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Tilgjengeleg på 42 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiv_temperatur" title="Effektiv temperatur – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Effektiv temperatur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiv_temperatur" title="Effektiv temperatur – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Effektiv temperatur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiv_temperatur_(stjerne)" title="Effektiv temperatur (stjerne) – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Effektiv temperatur (stjerne)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiewe_temperatuur" title="Effektiewe temperatuur – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Effektiewe temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9" title="درجة الحرارة الفعالة – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="درجة الحرارة الفعالة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efectivo" title="Temperatura efectivo – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Temperatura efectivo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ефективна температура – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ефективна температура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efectiva" title="Temperatura efectiva – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Temperatura efectiva" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эффективлă температура – tsjuvansk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эффективлă температура" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efektivn%C3%AD_teplota" title="Efektivní teplota – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Efektivní teplota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektive_Temperatur" title="Effektive Temperatur – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Effektive Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ενεργός θερμοκρασία – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενεργός θερμοκρασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Effective temperature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efectiva" title="Temperatura efectiva – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Temperatura efectiva" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efika_temperaturo" title="Efika temperaturo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Efika temperaturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenperatura_efektibo" title="Tenperatura efektibo – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tenperatura efektibo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1" title="دمای مؤثر – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دمای مؤثر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_effective" title="Température effective – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Température effective" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%9A%A8%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84" title="유효온도 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유효온도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okpom%E1%BB%8Dk%E1%BB%A5_d%E1%BB%8B_ir%C3%A8" title="Okpomọkụ dị irè – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Okpomọkụ dị irè" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_efektif" title="Suhu efektif – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suhu efektif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efficace" title="Temperatura efficace – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Temperatura efficace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiv_Temperatur" title="Effektiv Temperatur – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Effektiv Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efektin%C4%97_temperat%C5%ABra" title="Efektinė temperatūra – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Efektinė temperatūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Делотворна температура – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Делотворна температура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_berkesan" title="Suhu berkesan – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Suhu berkesan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effectieve_temperatuur" title="Effectieve temperatuur – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Effectieve temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%8A%B9%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="有効温度 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有効温度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarador_harorat" title="Samarador harorat – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Samarador harorat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efektywna_(fizyka)" title="Temperatura efektywna (fizyka) – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Temperatura efektywna (fizyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efetiva" title="Temperatura efetiva – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Temperatura efetiva" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83_efectiv%C4%83" title="Temperatură efectivă – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Temperatură efectivă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эффективная температура – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эффективная температура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Effective temperature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efektivna_temperatura" title="Efektivna temperatura – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Efektivna temperatura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintal%C3%A4mp%C3%B6tila" title="Pintalämpötila – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pintalämpötila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%BA%93%C9%A3elt_tamellilt" title="Taẓɣelt tamellilt – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taẓɣelt tamellilt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5" title="อุณหภูมิยังผล – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุณหภูมิยังผล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etkin_s%C4%B1cakl%C4%B1k" title="Etkin sıcaklık – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Etkin sıcaklık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ефективна температура – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ефективна температура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_hi%E1%BB%87u_d%E1%BB%A5ng" title="Nhiệt độ hiệu dụng – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt độ hiệu dụng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="有效溫度 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="有效溫度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q854050#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><p>Den <b>effektive temperaturen</b> til ein lekam som ei <a href="/wiki/Stjerne" title="Stjerne">stjerne</a> eller ein <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> er den <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">temperaturen</a> ein <a href="/wiki/Svart_lekam" title="Svart lekam">svart lekam</a> ville ha om han strålte ut same mengd <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisk_str%C3%A5ling" title="Elektromagnetisk stråling">elektromagnetisk stråling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effektiv temperatur vert ofte nytta som eit temperaturestimat til ein lekam når ein ikkje kjenner <a href="/wiki/Emissivitet" title="Emissivitet">emissivitetskurva</a> (som ein funksjon av <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8lgjelengd" title="Bølgjelengd">bølgjelengd</a>) til lekamen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stjerne">Stjerne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Effektiv_temperatur&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Stjerne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Effektiv_temperatur&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Stjerne"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:EffectiveTemperature_300dpi_e.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/EffectiveTemperature_300dpi_e.png/220px-EffectiveTemperature_300dpi_e.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/EffectiveTemperature_300dpi_e.png/330px-EffectiveTemperature_300dpi_e.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/EffectiveTemperature_300dpi_e.png/440px-EffectiveTemperature_300dpi_e.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Den effektive temperaturen til sola (5777 K) er temperaturen ein svart lekam på same storleik må ha for å stråle ut den same mengda elektromagnetisk stråling.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den effektive temperaturen til ei <a href="/wiki/Stjerne" title="Stjerne">stjerne</a> er temperaturen til ein <a href="/wiki/Svart_lekam" title="Svart lekam">svart lekam</a> med same <a href="/wiki/Luminositet" title="Luminositet">luminositet</a> per <i>overflateareal</i> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{\mathrm {Bol} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">F</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{\mathrm {Bol} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/869a5ada5238665fba535a9e3b11c2ea128ff35a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.346ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{\mathrm {Bol} }}"></span>) som stjerna og som er definert med hjelp av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefan%E2%80%93Boltzmann-lova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefan–Boltzmann-lova (sida finst ikkje)">Stefan–Boltzmann-lova</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{\mathrm {Bol} }=\sigma T_{\mathrm {eff} }^{4}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">F</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{\mathrm {Bol} }=\sigma T_{\mathrm {eff} }^{4}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c480cfd74200d5fe629793c23b4455c4b70c0ea9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.318ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{\mathrm {Bol} }=\sigma T_{\mathrm {eff} }^{4}}"></span>. Merk at den totale (bolometriske) luminositeten til ei stjerne då er <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L=4\pi R^{2}\sigma T_{\mathrm {eff} }^{4}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>σ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L=4\pi R^{2}\sigma T_{\mathrm {eff} }^{4}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fa86602a12664b278709a29058b6add5eebc76c6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.867ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L=4\pi R^{2}\sigma T_{\mathrm {eff} }^{4}}"></span>, der <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}"></span> er stjerneradiusen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Definisjonen på stjerneradiusen er ikkje enkel å finne. Ein strengare definisjon er at den effektive temperaturen samsvarar med temperaturen ved ein radius definert av Rosseland <a href="/wiki/Optisk_tjukkleik" title="Optisk tjukkleik">optiske tjukkleik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den effektive temperaturen og den bolometriske luminositeten er to grunnleggande fysiske parametrar som ein treng for å plassere ei stjerne på <a href="/w/index.php?title=HR-diagram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HR-diagram (sida finst ikkje)">HR-diagrammet</a>. Både effektiv temperatur og bolometrisk luminositet er avhengige av den kjemiske samansettinga til ei stjerne. </p><p>Den effektive temperaturen til sola vår er rundt 5780 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a> (K).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stjerner har faktisk ein <a href="/wiki/Temperaturgradient" title="Temperaturgradient">temperaturgradient</a> som går frå kjernen deira og opp til atmosfæren. Kjernetemperaturen i sola, altså temperaturen i midten av sola der kjernereaksjonane skjer, er estimert til å vere 15 000 000 K. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fargeindeks" title="Fargeindeks">Fargeindeksen</a> til ei stjerne indikerer temperaturen til stjerna, frå særs kald (relativt sett), som er raude M-stjerner som stråler ut mykje <a href="/wiki/Infraraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Infraraud">infraraud</a> stråling til dei særs blå O-stjernene som hovudsakleg stråler <a href="/wiki/Ultrafiolett" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultrafiolett">ultrafiolett</a>. Den effektive temperaturen til ei stjerne indikerer varmemengda som stjerna stråler ut per overflateareal. frå den varmaste flata til den kjøligaste er stjernetypane O, B, A, F, G, K og M. </p><p>Ei raud stjerne kan vere ein liten <a href="/wiki/Raud_dverg" title="Raud dverg">raud dverg</a>, ei stjerne med svak energiproduksjon og ei lita overflate, eller ein oppsvulma gigant eller til og med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supergigant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supergigant (sida finst ikkje)">supergigant</a> som <a href="/wiki/Antares" title="Antares">Antares</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Betelgeuse" title="Betelgeuse">Betelgeuse</a>, som produserer store energimengder, men som må passere gjennom ei flate som er så stor at stjerna stråler ut lite energi per overflateareal. Ei stjerne i midten av spektrumet, som den beskjedne sola eller den store <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stjerna_Capella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stjerna Capella (sida finst ikkje)">Capella</a> stråler meir varme per overflateareal enn ei svak raud dvergstjerne eller dei oppsvulma supergigantane, men mykje mindre enn kvite eller blå stjerner som <a href="/wiki/Vega" class="mw-redirect" title="Vega">Vega</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rigel" title="Rigel">Rigel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planet">Planet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Effektiv_temperatur&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Planet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Effektiv_temperatur&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Planet"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den effektive temperaturen til ein <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> kan reknast ut ved å sjå på strålinga som treffer planeten og strålinga som planeten stråler ut med temperaturen til ein svart lekam <var>T</var>. </p><p>Om ein har ein planet med avstand <var>D</var> frå stjerna, <a href="/wiki/Luminositet" title="Luminositet">luminositet</a> <var>L</var>. </p><p>Ved å tenkje seg at stjerna stråler isotropisk og at planeten er langt borte frå stjerna, så kan krafta planeten absorberer handsamast som om planeten er ein disk med radius <var>r</var>, som tar imot noko av krafta spreidd over kuleflate med radius <var>D</var>. Vi let òg planeten reflektere noko av den innkommande strålinga ved å nytte ein parameter kalla <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a>. Ein albedo på 1 tyder at all strålinga vert reflektert, og ein albedo på 0 at all strålinga vert absorbert. Uttrykket for den absorberte strålinga vert då: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {abs} }={\frac {Lr^{2}(1-A)}{4D^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <msup> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {abs} }={\frac {Lr^{2}(1-A)}{4D^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3774e241d797efb5ecc0aca40382d538e4acc1c4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:19.284ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {abs} }={\frac {Lr^{2}(1-A)}{4D^{2}}}}"></span> </p><p>Ein tenkjer seg vidare at heile planeten har same temperatur <var>T</var>, og at planeten stråler som ein svart lekam. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefan%E2%80%93Boltzmann-lova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefan–Boltzmann-lova (sida finst ikkje)">Stefan–Boltzmann-lova</a> gjev ei uttrykk for strålinga som planeten sender ut: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {rad} }=4\pi r^{2}\sigma T^{4}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>σ</mi> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {rad} }=4\pi r^{2}\sigma T^{4}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dd1cb6391d881df43213a6f3bc0655f205f0ab13" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.905ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {rad} }=4\pi r^{2}\sigma T^{4}}"></span> </p><p>Ved å rekne ut desse to uttrykka og omarrangere dei, får ein eit uttrykk for den effektive temperaturen: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=\left({\frac {L(1-A)}{16\pi \sigma D^{2}}}\right)^{\tfrac {1}{4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>16</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>σ</mi> <msup> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=\left({\frac {L(1-A)}{16\pi \sigma D^{2}}}\right)^{\tfrac {1}{4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6da1b4be10dcc4d2b36aef27bcfc315dffbd7285" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:20.021ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=\left({\frac {L(1-A)}{16\pi \sigma D^{2}}}\right)^{\tfrac {1}{4}}}"></span> </p><p>Merk at radiusen til planeten er vorte kansellert bort frå det siste uttrykket. </p><p>Den effektive temperaturen for <a href="/wiki/Planeten_Jupiter" title="Planeten Jupiter">Jupiter</a> er 112 K og <a href="/w/index.php?title=51_Pegasi_b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="51 Pegasi b (sida finst ikkje)">51 Pegasi b</a> (Bellerophon) er 1258 K. Den faktiske temperaturen er avhengig av <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Atmosfære">atmosfære</a> og <a href="/wiki/Indre_varme" class="mw-redirect" title="Indre varme">indre varme</a>. Den faktiske temperaturen ein har frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroskopisk_analyse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroskopisk analyse (sida finst ikkje)">spektroskopisk analyse</a> for <a href="/w/index.php?title=HD_209458_b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HD 209458 b (sida finst ikkje)">HD 209458 b</a> (Osiris) er 1130 K, medan svartlekamtemperaturen er 1359 K. Den indre varmen på Jupiter er 40 K, og i lag med den effektive temperaturen på 112 K vert den faktiske temperaturen 152 K (-121 ºC). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sjå_òg"><span id="Sj.C3.A5_.C3.B2g"></span>Sjå òg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Effektiv_temperatur&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Sjå òg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Effektiv_temperatur&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sjå òg"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fargetemperatur" title="Fargetemperatur">Fargetemperatur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysstyrketemperatur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lysstyrketemperatur (sida finst ikkje)">Lysstyrketemperatur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Effektiv_temperatur&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Effektiv_temperatur&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_temperature" class="extiw" title="en:Effective temperature">Effective temperature</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a>, den 3. februar 2010.</i> <ul><li><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a> oppgav desse kjeldene:</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Archie E. Roy, David Clarke (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=v2S6XV8dsIAC&pg=PA216&dq=%22effective+temperature%22+%22black+body%22+radiates+same&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=kkRRSYyFFIuiyASqyIXDDw"><i>Astronomy</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9780750309172" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/9780750309172">9780750309172</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AEffektiv+temperatur&rft.au=Archie+E.+Roy%2C+David+Clarke&rft.btitle=Astronomy&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780750309172&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv2S6XV8dsIAC%26pg%3DPA216%26dq%3D%2522effective%2Btemperature%2522%2B%2522black%2Bbody%2522%2Bradiates%2Bsame%26lr%3D%26as_brr%3D0%26as_pt%3DALLTYPES%26ei%3DkkRRSYyFFIuiyASqyIXDDw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tayler, Roger John (1994). <i>The Stars: Their Structure and Evolution</i>. Cambridge University Press. s. 16. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0521458854" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0521458854">0521458854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AEffektiv+temperatur&rft.aufirst=Roger+John&rft.aulast=Tayler&rft.btitle=The+Stars%3A+Their+Structure+and+Evolution&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0521458854&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Böhm-Vitense, Erika. <i>Introduction to Stellar Astrophysics, Volume 3, Stellar structure and evolution</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (sida finst ikkje)">Cambridge University Press</a>. s. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AEffektiv+temperatur&rft.aufirst=Erika&rft.aulast=B%C3%B6hm-Vitense&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Stellar+Astrophysics%2C+Volume+3%2C+Stellar+structure+and+evolution&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBaschek" class="citation">Baschek, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991A%26A...246..374B"><i>The parameters R and Teff in stellar models and observations</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AEffektiv+temperatur&rft.au=Baschek&rft.btitle=The+parameters+R+and+Teff+in+stellar+models+and+observations&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1991A%2526A...246..374B&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">«Section 14: Geophysics, Astronomy, and Acoustics». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511235825/http://www.scenta.co.uk/tcaep/nonxml/science/constant/details/effectivetempofsun.htm"><i>Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a> (88 utg.). <a href="/w/index.php?title=CRC_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CRC Press (sida finst ikkje)">CRC Press</a>. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scenta.co.uk/tcaep/nonxml/science/constant/details/effectivetempofsun.htm">originalen</a> 11. mai 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 3. februar 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AEffektiv+temperatur&rft.atitle=Section+14%3A+Geophysics%2C+Astronomy%2C+and+Acoustics&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.edition=88&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scenta.co.uk%2Ftcaep%2Fnonxml%2Fscience%2Fconstant%2Fdetails%2Feffectivetempofsun.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jones, Barrie William (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=MmsWioMDiN8C&pg=PA7&dq=%22effective+temperature+of+the+sun%22&lr=&ei=inm8R4vBHYTIyASunImbBQ&sig=U7l2pgwQIqlkMuLIWg1HuTW5AxA"><i>Life in the Solar System and Beyond</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springer Science+Business Media (sida finst ikkje)">Springer</a>. s. 7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/1852331011" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/1852331011">1852331011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AEffektiv+temperatur&rft.aufirst=Barrie+William&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.btitle=Life+in+the+Solar+System+and+Beyond&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1852331011&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMmsWioMDiN8C%26pg%3DPA7%26dq%3D%2522effective%2Btemperature%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bsun%2522%26lr%3D%26ei%3Dinm8R4vBHYTIyASunImbBQ%26sig%3DU7l2pgwQIqlkMuLIWg1HuTW5AxA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Effektiv_temperatur&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Effektiv_temperatur&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006astro.ph..8504C">Effektiv temperaturskala for solliknande stjerner</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/05SprgClass/geo116/8-1.pdf">Overflatetemperaturen til planetar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060906083917/http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/05SprgClass/geo116/8-1.pdf">Arkivert</a> 2006-09-06 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.indiana.edu/~gsimonel/temperature1.html">Planettemperaturkalkulator</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127093826/http://www.astro.indiana.edu/~gsimonel/temperature1.html">Arkivert</a> 2012-11-27 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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