerra civil siriana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Refugiats de la guerra civil siriana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%BCchtlinge_des_syrischen_B%C3%BCrgerkriegs" title="Flüchtlinge des syrischen Bürgerkriegs – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flüchtlinge des syrischen Bürgerkriegs" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugiados_de_la_guerra_civil_siria" title="Refugiados de la guerra civil siria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Refugiados de la guerra civil siria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="پناهندگان جنگ داخلی سوریه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پناهندگان جنگ داخلی سوریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s_de_la_guerre_civile_syrienne" title="Réfugiés de la guerre civile syrienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réfugiés de la guerre civile syrienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%82%B4%EC%A0%84%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%9C%EB%AF%BC" title="시리아 내전의 난민 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시리아 내전의 난민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengungsi_Perang_Saudara_Suriah" title="Pengungsi Perang Saudara Suriah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengungsi Perang Saudara Suriah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifugiati_della_guerra_civile_siriana" title="Rifugiati della guerra civile siriana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rifugiati della guerra civile siriana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="פליטי מלחמת האזרחים בסוריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פליטי מלחמת האזרחים בסוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impunzi_z%27intambara_yo_muri_Siriya" title="Impunzi z'intambara yo muri Siriya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Impunzi z'intambara yo muri Siriya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91" title="シリア難民 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シリア難民" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%81_%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86" title="شامی پناہ گزین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شامی پناہ گزین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugiados_da_Guerra_Civil_S%C3%ADria" title="Refugiados da Guerra Civil Síria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Refugiados da Guerra Civil Síria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Беженцы гражданской войны в Сирии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Беженцы гражданской войны в Сирии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Избеглице из Сирије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Избеглице из Сирије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syyrian_sis%C3%A4llissodan_pakolaiset" title="Syyrian sisällissodan pakolaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syyrian sisällissodan pakolaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriye_%C4%B0%C3%A7_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1%27nda_m%C3%BClteciler" title="Suriye İç Savaşı'nda mülteciler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Suriye İç Savaşı'nda mülteciler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%81_%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سوری پناہ گزین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوری پناہ گزین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91" title="敘利亞內戰難民 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Refugees and displaced persons from the ongoing conflict</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Syrian refugees" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Christian_emigration#Syria" title="Christian emigration">Christian emigration § Syria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jews" title="Syrian Jews">Syrian Jews</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Human toll of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Syria" title="Demographics of Syria">Pre-war population</a> 22 ±.5; Internally displaced 6 ±.5, Refugees 5.5 ±.5, Fatalities 0.5 ±.1 (millions)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syrian refugees</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:80%;">By country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_Egypt" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_Lebanon" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_Jordan" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_Turkey" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:80%;">Settlements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_refugee_camps" title="Syrian refugee camps">Camps</a>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Syrian_refugee_camps_in_Jordan" title="List of Syrian refugee camps in Jordan">Jordan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc;"><a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_persons_in_Syria" title="Internally displaced persons in Syria">Internally displaced Syrians</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc;"><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties of the war</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:80%;">Crimes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="War crimes in the Syrian civil war">War crimes</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">massacres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Rape during the Syrian civil war">rape</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:LightSteelBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Return_of_refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Return of refugees of the Syrian civil war">Return of refugees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_as_weapons#Syrian_Civil_War" title="Refugees as weapons">Refugees as weapons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosecution_of_Syrian_civil_war_criminals" title="Prosecution of Syrian civil war criminals">Prosecution of war criminals</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_toll_of_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Human toll of Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_toll_of_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Human toll of Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_toll_of_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human toll of Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Refugees of the Syrian civil war are citizens and permanent residents of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> who have fled the country in the course of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>. The pre-war <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Syria" title="Demographics of Syria">population</a> of the Syrian Arab Republic was estimated at 22 million (2017), including permanent residents.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Of that number, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) identified 13.5 million (2016) as displaced persons in need of <a href="/wiki/Humanitarianism" title="Humanitarianism">humanitarian</a> assistance. Since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011 more than six million (2016) were <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced</a>, and around five million (2016) crossed into other countries,<a href="#cite_note-OCHA-2">[2]</a> seeking <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">asylum</a> or placement in <a href="/wiki/Syrian_refugee_camps" title="Syrian refugee camps">Syrian refugee camps</a>. It is believed to be <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_refugee_crises" title="List of largest refugee crises">one of the world's largest refugee crises</a>. Armed revolts started across Syria in 2011 when security forces launched a violent campaign to halt <a href="/wiki/2011_Syrian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Syrian Revolution">nation-wide protests</a>. This led to the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">resistance militias</a> and the outbreak of a civil war. Assaults on civilian areas by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a> resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">forced displacement</a> of millions of <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrians</a> and a full-blown <a href="/wiki/Refugee_crisis" title="Refugee crisis">refugee crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Syria_Refugee_Crisis_Explained-3">[3]</a> The Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) was established in 2015 as a coordination platform including neighboring countries except Israel. By 2016, various nations had made pledges to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR) to permanently resettle 170,000 registered refugees.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Syrian refugees have contributed to the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a>, with the UNHCR receiving almost one million <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seeker" title="Asylum seeker">asylum applicants</a> in Europe by August 2017.<a href="#cite_note-europe-5">[5]</a> Turkey is the largest host country of registered refugees, with over 3.7 million Syrian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR_Global_Trends_2019-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> As of December 2022, a minimum of 580,000 people are estimated to be dead; with 13 million <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrians</a> being displaced and 6.7 million refugees forced to flee Syria. The <a href="/wiki/Assad_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Assad regime">Ba'athist government</a> and its security apparatus have arrested and <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">tortured</a> numerous repatriated refugees, subjecting them to <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearances" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearances">forced disappearances</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_executions" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial executions">extrajudicial executions</a>. Around 12 million Syrians live under conditions of severe <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food insecurity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> More than two-thirds of the displaced are women and children.<a href="#cite_note-Syria_Refugee_Crisis_Explained-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The Law No. 10 issued by <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> in 2018 has enabled the state to confiscate properties from displaced Syrians and refugees, and has made the return of refugees harder for fear of being targeted by the regime.<a href="#cite_note-14">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a> to internally displaced persons within Syria and Syrian refugees in neighboring countries is planned largely through the UNHCR office. UNHCR <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Grandi" title="Filippo Grandi">Filippo Grandi</a> has described the Syrian refugee crisis as "the biggest humanitarian and refugee crisis of our time and a continuing cause for suffering."<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Statistics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AFAD_Kilis_kamp%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/AFAD_Kilis_kamp%C4%B1.jpg/220px-AFAD_Kilis_kamp%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/AFAD_Kilis_kamp%C4%B1.jpg/330px-AFAD_Kilis_kamp%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/AFAD_Kilis_kamp%C4%B1.jpg/440px-AFAD_Kilis_kamp%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="1883" /></a><figcaption>Syrian Refugee camp in Turkey</figcaption></figure> Over 13.2 million Syrians had been forcibly displaced by the end of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR_Global_Trends_2019-6">[6]</a> At least 6.7 million of them have left the country (more than half of them to Turkey), with the rest moving within Syria.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> Expert Group on Refugee and Internally Displaced Persons Statistics (EGRIS) considers three distinct main categories of people of concern:<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li>persons in need of international protection (e.g. asylum seekers, refugees, etc.);</li><li>persons with a refugee background (e.g. naturalized former refugees, children born of refugee parents, reunited family members, etc.);</li><li>persons returned from abroad after seeking international protections.</li></ol></div>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR) curates a database of estimated number of Syrian refugees and asylum seekers per country.<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-RDF-population-18">[17]</a> These numbers are gathered from local governments, but do not include former refugees that have been resettled. The total number of refugees that a country has received may therefore be higher, if a country has accepted or rejected refugees. The data below is gathered from the UNHCR Refugee Data Finder, and supplemented with several additional sources. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persons_in_need_of_international_protection,_over_time,_per_receiving_country">Persons in need of international protection, over time, per receiving country</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Persons in need of international protection, over time, per receiving country">edit</a>]</div> The graph below shows how many Syrian refugees and asylum seekers have been present outside Syria over time, as registered by the UNHCR. Note that this does not include people from the moment they are resettled, unregistered refugees, and illegal immigrants. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Includes prospective asylum seekers and people in refugee-like situations. Last updated mid-2020.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Countries below 100,000 Syrians have been grouped in 'Other countries'. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Total_displacement_of_Syrians_per_country">Total displacement of Syrians per country</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Total displacement of Syrians per country">edit</a>]</div> An approach to include not just current refugees but also the former refugees that have resettled, is to consider the immigration per country. Depending on local census frequency and inclusion criteria,<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> these numbers may be more or less approximate. The net immigration is the difference in citizens from Syria between 2011 and the time of data collection. As such it does not include people who returned to Syria. Neither UNHCR nor immigration data include illegal immigrants. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Syrian displacement per country Countries under 1000 persons are grouped under 'other countries' </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Country </th> <th colspan="2">UNHCR Refugee Data<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-RDF-population-18">[17]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">Immigration Data<a href="#cite_note-stat-immidata-21">[b]</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable">notes / other sources </th></tr> <tr> <th data-sort-type="numeric">Refugees and Others of Concern<a href="#cite_note-stat-unhcr1-22">[c]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="numeric">Asylum Seekers </th> <th data-sort-type="numeric">Net Immigration From Syria Since 2011 </th> <th class="unsortable">Source </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td align="right">6,435</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>50,000 estimated migrants until 2019<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td align="right">851</td> <td align="right">78</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>318 resettlers until Nov 2017<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td align="right">14,734</td> <td align="right">10</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="right">629</td> <td align="right">66</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="15105">15,105</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td align="right">53,015</td> <td align="right">1,601</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="45474">45,474</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-noyr2013-28">[d]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td align="right">16,555</td> <td align="right">2,190</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="31450">31,450</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td align="right">3,814</td> <td align="right">4,264</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>9,000 approved in Feb 2016<a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td align="right">17,832</td> <td align="right">164</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="15003">15,003</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-noyr2011-30">[e]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td align="right">70,000</td> <td align="right">257</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="52690">70,000</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>]</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td align="right">554</td> <td align="right">19</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="679">679</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></td> <td align="right">11,859</td> <td align="right">4,158</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>7,820 positive asylum decisions 2011–2020<a href="#cite_note-32">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a></td> <td align="right">423</td> <td align="right">11</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="1074">1,074</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td align="right">19,964</td> <td align="right">227</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="35366">35,366</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td align="right">131,235<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-SRRR-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-update31m21-34">[f]</a></td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>170,000 approximate unregistered refugees in 2015<a href="#cite_note-35">[29]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">416</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>9,000<a href="#cite_note-36">[30]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td align="right">2,604</td> <td align="right">51</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="6415">6,415</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td align="right">19,265</td> <td align="right">3,101</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>1,000 as of December 2013<a href="#cite_note-37">[31]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td align="right">562,168</td> <td align="right">38,124</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="788327">788,327</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-38">[32]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td align="right">36,013</td> <td align="right">7,520</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>54,574 estimated in May 2016<a href="#cite_note-Gre1-39">[33]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td align="right">933</td> <td align="right">9</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="2117">2,117</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td align="right">244,760<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-SRRR-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-update31m21-34">[f]</a></td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td align="right">2,899</td> <td align="right">55</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td align="right">4,815</td> <td align="right">1,060</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="6577">6,577</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td align="right">665,404<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-SRRR-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-update31m21-34">[f]</a></td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>98,353 estimated unregistered refugees in 2015<a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td align="right">855,172<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-SRRR-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-update31m21-34">[f]</a> refugees + 1,824 others of concern</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>UNHCR registration suspended by the government since 2015<a href="#cite_note-41">[35]</a> 1.5 million Syrians estimated by UNHCR in December 2020<a href="#cite_note-42">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td> <td align="right">649</td> <td align="right">18,160</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>26,672 registered as of December 2015<a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td align="right">951</td> <td align="right">225</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="2165">2,165</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td align="right">412</td> <td align="right">2,854</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></td> <td align="right">1,791</td> <td align="right">410</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td align="right">4,096</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td align="right">32,598</td> <td align="right">3,266</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="87381">87,381</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td align="right">14,554</td> <td align="right">232</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="31335">31,335</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></td> <td align="right">34</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>54,000 2017<a href="#cite_note-glmm-44">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[39]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td align="right">1,209</td> <td align="right">61</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td align="right">1,976</td> <td align="right">124</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="2659">2,659</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-noyr2019-46">[g]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td align="right">415</td> <td align="right">41</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>7,096 overstays in residence to April 2016<a href="#cite_note-47">[40]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td align="right">163</td> <td align="right">2,460</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>673,669 Syrian visitors on 31 Dec 2018<a href="#cite_note-48">[41]</a> 262,573 Syrian visitors on 8 June 2019<a href="#cite_note-49">[42]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-50">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a><a href="#cite_note-stat-serbkos-51">[h]</a></td> <td align="right">913</td> <td align="right">41</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>11,831 applicants to February 2016[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td> <td align="right">257</td> <td align="right">5</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>1,312 as of January 2016[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td align="right">14,491</td> <td align="right">1,805</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td align="right">93,498</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>no government migration data available<a href="#cite_note-52">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td align="right">114,054</td> <td align="right">1,819</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="172600">172,600</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td align="right">20,077</td> <td align="right">263</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="5192">5,192</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td align="right">6,734,787</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td align="right">1,707</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>4,000 September 2015<a href="#cite_note-Tunisie-53">[45]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td align="right">3,763,565<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-SRRR-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-update21a21-54">[i]</a></td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></td> <td align="right">368</td> <td align="right">6,551</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>242,000 Syrian nationals living in UAE in 2015<a href="#cite_note-55">[46]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td align="right">11,422</td> <td align="right">1,459</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="23000"><abbr title="approximately">approx.</abbr> 23,000</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-56">[47]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td align="right">8,559</td> <td align="right">2,504</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>16,218 resettled by November 2016<a href="#cite_note-usacbs-57">[48]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td> <td align="right">3,589</td> <td align="right">409</td> <td align="right">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">?</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>100,000 refugees in 2015<a href="#cite_note-58">[49]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations"><img alt="United Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> Other Countries<a href="#cite_note-othercountries-59">[j]</a></td> <td align="right">7,478</td> <td align="right">1,551</td> <td align="right" data-sort-value="1478">1,478</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-immigration-27">[24]</a></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-stat-immidata-21"><a href="#cite_ref-stat-immidata_21-0">^</a> From various government sources. Inclusion criteria vary by source and by country. </li> <li id="cite_note-stat-unhcr1-22"><a href="#cite_ref-stat-unhcr1_22-0">^</a> Includes prospective asylum seekers, persons with determined protection status, and people in refugee-like situations. </li> <li id="cite_note-noyr2013-28"><a href="#cite_ref-noyr2013_28-0">^</a> No immigration data available for 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-noyr2011-30"><a href="#cite_ref-noyr2011_30-0">^</a> No immigration data available for 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-update31m21-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-update31m21_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-update31m21_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-update31m21_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-update31m21_34-3">d</a> Last update 31 March 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-noyr2019-46"><a href="#cite_ref-noyr2019_46-0">^</a> No immigration data available for 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-stat-serbkos-51"><a href="#cite_ref-stat-serbkos_51-0">^</a> Serbia and Kosovo are grouped in the UNHCR statistics. </li> <li id="cite_note-update21a21-54"><a href="#cite_ref-update21a21_54-0">^</a> Last update 21 April 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-othercountries-59"><a href="#cite_ref-othercountries_59-0">^</a> Combination of the remaining (non-exhaustive) data from UNHCR and Eurostat, for countries with less than 1000 Syrian refugees/migrants each. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights in Syria</a> under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Ba'ath Party</a> (continuous since 1963) are considered to be in exceptionally poor conditions by international observers and have been deteriorating further since 2008.<a href="#cite_note-w.r.p555-60">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-AmInt2009-61">[51]</a> The 2010–11 <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> uprisings in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> inspired <a href="/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War">major protests</a> in Syria. The Syrian Army intervened in March 2011,<a href="#cite_note-62">[52]</a> and the Syrian government crackdown gradually increased in violence, escalating to major military operations to suppress resistance. In April, hundreds died in clashes between the Syrian Army and opposition forces, which included armed protestors and defected soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-63">[53]</a> As Syria descended into civil war,<a href="#cite_note-64">[54]</a> it quickly became divided into a complex patchwork of shifting alliances and territories between the Assad government, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">rebel groups</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadist" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi jihadist">Salafi jihadist</a> groups (including <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a>). Over half a million people <a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">died in the war</a>, including around two hundred thousand civilians.<a href="#cite_note-65">[55]</a> By May 2011, thousands of people had fled from the war to neighbouring countries, with even larger numbers displaced within Syria itself.<a href="#cite_note-cnnwitnesses-66">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-syriasrefugees-67">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-turkeypreparing-68">[58]</a> As armies assaulted various locations and battled, entire villages were trying to escape, with thousands of refugees a day crossing borders.<a href="#cite_note-69">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-syriaturkeydenounce-70">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-aa0604-71">[61]</a> Other reasons for displacement in the region, often adding to the Syrian Civil War, target the refugees of the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Iraqi civil war</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_refugees" title="Kurdish refugees">Kurdish refugees</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a>. "The Syria crisis has become the biggest humanitarian emergency of our era, yet the world is failing to meet the needs of refugees and the countries hosting them", the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UN High Commissioner for Refugees</a> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> said in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Syrian_Refugees-72">[62]</a> The UNHCR reported that the total number of refugees worldwide exceeds 50 million for the first time since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, largely due to the Syrian civil war.<a href="#cite_note-73">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syria_DisplacementRefugees_2012June13_HIU_U589.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Syria_DisplacementRefugees_2012June13_HIU_U589.jpg/350px-Syria_DisplacementRefugees_2012June13_HIU_U589.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Syria_DisplacementRefugees_2012June13_HIU_U589.jpg/525px-Syria_DisplacementRefugees_2012June13_HIU_U589.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Syria_DisplacementRefugees_2012June13_HIU_U589.jpg/700px-Syria_DisplacementRefugees_2012June13_HIU_U589.jpg 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="697" /></a><figcaption>Number and location of people fleeing the violence in Syria, 13 June 2012.</figcaption></figure> The number of refugees that crossed the Turkish border reached 10,000–15,000 by mid 2011.<a href="#cite_note-74">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-todayszaman0307-77">[67]</a> More than 5,000 returned to Syria between July and August, while most were moved to newly built camps that hosted 7,600 refugees by November.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes1511-78">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-todayszaman0307-77">[67]</a> By the end of 2011, the number of refugees were estimated to be 5,500–8,500 in Lebanon, with around 2,500 registered,<a href="#cite_note-alarabiya2008-79">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-yalibnan1806-81">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-dailystar1712-82">[72]</a> around 1,500 registered in Jordan (with possibly thousands more unregistered),<a href="#cite_note-alarabiya1412-83">[73]</a> and thousands had found shelter in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera1912-84">[74]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrian_refugee_center_with_soldiers_protecting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Syrian_refugee_center_with_soldiers_protecting.jpg/220px-Syrian_refugee_center_with_soldiers_protecting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Syrian_refugee_center_with_soldiers_protecting.jpg/330px-Syrian_refugee_center_with_soldiers_protecting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Syrian_refugee_center_with_soldiers_protecting.jpg/440px-Syrian_refugee_center_with_soldiers_protecting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Syrian refugee center on the Turkish border 80 kilometers from Aleppo, Syria (3 August 2012).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrian_refugees_in_lebanon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Syrian_refugees_in_lebanon.jpg/220px-Syrian_refugees_in_lebanon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Syrian_refugees_in_lebanon.jpg/330px-Syrian_refugees_in_lebanon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Syrian_refugees_in_lebanon.jpg/440px-Syrian_refugees_in_lebanon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Syrian refugees in Lebanon living in cramped quarters (6 August 2012).</figcaption></figure> By April 2012, in the <a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war</a> preceding 10 April ceasefire under the <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_peace_plan_for_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kofi Annan peace plan for Syria">Kofi Annan peace plan</a>, UN reported 200,000 or more Syrians internally displaced, 55,000 registered refugees and an estimated 20,000 not yet registered.<a href="#cite_note-reuters2012-85">[75]</a> 25,000 were registered in Turkey, 10,000 in Lebanon (mostly fleeing <a href="/wiki/2012_Homs_offensive" title="2012 Homs offensive">fighting in Homs</a>, around 10,000 more were unregistered), 7,000 in Jordan (with 2,000 more unregistered estimated by the UNHCR, 20,000 according to <a href="/wiki/The_Jordanian_Hashemite_Fund_for_Human_Development" title="The Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development">JOHUD</a> and 80,000 arrivals according to Jordanian officials<a href="#cite_note-news24-86">[76]</a>), 800 in Iraq (400 more unregistered).<a href="#cite_note-reuters2012-85">[75]</a> Within Syria, there were 100,000 refugees from Iraq, 70,000 more already returned to Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-reuters2012-85">[75]</a> In mid 2012, when the peace plan failed and the UN for the first time officially proclaimed Syria to be in a state of civil war,<a href="#cite_note-bbc12-6-12-87">[77]</a> the number of registered refugees increased to more than 110,000.<a href="#cite_note-unhcr1707-88">[78]</a> Over 2 days in July, 19,000 Syrians fled from Damascus into Lebanon, as violence inside the city escalated.<a href="#cite_note-89">[79]</a> The first Syrian refugees migrated by sea to the European Union,<a href="#cite_note-90">[80]</a> small numbers found asylum in various countries such as <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-91">[81]</a> Some refugees were turned away from Jordan.<a href="#cite_note-latimes2107-92">[82]</a> By the end of 2012, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a> reported that the number of refugees jumped to well over 750,000<a href="#cite_note-unhcr0912-93">[83]</a> with 135,519 in Turkey;<a href="#cite_note-unhcr0912-93">[83]</a> 54,000 in Iraqi Kurdistan and about 9,000 in the rest of Iraq;<a href="#cite_note-ekurd0912-94">[84]</a> 150,000 in Lebanon<a href="#cite_note-unhcr0912-93">[83]</a> 142,000 in Jordan<a href="#cite_note-unhcr0912-93">[83]</a> and over 150,000 in Egypt<a href="#cite_note-unhcr0912-93">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-EgyptSyria1-95">[85]</a> An estimated 1.5 million Syrians are refugees by the end of 2013.<a href="#cite_note-96">[86]</a> In 2014, the deteriorating humanitarian situation in neighboring Iraq prompted an influx of Iraqi refugees into north-eastern Syria. By the end of August, the UN estimated 6.5 million people had been displaced within Syria, while more than 3 million had fled to countries such as Lebanon (1.1 million), Jordan (600,000) and Turkey (800,000).<a href="#cite_note-Syrian_Refugees-72">[62]</a> With the beginning of 2015, the European Union struggled to cope with the <a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">migrant crisis</a>, its countries entering negotiations and heated political debate over closing or reinforcing borders and quota systems for resettlement of refugees and migrants from different parts of the world.<a href="#cite_note-97">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[88]</a> The image of a drowned Syrian toddler's body washed up on a Turkish beach becomes <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Alan_Kurdi" title="Death of Alan Kurdi">a seminal moment</a> in the refugee crises and global response.<a href="#cite_note-adamwithinall-99">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-stopthewarcoalition-100">[90]</a> National debates and media coverage about the Syrian refugee crises increase markedly, bringing considerable attention to the human costs of the Syrian Civil War, the responsibilities of host countries, pressures forcing refugees to migrate from their host countries, people smuggling, and the responsibilities of third countries to resettle refugees.<a href="#cite_note-people_smuggler-101">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-falsified_claim-102">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[94]</a> In the same year in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt, the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) was launched to better coordinate humanitarian help between <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a>, governments and NGOs.<a href="#cite_note-105">[95]</a> In 2016, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey negotiated multi-year agreements with international donors that provided material support, namely the Jordan Compact, the Lebanon Compact, and the EU-Turkey Statement, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-106">[96]</a> The countries hosting the largest numbers of refugees also introduced a number of restrictions on new arrivals. Lebanon stopped new registrations and allows refugees to enter the country only in extreme circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-107">[97]</a> Jordan sealed its border with Syria during most of 2016, because of security concerns over <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> control, according to government officials.<a href="#cite_note-freihat-108">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> criticized Jordanian authorities for not allowing refugees in and suspending aid to the informal encampents reported on the border.<a href="#cite_note-110">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[102]</a> Reports from the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolution_and_Opposition_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces">National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> emerged in 2016 that Turkish border guards routinely shoot at Syrian refugees trying to reach Turkey,<a href="#cite_note-hurriyet2-113">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-hurriyet-114">[104]</a> also, Turkey has forcibly returned thousands of Syrian refugees to war zone since mid-January 2016.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Turkish Foreign Ministry and President Erdoğan denied it.<a href="#cite_note-hurriyet2-113">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-hurriyet-114">[104]</a> In 2017, while the conflict in Syria and the reasons for displacement continue, few Syrians are able to leave it, due to more restrictive border management by neighboring countries.<a href="#cite_note-3RPStrategic-115">[105]</a> In the first half of 2017, an estimated 11 million displacements were recorded<a href="#cite_note-unhcrUpdate-116">[106]</a> and around 250,000 more refugees have been registered in neighboring countries,<a href="#cite_note-:18-117">[107]</a> however it is hard to estimate how many of them crossed the border recently. In the same period, an estimated 50,000 first time asylum applications have been made by Syrians in Europe,<a href="#cite_note-europe-5">[5]</a> and around 100,000 new <a href="/wiki/Third_country_resettlement" title="Third country resettlement">third country resettlements</a> are planned for 2017.<a href="#cite_note-118">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Returns">Returns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Returns">edit</a>]</div> As of mid-2017, an estimated 260,000 refugees returned to Syria since 2015 and more than 440,000 internally displaced persons returned to their homes, to search for family, check on property and, in some cases, due to improved security in parts of the country.<a href="#cite_note-returns-119">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-returnsIOM-120">[110]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Walid_Muallem" title="Walid Muallem">Syrian foreign minister</a> called on the country's refugees to return home.<a href="#cite_note-121">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[112]</a> Nevertheless, the UNHCR stated that conditions in Syria are still unsafe and destitute, improvements in many areas are uncertain and many basic services are absent; access of aid convoys is also a challenge.<a href="#cite_note-returns-119">[109]</a> As of 2019, only 5% of Syrians in Lebanon reported intending to return to Syria within the next 12 months, although a majority (roughly two-thirds), expected to return to Syria someday.<a href="#cite_note-123">[113]</a> Less than a half of the returnees have access to water or health services, due to extremely damaged infrastructure. An estimated 10 per cent ended up as internally displaced persons once again.<a href="#cite_note-returnsIOM-120">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> report published in October 2021 has stated that refugees who went back to Syria by their own choice suffered "grave human rights abuses and persecution at the hands of Syrian government and affiliated militias, including <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extra-judicial killings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Forced_abduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced abduction">kidnappings</a>."<a href="#cite_note-124">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overall_situation">Overall situation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Overall situation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (August 2017)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The vast majority of refugees live below the poverty line (e.g. in 2016 in Lebanon most households were below $85 monthly per capita;<a href="#cite_note-vasyr16-126">[116]</a> in southeast Turkey, 90% were below $100 and 70% below $50 monthly per capita<a href="#cite_note-turkeyDebt16-127">[117]</a>). Average monthly per capita expenditures were estimated in 2015–2016 at $104 in Lebanon<a href="#cite_note-vasyr16-126">[116]</a> and $55 in south-east Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-turkeyDebt16-127">[117]</a> Underemployment and low wages are widespread. Many rely on less sustainable sources, food vouchers, taking credits or borrowing money mostly from friends and relatives, less frequently from shops and rarely from landlords (e.g., in Lebanon 90% households were in debt, $850 in average;<a href="#cite_note-vasyr16-126">[116]</a> in south-east Turkey more than half are in debt, a few hundred dollars on average<a href="#cite_note-turkeyDebt16-127">[117]</a>). Because of this, refugees face difficulties accessing services and providing food, housing, healthcare and other basic needs for their families.<a href="#cite_note-unhcrUpdate-116">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-3RPKey-128">[118]</a> Most refugees receive refugee-related information through SMS (e.g. 91% of registered households in Lebanon<a href="#cite_note-vasyr16-126">[116]</a>) and many use smartphones (in Lebanon, two thirds of households reported using <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a><a href="#cite_note-vasyr16-126">[116]</a>). In January 2019, the UN said that 15 displaced Syrian children, 13 of them under one year old, had died due to cold weather and inadequate medical care. In addition, several days of strong winds, heavy rain and snow and subsequent flooding caused the death of at least one child, as well as damage at more than 360 sites hosting 11,300 refugees in Lebanon. In Syria, families fleeing the conflict in <a href="/wiki/Hajin" title="Hajin">Hajin</a> had been left waiting in the cold for days without shelter or basic supplies. They are resettled to the refugee camps.<a href="#cite_note-129">[119]</a> In January 2021, 22,000 people lost their temporary homes as heavy rains, flooding, and snow destroyed over 4,000 tents at displacement camps in northern Idlib and western Aleppo.<a href="#cite_note-130">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shelter">Shelter</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Shelter">edit</a>]</div> Refugees live primarily within hosting communities, in rented houses or informal settlements of tents and sub-standard dwellings. Only about 10% live in <a href="/wiki/Syrian_refugee_camps" title="Syrian refugee camps">formal camps</a>. In Lebanon, 85% pay rent, 71% live in residential building (regular apartments or in the micro-apartments designed for the building doorman/superintendent), 12% in non-residential structures (worksites, garages, shops), and 17% in informal tented settlements; a quarter of homes are overcrowded (less than 4.5 square meters per person).<a href="#cite_note-vasyr16-126">[116]</a> In southern Turkey, 96% of the refugees living outside of camps pay rent, 62% live in rented apartments, 28% in unfinished buildings or garages, 1% in tents.<a href="#cite_note-131">[121]</a> Refugees are commonly charged a higher rate compared to local people, especially for sub-standard conditions (in 2016, in Lebanon, a monthly average ranging from $53 for keeping tents on land to $250 for a non-shared apartment or house;<a href="#cite_note-vasyr16-126">[116]</a> in south east Turkey, roughly $250 for dwellings meeting <a href="/wiki/Sphere_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphere Project">SPHERE</a> standards, excluding water and electricity costs<a href="#cite_note-turkeyDebt16-127">[117]</a>). In Lebanon, many households face water shortages and a quarter of dwellings were in notably poor condition.<a href="#cite_note-vasyr16-126">[116]</a> Few refugees have residency permits in Lebanon, mainly due to their cost, creating difficulties at checkpoints when moving in search for jobs.<a href="#cite_note-vasyr16-126">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Employment">Employment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Employment">edit</a>]</div> Earning opportunities for refugees are predominantly informal, principally due to governments issuing few working permits. Barriers include quotas, fees, long and cumbersome paperwork, and discrimination by employers. In Turkey, even after reforms opening the labor market in January 2016, the number of refugees in a single workplace cannot exceed 10%; employers pay work permit fees of 600 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">TL</a> ($180) every year; while there is an exemption for seasonal work, it requires a separate application and still requires being registered for at least 6 months.<a href="#cite_note-132">[122]</a> By late 2015 at most several thousand permits have been issued, refugees are thus overwhelmingly employed informally.<a href="#cite_note-turkeyLabor-133">[123]</a> Jobs are often seasonal and employment rates differ widely between winter and summer.<a href="#cite_note-turkeyDebt16-127">[117]</a> In May 2016 in Lebanon, 36% working-age individuals (70% men, 7% women) reported working (for at least one day in the 30 days prior to a survey). Among them underemployment was widespread (working 14 days a month on average) and wages were low (on average $215 for working men and $115 for working women). The structure of employment was 33% construction, 22% agriculture, 26% services, 6% retail/shops, 6% cleaning.<a href="#cite_note-vasyr16-126">[116]</a> Some Syrian refugees have resorted to <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitution</a> as a means of survival, particularly among women and girls.<a href="#cite_note-134">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[125]</a> There is increasing concern about the exploitation of female refugees.<a href="#cite_note-136">[126]</a> The <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a> has a policy of helping refugees work and be productive, using their existing skills to meet their own needs and needs of the host country: <dl><dd>Ensure the right of refugees to access work and other livelihood opportunities as they are available for nationals... Match programme interventions with corresponding levels of livelihood capacity (existing livelihood assets such as skills and past work experience) and needs identified in the refugee population, and the demands of the market... Assist refugees in becoming self-reliant. Cash/ food/rental assistance delivered through humanitarian agencies should be short-term and conditional and gradually lead to self-reliance activities as part of a longer-term development... Convene internal and external stakeholders around the results of livelihood assessments to jointly identify livelihood support opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-137">[127]</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Property_loss_and_confiscations">Property loss and confiscations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Property loss and confiscations">edit</a>]</div> In 2018, Syrian government issued the controversial Law no. 10, in which they could expropriate areas and properties of Syrians displaced by the war.<a href="#cite_note-138">[128]</a> In December 2020, news emerged that the regime was auctioning off lands of the displaced people to Assad loyalists and that this was being managed by the regime's security apparatus. These policies are intended as a "punishment" for citizens who are not being loyal enough to the regime.<a href="#cite_note-139">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_technology">Mobile technology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mobile technology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_learning_for_refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile learning for refugees">Mobile learning for refugees</a></div> Refugees need to adjust to new and changing environments, especially before or during transition and upon arrival.<a href="#cite_note-140">[130]</a> Mobile phones play a key role by supporting refugees in their <a href="/wiki/Informal_learning" title="Informal learning">informal learning</a> and problem-solving processes. The Syrian crisis sparked the development of numerous refugee apps, ranging from general catch-all apps to specific apps that focus on distinct domains such as accommodation, health or authorities.<a href="#cite_note-:2-141">[131]</a> Refugees tend to use their mobile devices and mobile social media to address informational and educational needs after their flight in relatively informal and unstructured ways. Studies from different contexts have documented how refugees use digital tools for manifold practical and instrumental tasks among themselves as well as with third parties in day-to-day situations or in emergencies.<a href="#cite_note-:2-141">[131]</a> For example, a study on Syrian refugees in rural Lebanese camps describes women maintaining WhatsApp groups to coordinate issues such as transport with their neighbours.<a href="#cite_note-142">[132]</a> Studies show that refugees use their cell phones to connect with local volunteers, for example via Facebook groups,<a href="#cite_note-143">[133]</a> for all sorts of practical guidance.<a href="#cite_note-144">[134]</a> Also in integration contexts, as in flight settings, mobile <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> plays an essential role in obtaining assistance in emergencies, including access to medical or police services.<a href="#cite_note-145">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">Social media</a> have been widely adopted in the settings of the Syrian refugee crisis. Studies show, for example, that Syrians in Turkey access Facebook to obtain information on all types of integration issues, ranging from administration, jobs and housing to dining and events.<a href="#cite_note-147">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UN_dispute_over_Syrian_aid_renewal">UN dispute over Syrian aid renewal</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: UN dispute over Syrian aid renewal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> As of 18 December 2019, a diplomatic dispute is occurring at the UN over re-authorization of cross-border aid for refugees. China and Russia are opposing the current draft resolution that seeks to re-authorize crossing points in Turkey, Iraq, and Jordan; China and Russia, as allies of Assad, seek to close the two crossing points in Iraq and Jordan, and to leave only the two crossing points in Turkey active.<a href="#cite_note-un_refugees-148">[138]</a> All of the ten individuals representing the non-permanent members of the Security Council stood in the corridor outside of the chamber speaking to the press to state that all four crossing points are crucial and must be renewed.<a href="#cite_note-un_refugees-148">[138]</a> United Nations official <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lowcock" title="Mark Lowcock">Mark Lowcock</a> is asking the UN to re-authorize cross-border aid to enable aid to continue to reach refugees in Syria. He says there is no other way to deliver the aid that is needed. He noted that four million refugees out of the over eleven million refugees who need assistance are being reached through four specific international crossing points. Lowcock serves as the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary-General_for_Humanitarian_Affairs_and_Emergency_Relief_Coordinator" title="Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator">Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator</a> and the Head of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UN_VOA_12/2019-149">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_countries_of_the_Regional_Refugee_and_Resilience_Plan">In countries of the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In countries of the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zaatari_refugee_camp,_Jordan_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zaatari_refugee_camp%2C_Jordan_%283%29.jpg/220px-Zaatari_refugee_camp%2C_Jordan_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zaatari_refugee_camp%2C_Jordan_%283%29.jpg/330px-Zaatari_refugee_camp%2C_Jordan_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zaatari_refugee_camp%2C_Jordan_%283%29.jpg/440px-Zaatari_refugee_camp%2C_Jordan_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4191" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zaatari_refugee_camp" title="Zaatari refugee camp">Zaatari refugee camp</a>, Jordan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrian_refugees_in_the_Middle_East_map_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Syrian_refugees_in_the_Middle_East_map_en.svg/300px-Syrian_refugees_in_the_Middle_East_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Syrian_refugees_in_the_Middle_East_map_en.svg/450px-Syrian_refugees_in_the_Middle_East_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Syrian_refugees_in_the_Middle_East_map_en.svg/600px-Syrian_refugees_in_the_Middle_East_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>Number of Syrian refugees hosted in countries under the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan. (August 2015)</figcaption></figure> Edit: the map above is mildly outdated as registered Syrian refugee population in Turkey exceeds 3.5 million as of 2020 The Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) is a coordination effort between Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq (countries neighboring Syria), Egypt, and United Nations agencies with <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGOs</a> including <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a> and 240 partners.<a href="#cite_note-3RPKey-128">[118]</a> It describes itself as "a strategy document, coordination platform, advocacy tool, and funding appeal". The 3RP has been initiated at the break of 2015/2016, replacing the former inter-agency Regional Response Plan and coordinating response plans of each country, with national leadership and ownership as a foundational principle, to use in-country systems effectively and avoid creating parallel ones. It publishes strategic overviews and broad reports on the situation in constituent countries, describing in particular humanitarian efforts outside of Syria. These are directed at food and assistance, safe water access, formal education for children, primary health care consultations, shelter assistance, and access to wage employment. According to the 3RP, funding is not keeping up with needs of the region: only 6 percent of the 2017 Plan has been funded in the first three months, while the 2016 Plan has been funded at 63 percent. The 3RP also called for support including commitments to resettlement.<a href="#cite_note-3RPKey-128">[118]</a> In the region, refugees predominantly live in urban, peri-urban and rural areas, while only about 10 percent live in camps.<a href="#cite_note-3RPStrategic-115">[105]</a> The majority live below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_threshold" title="Poverty threshold">poverty line</a>. Hosting countries face overburdened infrastructure, both public (e.g., water, health, roads) and private (e.g., housing), as well as severe disruption of exports through Syria. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_country">By country</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: By country">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Lebanon">Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Jordan">Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Egypt">Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Egypt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey">Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey</a></div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> – <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, which does not border <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, became a major destination for Syrian refugees after 2012, following the election of Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a>. During Morsi's presidential term, there were an estimated between 70,000 and 100,000 Syrian refugees living in the country. Morsi's government tried to support Syrian refugees by offering residency permits, assistance with finding employment, allowing Syrian refugee children to register in state schools, and access to other public services. Following the events relating to the <a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">2013 Egyptian coup d'état</a>, Syrian refugees were met with hostility by Egyptians, who accused them of supporting the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>, since the group has close relations with the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[141]</a> The interim government also tightened visa restrictions for Syrian citizens, requiring them to obtain a visa and a security clearance issuance before entering Egypt. Following these measures, at least 476 Syrians were denied entry or deported from Egypt. A number of flights carrying Syrians have been turned back from airports in Egypt to where their flight originated, including <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[143]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Post-coup_unrest_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)">post-coup unrest in Egypt</a>, many Syrians have also made decisions to leave Egypt and settle in Europe instead. However, a study by the Egyptian foreign affairs ministry has estimated that the country has hosted around 500,000 Syrian refugees since the start of the conflict.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">Egyptian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> has also said that his country received around 500,000 Syrian refugees without "media shows". President <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">al-Sisi</a> has said that his government does not abuse refugees, adding that many international organizations stopped receiving refugees, causing an increase in the numbers and that his government still receives refugees despite <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> facing an economic crisis.<a href="#cite_note-154">[144]</a> In May 2017, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP) and the <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO) reported that Syrian refugees have contributed US$800 million to the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Egypt" title="Economy of Egypt">Egyptian economy</a> since the start of the civil war.<a href="#cite_note-155">[145]</a> In November 2017, President <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> issued a decree approving a $15 million grant to support Syrian refugees in Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-156">[146]</a> As of August 2019, Egypt hosts 130,371 Syrian refugees, compared to 114,911 in August 2016 and 122,213 in August 2017.<a href="#cite_note-157">[147]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> – As of June 2015, there were 628,427 registered Syrian refugees in Jordan.<a href="#cite_note-158">[148]</a> However, a Jordanian census carried out in November 2015 showed that there are 1.4 million Syrian refugees residing in the country, meaning that more than 50% of Syrian refugees in Jordan are unregistered.<a href="#cite_note-159">[149]</a> A 2016 report by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> revealed that the Syrian refugee influx to Jordan has cost the kingdom more than $2.5 billion a year, which amounts to about 6% of Jordan's GDP, and about a quarter of the government's annual revenues. Promised <a href="/wiki/International_aid" class="mw-redirect" title="International aid">international aid</a> has fallen several hundreds of millions of dollars short of the total cost. This has caused the kingdom's public debt to swell to 95% of its GDP in 2016, and has severely crippled the growth of its economy.<a href="#cite_note-160">[150]</a> The majority of the refugees in Jordan live in the local communities rather than refugee camps, which had added a large strain on the country's infrastructure, particularly towns in northern Jordan adjacent to the Syrian border.<a href="#cite_note-161">[151]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> – As of October 2016, Lebanon hosted 1.5 million Syrian refugees according to Lebanese government estimates, while as of July 2019, the number of officially registered Syrian refugees in Lebanon dropped to less than 1 million, according to official accounts of the UNHCR's Syria Regional Refugee Response,<a href="#cite_note-162">[152]</a> half of them children (below 18 years old), along with 31,502 Palestine Refugees from Syria, 35,000 Lebanese returnees, and a pre-existing population of more than 277,985 Palestine Refugees.<a href="#cite_note-LCRP-163">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-165">[155]</a> They constitute in total 30% of the Lebanese population (estimated at 5.9 million), or 25% for the Syrian refugees alone, making Lebanon the country with the highest number of refugees per inhabitant.<a href="#cite_note-LCRP-163">[153]</a> The Lebanese government chose not to establish camps for people fleeing the civil war in Lebanon, and thus they have settled throughout country. While most of them rent their accommodations in around 1,700 locations countrywide,<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR1-166">[156]</a> nearly a fifth (18%) live in non-formal settlements<a href="#cite_note-:6-165">[155]</a>—mostly concentrated in border governorates. Because the government of Lebanon has increasingly made it difficult for refugees from Syria to renew their residency permits,<a href="#cite_note-167">[157]</a> the number of households in which all members are legally in the country has dropped from 58% in 2014 to 29% in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:6-165">[155]</a> Refugee households living below the poverty line increased from 49% in 2014 to 70% in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:6-165">[155]</a> Families survive by borrowing money whenever they can. The percentage of refugee households with debt jumped from 70% in 2013 to 89% in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:6-165">[155]</a> Despite their struggling status, the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Forces Party">Lebanese Forces Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement" title="Free Patriotic Movement">Free Patriotic Movement</a> fear the country's sectarian-based political system is being undermined.<a href="#cite_note-auto10-168">[158]</a> Tensions rose in Lebanon when the army raided refugee sites in <a href="/wiki/Arsal" title="Arsal">Arsal</a> in 2014. The Muslim Scholars Committee condemns what it calls human rights abuses saying 'the collective punishment of Syrian refugees cannot be justified," and calling for a 'transparent and impartial investigation of the violations, from the burning of camps to the torturing of detainees in Arsal.<a href="#cite_note-169">[159]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> – As of December 2019, Iraq hosts 245,810 Syrian refugees, primarily in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and 1.4 million internally displaced Iraqis.<a href="#cite_note-170">[160]</a> This is compared to February 2016, when it hosted 245,543 Syrians and 3.2 million internally displaced Iraqis.<a href="#cite_note-171">[161]</a> Several refugee camps exist in northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. The government in <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a> is currently hosting Syrian refugees that are ethnic <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[162]</a> While many Kurdish Syrian refugees live in camps, a significant number of them have moved to urban areas and cities of <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrian_Refugee_Child_in_Istanbul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Syrian_Refugee_Child_in_Istanbul.jpg/220px-Syrian_Refugee_Child_in_Istanbul.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Syrian_Refugee_Child_in_Istanbul.jpg/330px-Syrian_Refugee_Child_in_Istanbul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Syrian_Refugee_Child_in_Istanbul.jpg/440px-Syrian_Refugee_Child_in_Istanbul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>A Syrian refugee child in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrian_refugee_camp_on_theTurkish_border.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Syrian_refugee_camp_on_theTurkish_border.jpg/220px-Syrian_refugee_camp_on_theTurkish_border.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Syrian_refugee_camp_on_theTurkish_border.jpg/330px-Syrian_refugee_camp_on_theTurkish_border.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Syrian_refugee_camp_on_theTurkish_border.jpg/440px-Syrian_refugee_camp_on_theTurkish_border.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>Syrian refugee centre on the Turkish border 80 kilometres from Aleppo, Syria (3 August 2012).</figcaption></figure> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> – As of September 2019, Turkey hosts 3.66 million registered Syrian refugees, compared to 2.73 million in September 2016.<a href="#cite_note-173">[163]</a> About 30% live in 22 government-run camps near the Syrian border.<a href="#cite_note-174">[164]</a> Turkey is home to the highest number of Syrian refugees and has provided over $8,000,000,000 in aid. Financial aid from other countries has been limited, though €3,200,000,000 was promised by the EU in November 2015.<a href="#cite_note-175">[165]</a> The promise is still not fulfilled.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] Turkey's response to the refugee crisis is different from most other countries. As a World Bank report noted: It is a non-camp and government financed approach, as opposed to directing refugees into camps that rely on humanitarian aid agencies for support.<a href="#cite_note-176">[166]</a> Under Turkish law, Syrian refugees cannot apply for resettlement but only temporary protection status. Registering for temporary protection status gives access to state services such as health and education, as well as the right to apply for a work permit in certain geographic areas and professions. Over a third of urban refugees are not registered. Currently, 30% of Syrian <a href="/wiki/Refugee_children" title="Refugee children">refugee children</a> have access to education, 4,000 businesses have been opened, and several Syrian refugee camps have grown into small towns with amenities from healthcare to barber shops. Over 13 million Syrians received aid from the Turkish Aid Agency (AFAD). Turkey has spent more than any other country on Syrian refugee aid, and has also been subject to criticism for opening refugee camps on the Syrian side of the border.<a href="#cite_note-MPI-177">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Syriacs_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriacs in Syria">Syriac Christians</a> have been allowed to return to their historic homeland in <a href="/wiki/Tur_Abdin" title="Tur Abdin">Tur Abdin</a>, Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-178">[168]</a> Up to 300,000 Syrian refugees living in Turkey could be given citizenship under a plan to keep wealthy and educated Syrians in the country.<a href="#cite_note-179">[169]</a> A study which was supported by the Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects unit and conducted by academics from a number of universities, revealed that the vast majority of Syrians in Turkey are employed in unregistered work for significantly lower wages compared to their Turkish counterparts.<a href="#cite_note-180">[170]</a> Human rights groups have repeatedly denounced Turkish troops for shooting at civilians attempting to cross the border since early 2016. According to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a>, a total of 163 refugees, including 15 women and 31 children, were allegedly killed as of August 2017.<a href="#cite_note-indepTurkeyAbuse-181">[171]</a> Physical abuse and public humiliating by soldiers has also been reported.<a href="#cite_note-indepTurkeyAbuse-181">[171]</a> Similar accusations were made by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>,<a href="#cite_note-182">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-hurriyet-114">[104]</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolution_and_Opposition_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces">National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces</a>,<a href="#cite_note-183">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-hurriyet2-113">[103]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] which also claims Turkey has forcibly returned thousands of Syrian refugees to war zone since January 2016.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Turkish authorities deny the claims,<a href="#cite_note-hurriyet-114">[104]</a> but arrested several soldiers in August 2017 after a video surfaced of them abusing of a few young Syrian men trying to illegally cross the border into the country.<a href="#cite_note-indepTurkeyAbuse-181">[171]</a> On 18 May 2016, lawmakers from the European Parliament's Subcommittee on Human Rights (DROI) have said that Turkey should not use Syrian refugees as a bribe for the process of visa liberalization for Turkish citizens inside the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-184">[174]</a> A factory producing fake lifejackets, made for migrants wanting to cross the Aegean Sea to Greece, was discovered in Turkey. Police seized more than 1,200 fake lifejackets from the factory at <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, and arrested four workers including two young Syrian girls. The raid came in the same week that the bodies of more than 30 people washed up on Turkish beaches, having drowned in their attempt to reach Greece. After the agreement of a multibillion-euro deal between the EU and Turkey, Turkish police increased their operations against people involved in the wider smuggling business.<a href="#cite_note-185">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[177]</a> On 3 June 2016, a Turkish cleaner, Mahmutcan Ateş, working at the Nizip Camp in <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a>, Turkey, was sentenced to 108 years imprisonment for sexually abusing Syrian boys. He did not deny the charges, but said many employees and managers in the camps were involved. He also admitted that he paid the children around 2–5 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira</a> ($0.70–$1.70) before assaulting them in the toilets, the victims were between ages 8 to 12.<a href="#cite_note-188">[178]</a> With continuous refugees fleeing into their country, by 2018 Turkey has been reported in hosting 63.4% of all the refugees in the world. This left Turkey with 3,564,919 registered refugees in total.<a href="#cite_note-189">[179]</a> However compared  to the increase in refugees, benefits towards them weren't increased as much as only 712,218 were given residency permits only 56,024 work permits were given to the Syrians by 2017.<a href="#cite_note-190">[180]</a> Although Turkey tries to keep its promise in taking good care of the refugees, the dramatic wave in Syrian refugees as a whole affected and continues to affect the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish economy">Turkish economy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish society">society</a>. Turkey continues to support the refugees by building around 28 shelters for the victims of human trafficking, however outside the camps, only 24% of Syrian children have access to education, work permits are still highly restricted, lack of systematic social benefits are becoming worse, and even border control has become more strict. Although 90% of the Syrian refugees in Turkey live outside the camps and inside the citites, and although Turkey holds the highest population rate in refugees as a whole, Turkey continues to struggle with the amount of responsibility they hold of the 3.5 million refugees. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_other_Middle_Eastern_countries">In other Middle Eastern countries</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In other Middle Eastern countries">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_country_2">By country</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: By country">edit</a>]</div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> – The government is offering several protection options including simplified naturalization by <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Middle_East" title="Armenians in the Middle East">Armenian descent</a> (19,500 persons acquired <a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationality_law" title="Armenian nationality law">Armenian citizenship</a>), accelerated asylum-procedures and facilitated short, mid and long-term residence permits.<a href="#cite_note-191">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria" title="Armenians in Syria">Ethnic Armenians in Syria</a> have been fleeing to their historic Armenia homelands.<a href="#cite_note-192">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[185]</a> The Cilician school was established to provide education specifically for Syrian-Armenian <a href="/wiki/Refugee_children" title="Refugee children">refugee children</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[188]</a> with support from the governments of Kuwait<a href="#cite_note-199">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[190]</a> and Austria.<a href="#cite_note-201">[191]</a> As of January 2017, there were 22,000 refugees, primarily ethnic <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria" title="Armenians in Syria">Armenians</a> in the country. In addition another 38 <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria" title="Armenians in Syria">Armenian</a> families (about 200 people) resettled in the de facto independent <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Republic">Nagorno-Karabakh Republic</a> as of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-202">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[193]</a> 50 <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a> families (about 400 people) have also found refuge in Armenia. Armenia is home to a <a href="/wiki/Yazidis_in_Armenia" title="Yazidis in Armenia">Yazidi</a> community, currently numbering 35,000.<a href="#cite_note-204">[194]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> – As of 2019, 43 Syrian refugees have applied for asylum in Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-205">[195]</a> Azerbaijan has voiced its protest against Armenia's measures to resettle Syrian Armenian refugees in the Armenian-occupied Azerbaijani regions of <a href="/wiki/Lachin_District" title="Lachin District">Lachin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qubadli_District" title="Qubadli District">Gubadli</a> (claimed by the Armenian-backed unrecognised Nagorno-Karabakh Republic), accusing it of artificially changing the demographic situation and the ethnic composition of these once Azeri-populated districts.<a href="#cite_note-206">[196]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> – Bahrain rejected reports from <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_opposition" title="Bahraini opposition">Bahraini opposition</a> that they were trying to alter the country's demographics by naturalizing Syrians.<a href="#cite_note-207">[197]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> – Israel has a disputed border with Syria's <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>. In 2012, Israel announced preparations to accommodate <a href="/wiki/Alawite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawite">Alawite</a> Syrian refugees in the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>, should the Syrian government collapse.<a href="#cite_note-208">[198]</a> Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> said: "We will not allow Israel to be submerged by a wave of illegal migrants and terrorist activists."<a href="#cite_note-209">[199]</a> Israelis from humanitarian groups have operated in Jordan to assist Syrian refugees who have fled there. By March 2015, nearly 2000 Syrians injured in the Syrian Civil War had been treated in Israeli hospitals.<a href="#cite_note-210">[200]</a> In January 2017, the Israeli interior ministry announced that they will resettle around 100 unaccompanied Syrian <a href="/wiki/Refugee_children" title="Refugee children">refugee children</a>. They will be given temporary residency status and will have full rights, though they would not receive an Israeli passport. The report also said that the Israeli government was even willing to promise the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> that after four years, the resettled refugees will be given permanent residency – allowing them to stay in Israel for a lifetime period.<a href="#cite_note-211">[201]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> – As of early 2014 Iran has sent 150 tons of humanitarian goods including 3,000 tents and 10,000 blankets to the <a href="/wiki/Red_Crescents" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Crescents">Red Crescents</a> of Jordan, <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Red_Crescent_Society" title="Iraqi Red Crescent Society">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Red_Cross" title="Lebanese Red Cross">Lebanon</a> via land routes to be distributed among the Syrian refugees residing in the three countries.<a href="#cite_note-212">[202]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> – Kuwait has an estimated 120,000 Syrians. More specifically, Kuwait extends residency permits for Syrian expatriates who have overstayed in Kuwait.<a href="#cite_note-Gulf_News-213">[203]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> – Saudi Arabia has offered resettlement only for Syrian migrants that had a family in the kingdom, and has an estimated number of Syrian migrants and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_worker" title="Foreign worker">foreign workers</a> that reaches 100,000 living with their families<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-214">[204]</a> and has sent aid worth $280 million to help Syrian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-215">[205]</a> Saudi Arabia, like all of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Gulf states</a>, is not a signatory to the <a href="/wiki/Convention_relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention relating to the Status of Refugees">1951 United Nations Refugee Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-washpost-216">[206]</a> According to the Saudi official, Saudi Arabia had issued residency permits to 100,000 Syrians.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-214">[204]</a> The BBC reported that "most successful cases are Syrians already in Gulf states extending their stays, or those entering because they have family there."<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-217">[207]</a> Amnesty International reported that Saudi Arabia has not actually offered any resettlement specifically to refugees.<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International-218">[208]</a> They are not classified as refugees.<a href="#cite_note-washpost-216">[206]</a> The Saudi Ministry of Interior announced in 2016 that it had accepted more than 2,500,000+ refugees into the kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-219">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Europe">In Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: In Europe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-09-22_EU_JHA_Council_majority_vote_to_relocate_120,000_refugees.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/2015-09-22_EU_JHA_Council_majority_vote_to_relocate_120%2C000_refugees.svg/220px-2015-09-22_EU_JHA_Council_majority_vote_to_relocate_120%2C000_refugees.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/2015-09-22_EU_JHA_Council_majority_vote_to_relocate_120%2C000_refugees.svg/330px-2015-09-22_EU_JHA_Council_majority_vote_to_relocate_120%2C000_refugees.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/2015-09-22_EU_JHA_Council_majority_vote_to_relocate_120%2C000_refugees.svg/440px-2015-09-22_EU_JHA_Council_majority_vote_to_relocate_120%2C000_refugees.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>National governments' position on 22 September 2015 <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Home_Affairs_Council" title="Justice and Home Affairs Council">Justice and Home Affairs Council</a> majority vote to <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis#Relocation_and_resettlement_of_asylum_seekers" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">relocate 120,000 refugees</a> (including Syrian refugees) from Greece and Italy to other EU countries: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Yes</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Opt-out</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Abstention</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  No</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Non-EU state</div></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a></div> In August 2012, the first Syrian refugees migrated by sea to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[210]</a> Under the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Regulation" title="Dublin Regulation">Dublin Regulation</a>, an asylum applicant in one EU country, must be returned to that country, should they attempt onward migration to another EU country. Hungary is overburdened in 2015 by asylum applications during the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European Migrant Crises</a>, to the point that on 23 June its refuses to allow further applicants to be returned by other EU countries.<a href="#cite_note-221">[211]</a> Germany and the Czech Republic suspend the Dublin Regulation for Syrians and start to process their asylum applications directly.<a href="#cite_note-222">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[213]</a> On 21 September, EU home affairs and interior ministers approve a plan to accept and redistribute 120,000 asylum seekers (not only Syrians) across the EU.<a href="#cite_note-224">[214]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> opposed the plan and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> abstains.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_22_sept_2015-225">[215]</a> Poorer countries express concerns about the economic and social cost of absorbing large numbers of refugees. Wealthier countries are able to offer more humanitarian assistance.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_22_sept_2015-225">[215]</a> Large numbers of refugees cross into the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> and by mid-2015 there are 313,000 asylum applications across Europe.<a href="#cite_note-226">[216]</a> The largest numbers are recorded in Germany with over 89,000, and Sweden with over 62,000. More than 100,000 refugees cross into the EU in July 2015,<a href="#cite_note-227">[217]</a> and by September over 8,000 refugees crossed to Europe daily, with Syrians forming the largest group.<a href="#cite_note-EUStruggling-228">[218]</a> By 21 December 2015, an estimated 500,000 Syrian refugees have entered Europe, 80 percent arrived by sea, and most land in Greece.<a href="#cite_note-OneMill-229">[219]</a> On 19 February 2016, Austria imposes restrictions on the number of refugee entries. Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Macedonia announced that just 580 refugees a day will be allowed through their borders. As a result, large numbers of Syrian refugees are stuck in Greece.<a href="#cite_note-bbcF26a-230">[220]</a> There are fears that Greece won't be able to cope with the thousands stranded in the reception centres scattered across the mainland and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbcF26b-231">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_country_3">By country</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: By country">edit</a>]</div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> – In 2015, there were at least 18,000 estimated Syrian refugees in Austria.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-232">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-STATISTIK_AUSTRIA-233">[223]</a> In 2018, there were 48,103 Syrian nationals residing in Austria.<a href="#cite_note-234">[224]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> – Bulgaria welcomes refugees when in transit to Germany to apply for refugee status. Bulgaria received 11,080 asylum applications in 2014, 56% of which were made by Syrian citizens and on which 94.2% of first instance decisions were positive for Syrian citizens, making it the country with the highest acceptance rate in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-235">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[226]</a> For the period of January–July 2015, there were estimated 9,200 asylum applications to Bulgaria with average acceptance rate remaining the same as in the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-237">[227]</a> In August 2013, there is a sharp increase in refugees entering <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. Bulgarian refugee centers are at capacity and the government seeks emergency accommodations and asks the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a> for aid.<a href="#cite_note-238">[228]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> – In October, the UN's human rights chief claims the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> is holding migrants in "degrading" and jail like conditions<a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-239">[229]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> – Croatia welcomes refugees when in transit to Germany to apply for refugee status. In addition, Croatia, an EU member state, shares land border with Serbia, therefore there is a risk of strong inflow of migrants from Serbia considering that <a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Serbia_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary–Serbia barrier">Hungary erected a fence on its border with Serbia</a>. Nearly 80% of the border consist of Danube river, but the problem is 70 kilometers long so-called "Green Border" near <a href="/wiki/Tovarnik" title="Tovarnik">Tovarnik</a>. According to the Croatian Minister of Interior <a href="/wiki/Ranko_Ostoji%C4%87" title="Ranko Ostojić">Ranko Ostojić</a> "police in the area has enough people and equipment to protect Croatian border against illegal immigrants".<a href="#cite_note-240">[230]</a> Croatian President <a href="/wiki/Kolinda_Grabar-Kitarovi%C4%87" title="Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović">Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović</a> and First Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vesna_Pusi%C4%87" title="Vesna Pusić">Vesna Pusić</a> rejected option of building a fence on Croatian border with Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-241">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[232]</a> On 15 September 2015, Croatia started to experience the first major waves of refugees of the Syrian Civil War. "First Syrian refugees cross Croatia-Serbia border, carving out potential new route through Europe after Hungary seals borders".<a href="#cite_note-243">[233]</a> Croatia closed its border with Serbia on 19 October 2015 due to "overwhelming numbers".<a href="#cite_note-aj201509-244">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto9-245">[235]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> – In 2024 Cyprus had 30,000 Syrian refugees under <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_protection" title="Subsidiary protection">subsidiary protection</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[236]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> – In September 2015 public concerns remained about the arrival of refugees, and was shifting to concern over the immediate issues revolving around those already in Denmark.<a href="#cite_note-euractiv.com-247">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-angeloyoung-248">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-249">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-susannegargiulo,_laurasmith-sparkandmichaelmartinez,_cnn-250">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto6-251">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-252">[242]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> – In November 2015, President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> reaffirmed France's commitment to accept 30,000 refugees over two years, despite concerns arising from the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a> a few days earlier. His announcement drew a standing ovation from a gathering of French mayors.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-253">[243]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ln_gegen_Rechts_-_Januar_2016-5914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/K%C3%B6ln_gegen_Rechts_-_Januar_2016-5914.jpg/220px-K%C3%B6ln_gegen_Rechts_-_Januar_2016-5914.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/K%C3%B6ln_gegen_Rechts_-_Januar_2016-5914.jpg/330px-K%C3%B6ln_gegen_Rechts_-_Januar_2016-5914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/K%C3%B6ln_gegen_Rechts_-_Januar_2016-5914.jpg/440px-K%C3%B6ln_gegen_Rechts_-_Januar_2016-5914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption>A pro-immigration rally in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Germany on 6 January 2016 following the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve_sexual_assaults_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany">New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany</a>.</figcaption></figure> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> – In 2013, Germany received 11,851 asylum requests by Syrians, in 2014 the number more than tripled to 39,332.<a href="#cite_note-Asylgeschäftsstatistik_12/2014-254">[244]</a> The German Federal Minister of the Interior estimated in March 2015, that some 105,000 Syrian refugees have been accepted by Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Tagesspiegel,_Berlin,_Germany-255">[245]</a> By June 2015, 161,435 Syrians resided in Germany, of which 136,835 had entered after January 2011.<a href="#cite_note-Quelle_Bundestagsanfrage_18/5799-256">[246]</a> After suspending the Dublin rules for Syrian refugees, the numbers increased to the point of stressing Germany's infrastructure and logistics capabilities. From January to July 2015, the Federal office for migration and refugees received 42,100 requests for asylum.<a href="#cite_note-Asylgeschäftsstatistik_07/2015-257">[247]</a> By the end of 2015, the figure had reached 158,657. 96% of the asylum requests were approved.<a href="#cite_note-Asylgeschäftsstatistik_12/2015-258">[248]</a> German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> said that "The fundamental right to asylum for the politically persecuted knows no upper limit; that also goes for refugees who come to us from the hell of a civil war."<a href="#cite_note-ABC-259">[249]</a> Even though her government decided to let all Syrians enter the country, they temporarly had to stop train travel to/from Austria to control the high numbers arriving. At <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen_Hauptbahnhof" title="München Hauptbahnhof">Munich's main railway station</a>, thousands of Germans applauded Syrians as they arrived in September.<a href="#cite_note-Noack-260">[250]</a> The German police force announced on 22 October 2015 that they had prevented a planned attack on a refugee home in <a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a> by a right-wing extremist group. They also said there had been nearly 600 attacks on refugee homes in 2015, a sharp rise from 2014.<a href="#cite_note-261">[251]</a> As well, 19–39,000 (depending on estimates) of members of the German right-wing <a href="/wiki/Pegida" title="Pegida">Pegida</a> movement rallied on 19 October 2015 in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> against accepting refugees. Some 14–20,000 other individuals held a counterrally in the city.<a href="#cite_note-262">[252]</a> Angela Merkel's openness towards refugees was criticized and 61% of respondents in an INSA poll reported they were less happy about accepting refugees after the assaults. In September, German customs seized packages of fake Syrian passports which police suspect are being sold to non-Syrians seeking asylum in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-263">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[254]</a> In April 2020, two former high-ranking members of the Syrian Army went on trial in <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, Germany, for alleged war crimes committed during the Syrian Civil War. This was the first time that Syrian military officials are being prosecuted for their roles in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-265">[255]</a> By the end of 2022, 1,016,000 Syrian migrants lived in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-266">[256]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> – Greece welcomes refugees when in transit to Germany to apply for refugee status. In 2015, there were 385,525 arrivals by sea.<a href="#cite_note-Gre1-39">[33]</a> It is estimated that only 8% of arrivals (31,000 Syrian refugees) applied for asylum in Greece,<a href="#cite_note-Gre2-267">[257]</a> as most are in transit further into Europe. The Greek government sought to use the refugee crisis to extract additional <a href="/wiki/Third_Economic_Adjustment_Programme_for_Greece" title="Third Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece">economic aid</a> from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> with poor results.<a href="#cite_note-268">[258]</a> 15,000–17,000 refugees had landed on Lesbos island by September 2015, overwhelming the resources and generosity of local residents.<a href="#cite_note-auto8-269">[259]</a> Many refugees also make landfall at <a href="/wiki/Agathonisi" title="Agathonisi">Agathonisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farmakonisi" title="Farmakonisi">Farmakonisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemnos" title="Lemnos">Lemnos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leros" title="Leros">Leros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symi" title="Symi">Symi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kastellorizo" title="Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a> and other islands near Turkey. Some arrive via the <a href="/wiki/Evros_(regional_unit)" title="Evros (regional unit)">Evros</a> border crossing from Turkey. On 19 February 2016 Austria imposed restrictions on the number of refugees entering the country followed by Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and North Macedonia, of just 580 arrivals a day. As a result, large numbers of Syrian refugees and migrants from other countries are stuck in Greece.<a href="#cite_note-bbcF26a-230">[220]</a> On 22 February 2016 at an emergency summit on the migrant crisis in Brussels it was agreed that another 100,000 spaces in refugee reception centres will be created. There was also 50,000 spaces in Greece and another 50,000 spaces in Balkan countries created.<a href="#cite_note-bbcF26c-270">[260]</a> Given that 2 – 3,000 migrants arrive in Greece every day, these 100,000 spaces look inadequate. On 18 June 2016, <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> praised Greece for showing "remarkable solidarity and compassion" towards refugees and he also called for international support.<a href="#cite_note-271">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[262]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt</a> in July 2016, Greek authorities on a number of <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a> have called for emergency measures to curtail a growing flow of refugees from Turkey, the number of migrants and refugees willing to make the journey across the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean</a> has increased noticeably. At Athens officials voiced worries that Turkish monitors overseeing the deal in Greece had been abruptly pulled out after the failed coup with little sign of them being replaced.<a href="#cite_note-273">[263]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Greek_Tourism_Enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises">Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises</a> (SETE) warned about the prospect of another flare-up in the refugee/migrant crisis due to the Turkish political instability.<a href="#cite_note-274">[264]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Refugees_Budapest_Keleti_railway_station_2015-09-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Refugees_Budapest_Keleti_railway_station_2015-09-04.jpg/220px-Refugees_Budapest_Keleti_railway_station_2015-09-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Refugees_Budapest_Keleti_railway_station_2015-09-04.jpg/330px-Refugees_Budapest_Keleti_railway_station_2015-09-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Refugees_Budapest_Keleti_railway_station_2015-09-04.jpg/440px-Refugees_Budapest_Keleti_railway_station_2015-09-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Syrian refugees at <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Keleti_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Keleti railway station">Budapest Keleti railway station</a>, 4 September 2015</figcaption></figure> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> – Hungary welcomes refugees when in transit to Germany to apply for refugee status. In the summer of 2015, Hungary was deeply affected by the migration crisis.<a href="#cite_note-EUStruggling-228">[218]</a> In December, Hungary challenged EU plans to share asylum seekers across EU states at the European Court of Justice.<a href="#cite_note-OneMill-229">[219]</a> The border has been closed since 15 September 2015, with razor wire fence along its southern borders, particularly Croatia, and by blocking train travel.<a href="#cite_note-Noack-260">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[265]</a> The government believes that "illegal migrants" are job-seekers, threats to security and likely to "threaten our culture".<a href="#cite_note-276">[266]</a> There have been cases of immigrants and ethnic minorities being attacked. The country has conducted wholesale deportations of refugees, who are generally considered to be allied with <a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a>.<a href="#cite_note-matthewweaver1-277">[267]</a> Refugees are outlawed and almost all are ejected.<a href="#cite_note-matthewweaver1-277">[267]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> – Iceland announced it would accept 50 Syrian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-278">[268]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> – In 2013, the UNHCR estimates that more than 4,600 refugees arrive in Italy by sea, two-thirds of whom arrive in August.<a href="#cite_note-:3-279">[269]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arbeitsbesuch_Mazedonien_(20900228071).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Arbeitsbesuch_Mazedonien_%2820900228071%29.jpg/220px-Arbeitsbesuch_Mazedonien_%2820900228071%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Arbeitsbesuch_Mazedonien_%2820900228071%29.jpg/330px-Arbeitsbesuch_Mazedonien_%2820900228071%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Arbeitsbesuch_Mazedonien_%2820900228071%29.jpg/440px-Arbeitsbesuch_Mazedonien_%2820900228071%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2746" data-file-height="2126" /></a><figcaption>Syrian refugees wait to cross the Greek-Macedonian border at <a href="/wiki/Gevgelija" title="Gevgelija">Gevgelija</a>, 24 August 2015</figcaption></figure> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> – North Macedonia welcomes refugees if they do not stay permanently within the country and instead go to Germany to apply for refugee status. In summer of 2015, North Macedonia becomes one of the most affected European countries by migration crisis, along with Hungary, Serbia, Italy and Greece.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-280">[270]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> – The government condemned the fire bombing of an immigrant reception centre in October 2015.<a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-281">[271]</a> In the small town of Geldermalsen, over 2,000 protested immigration in mid December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:15-282">[272]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> – Norway has announced it will accept 8,000 refugees from Syria under the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> quota system by the end of 2017.<a href="#cite_note-283">[273]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> –Poland has accepted 150 mostly Christian refugees. Various centre right, far right, and conservative parties won parliamentary elections on platforms demanding a halt to refugee quotas.<a href="#cite_note-:9-284">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-285">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-286">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-287">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-288">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-289">[279]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> – The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> asked Romania to accept 6,351 refugees under an EU quota scheme.<a href="#cite_note-290">[280]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> reported that "Romania's government will call on the EU to grant its citizens equal access to the visa-free <a href="/wiki/Schengen_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Schengen area">Schengen area</a> if the bloc's leaders impose mandatory quotas on its members to shelter refugees."<a href="#cite_note-291">[281]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> – The Russian government gave $24 million for refugees[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and granted asylum to over 1,000.<a href="#cite_note-292">[282]</a> About 5,000 refugees have settled in Russia since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-:1-293">[283]</a> Five hundred Christian refugees settled in Sochi. <a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Syria" title="Circassians in Syria">Circassians in Syria</a> have been returning to their historic homelands in Circassia.<a href="#cite_note-294">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[285]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-296">[286]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chechen_diaspora" title="Chechen diaspora">Chechen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetian</a> diasporas in Syria have also sought to return to their Caucasus homelands.<a href="#cite_note-297">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[288]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> – Serbia welcomes refugees when in transit to western Europe to apply for refugee status. In August 2015, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Vučić</a> said that Serbia will do anything to help these people on their way to better life. He promised more toilets for them, blankets, food and announced opening of the temporary reception centre in Belgrade during winter months. He also drew comparisons between the Syrian refugees and Croatian Serb refugees "who also had to leave their homes 20 years ago", positing that because Serbs suffered then, they understand the problems that the refugees face.<a href="#cite_note-auto7-299">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[290]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slovenska_vojska_tudi_med_vikendom_v_velikem_%C5%A1tevilu_pri_podpori_Policiji_01_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Slovenska_vojska_tudi_med_vikendom_v_velikem_%C5%A1tevilu_pri_podpori_Policiji_01_B.jpg/220px-Slovenska_vojska_tudi_med_vikendom_v_velikem_%C5%A1tevilu_pri_podpori_Policiji_01_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Slovenska_vojska_tudi_med_vikendom_v_velikem_%C5%A1tevilu_pri_podpori_Policiji_01_B.jpg/330px-Slovenska_vojska_tudi_med_vikendom_v_velikem_%C5%A1tevilu_pri_podpori_Policiji_01_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Slovenska_vojska_tudi_med_vikendom_v_velikem_%C5%A1tevilu_pri_podpori_Policiji_01_B.jpg/440px-Slovenska_vojska_tudi_med_vikendom_v_velikem_%C5%A1tevilu_pri_podpori_Policiji_01_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Syrian refugees and migrants pass through <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, 23 October 2015</figcaption></figure> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> – Originally, Slovenia welcomed refugees when in transit to Germany to apply for refugee status. As of September 2015, however, Slovenia has reportedly considered housing "up to 10,000" refugees, as well as creating new passageways through the country for refugees in response to increasing tensions at its border with Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-301">[291]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> – Slovakia has refused to accept refugees from Turkey (who are nearly all Syrians),<a href="#cite_note-302">[292]</a> although in December 2015 it did voluntarily accept 500 asylum seekers on a temporary basis and 149 Assyrian Christian families who came via Iraq<a href="#cite_note-:7-303">[293]</a> The Slovak government has threatened lawsuits against the EU because of the controversial refugee quota system which requires Slovakia to accept just under 2,300 migrants.<a href="#cite_note-Agence_France-Presse-304">[294]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> – In September 2013, Sweden becomes the first EU country to grant permanent residency to all asylum seekers, and the right to family reunification, in light of worsening conditions in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-305">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[297]</a> Roughly 8,000 Syrian refugees in Sweden are affected by the ruling. The decision is welcomed[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">by whom?</a>], but some warn that it may be a boon for <a href="/wiki/People-smuggling" class="mw-redirect" title="People-smuggling">people-smuggling</a> operations.<a href="#cite_note-thelocal1-308">[298]</a> In September 2013, Swedish migration authorities ruled that all asylum seekers will be granted permanent residency and the right to bring their families as well. Sweden is the first EU-country to make this offer.<a href="#cite_note-thelocal1-308">[298]</a> The number of Syrian nationals settling in Sweden under refugee status was 2,943 in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-auto-309">[299]</a> 9,755 in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-auto1-232">[222]</a> and 18,827 in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-auto2-310">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-311">[301]</a> summing up to a total increase of 31,525 refugees during this period. Additionally, another 9,028 Syrians settled in Sweden on grounds of family reunification. Moreover, during this period, Sweden has received over 10,000 stateless persons, many of whom are refugees that previously resided in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-232">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-309">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-310">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-311">[301]</a> In 2015, 51,338 Syrians applied for asylum in Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-312">[302]</a> After 2015 the number of Syrian asylum seekers decreased drastically, totaling 5,459 in 2016, 4,718 in 2017, and 1,040 as of May 2018.<a href="#cite_note-313">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[304]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> – In March 2012, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_the_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights">United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> made a request to Switzerland to accept some Syrian refugees, and the Swiss government announced that it was considering the request.<a href="#cite_note-315">[305]</a> In March 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Council">Swiss Federal Council</a> set a goal of accepting 3,000 Syrian refugees over three years.<a href="#cite_note-SwissSeptember2015-316">[306]</a> By September 2015, 5,000 Syrian refugees had received provisional permission to live in Switzerland, and an additional 2,000 had submitted asylum applications and were pending.<a href="#cite_note-SwissSeptember2015-316">[306]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> – The UK has so far granted asylum to 5,102 refugees<a href="#cite_note-gov.uk-317">[307]</a> of whom 216 have been actively resettled.<a href="#cite_note-318">[308]</a> The stance of its government has been severely criticised by human rights groups.<a href="#cite_note-bbcassad-319">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[310]</a> In September, the government announced plans to accept 20,000 refugees over a period of 5 years, taken from refugee camps in Lebanon, Turkey, and Jordan.<a href="#cite_note-321">[311]</a> In May 2015, a <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> poll commissioned by British charity <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Relief" title="Islamic Relief">Islamic Relief</a> showed that 42% of respondents said Britain should not take in foreign nationals fleeing conflict or persecution in their own countries, up sharply on 2014. The poll also showed that terrorism was associated with Muslims, with the words "terror", "terrorist" or "terrorism" chosen by 12% of respondents, ahead of other options like faith (11%), mosque (9%), Koran (8%) and religious (8%).<a href="#cite_note-322">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[313]</a> Prime Minister David Cameron described Syrian refugees coming to the UK as a "swarm", and later said he would not "allow people to break into our country". The Foreign Secretary also said refugees were "marauding" around <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>. Amnesty International and opposition party leadership have criticized these statements by the government.<a href="#cite_note-adamwithinall2-324">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-stopthewarcoalition2-325">[315]</a> On 4 September 2015, Cameron pledged that the UK would accept "thousands" more Syrian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-326">[316]</a> Wimbledon <a href="/wiki/UKIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UKIP">UKIP</a> candidate Peter Bucklitsch, sparked online outrage amongst Twitter users on 3 September 2015 when he stated deceased Syrian refugee child <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Alan_Kurdi" title="Death of Alan Kurdi">Alan Kurdi</a> was "well clothed & well fed", and blamed his parents for the death. He stated Aylan died because his parents were "greedy for the good life in Europe". High-profile figures such as Liberal Democrat leader <a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Tim Farron</a> denounced the remarks. He apologised online the next day.<a href="#cite_note-327">[317]</a> A statement a day later contained an apology from Buckslitsch. He described his tweet as "inelegant" and stated that blaming parents was probably "not ... the best response."<a href="#cite_note-328">[318]</a> In November 2018, A sixteen year old youth was shown on video <a href="/wiki/Almondbury_Community_School_bullying_incident" title="Almondbury Community School bullying incident">assaulting a Syrian refugee</a> in a playground attack in <a href="/wiki/Almondbury_Community_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Almondbury Community School">Almondbury Community School</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mirror-Almondbury-MAY-329">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-robinson-Almondbury-guardian-330">[320]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_North_America">In North America</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In North America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> In July 2013, Canada promised to resettle 1,300 refugees by 2015 and pledged $100 million in humanitarian aid.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] "1,063 Syrian refugees are already here in Canada. The rest will travel in the coming weeks" (Kevin Menard, spokesman for Immigration Minister Chris Alexander).<a href="#cite_note-331">[321]</a> and the government agreed to resettle 11,300 refugees by the end of 2017, and then 10,000 by September 2016.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Before the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> promised to bring 25,000 refugees by the end of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-332">[322]</a> After the election, the newly formed Liberal government failed to meet its self-imposed deadline and it was moved to February 2016 and began further screening in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">2015 Paris attacks</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Canadians have expressed considerable interest in receiving refugees and Canadian politicians and business leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> met the first two flights on 10 and 13 December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-333">[323]</a> At the end of 2015, Canada had arranged 96 flights to airlift refugees from their host countries, welcomed 35,000 refugees into 275 communities across the country, and agreed to resettle 35–50,000 refugees by the end of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-The_Associated_Press;_no_by-line.---334">[324]</a> Resettlement arrangements for additional refugees and social integration of arriving refugees is ongoing. The cost over the subsequent six years was estimated between <a href="/wiki/Can$" class="mw-redirect" title="Can$">Can$</a>564 to <a href="/wiki/Can$" class="mw-redirect" title="Can$">Can$</a>678 million.<a href="#cite_note-335">[325]</a> Justin Trudeau stated that the most vulnerable would be accepted first, including families, children and members of the <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> communities.<a href="#cite_note-336">[326]</a> Among the Syrian refugees accepted for resettlement are thousands of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria" title="Armenians in Syria">Armenians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-337">[327]</a> On 27 February 2016 Canada met its goal of resettling 25,000 Syrian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-338">[328]</a> Canada continues to process applications and had accepted 40,081 refugees from November 2015 to January 2017.<a href="#cite_note-339">[329]</a> The government maintains at least two programmes for resettlement: refugees can be sponsored either under the Government-Assisted Refugee (GAR) programme, or under the <a href="/wiki/Private_Sponsorship_of_Refugees_Program" title="Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program">Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program</a> (PSR).<a href="#cite_note-340">[330]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">Asylum in the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="President_Barack_Obama_administration">President Barack Obama administration</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: President Barack Obama administration">edit</a>]</div> In late September 2016, the U.S. surpassed its initial goal of resettling 10,000 Syrian refugees by resettling over 12,500 refugees throughout the U.S. Most of this initial grouping were admitted to the U.S. in the previous four months leading up to this announcement. The Obama administration also came out saying that it anticipated the resettling of an additional 110,000 refugees, according to an article from the Washington Post.<a href="#cite_note-341">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-ParkOmri-342">[332]</a> Syrians made up only a small fraction (2%) of total U.S. refugee intake in the fiscal year 2015.<a href="#cite_note-ParkOmri-342">[332]</a> According to the United States Department of State Refugee Admissions Report dated December 2016, the US admitted 1,682 Syrian refugees in Fiscal Year 2015 (year ending Sept 2015), 12,587 in FY 2016 (15% of total worldwide refugee admissions into the US in FY 2016) and 3,566 Syrian refugees for the period October through December 2016.<a href="#cite_note-343">[333]</a> At the United Nations Leader's Summit on Refugees on 20 September 2016, President Obama urged countries to "fulfill a moral obligation" to help the current refugee crisis, and called the circumstances of the 4.8 million refugees from Syria "particularly unacceptable".<a href="#cite_note-344">[334]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>, thirty-one U.S. state governments (all but one led by a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">governor</a>) protested the admission of Syrian refugees to their states, with some seeking to block their admission.<a href="#cite_note-345">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[336]</a> These governors' efforts to block Syrian refugees have been unsuccessful in court,<a href="#cite_note-EconomistUSA-347">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[338]</a> and most but not all of the governors "seem to have quietly dropped the matter."<a href="#cite_note-EconomistUSA-347">[337]</a> Under his administration, the U.S. government has provided $5.9 billion to aid Syrian refugees, making the United States as the second-largest donor of Syrian refugees after Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-349">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="President_Donald_Trump_administration">President Donald Trump administration</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: President Donald Trump administration">edit</a>]</div> On 27 January 2017, new US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> announced that he had signed <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">an executive order</a> suspending any further resettlement of Syrian refugees to the United States indefinitely until further notice due to security concerns (excluding "refugee claims made by individuals on the basis of religious-based persecution, provided that the religion of the individual is a minority religion in the individual's country of nationality"<a href="#cite_note-New_York_Times-350">[340]</a> which could include <a href="/wiki/Christians_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christians in Syria">Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shia_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Muslims">Shia Muslims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a> in Syria). It will resume once an enhanced security screening procedure is implemented.<a href="#cite_note-351">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[342]</a> Two days before signing the executive order, President Trump said that he was interested in establishing safe zones in Syrian territory, allowing refugees to live there while fleeing violence and stated that the European countries have "made a tremendous mistake by admitting millions of refugees from Syria and other Middle Eastern trouble spots" during the <a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-353">[343]</a> In July 2017, President Trump along with Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri agreed on US support to Lebanon to "supporting the humanitarian needs of displaced Syrian citizens as close to their home country as possible." It was also announced in April of that same year that the US would send $167 million for Lebanese support.<a href="#cite_note-354">[344]</a> While some supports advocate that Donald Trump's new suspension of resettlement was done to help protect the safety of the United States, a large portion are skeptical of the long-term results of the suspension. According to opponents of the plan, the suspension can be described as "ill-conceived, poorly implemented and ill-explained."<a href="#cite_note-355">[345]</a> This group of critics even includes two prominent Republicans, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hayden_(general)" title="Michael Hayden (general)">Michael Hayden</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_E._McLaughlin" title="John E. McLaughlin">John McLaughlin</a>. The critics argue that, since 11 September 2001, there have been no terrorist attacks in the U.S. that have been caused by any of the people banned by the order. In addition, they say that the suspension could compromise U.S. troops fighting overseas and that it provides propaganda for terrorist organizations like ISIS, as it allows them to proclaim that the U.S. has anti-Islam tendencies. The U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has said in <a href="/wiki/Washington_v._Trump" title="Washington v. Trump">Washington v. Trump</a>, that the travel ban is not constitutional, but Trump has stated he will continue to try and make it a reality.<a href="#cite_note-356">[346]</a> On 4 December, the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of supporting the Trump administrations third installment of the travel ban. This decision will allow full enforcement of the ban to continue after US courts blocked the first two measures of the controversial regulation of travelers. The ban will allow the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> to heavily regulate migration from countries such as Chad, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Venezuela, Yemen and Syria. This comes after President Trump's loss in October from his second ban being blocked by federal judges in Maryland and Hawaii. Active cases against the ban are currently in the lower courts and could dictate if President Trump's third attempt at his travel ban could still be enforced or deemed unconstitutional like his original two efforts. Advocates against the ban include the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> which represent several groups challenging the ban and will continue to do so with American Civil Liberties Union's director Omar Jadwat saying "President Trump's anti-Muslim prejudice is no secret."<a href="#cite_note-357">[347]</a> In the 2016 Fiscal Year, the US dramatically increased the number of refugees admitted from Syria, totaling 12,587 refugees from the war-torn country. Ninety-nine percent of these refugees were Muslims (with few Shia Muslims admitted) and approximately one percent were Christian according to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> analysis of State Department Refugee Processing Center data.<a href="#cite_note-358">[348]</a> The religious breakdown of Syria's 17.2 million people is approximately 74% Sunni Islam, 13% Alawi, Ismaili and Shia Islam, 10% Christian and 3% Druze.<a href="#cite_note-359">[349]</a> The state of religious persecution in the country is described by the <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a>: "In Syria, the Assad regime increased its targeting and surveillance of members of a variety of faith groups it deemed a "threat," especially members of the country's Sunni majority. This occurred concurrently with the escalation of violent extremist activity targeted against religious minorities, including <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a>, and others as the current civil war continues. Large scale internal and external displacement of all sectors of the population is ongoing"<a href="#cite_note-360">[350]</a> In 2017, the US accepted 3,024 Syrian refugees, but only accepted 11 in the first quarter of 2018<a href="#cite_note-361">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_opinion_on_Syrian_refugees">Public opinion on Syrian refugees</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Public opinion on Syrian refugees">edit</a>]</div> The topic of US involvement in alleviating the Syrian refugee crisis continues to be a highly contentious issue among legislators, stakeholders, and activists. As instability in the region continues to rise, and the number of people seeking refuge continues to increase, the topic of whether or not to admit Syrian refugees into the United States continues to have a pervasive hold on American affairs, both foreign and domestic. However, the presence of refugees in a country can present opportunities for the state to develop capacity in more marginalized areas.<a href="#cite_note-362">[352]</a> The issue of whether or not to admit Syrian refugees into the US has long been classified as a partisan issue, and the poll results affirm this position. In 2016, 56% of Democrats supported admitting Syrian refugees into the US, compared with 18% of Republicans and 32% of independents.<a href="#cite_note-363">[353]</a> Since the Syrian Refugee Crisis, the United States citizens have been formulating opinions on how to deal with the refugee crisis. In a CNN/ORC poll conducted in November 2015 when responding to the question "Do you favor or oppose allowing refugees from Syria to seek asylum in the United States? ... Do you favor/oppose that strongly or just somewhat?" 16% of people were strongly in favor, 22% somewhat in favor, 18% somewhat opposed, 43% strongly opposed, and 1% were unsure.<a href="#cite_note-Immigration-364">[354]</a> Another poll was conducted again in Jan–Feb 2017, asking the same question. This time, 25% of people were strongly in favor, 29% somewhat in favor, 18% somewhat opposed, 27% strongly opposed, and 2% were unsure (margin of error of about 3).<a href="#cite_note-Immigration-364">[354]</a> These polls show a shift towards more favourable opinions towards letting in Syrian refugees over this period. In <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_School_of_Law" title="Duke University School of Law">Duke University Law School</a>'s Academic Journal, Suman Momin wrote an article entitled A Human Rights Based Approach to Refugees: A Look at the Syrian Refugee Crisis and Responses from Germany and the United States. Momin lays out the most common moral and intrinsic arguments that affect citizens' opinions on refugee issues such as the Syrian Refugee Crisis. Momin introduces the "Good Samaritan" argument, the protection argument, and the political responsibility argument.<a href="#cite_note-Momin_2017_55–79-365">[355]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Good Samaritan</a> argument states that people are in favor of helping non-citizens who are refugees as long as they believe that by helping, their own country will not be sacrificing anything. The protection argument stems from the idea that humans care about the rights and lives of others. This argument means that people pay attention to emotional debates that use photos of refugees or play at emotional connections, making people want to protect or save refugees. Finally, the political responsibility argument states that people are more willing to help when they think providing aid or letting in refugees with advance their own country politically. Where Americans stand on these moral rationales is what influences their opinion of foreign policy issues towards Syrian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-Momin_2017_55–79-365">[355]</a> In a <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_University" title="Quinnipiac University">Quinnipiac University</a> Poll from 16 February through 21 February 2016, responding to the question "Do you support or oppose accepting Syrian refugees into the U.S.?", 74% of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> and 43% of <a href="/wiki/Independent_voting_movement" title="Independent voting movement">Independents</a> were in support of Syrian refugees coming to the US while only 13% of <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> were in support. 82% of Republicans were opposed to Syrian refugees coming to the US, 51% of Independents and 22% of Democrats. 4% to 5% of people in each party had no answer. The poll had a margin of error of plus or minus 2.9.<a href="#cite_note-Immigration-364">[354]</a> This poll indicates that Democrats are largely in favor of Syrian refugees entering the US while Republicans are largely opposed and considering the margin of error, Independents are completely split on the issue. In another poll taken by <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> on 30 and 31 January 2017 Gallup asked people "Thinking now about some of the specific actions <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> has taken since he has been in office, would you say you approve or disapprove of indefinitely suspending the United States' Syrian refugee program" 32% of people approved Trump's actions suspending the Syrian refugee program 62% of people disapproved and 6% of people were unsure (margin of error of plus or minus 4).<a href="#cite_note-Immigration-364">[354]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_South_America">In South America</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In South America">edit</a>]</div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> – Argentina decided in September 2013 to offer refuge to thousands of displaced Syrians. As of August 2013, more than three hundred refugee families have already arrived in Argentina.<a href="#cite_note-buenosairesherald.com-366">[356]</a> In 2016, as a result of the intensifying conflict in Syria, Argentina offered to accept 3,000 refugees.<a href="#cite_note-367">[357]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> – Brazil is the first country in the Americas to offer <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_visa" title="Humanitarian visa">humanitarian visas</a> to refugees. Brazil's embassies in countries neighboring Syria issue travel visas and allow for claims on arrival in Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-unhcr.org-368">[358]</a> These special humanitarian visas will also be provided to family members living in countries neighbouring Syria.<a href="#cite_note-unhcr.org-368">[358]</a> As of November 2015, there are 3,000 Syrian refugees in Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-369">[359]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> – Colombia accepts refugees that have asked for <a href="/wiki/Political_asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Political asylum">asylum</a> within Colombia. The refugees are registered with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Refugee_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Refugee Agency">UNHCR</a> in Bogotá,<a href="#cite_note-:4-91">[81]</a> and receive aid from Pastoral Social, a Colombian NGO that works closely with the <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-370">[360]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> – As of October 2014, more than 100 Syrian refugees are in Uruguay.<a href="#cite_note-UruguaySyria-371">[361]</a> However, those Syrians resettled in Uruguay want to go back and leave Uruguay.<a href="#cite_note-372">[362]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> – In September 2015, Venezuelan President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> announced that Venezuela is prepared to give asylum to 20,000 refugees in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela%E2%80%93Colombia_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis">Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-373">[363]</a> President Maduro defended his decision by asking "how many more Arabs must die before a great human conscience of peace is awakened?". The Venezuelan government supported President <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> started in 2011 and described the conflict as a Western "imperialist" plot to topple him.<a href="#cite_note-374">[364]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Asia-Pacific_region">In the Asia-Pacific region</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: In the Asia-Pacific region">edit</a>]</div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> – In October 2015, Australia announced that it would accept 12,000 Syrian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-375">[365]</a> By February 2016, Australia had settled 26 refugees.<a href="#cite_note-376">[366]</a> By September 2016, 3,532 people had been resettled, with a further 3,146 visas issued. In addition, another 6,293 people were undergoing health, character and security checks after undergoing interviews.<a href="#cite_note-377">[367]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> – In September 2015, the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a> reported that a Syrian refugee traveled 7,000 km to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> to seek asylum. The <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Immigration_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Immigration Department">Hong Kong Immigration Department</a> confirmed that the Syrian has filed a non-refoulement claim, which includes both torture and refugee applications with the government, and was later granted refugee status in February 2017. The city has a history of accepting the <a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Hong_Kong" title="Refugees in Hong Kong">fewest asylum seekers and refugees</a> with an acceptance rate of 0.6% as compared with 60% in Europe. As of December 2016, only 72 asylum seekers have their claims recognized by the Hong Kong authorities while many of them wait several years to have their claims screened.<a href="#cite_note-378">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[369]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> – In September 2015, there were 39 Syrian refugees and 20 asylum seekers seeking registration with the UNHCR in India. Most of them were living in <a href="/wiki/South_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="South Delhi">South Delhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-380">[370]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> – In February 2017, The government announced that Japan will accept a total of 300 refugees over 5 years.<a href="#cite_note-381">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[372]</a> Japan has only been processing the applications by strictly abiding by the refugee convention, while many countries in Europe, which have seen a sharp increase in Syrian asylum seekers in recent years, have been broadening their refugee definitions and support for asylum seekers.<a href="#cite_note-383">[373]</a> Four Syrian asylum seekers initiated a lawsuit against the Japanese government to seek official refugee status after they were denied refugee status but have been granted tentative residence permits.<a href="#cite_note-384">[374]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> – In October 2015, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Prime Minister">Malaysian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> announced that at least 3,000 Syrian refugees would be resettled in the country. Malaysia is the first Muslim-majority country to make this offer. Najib stated that Muslim countries were partly responsible for ensuring the well-being of the marginalised Syrians fleeing their country in massive numbers, causing social and economic stresses in Europe, during the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">migrant crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-385">[375]</a> The first batch of refugees arrived at <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_International_Airport" title="Kuala Lumpur International Airport">Kuala Lumpur International Airport</a> on 11 December 2015 on a flight arriving from <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-386">[376]</a> The second batch of 68 Syrian refugees arrived at the Subang Air Force Base (outside of <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> in May 2016.<a href="#cite_note-387">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[378]</a> In late December 2016, many of the refugees are found begging on the streets of Kuala Lumpur.<a href="#cite_note-389">[379]</a> As of May 2017, around 1,980 Syrian refugees have been registered in Malaysia with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-390">[380]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> – New Zealand has admitted 83 refugees,<a href="#cite_note-391">[381]</a> and announced a further 750 will be accepted.<a href="#cite_note-392">[382]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> – <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> has refused to offer any resettlement places to refugees. The number of Syrian refugees who have applied for asylum in South Korea number 918 in total since 1994, expected to grow to over 1,000 by the end of 2015. There were only 3 applicants before 2011, but the number greatly increased due to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-393">[383]</a> At the end of September 2015, the Ministry of Justice in South Korea said there are 848 Syrian asylum seekers in South Korea. Of those, 3 asylum seekers were accepted as refugees, which is an acceptance rate of less than 0.3%.<a href="#cite_note-:17-394">[384]</a> 631 people were permitted their residence on humanitarian grounds, 9 people decided not to accept refugee status and 75 withdrew their application; in total, 718 people had their status determined. The remaining 130 Syrians are still having their status determined.<a href="#cite_note-395">[385]</a> South Korea has been giving aid to Syrian refugees for a few years. The Korean government and NGOs provided support to set up about 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Zaatari_refugee_camp" title="Zaatari refugee camp">refugee tents in Zaatari</a>, Jordan. There are small parts called 'Korean villages' in the camp, where refugees can learn '<a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a>', Korean martial arts and can enroll in some education programs. The Korean government said that "it has spent $27 million in aiding refugees from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and South Sudan etc. in 2015".<a href="#cite_note-396">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[387]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> – Since July 1985, some Syrian refugees were going to Turkmenistan, because of the political Turkmenistani-Syrian relations. There is also a community of 55 Turkmenistanis in Syria. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_aid">Financial aid</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Financial aid">edit</a>]</div> Financial aid from government, non-government, and private donors to support Syrian refugees is largely channeled through established aid organizations, and national government agencies. These organizations and agencies deliver aid directly to refugees in the form of food, education, housing, clothing and medical care, along with migration and <a href="/wiki/Third_country_resettlement" title="Third country resettlement">resettlement</a> services. Complete figures for aid delivery since 2011 are not available. The table below shows cumulative known aid delivered by the largest aid organizations, between April 2011 and December 2015<a href="#cite_note-398">[388]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr style="background:Lightgrey;"> <td colspan="10" align="center">United Nations agencies </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a></td> <td>FAO</td> <td>42,103,122 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a></td> <td>OCHA</td> <td>412,587,348 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations Children's Emergency Fund</a></td> <td>UNICEF</td> <td>1,339,721,581 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Program">United Nations Development Program</a></td> <td>UNDP</td> <td>76,904,986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a></td> <td>UNESCO</td> <td>16,275,456 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">United Nations Higher Commissioner for Refugees</a></td> <td>UNHCR</td> <td>2,928,091,009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a></td> <td>UNPF</td> <td>51,352,953 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a></td> <td>UNRWA</td> <td>687,533,705 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></td> <td>WFP</td> <td>3,127,400,730 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></td> <td>WHO</td> <td>225,102,831 </td></tr> <tr style="background:Lightgrey;"> <td colspan="10" align="center">Intergovernmental Organizations </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a></td> <td>IOM</td> <td>169,490,783 </td></tr> <tr style="background:Lightgrey;"> <td colspan="10" align="center">International Non-Governmental Organizations </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CARE_International" title="CARE International">CARE International</a></td> <td>CARE</td> <td>50,733,320 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Handicap_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Handicap International">Handicap International</a></td> <td></td> <td>50,857,464 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></td> <td>ICRC</td> <td>119,327,373 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies</a></td> <td>IFRC</td> <td>28,615,689 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Medical_Corps" title="International Medical Corps">International Medical Corps</a></td> <td>IMC</td> <td>44,176,262 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a></td> <td>IRC</td> <td>40,880,550 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Corps" title="Mercy Corps">Mercy Corps</a></td> <td>Mercy Corps</td> <td>79,182,554 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a></td> <td>Oxfam</td> <td>53,150,962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_International" title="Save the Children International">Save the Children International</a></td> <td></td> <td>89,549,837 </td></tr> <tr style="background:Lightgrey;"> <td colspan="10" align="center">International Religious Organizations </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ACT_Alliance" title="ACT Alliance">ACT Alliance</a> (Ecumenical)</td> <td>ACT</td> <td>17,301,378 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caritas_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Caritas International">Caritas International</a> (Roman Catholic)</td> <td>CARITAS</td> <td>44,291,764 </td></tr> <tr style="background:Lightgrey;"> <td colspan="10" align="center">National Organizations </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_Refugee_Council" title="Danish Refugee Council">Danish Refugee Council</a> (Denmark)</td> <td>DRC</td> <td>111,383,440 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IHH_(Turkish_NGO)" title="IHH (Turkish NGO)">IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation</a> (Turkey)</td> <td>IHH</td> <td>84,026,099 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Relief" title="Islamic Relief">Islamic Relief</a> Worldwide (UK)</td> <td>IRW</td> <td>63,951,290 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">Norwegian Refugee Council</a></td> <td>NRC</td> <td>160,106,509 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Urgence" class="extiw" title="fr:Première Urgence">Première Urgence</a> (France)</td> <td></td> <td>44,403,652 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="List of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">Red Cross</a> (7 branches)</td> <td></td> <td>47,535,819 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="List of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">Red Crescent</a> (6 branches)</td> <td></td> <td>145,198,574 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238864702">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}</style> <table class="bar-chart"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Donor </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 25em">Funding to December 2015 (in <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">World </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:25em;"></div>17,029,967,564</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Turkey </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:11.7em;"></div>8,000,000,000</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:6.8em;"></div>4,662,407,369</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> European Union </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.7em;"></div>1,834,305,296</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> United Kingdom </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.3em;"></div>1,553,345,642</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Germany </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.9em;"></div>1,296,228,090</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Kuwait </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.5em;"></div>1,035,624,326</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Private </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.5em;"></div>1,017,484,080</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Canada </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.4em;"></div>969,710,000</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Saudi Arabia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.1em;"></div>737,120,785</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Japan </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.7em;"></div>447,688,208</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> UAE </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.6em;"></div>435,868,141</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> Norway </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.5em;"></div>356,803,764</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Netherlands </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.5em;"></div>338,491,157</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> United Nations </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.4em;"></div>247,344,198</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> Qatar </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div>236,891,320</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  Switzerland </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div>211,962,092</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> Denmark </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div>203,691,497</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> Sweden </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div>193,258,749</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> Australia </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div>176,605,888</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> France </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.2em;"></div>150,236,015</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> Italy </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 25em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.2em;"></div>111,443,572</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> Figures above are donations to international organizations as compiled by the Financial Tracking Service, of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs<a href="#cite_note-399">[389]</a> Not included are: government spending on domestic hosting and resettlement. Private donations are from individuals and organizations. United Nation's donations are from unearmarked funds not attributable to specific member states. Figures for Turkey include expenditures not tracked by the FTS.<a href="#cite_note-400">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-401">[391]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_refugees" title="Afghan refugees">Afghan refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_exile" title="Cuban exile">Cuban exiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_refugees" title="Libyan refugees">Libyan refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_defectors" title="North Korean defectors">North Korean defectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Iraq" title="Refugees of Iraq">Refugees of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Displacement during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict">Displacement during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_on_Jeju_Island" title="Refugees on Jeju Island">Refugees on Jeju Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Return of refugees of the Syrian civil war">Return of refugees of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_diaspora" title="Syrian diaspora">Syrian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis">Ukrainian refugee crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan refugee crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_boat_people" title="Vietnamese boat people">Vietnamese boat people</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol 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Retrieved 20 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Sweden&rft.atitle=Stor+%C3%B6kning+av+ensamkommande+flyktingbarn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscb.se%2Fsv_%2FHitta-statistik%2FStatistik-efter-amne%2FBefolkning%2FBefolkningens-sammansattning%2FBefolkningsstatistik%2F25788%2F25795%2FBehallare-for-Press%2F386883%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARefugees+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationsverket.se/download/18.7c00d8e6143101d166d1aab/1446451028489/Inkomna+ans%C3%B6kningar+om+asyl+2015+-+Applications+for+asylum+received+2015.pdf">"Applications for asylum received, 2015"</a> (PDF). The Swedish Migration Agency. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/abbott-government-agrees-to-resettle-12000-syrian-refugees-in-australia-20150909-gjibqz.html">the original</a> on 2 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Abbott+government+agrees+to+resettle+12%2C000+Syrian+refugees+in+Australia&rft.date=2015-10-19&rft.aulast=Bourke&rft.aufirst=Latika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ffederal-politics%2Fpolitical-news%2Fabbott-government-agrees-to-resettle-12000-syrian-refugees-in-australia-20150909-gjibqz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARefugees+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> Nicole Hasham, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/canada-has-rescued-800-times-more-syrian-refugees-than-australia-figures-show-20160217-gmw7dz.html">Canada has rescued 800 times more Syrian refugees than Australia, figures show</a>, The Sydney Morning Herald (17 February 2016). </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> Stephanie Anderson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-08/3500-syrian-iraqi-refugees-resettled-in-australia-one-year-on/7827478">[2]</a>, ABC News (8 September 2016) </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgo2015" class="citation web cs1">Ngo, Jennifer (9 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1856542/syrian-who-fled-hong-kong-applies-asylum-seeker-status">"Syrian refugee who fled more than 7,000 km to Hong Kong applies for asylum seeker status"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Syrian+refugee+who+fled+more+than+7%2C000+km+to+Hong+Kong+applies+for+asylum+seeker+status&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft.aulast=Ngo&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Flaw-crime%2Farticle%2F1856542%2Fsyrian-who-fled-hong-kong-applies-asylum-seeker-status&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARefugees+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarvalho2017" class="citation web cs1">Carvalho, Raquel (5 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/2068104/ray-hope-hong-kong-recognises-first-syrian-refugee-city">"'Ray of hope' as Hong Kong recognises first Syrian refugee in the city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=%27Ray+of+hope%27+as+Hong+Kong+recognises+first+Syrian+refugee+in+the+city&rft.date=2017-02-05&rft.aulast=Carvalho&rft.aufirst=Raquel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Flaw-crime%2Farticle%2F2068104%2Fray-hope-hong-kong-recognises-first-syrian-refugee-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARefugees+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/syrian-refugees-in-india-struggle-of-the-ones-who-got-away/story-T9D8SdgRyAnk33r9egJINJ.html">"Syrian refugees in India: Struggle of the ones who got away"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/europe/23873-turkey-spent-20-times-more-than-international-aid-agencies-on-refugees">the original</a> on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Turkey+spent+20+times+more+than+international+aid+agencies+on+refugees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F23873-turkey-spent-20-times-more-than-international-aid-agencies-on-refugees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARefugees+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218" /></a> This article incorporates text from a <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000261278">A Lifeline to learning: leveraging mobile technology to support education for refugees</a>, UNESCO. UNESCO.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Seale, P. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wrmea.org/2012-august/what-is-really-happening-in-syria.html">What is really happening in Syria</a>. The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, 31(5), 17–18.</li> <li>Panico, A. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meltingpot.org/I-don-t-have-dreams-Childhood-Lost.html#.W_aUQmhKjIU">I don't have dreams – Childhood LostAn investigation on the effects of the EU-Turkey deal: child labour</a>. Meltingpot.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php">UNHCR Regional Refugee Response Interagency Information Sharing Portal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219072255/http://www.data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php">Archived</a> 19 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/pages/5051e8cd6.html">UNHCR Syrian Emergency</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e486a76.html">UNHCR Country Operations Profile – Syria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unocha.org/syria">UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs – Syria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eeas.europa.eu/syria/">EU European External Action Service – Syria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iom.int/">IOM -Syria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/52b2febafc5.html">UNHCR National Resettlement Pledges</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syrian_civil_war" style="wide;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Overviews" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overviews</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Main overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Rojava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background and causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents in the Syrian civil war">Belligerents </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Effects and ongoing concerns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Refugees of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Phases and processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_revolution" title="Syrian revolution">Syrian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">Early insurgency phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">2012–2013 escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_ceasefires" title="Syrian civil war ceasefires">Ceasefires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">World reaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions to the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Specific groups and countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria">2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Area_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Area in Syria">Kurdish Area in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">U.S. task force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Agreements and dialogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-Turkish_agreement_on_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AANES%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="AANES–Syria relations">Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Latakia_protests" title="1999 Latakia protests">Latakia protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Spring" title="Damascus Spring">Damascus Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots" title="2004 Qamishli riots">Qamishli riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Declaration" title="Damascus Declaration">Damascus Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_Syria_political_history" title="2010s in Syria political history">2010s in Syria political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2011 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2011)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Siege of Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Siege of Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">May Talkalakh siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">June Jisr ash-Shughur operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Siege of Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Siege of Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">Jabal al-Zawiya operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Siege of Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">Battle of Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Battle of Douma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2012 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2012_al-Midan_bombing" title="January 2012 al-Midan bombing">January al-Midan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">First Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Battle of Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">May Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Battle of al-Haffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Battle of Tremseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">Battle of Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">18 July 2012 Damascus bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Battle of Aleppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Battle of Anadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Siege of Base 46</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)">Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">Darayya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khirbet_Al-Joz" title="Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz">Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2012)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2012–2013)">First siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harem" title="Battle of Harem">Battle of Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halfaya_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Halfaya massacre">Halfaya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbiseh_bakery_massacre" title="Talbiseh bakery massacre">Talbiseh bakery massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2013 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">Battle of Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Battle of Shadadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">Damascus offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">Battle of Raqqa (Mar)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_chemical_attack" title="Khan al-Assal chemical attack">Khan al-Assal chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Battle of Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Battle of Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Battle of al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2014 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">Jan–Jul</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">First Inter-rebel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Battle of Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Battle of Morek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">Daraa offensive (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">Al-Otaiba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">Idlib offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Battle of Hosn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">Latakia Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Battle of Al-Malihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kafr_Zita_chemical_attack" title="2014 Kafr Zita chemical attack">Kafr Zita chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">Second siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Battle of Arsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">First Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">Eastern Syria offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Battle of Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">Hama Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">Quneitra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">Daraa offensive (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">Al-Safira offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">Idlib Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Second Inter-Rebel Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">Second Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2015 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">Jan–Jul</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">Air Force An-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">Daraa Offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Battle of Bosra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">Idlib Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">Second Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Battle of Nasib Border Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Battle of Yarmouk Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">2015–2016 Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2016 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#January" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">February Homs bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#February" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">Battle of Tel Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2016)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">May Jableh & Tartous bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhar_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokhar massacre">Tokhar massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">Southern Aleppo campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">Battle of al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">Aleppo summer campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">5 September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">September Deir ez-Zor air raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Battle of al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2017 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">January Azaz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Damascus_bombings" title="March 2017 Damascus bombings">March Damascus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">Al-Jinah airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">Shayrat missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Desert campaign (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">Hama offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Battle of Harasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Euphrates_Crossing_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive">Euphrates Crossing offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2018 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Battle of Khasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">Missile strikes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">Southern offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">Qamishli clashes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Missile strikes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2019 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Battle of Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Deir ez-Zor (2019)">ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AArik_prison_escape_attempt" title="Dêrik prison escape attempt">Dêrik prison escape attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">June bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass refugee camp bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">Missile strikes (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkish offensive into northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">November bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">Israeli missile strikes (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">US airstrikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2020 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020–present)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Afrin_bombing" title="2020 Afrin bombing">Afrin bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr-Takharim airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Deir_ez-Zor_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Deir ez-Zor ambush">Deir ez-Zor ambush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2021 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">Missile strikes (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Daraa_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Daraa clashes">Daraa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2022 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Battle of al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jarqli_airstrikes" title="2022 Jarqli airstrikes">Jarqli airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Operation Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)">Northwest clashes (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2023 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2023)">Jan-Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Damascus_airstrike" title="2023 Damascus airstrike">Damascus airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Northern Syria clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israel and Golan Heights</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="March 2017 Israel–Syria incident">March 2017 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">Iraq</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Operation al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)#April" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian border incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war#2014" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Battle of Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">December 2011 Turkish border clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Syrian–Turkish border clashes">2012 Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">2013 Reyhanlı car bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_Turkish_attack_in_Syria" title="January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria">January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Assassination of Andrei Karlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Russian_Air_Force_Al-Bab_incident" title="2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident">Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">2020 Balyun airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Operation Spring Shield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;">Elsewhere:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Deir_ez-Zor_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike">Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a> (Iran)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Belligerents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Belligerents</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Politics of Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)">Syrian Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Military and militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Resistance" title="Syrian Resistance">Syrian Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Quds" title="Liwa al-Quds">al-Quds Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">Palestine Liberation Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Syrian_hospital_bombing_campaign" title="Russian–Syrian hospital bombing campaign">medical facility targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government" title="Syrian Interim Government">Interim government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_Coordination_Committees_of_Syria" title="Local Coordination Committees of Syria">Local Coordination Committees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Syrian_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution">Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change" title="National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change">National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission" title="Syrian Revolution General Commission">Syrian Revolution General Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Support_Group" title="Syrian Support Group">Syrian Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adopt_a_Revolution" title="Adopt a Revolution">Adopt a Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council#Syrian_Patriotic_Group" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian Patriotic Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Opposition militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation" title="National Front for Liberation">National Front for Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Izza" title="Jaysh al-Izza">Army of Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_and_Development_Front" title="Authenticity and Development Front">Authenticity and Development Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Free_Tribes" title="Army of Free Tribes">Army of Free Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Commando_Army" title="Revolutionary Commando Army">Revolutionary Commando Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">Muslim Brotherhood in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Movement for a Democratic Society">DFNS Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Council" title="Kurdish National Council">Kurdish National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Rojava" title="List of political parties in Rojava">Smaller political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF militias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">People's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Units" title="Women's Protection Units">Women's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units" title="Anti-Terror Units">Anti-Terror Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sanadid_Forces" title="Al-Sanadid Forces">Al-Sanadid Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Revolutionaries" title="Army of Revolutionaries">Army of Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils" title="Syrian Democratic Forces military councils">SDF military councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Thuwar_al-Raqqa" title="Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa">Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Brigade" title="Northern Democratic Brigade">Northern Democratic Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">Patriotic Union of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Freedom_Battalion" title="International Freedom Battalion">International Freedom Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military activity of ISIL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">Al-Barakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokumac%C4%B1lar" title="Dokumacılar">Dokumacılar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Martyrs_Brigade" title="Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade">Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Muthanna_Movement" title="Islamic Muthanna Movement">Islamic Muthanna Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Jihad" title="Jaysh al-Jihad">Jaysh al-Jihad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Aqsa" title="Jund al-Aqsa">Liwa al-Aqsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Dawud" title="Liwa Dawud">Liwa Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Aqab_al-Islami" title="Liwa Aqab al-Islami">Liwa Aqab al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibah_Nusantara" title="Katibah Nusantara">Katibah Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katiba_al-Bittar_al-Libi" title="Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi">Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_Brigade" title="Al-Khansaa Brigade">Al-Khansaa Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabhat Fatah al-Sham">Jabhat Fatah al-Sham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khorasan_group" title="Khorasan group">Khorasan group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suqour_al-Ezz" title="Suqour al-Ezz">Suqour al-Ezz</a>) <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_Muhammad_in_Bilad_al-Sham" title="Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham">Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria" title="Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria">Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz" title="Ajnad al-Kavkaz">Ajnad al-Kavkaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junud_al-Makhdi" title="Junud al-Makhdi">Junud al-Makhdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouse_the_Believers_Operations_Room" title="Rouse the Believers Operations Room">Rouse the Believers Operations Room</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Tawhid_(Syria)" title="Ansar al-Tawhid (Syria)">Ansar al-Tawhid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Firqat_al-Ghuraba" title="Firqat al-Ghuraba">Firqat al-Ghuraba</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hurras_al-Din" title="Hurras al-Din">Hurras al-Din</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Din_Front" title="Ansar al-Din Front">Ansar al-Din Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harakat_Sham_al-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Harakat Sham al-Islam">Harakat Sham al-Islam</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Haramoun" title="Jaish al-Haramoun">Jaish al-Haramoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Sunna" title="Jaysh al-Sunna">Jaysh al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar" title="Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar">Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Battalion" title="Green Battalion">Green Battalion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Syria)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhama_Tactical" title="Malhama Tactical">Malhama Tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Furqan_in_Bilad_al_Sham" title="Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham">Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghuraba_al-Sham" title="Ghuraba al-Sham">Ghuraba al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Pakistani Taliban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat" title="Imam Bukhari Jamaat">Imam Bukhari Jamaat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirin_wa-Ansar_Alliance" title="Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance">Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liwaa_al-Umma" title="Liwaa al-Umma">Liwaa al-Umma</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_Abdulhamid" title="Ammar Abdulhamid">Ammar Abdulhamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Abdallah" title="Ali al-Abdallah">Ali al-Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Aroor" title="Adnan al-Aroor">Adnan al-Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_family" title="Al-Assad family">al-Assad family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad" title="Rifaat al-Assad">Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Makhlouf" title="Rami Makhlouf">Rami Makhlouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_Makhlouf" title="Hafez Makhlouf">Hafez Makhlouf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Asaad" title="Riad al-Asaad">Riad al-Asaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Bunni" title="Anwar al-Bunni">Anwar al-Bunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_Jassem_al-Freij" title="Fahd Jassem al-Freij">Fahd Jassem al-Freij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheil_al-Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suheil al-Hassan">Suheil al-Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_al-Maleh" title="Haitham al-Maleh">Haitham al-Maleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib" title="Moaz al-Khatib">Moaz al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_al-Labwani" title="Kamal al-Labwani">Kamal al-Labwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Hamza al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_al-Mallohi" title="Tal al-Mallohi">Tal al-Mallohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_al-Sayed" title="Fida al-Sayed">Fida al-Sayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Turk" title="Riad al-Turk">Riad al-Turk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Khoja" title="Khaled Khoja">Khaled Khoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_al-Qurabi" title="Ammar al-Qurabi">Ammar al-Qurabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheir_Atassi" title="Suheir Atassi">Suheir Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sadreddine_Al-Bayanouni" title="Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni">Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aref_Dalila" title="Aref Dalila">Aref Dalila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Ghadry" title="Farid Ghadry">Farid Ghadry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Ghazzawi" title="Razan Ghazzawi">Razan Ghazzawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Hitto" title="Ghassan Hitto">Ghassan Hitto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Idris" title="Salim Idris">Salim Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randa_Kassis" title="Randa Kassis">Randa Kassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Kilo" title="Michel Kilo">Michel Kilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassma_Kodmani" title="Bassma Kodmani">Bassma Kodmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Habib_Mahmud" title="Ali Habib Mahmud">Ali Habib Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mahmoud_Othman" title="Ali Mahmoud Othman">Ali Mahmoud Othman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Qashoush" title="Ibrahim Qashoush">Ibrahim Qashoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoud_Rajiha" title="Dawoud Rajiha">Dawoud Rajiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassin_al-Haj_Saleh" title="Yassin al-Haj Saleh">Yassin al-Haj Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouthaina_Shaaban" title="Bouthaina Shaaban">Bouthaina Shaaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulbaset_Sieda" title="Abdulbaset Sieda">Abdulbaset Sieda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_Seif" title="Riad Seif">Riad Seif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadwa_Souleimane" title="Fadwa Souleimane">Fadwa Souleimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Anas_Haitham_Soueid" title="Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid">Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaser_Tabbara" title="Yaser Tabbara">Yaser Tabbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Zaitouneh" title="Razan Zaitouneh">Razan Zaitouneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Jarrah" title="Rami Jarrah">Rami Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Mustafa" title="Abdurrahman Mustafa">Abdurrahman Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadlallah_al-Haji" title="Fadlallah al-Haji">Fadlallah al-Haji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Syrian_local_elections" title="2011 Syrian local elections">2011 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Syrian parliamentary election">2012 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2014 Syrian presidential election">2014 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Rojava_local_elections" title="2015 Rojava local elections">2015 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Syrian parliamentary election">2016 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_local_elections" title="2017 Rojava local elections">2017 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_regional_elections" title="2017 Rojava regional elections">2017 Northern regional elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian_local_elections" title="2018 Syrian local elections">2018 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Syrian parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2021 Syrian presidential election">2021 presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_and_towns_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heritage_sites_damaged_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of heritage sites damaged during the Syrian civil war">Damaged heritage sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_demonstrations_and_protests_relating_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International demonstrations and protests relating to the Syrian civil war">International demonstrations and protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of the Golan Heights">Status of the Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Peace process</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria" title="Arab League monitors in Syria">Arab League monitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Syria_Group" title="Friends of Syria Group">Friends of Syria Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">Kofi Annan peace plan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Supervision_Mission_in_Syria" title="United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria">UN supervision mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan">Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Russia_peace_proposals_on_Syria" title="U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria">U.S.–Russia peace proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_G8_summit" title="39th G8 summit">39th G8 summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2118" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118">UN Security Council Resolution 2118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria" title="Geneva II Conference on Syria">Geneva II conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Zabadani_cease-fire_agreement" title="2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement">2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_peace_talks_for_Syria" title="Vienna peace talks for Syria">Vienna talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_peace_talks_on_Syria_(2016)" title="Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)">2016 Geneva talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Northern Syria Buffer Zone">First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Constitutional_Committee" title="Syrian Constitutional Committee">Syrian Constitutional Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War crimes trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkerstrafgesetzbuch#Syrian_civil_war" title="Völkerstrafgesetzbuch">Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_mandate" title="Exclusive mandate">Exclusive mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Syrian_National_Council" title="International recognition of the Syrian National Council">International recognition of the Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Files" title="Syria Files">Syria Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_detainee_report" title="2014 Syrian detainee report">Syrian detainee report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Media coverage of the Syrian civil war">Syrian media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian civil war in popular culture">Syrian civil war in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:Syrian civil war">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Syria&#124;link=Syria_Syrians_and_diaspora_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Syrian_opposition&#124;link=Syrian_opposition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_diaspora" title="Template:Syrian diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syrian_diaspora" title="Template talk:Syrian diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Syria&#124;link=Syria_Syrians_and_diaspora_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Syrian_opposition&#124;link=Syrian_opposition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrian_diaspora" title="Syrian diaspora">diaspora</a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Argentines" title="Syrian Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Brazilians" title="Syrian Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Canadians" title="Syrian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrian_Chileans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrian Chileans (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Colombians" title="Syrian Colombians">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Haitians" title="Syrian Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Mexicans" title="Syrian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Americans" title="Syrian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_communities_of_the_United_States" title="Syrian Jewish communities of the United States">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Uruguayans" title="Syrian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Venezuelan">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrians_in_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrians in French Guiana (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Jordan" title="Syrians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Kuwait" title="Syrians in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Lebanon" title="Syrians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Syrians in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Turkey" title="Syrians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Syrians in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrians_in_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrians in China (page does not exist)">China</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E4%BA%BA" class="extiw" title="jp:在日シリア人">Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrians in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Denmark" title="Syrians in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Finland" title="Syrians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Austria" title="Syrians in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Germany" title="Syrians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrians in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Norway" title="Syrians in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_Sweden" title="Syrians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Syrians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Australians" title="Syrian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_New_Zealanders" title="Syrian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Arabs" title="Ghanaian Arabs">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrians_in_Ivory_Coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrians in Ivory Coast (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrians_in_Senegal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrians in Senegal (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2015_European_migrant_crisis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_migrant_crisis" title="Template:European migrant crisis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_migrant_crisis" title="Template talk:European migrant crisis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_migrant_crisis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European migrant crisis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2015_European_migrant_crisis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="Timeline of the 2015 European migrant crisis">Timeline of the 2015 European migrant crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Refugees and immigration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_refugees" title="Afghan refugees">Afghan refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_refugees" title="Kurdish refugees">Kurdish refugees</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syrian refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of Libya">Libyan refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Iraq" title="Refugees of Iraq">Iraqi refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_exodus_from_Iraq" title="Assyrian exodus from Iraq">Assyrian refugees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Sudan" title="Refugees of Sudan">Sudanese refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Europe" title="Immigration to Europe">Immigration to Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigration to Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Germany" title="Immigration to Germany">Immigration to Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration to Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Greece" title="Immigration to Greece">Immigration to Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Europe" title="African immigration to Europe">African immigration to Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_diplomacy" title="Migration diplomacy">Migration diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Migrant vehicle incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2007_Malta_migrant_shipwreck" title="May 2007 Malta migrant shipwreck">May 2007 Malta migrant shipwreck</a> (May 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Mediterranean_Sea_migrant_shipwreck" title="2009 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck">2009 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck</a> (March 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Mediterranean_Sea_migrant_shipwreck" title="2011 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck">2011 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck</a> (April 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Lampedusa_migrant_shipwreck" title="2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck">Lampedusa shipwreck</a> (October 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Malta_migrant_shipwreck" title="2014 Malta migrant shipwreck">2014 Malta migrant shipwreck</a> (September 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libya_migrant_shipwreck" title="2014 Libya migrant shipwreck">2014 Libya migrant shipwreck</a> (September 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Sky_M_incident" title="Blue Sky M incident">Blue Sky M incident</a> (December 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezadeen_incident" title="Ezadeen incident">Ezadeen incident</a> (January 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgenland_corpses_discovery" title="Burgenland corpses discovery">Burgenland corpses discovery</a> (August 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Alan_Kurdi" title="Death of Alan Kurdi">Death of Alan Kurdi</a> (September 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Egypt_migrant_shipwreck" title="2016 Egypt migrant shipwreck">2016 Egypt migrant shipwreck</a> (September 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Libya_migrant_shipwrecks" title="November 2016 Libya migrant shipwrecks">November 2016 Libya migrant shipwrecks</a> (November 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Libya_migrant_shipwrecks" title="2018 Libya migrant shipwrecks">2018 Libya migrant shipwrecks</a> (January 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_lorry_deaths" title="Essex lorry deaths">Essex lorry deaths</a> (October 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_lorry_deaths" title="Sofia lorry deaths">Sofia lorry deaths</a> (February 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Calabria_migrant_boat_disaster" title="2023 Calabria migrant boat disaster">2023 Calabria migrant boat disaster</a> (February 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Tunisia_migrant_boat_disasters" title="2023 Tunisia migrant boat disasters">2023 Tunisia migrant boat disasters</a> (March & April 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Libya_migrant_boats_sinking" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Libya migrant boats sinking">2023 Libya migrant boats sinking</a> (April 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Messenia_migrant_boat_disaster" title="2023 Messenia migrant boat disaster">2023 Messenia migrant boat disaster</a> (June 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Canary_Islands_migrant_boat_disaster" title="2023 Canary Islands migrant boat disaster">2023 Canary Islands migrant boat disaster</a> (June 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Cape_Verde_migrant_boat_disaster" title="2023 Cape Verde migrant boat disaster">2023 Cape Verde migrant boat disaster</a> (July 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChldorf_van_crash" title="Mühldorf van crash">Mühldorf van crash</a> (October 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_migrant_vessel_incidents_on_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="List of migrant vessel incidents on the Mediterranean Sea">List of migrant vessel incidents on the Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_migrant_vehicle_incidents_in_Europe" title="List of migrant vehicle incidents in Europe">List of migrant vehicle incidents in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maritime operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontex#Poseidon" title="Frontex">Operation Poseidon</a> (EU, 2006–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontex#Hermes" title="Frontex">Operation Hermes</a> (EU, 2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mare_Nostrum" title="Operation Mare Nostrum">Operation Mare Nostrum</a> (Italy, 2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Triton" title="Operation Triton">Operation Triton</a> (EU, 2014–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Themis" title="Operation Themis">Operation Themis</a> (EU, 2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sophia" title="Operation Sophia">Operation Sophia</a> (EU Navfor Med, 2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontex#Poseidon" title="Frontex">Operation Poseidon Rapid Intervention</a> (EU, 2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_Offshore_Aid_Station" title="Migrant Offshore Aid Station">Migrant Offshore Aid Station</a> (NGO, 2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proactiva_Open_Arms" title="Proactiva Open Arms">Proactiva Open Arms</a> (NGO, 2015–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_Dignitus" title="Aquarius Dignitus">Aquarius Dignitus</a> (NGO <a href="/wiki/SOS_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" title="SOS Méditerranée">SOS Méditerranée</a>, 2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugend_Rettet" title="Jugend Rettet">Jugend Rettet</a> (NGO, 2016–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Migrant camps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basroch_refugee_camp" title="Basroch refugee camp">Basroch refugee camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calais_Jungle" title="Calais Jungle">Calais Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Lini%C3%A8re" title="La Linière">La Linière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampedusa_immigrant_reception_center" title="Lampedusa immigrant reception center">Lampedusa immigrant reception center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_refugee_camp" title="Moria refugee camp">Moria refugee camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrants_around_Calais" title="Migrants around Calais">Migrants around Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotspot_camp" title="Hotspot camp">Hotspot camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Border barriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_border_barrier" title="Austrian border barrier">Austrian border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Turkey_border#Border_barrier" title="Bulgaria–Turkey border">Bulgarian border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_border_fence" title="Ceuta border fence">Ceuta border fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calais_border_barrier" title="Calais border barrier">Calais border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_border_barrier" title="Hungarian border barrier">Hungarian border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla_border_fence" title="Melilla border fence">Melilla border fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_border_barrier" title="North Macedonia border barrier">North Macedonia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Norway–Russia border barrier">Norway–Russia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Belarus_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland–Belarus barrier">Poland–Belarus barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_border_barrier" title="Slovenian border barrier">Slovenian border barrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Khaled_Idris_Bahray" title="Murder of Khaled Idris Bahray">Murder of Khaled Idris Bahray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Geldermalsen_riot" title="2015 Geldermalsen riot">2015 Geldermalsen riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corsican_protests" title="2015 Corsican protests">2015 Corsican protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_New_Year%27s_Eve_sexual_assaults_in_Germany" title="2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany">2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ashley_Ann_Olsen" title="Murder of Ashley Ann Olsen">Murder of Ashley Ann Olsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatal_stabbing_of_Alexandra_Mezher" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatal stabbing of Alexandra Mezher">Fatal stabbing of Alexandra Mezher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hungarian_migrant_quota_referendum" title="2016 Hungarian migrant quota referendum">2016 Hungarian migrant quota referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Reutlingen_knife_attack" title="2016 Reutlingen knife attack">2016 Reutlingen knife attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Chemnitz_terrorism_plot" title="2016 Chemnitz terrorism plot">2016 Chemnitz terrorism plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Maria_Ladenburger" title="Murder of Maria Ladenburger">Murder of Maria Ladenburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Turku_attack" title="2017 Turku attack">2017 Turku attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Pamela_Mastropietro" title="Murder of Pamela Mastropietro">Murder of Pamela Mastropietro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Chemnitz_protests" title="2018 Chemnitz protests">2018 Chemnitz protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Desir%C3%A9e_Mariottini" title="Murder of Desirée Mariottini">Murder of Desirée Mariottini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="Belarus–European Union border crisis">2021–present Belarus–EU border crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_and_asylum_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Migration and asylum policy of the European Union">Migration and asylum policy of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_2015_migrant_crisis" title="European Union response to the 2015 migrant crisis">European Union response to the 2015 migrant crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Asylum_Curriculum" title="European Asylum Curriculum">European Asylum Curriculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Agency_for_Asylum" title="European Union Agency for Asylum">European Union Agency for Asylum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_shopping" title="Asylum shopping">Asylum shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_migration" title="Chain migration">Chain migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees">Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Regulation" title="Dublin Regulation">Dublin Regulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurodac" title="Eurodac">Eurodac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_migrant" title="Economic migrant">Economic migrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edlumino" title="Edlumino">Edlumino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Border_Surveillance_System" title="European Border Surveillance System">European Border Surveillance System</a> (Eurosur)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_at_Sea" title="Fire at Sea">Fire at Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">Frontex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_Europe" title="Fortress Europe">Fortress Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrants_around_Calais" title="Migrants around Calais">Migrants around Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Information_System" title="Schengen Information System">Schengen Information System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%27s_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey's migrant crisis">Turkey's migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valletta_Summit_on_Migration" title="Valletta Summit on Migration">Valletta Summit on Migration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&oldid=1257412501">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&oldid=1257412501</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees of the Syrian civil war</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Refugees_of_the_Arab_Winter" title="Category:Refugees of the Arab 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