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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89)" title="مقدمة (موسيقى) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقدمة (موسيقى)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludiu" title="Preludiu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Preludiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4" title="Прелюд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прелюд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludi_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Preludi (música) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Preludi (música)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludium" title="Preludium – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Preludium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6ludium" title="Præludium – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præludium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4ludium" title="Präludium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präludium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prel%C3%BC%C3%BCd" title="Prelüüd – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prelüüd" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πρελούδιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρελούδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude_(music)" title="Prelude (music) – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Prelude (music)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludio" title="Preludio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Preludio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludo" title="Preludo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Preludo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludio" title="Preludio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Preludio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF" title="پرلود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرلود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9lude" title="Prélude – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prélude" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%A3%BC%EA%B3%A1" title="전주곡 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전주곡" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4" title="Պրելյուդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պրելյուդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludio" title="Preludio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Preludio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93" title="פרלוד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרלוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praeludium" title="Praeludium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Praeludium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prel%C5%ABdija" title="Prelūdija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prelūdija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prel%C3%BAdium_(zene)" title="Prelúdium (zene) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Prelúdium (zene)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude_(klassieke_muziek)" title="Prelude (klassieke muziek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Prelude (klassieke muziek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%A5%8F%E6%9B%B2" title="前奏曲 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="前奏曲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludium" title="Preludium – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Preludium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludium" title="Preludium – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Preludium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelyudiya" title="Prelyudiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Prelyudiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludium_(muzyka)" title="Preludium (muzyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Preludium (muzyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prel%C3%BAdio" title="Prelúdio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prelúdio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludiu_(muzic%C4%83)" title="Preludiu (muzică) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Preludiu (muzică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Прелюдия (музыка) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прелюдия (музыка)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prel%C3%BAdium_(hudba)" title="Prelúdium (hudba) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prelúdium (hudba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="پرێلوود – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پرێلوود" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Прелид (музика) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прелид (музика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludi" title="Preludi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Preludi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludium" title="Preludium – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Preludium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Прелюдия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Прелюдия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prel%C3%BCd" title="Prelüd – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Prelüd" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Прелюдія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прелюдія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude" title="Prelude – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Prelude" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%A5%8F%E6%9B%B2" title="前奏曲 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="前奏曲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212148#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>A <b>prelude</b> is a short piece of music for a <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instrument</a>. It is called a prelude because it is supposed to be played before something else (Latin <i>pre</i>=before; <i>ludere</i>=to play). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prelude&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prelude&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Preludes come from the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance period</a>, when lutenists (people who played the <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a>) <a href="/wiki/Improvisation" title="Improvisation">improvised</a> (which means playing while making it up as they were going along) a simple piece before a <a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">concert</a> so that they could check whether their <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">instrument</a> was <a href="/wiki/Intonation" class="mw-disambig" title="Intonation">in tune</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composers</a> often wrote pieces which they called a “prelude” which was often a separate piece of music. These were often for lute, <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cittern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cittern (not yet started)">cittern</a>. </p><p>By the early <a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque</a> prelude was often a piece of music which was followed by a <a href="/wiki/Fugue" title="Fugue">fugue</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> wrote lots of pieces like this, which were called “Preludes and Fugues”. Most of them were for <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboard instruments</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a> or <a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">organ</a>. Forty-eight of them are from a collection called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Well-Tempered_Clavier" title="The Well-Tempered Clavier">The Well-Tempered Clavier</a></i>, which was made up of two sets of twenty-four preludes and fugues that are each written in a different <a href="/wiki/Major_scale" title="Major scale">major</a> or <a href="/wiki/Minor_scale" title="Minor scale">minor</a> <a href="/wiki/Key_signature" title="Key signature">key signature</a>. The first prelude, in <a href="/wiki/C_major" title="C major">C major</a>, is very famous. It sounds like an improvisation made up of gentle <a href="/wiki/Broken_chord" class="mw-redirect" title="Broken chord">broken chords</a> like a lutenist might play. (This is the piece that <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gounod" title="Charles Gounod">Charles Gounod</a> later used for his <i><a href="/wiki/Ave_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ave Maria">Ave Maria</a></i>.) Preludes were also pieces which were followed by a series of <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a> movements (a “<a href="/wiki/Suite_(music)" title="Suite (music)">suite</a>”). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Classical_music_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical music period">Classical period</a>, not many composers wrote preludes. More preludes were composed in the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> (the period of <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romanticism</a>). <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a> wrote a collection of twenty-four short <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> pieces which he called “<a href="/wiki/Preludes_(Chopin)" title="Preludes (Chopin)">Preludes</a>”. Just like Bach's <i>Well-Tempered Clavier</i>, there is a prelude in every major and minor key signature, but unlike Bach's, these pieces are not meant to be followed by anything; they are just separate pieces of music that are often performed together. Some are not too difficult to play, but others are very hard (<a href="/wiki/Virtuoso" title="Virtuoso">virtuoso</a>). </p><p>Composers like <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Alexander Scriabin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Karol Szymanowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a> wrote preludes in the style of Chopin. Other composers who wrote preludes included <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Max_Reger" title="Max Reger">Max Reger</a>. There were also composers who were inspired by the music of Bach and started writing Preludes and Fugues, such as <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Dmitri Shostakovich</a>, whose collection of Preludes and Fugues for piano are, just like Bach and Chopin's, written in all the major and minor keys. </p><p>There are also examples of 19th century composers who wrote short pieces for orchestra called “Preludes”. Sometimes, they wrote a short orchestral introduction to an <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> which they called Prelude (or German: “Vorspiel”) instead of the usual word “<a href="/wiki/Overture" title="Overture">overture</a>”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prelude&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prelude&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preludes_(Chopin)" title="Preludes (Chopin)">Preludes (Chopin)</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prelude&oldid=7415089">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prelude&oldid=7415089</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Musical_forms" title="Category:Musical forms">Musical forms</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 7 March 2021, at 22:12.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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