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Bernhard Studer (painter) - Wikipedia

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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Studer-Hintersee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Studer-Hintersee.png/325px-Studer-Hintersee.png" decoding="async" width="325" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Studer-Hintersee.png 1.5x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>Evening Landscape on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hintersee_(Ramsauer_Ache)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hintersee (Ramsauer Ache) (page does not exist)">Hintersee</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hintersee_(Ramsauer_Ache)" class="extiw" title="de:Hintersee (Ramsauer Ache)">de</a>&#93;</span> with a View of the <a href="/wiki/Hoher_G%C3%B6ll" title="Hoher Göll">Hoher Göll</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Studer-Bechburg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Studer-Bechburg.png/325px-Studer-Bechburg.png" decoding="async" width="325" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Studer-Bechburg.png/488px-Studer-Bechburg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Studer-Bechburg.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Alt-Bechburg_Castle" title="Alt-Bechburg Castle">Alt-Bechburg Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bernhard Studer</b> (5 August 1832, <a href="/wiki/Gunzgen" title="Gunzgen">Gunzgen</a> - 22 April 1868, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>) was a Swiss landscape painter. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_Studer_(painter)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His father, Leonz, was a house painter.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the age of fourteen, he began to study drawing with a sculptor named Johann Georg Lüthy in <a href="/wiki/Olten" title="Olten">Olten</a>. After that, he returned to Solothurn and attended the drawing classes of <a href="/wiki/Gaudenz_Taverna" title="Gaudenz Taverna">Gaudenz Taverna</a>. In 1850, following the advice of his teachers, he enrolled as a student at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts,_Munich" title="Academy of Fine Arts, Munich">Academy of Fine Arts, Munich</a>. He also found work in the studios of the landscape painter, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Millner" title="Carl Millner">Carl Millner</a>. After two years, financially difficulties compelled him to return home. </p><p>In 1853, with a student loan from the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Canton of Solothurn</a>, he was able to enroll at the <a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a>, where he was first exposed to the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf School">Düsseldorf School</a> of painting. He studied with <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Wiegmann" title="Rudolf Wiegmann">Rudolf Wiegmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer" title="Johann Wilhelm Schirmer">Johann Wilhelm Schirmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Hans Gude</a>, all noted landscape painters. While there, he became a member of <a href="/wiki/Malkasten" title="Malkasten">Malkasten</a>, an artists' association. He remained at the Akademie until 1856, when he was dismissed for having an "unordentlichen Lebens" (disorderly, or unorthodox, life). </p><p>That same year, he went with his teacher, Schirmer, to the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts,_Karlsruhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe">Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe</a>. During these times, he continued to exhibit in Switzerland and received a silver medal in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> in 1857. He returned to Munich in 1865 and died there three years later, from what was officially ruled a "progressive lung disease". </p><p>He is mentioned in a biographical novel, "Hans Marbot", written by <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Friedrich_Baumann" title="Erwin Friedrich Baumann">Erwin Friedrich Baumann</a>. This book traces the life of Baumann's father <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Baumann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Baumann (page does not exist)">Friedrich Baumann</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Baumann_(Baumeister)" class="extiw" title="de:Friedrich Baumann (Baumeister)">de</a>&#93;</span>, a close friend of Studer's who was the subject of his only known portrait painting. </p><p>Many of his works are in private collections and an effort is underway to create a <a href="/wiki/Catalog_raisonn%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalog raisonné">catalog raisonné</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_Studer_(painter)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00004661/images/index.html?id=00004661&amp;fip=217.237.113.238&amp;no=&amp;seite=87">Matrikelbuch der Akademie der bildenden Künste in München</a> auf digitale-sammlungen.de, retrieved 3 July 2012</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_Studer_(painter)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <i>Bernhard Studer</i>. In: <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Thieme" title="Ulrich Thieme">Ulrich Thieme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Becker_(art_historian)" title="Felix Becker (art historian)">Felix Becker</a> (editors): <i><a href="/wiki/Thieme-Becker" title="Thieme-Becker">Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart</a></i>. Band 32, E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1938, S.&#160;234.</li> <li>Jules Pfluger: <i>Bernhard Studer der vergessene Maler aus Gunzgen.</i> Olten (Schweiz) 1983.</li> <li>Markus Husy, Dieter Albert: "Bernhard Studer (1832–1868). Der 'fast' vergessene Maler aus Gunzgen". In: <i>Jahrbuch für solothurnische Geschichte</i>, 80/2007, pgs.311–331, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=jsg-003:2007:80::335#336">Online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_Studer_(painter)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bernhard_Studer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bernhard Studer">Bernhard Studer</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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.cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikart.ch/KuenstlerInnen.aspx?id=11972356&amp;lng=en">"Bernhard Studer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SIKART" title="SIKART">SIKART</a> Lexicon on art in Switzerland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=SIKART+Lexicon+on+art+in+Switzerland&amp;rft.atitle=Bernhard+Studer&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikart.ch%2FKuenstlerInnen.aspx%3Fid%3D11972356%26lng%3Den&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernhard+Studer+%28painter%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Bernhard Studer (painter)</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D49241.php"><span title="Bernhard Studer (painter) in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F49241.php"><span title="Bernhard Studer (painter) in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I49241.php"><span title="Bernhard Studer (painter) in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artnet.com/artists/bernhard-studer/">More works by Studer</a> @ ArtNet</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Arbo">Peter Nicolai Arbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Asher" title="Louis Asher">Louis Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Askevold" title="Anders Askevold">Anders Askevold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Bartels" title="Hans von Bartels">Hans von Bartels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holbrook_Beard" title="William Holbrook Beard">William Holbrook Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Becker_(painter)" title="August Becker (painter)">August Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Becker" title="Jakob Becker">Jakob Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Berg_(painter)" title="Gunnar Berg (painter)">Gunnar Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bergh" title="Edward Bergh">Edward Bergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludolph_Berkemeier" title="Ludolph Berkemeier">Ludolph Berkemeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Beyer" title="Edward Beyer">Edward Beyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham" title="George Caleb Bingham">George Caleb Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Bleibtreu" title="Georg Bleibtreu">Georg Bleibtreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_B%C3%B6cklin" title="Arnold Böcklin">Arnold Böcklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Boser" title="Friedrich Boser">Friedrich Boser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_B%C3%BCtler" title="Anton Bütler">Anton Bütler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Niklaus_B%C3%BCtler" title="Joseph Niklaus Bütler">Joseph Niklaus Bütler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Calame" title="Alexandre Calame">Alexandre Calame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Camphausen" title="Wilhelm Camphausen">Wilhelm Camphausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Cappelen" title="August Cappelen">August Cappelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Cederstr%C3%B6m" title="Gustaf Cederström">Gustaf Cederström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Churberg" title="Fanny Churberg">Fanny Churberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Cordes" title="Johann Wilhelm Cordes">Johann Wilhelm Cordes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_des_Coudres" title="Ludwig des Coudres">Ludwig des Coudres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Crofts" title="Ernest Crofts">Ernest Crofts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Edward_Cronin" title="David Edward Cronin">David Edward Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dahl" title="Hans Dahl">Hans Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Deger" title="Ernst Deger">Ernst Deger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_D%C3%BCcker" title="Eugen Dücker">Eugen Dücker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Fagerlin" title="Ferdinand Fagerlin">Ferdinand Fagerlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Geertz" title="Julius Geertz">Julius Geertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Hans Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Hertervig" title="Lars Hertervig">Lars Hertervig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Larson" title="Marcus Larson">Marcus Larson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Lessing" title="Karl Friedrich Lessing">Karl Friedrich Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascan_Lutteroth" title="Ascan Lutteroth">Ascan Lutteroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Meuron" title="Albert de Meuron">Albert de Meuron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCcke" title="Heinrich Mücke">Heinrich Mücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Nordenberg" title="Bengt Nordenberg">Bengt Nordenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorine_Nordenswan" title="Victorine Nordenswan">Victorine Nordenswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Nordgren" title="Axel Nordgren">Axel Nordgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofie_Ribbing" title="Sofie Ribbing">Sofie Ribbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Ritz" title="Raphael Ritz">Raphael Ritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Schadow" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow">Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Scheuren" title="Caspar Scheuren">Caspar Scheuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Schirmer" title="Johann Wilhelm Schirmer">Johann Wilhelm Schirmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Schr%C3%B6dter" title="Adolf Schrödter">Adolf Schrödter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Sch%C3%BCz" title="Theodor Schüz">Theodor Schüz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn" title="Karl Ferdinand Sohn">Karl Ferdinand Sohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Steinbr%C3%BCck" title="Eduard Steinbrück">Eduard Steinbrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermine_Stilke" title="Hermine Stilke">Hermine Stilke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bernhard Studer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdzis%C5%82aw_Suchodolski" title="Zdzisław Suchodolski">Zdzisław Suchodolski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Adolph Tidemand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_d%27Unker" title="Carl d&#39;Unker">Carl d'Unker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_von_Wille" title="Clara von Wille">Clara von Wille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_von_Wille" title="Fritz von Wille">Fritz von Wille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilian_Zoll" title="Kilian Zoll">Kilian Zoll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682688#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682688#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682688#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316389190">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1072159732">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikart.ch/KuenstlerInnen.aspx?id=11972356&amp;lng=en">SIKART</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1072159732.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/049241">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c59558b9d‐8tc99 Cached time: 20241129043516 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.501 seconds Real time usage: 0.618 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 946/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27238/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 932/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19978/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.347/10.000 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