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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hundred_Years'_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hundred_Years'_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hundred Years' War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hundred_Years'_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Postwar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Castle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Castle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Castle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Castle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbeys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbeys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Abbeys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbeys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_transport_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_transport_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Urban transport network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_transport_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Air transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Water transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Road transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Music and theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Public service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>The Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Science and business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Symbols subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Motto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Caen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%95" title="ካየን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካየን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%B0um" title="Caðum – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Caðum" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A)" title="كان (نورماندي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كان (نورماندي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="کان (فرانسه) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کان (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%81" title="কঁ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Кан (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кан (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кан (Нормандия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кан (Нормандия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8)" title="Кан (Норманди) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кан (Норманди)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%AD%CE%BD" title="Καέν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καέν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="کان (فرانسه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کان (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%89" title="캉 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캉" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Կան (Ֆրանսիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կան (Ֆրանսիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8)" title="Кан (Норманди) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кан (Норманди)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9F_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="קן (עיר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קן (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="კანი (ნორმანდია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კანი (ნორმანდია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81)" title="Кан (Кальвадос) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кан (Кальвадос)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadomum" title="Cadomum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cadomum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81na" title="Kāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanas_(Pranc%C5%ABzija)" title="Kanas (Prancūzija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kanas (Prancūzija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Кан (Нормандија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кан (Нормандија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="कां – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कां" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كاين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="کان (فرانسه) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کان (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="カーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8)" title="Кан (НогӀманди) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кан (НогӀманди)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%ABn" title="Caën – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Caën" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can_(vila)" title="Can (vila) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Can (vila)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan" title="Kan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%AD%CE%BD" title="Καέν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Καέν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кан (Нормандия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кан (Нормандия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81)" title="Кан (Калвадос) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кан (Калвадос)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Кан (шәһәр) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кан (шәһәр)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ก็อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ก็อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81)" title="Кан (Кальвадос) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кан (Кальвадос)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%BA_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="کاں (فرانس) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاں (فرانس)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%98%82" title="卡昂 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡昂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%98%82" title="卡昂 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡昂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen" title="Caen – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Caen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%98%82" title="卡昂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡昂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Caen&params=49_10_53_N_00_21_49_W_type:city(108200)_region:FR-NOR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°10′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">00°21′49″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.18139°N 0.36361°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.18139; -0.36361</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Normandy, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Caen</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"><span title="Norman-language text"><i lang="nrf">Kaem</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#FFF;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:280px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mairie_de_Caen_7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mairie_de_Caen_7.JPG/280px-Mairie_de_Caen_7.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mairie_de_Caen_7.JPG/420px-Mairie_de_Caen_7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mairie_de_Caen_7.JPG/560px-Mairie_de_Caen_7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="1912" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Caen_Trinite_c.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/France_Caen_Trinite_c.JPG/139px-France_Caen_Trinite_c.JPG" decoding="async" width="139" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/France_Caen_Trinite_c.JPG/209px-France_Caen_Trinite_c.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/France_Caen_Trinite_c.JPG/278px-France_Caen_Trinite_c.JPG 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1289" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caen,_%C3%89glise_Saint-Pierre_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Caen%2C_%C3%89glise_Saint-Pierre_01.JPG/139px-Caen%2C_%C3%89glise_Saint-Pierre_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="139" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Caen%2C_%C3%89glise_Saint-Pierre_01.JPG/209px-Caen%2C_%C3%89glise_Saint-Pierre_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Caen%2C_%C3%89glise_Saint-Pierre_01.JPG/278px-Caen%2C_%C3%89glise_Saint-Pierre_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rue_Froide_de_Caen_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rue_Froide_de_Caen_2017.jpg/280px-Rue_Froide_de_Caen_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rue_Froide_de_Caen_2017.jpg/420px-Rue_Froide_de_Caen_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rue_Froide_de_Caen_2017.jpg/560px-Rue_Froide_de_Caen_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">View of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Caen" title="Hôtel de Ville, Caen">Hôtel de Ville</a> (left) and the Abbaye aux Hommes (right); The Abbaye aux Dames; Saint-Pierre Church; Rue Froide in the old town</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Caen_(Calvados)2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Caen"><img alt="Coat of arms of Caen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg/73px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg/109px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg/145px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%292.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Caen</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_13da332c65f768efb82eebe89bd6eac05237d6e2"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Caen&revid=1254159732&groups=_13da332c65f768efb82eebe89bd6eac05237d6e2" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Caen&revid=1254159732&groups=_13da332c65f768efb82eebe89bd6eac05237d6e2 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caen is located in France"><img alt="Caen is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.082%;left:34.408%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Caen"><img alt="Caen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Caen</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Normandie_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caen is located in Normandy"><img alt="Caen is located in Normandy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Normandie_region_location_map.svg/270px-Normandie_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Normandie_region_location_map.svg/405px-Normandie_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Normandie_region_location_map.svg/540px-Normandie_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2094" data-file-height="1574" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.199%;left:43.373%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Caen"><img alt="Caen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Caen</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Normandy</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Caen&params=49_10_53_N_00_21_49_W_type:city(108200)_region:FR-NOR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°10′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">00°21′49″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.18139°N 0.36361°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.18139; -0.36361</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Caen" title="Arrondissement of Caen">Caen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Caen-1" title="Canton of Caen-1">Caen-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Caen-2" title="Canton of Caen-2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Caen-3" title="Canton of Caen-3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Caen-4" title="Canton of Caen-4">4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Caen-5" title="Canton of Caen-5">5</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_urbaine_Caen_la_Mer" title="Communauté urbaine Caen la Mer">Caen la Mer</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2024–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristide_Olivier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristide Olivier (page does not exist)">Aristide Olivier</a><sup id="cite_ref-mayor_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">25.70 km<sup>2</sup> (9.92 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">173.6 km<sup>2</sup> (67.0 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,597 km<sup>2</sup> (1,003 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">108,200</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,200/km<sup>2</sup> (11,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<sup id="cite_ref-compar_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">205,708</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200/km<sup>2</sup> (3,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<sup id="cite_ref-compar_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">469,526</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">180/km<sup>2</sup> (470/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Caennais</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-14118">14118</a> /14000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">2–73 m (6.6–239.5 ft) <br />(avg. 8 m or 26 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caen.fr/">caen.fr</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Caen</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɒ̃/: nasal 'an' in 'vin blanc'">ɒ̃</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kɑ̃]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/eb\/Fr-Caen.ogg\/Fr-Caen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-Caen.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Fr-Caen.ogg/Fr-Caen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-Caen.ogg" title="File:Fr-Caen.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a>: <i lang="nrf">Kaem</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> 15 km (9.3 mi) inland from the northwestern coast of France. It is the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a>. The city proper has 105,512 inhabitants (as of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>), while its <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">functional urban area</a> has 470,000,<sup id="cite_ref-compar_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making Caen the second largest urban area in <a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a> and the 19th largest in France.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the third largest commune in all of Normandy after <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is located 200 km (120 mi) northwest of Paris, connected to the South of England by the Caen (<a href="/wiki/Ouistreham" title="Ouistreham">Ouistreham</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> ferry route through the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. Situated a few miles from the coast, the landing beaches, the bustling resorts of <a href="/wiki/Deauville" title="Deauville">Deauville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabourg" title="Cabourg">Cabourg</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Norman_Switzerland" title="Norman Switzerland">Norman Switzerland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pays_d%27Auge" title="Pays d'Auge">Pays d'Auge</a>, Caen is often considered the archetype of Normandy. </p><p>Caen is known for its historical buildings built during the reign of <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of England">William the Conqueror</a>, who was buried there, and for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Caen" title="Battle for Caen">Battle for Caen</a>, heavy fighting that took place in and around Caen during the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">Battle of Normandy</a> in 1944, destroying much of the city. The city has now preserved the memory by erecting a memorial and a museum dedicated to peace, the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_de_Caen" title="Mémorial de Caen">Mémorial de Caen</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first references to the name of Caen are found in different acts of the dukes of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a>: <i>Cadon</i> 1021/1025,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Cadumus</i> 1025,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Cathim</i> 1026/1027.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Year 1070 of the Parker manuscript<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i> refers to Caen as <i>Kadum</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and year 1086 of the Laud manuscript<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gives the name as <i>Caþum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite a lack of sources as to the origin of the settlements, the name Caen would seem to be of <a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a> origin, from the words <i>catu-</i>, referring to military activities and <i>magos</i>, field, hence meaning "manoeuvre field" or "battlefield".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Layamon" title="Layamon">Layamon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Layamon%27s_Brut" title="Layamon's Brut"><i>Brut</i></a>, the poet asserts that <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> named the city in memory of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Sir Kay</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the <a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_King_Arthur" title="Historicity of King Arthur">historicity of King Arthur</a> is widely doubted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Caen" title="Timeline of Caen">Timeline of Caen</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Normandy" title="History of Normandy">History of Normandy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Caen" title="Special:EditPage/Caen">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Caen was known in Roman times as 'Catumagos', from the Gaulish roots <i>magos</i> meaning 'field' and <i>catu</i> meaning 'combat'. It remained a minor settlement throughout the Roman period and began to see major development commence in the 10th century, under the patronage of the Dukes of Normandy. Around 1060, <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> began construction of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Caen" title="Château de Caen">Château de Caen</a>, which became the centre of the ducal court. Duchess <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Flanders" title="Matilda of Flanders">Matilda of Flanders</a> also founded the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Sainte-Trinit%C3%A9,_Caen" title="Abbey of Sainte-Trinité, Caen">Abbey of Sainte-Trinité, Caen</a> around the same time, eventually being buried in the abbey. Caen succeeded <a href="/wiki/Bayeux" title="Bayeux">Bayeux</a> as the capital of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Normandy" title="Lower Normandy">Lower Normandy</a>, complementing the second ducal capital of <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>. </p><p>Caen fell to <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II of France</a> on 21 May 1204, and was incorporated along with the remainder of Normandy into the Kingdom of France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hundred_Years'_War"><span id="Hundred_Years.27_War"></span>Hundred Years' War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hundred Years' War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caen_(1346)" title="Battle of Caen (1346)">Battle of Caen (1346)</a></div> <p>In 1346, King <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a> led his army against the city, hoping to loot it. It was expected that a siege of perhaps several weeks would be required, but the army took the city in less than a day, on 26 July 1346, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caen_(1346)" title="Battle of Caen (1346)">storming and sacking it</a>, killing 3,000 of its citizens, and burning much of the merchants' quarter on the Île St-Jean. Only the castle of Caen held out, despite attempts to besiege it. A few days later, the English left, marching to the east and on to their victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy" title="Battle of Crécy">Battle of Crécy</a>. It was later <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caen_(1417)" title="Siege of Caen (1417)">captured following a siege</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a> in 1417 and treated harshly for being the first town to put up any resistance to his invasion. In 1450 towards the end of the war, French forces <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caen_(1450)" title="Siege of Caen (1450)">recaptured Caen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Caen" title="Battle for Caen">Battle for Caen</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_bulldozer_in_Caen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Canadian_bulldozer_in_Caen.jpg/220px-Canadian_bulldozer_in_Caen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Canadian_bulldozer_in_Caen.jpg/330px-Canadian_bulldozer_in_Caen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Canadian_bulldozer_in_Caen.jpg/440px-Canadian_bulldozer_in_Caen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3867" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a> bulldozer in Caen, 1944. The towers of the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint-%C3%89tienne,_Caen" title="Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen">Abbaye aux Hommes</a> are behind.</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Caen was captured by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> forces during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> in 1940 and placed under <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">military occupation</a>. In 1944, <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> forces launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a>, invading German-occupied France and rapidly advancing through <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>. From 6 June to 6 August 1944, the British <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Second Army (United Kingdom)">Second Army</a> fought the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caen" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Caen">battle of Caen</a> to dislodge German forces from the city. During the battle, Allied bombing raids heavily damaged the city and caused numerous French civilian casualties. After the battle, little of prewar Caen remained, and reconstruction efforts in the city continued until 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar">Postwar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postwar work included the reconstruction of complete districts of the city and the university campus. It took 14 years (1948–1962) and led to the current urbanization of Caen. Having lost many of its historic quarters and its university campus in the war, Caen does not have the atmosphere of a traditional Norman town such as <a href="/wiki/Honfleur" title="Honfleur">Honfleur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabourg" title="Cabourg">Cabourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deauville" title="Deauville">Deauville</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bayeux" title="Bayeux">Bayeux</a>. </p><p>The Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit filmed the D-Day offensive and Orne breakout several weeks later. It returned several months later to document the city's recovery efforts. The resulting film, <i>You Can't Kill a City</i>, is preserved in the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archives of Canada">National Archives of Canada</a>. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caen is in an area of high humidity. The river <a href="/wiki/Orne_(river)" title="Orne (river)">Orne</a> flows through the city, as well as small rivers known as <i>les Odons</i>, most of which have been buried under the city to improve urban hygiene. Caen has a large flood zone, named "La prairie", located around the hippodrome, not far from the river Orne, which is regularly submerged.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caen is 10 km (6.2 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">Channel</a>. A canal (<a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Caen_%C3%A0_la_Mer" title="Canal de Caen à la Mer">Canal de Caen à la Mer</a>) parallel to the Orne was built during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon III of France">Napoleon III</a> to link the city to the sea at all times. The canal reaches the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ouistreham" title="Ouistreham">Ouistreham</a>. A lock keeps the tide out of the canal and lets large ships navigate up the canal to Caen's freshwater harbours. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caen has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> that is somewhat ameliorated due to its slightly inland position. In spite of this, summers are still cool by French standards and the climate is typically maritime in terms of high precipitation, relatively modest sunshine hours and mild winters. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:80%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Caen (<a href="/wiki/Caen_%E2%80%93_Carpiquet_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Caen – Carpiquet Airport">CFR</a>), elevation: 67 m (220 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1945–present, humidity 1961–1990 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.1<br />(104.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.1<br />(104.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1<br />(22.8) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8<br />(25.2) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−6.7<br />(19.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.6<br />(−3.3) </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.5<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.4<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.7<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.8<br />(19.8) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.0<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−19.6<br />(−3.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.1<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.8<br />(2.08) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.7<br />(1.96) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4<br />(2.10) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.4<br />(2.34) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.0<br />(2.28) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.1<br />(2.01) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.6<br />(2.35) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3<br />(2.14) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.9<br />(3.11) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7<br />(3.10) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.3<br />(3.20) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">740.3<br />(29.15) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">126.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">83 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #808080; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.5 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.2 </td> <td style="background: #BABA44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.1 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.4 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">212.6 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218.5 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.8 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.9 </td> <td style="background: #B5B567; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.1 </td> <td style="background: #9A9A9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.9 </td> <td style="background: #7A7A7A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.2 </td> <td style="background: #C3C312; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,746.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Météo France">Météo France</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Meteociel(sun)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infoclimat.fr (relative humidity 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-Infoclimat_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (mean max/min)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NOAA(snowy days 1961-1990)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Caen proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Caen absorbed the former commune of <a href="/wiki/Venoix" title="Venoix">Venoix</a> in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">34,805</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,923</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">36,231</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">36,644</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">39,140</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,310</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">43,079</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.84%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">44,087</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,280</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">41,394</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">43,740</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,564</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,210</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,181</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">41,508</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">43,809</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,201</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.63%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,380</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.08%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">44,794</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">44,442</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">46,934</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">53,743</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">54,128</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">57,528</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">61,334</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.29%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">51,445</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">67,851</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.52%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">91,336</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">110,262</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">119,640</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">114,068</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">112,846</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">113,987</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">109,630</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">108,365</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">105,354</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.56%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968-2017)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Castle">Castle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Castle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The castle, <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Caen" title="Château de Caen">Château de Caen</a></i>, built <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1060</span> by William the Conqueror, who successfully <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Conquest of England">conquered England</a> in 1066, is one of the largest medieval fortresses of Western Europe. It remained an essential feature of <a href="/wiki/Norman_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman dynasty">Norman</a> strategy and policy. At Christmas 1182, a <a href="/wiki/Royal_court" title="Royal court">royal court</a> celebration for Christmas in the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/aula" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/aula">aula</a> of Caen Castle brought together <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a> and his sons, <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard the Lionheart</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">John Lackland</a>, receiving more than a thousand knights. Caen Castle, along with all of Normandy, was handed over to the French Crown in 1204. The castle saw several engagements during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> (1346, 1417, 1450) and was in use as a barracks as late as the Second World War. Bullet holes are visible on the walls of the castle where members of the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> were shot during the Second World War. Today, the castle serves as a museum that houses the <i>Musée des Beaux-Arts de Caen</i> (Museum of <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">Fine Arts</a> of Caen) and <i>Musée de Normandie</i> (Museum of Normandy) along with many periodical exhibitions about arts and history. (See <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060213224638/http://www.ville-caen.fr/mdn/RedecouvChateau/chronoGB.htm">"Timeline of Caen Castle"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-caen.fr/mdn/RedecouvChateau/chronoGB.htm">the original</a> on 13 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline+of+Caen+Castle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ville-caen.fr%2Fmdn%2FRedecouvChateau%2FchronoGB.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbeys">Abbeys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Abbeys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In repentance for marrying his cousin <a href="/wiki/Mathilda_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathilda of Flanders">Mathilda of Flanders</a>, William ordered two <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">abbeys</a> to be built on the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>'s encouragement: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint-%C3%89tienne,_Caen" title="Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen">Église St.-Étienne</a>, formerly the <i>Abbaye aux Hommes</i> (Men's Abbey). It was completed in 1063 and is dedicated to <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen" class="mw-redirect" title="St Stephen">St Stephen</a>. The current <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Caen" title="Hôtel de Ville, Caen">Hôtel de Ville</a> (City Hall) of Caen is built onto the South <a href="/wiki/Transept" title="Transept">Transept</a> of the building.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Sainte-Trinit%C3%A9,_Caen" title="Abbey of Sainte-Trinité, Caen"><i>Église de la Ste.-Trinité</i></a>, formerly the <i>Abbaye aux Dames</i> (Women's Abbey). It was completed in 1060 and is dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a>. The current seat of the regional council (<i><a href="/wiki/Conseil_r%C3%A9gional" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil régional">conseil régional</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Basse-Normandie" class="mw-redirect" title="Basse-Normandie">Basse-Normandie</a> is nearby.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_botanique_de_Caen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jardin botanique de Caen">Jardin botanique de Caen</a>, a historic <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint-Pierre,_Caen" title="Church of Saint-Pierre, Caen">Church of Saint-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint-%C3%89tienne-le-Vieux" title="Church of Saint-Étienne-le-Vieux">Church of Saint-Étienne-le-Vieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint-Jean_de_Caen" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint-Jean de Caen">Church of Saint-Jean de Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_de_Caen" title="Mémorial de Caen"><i>Mémorial pour la Paix</i></a> ("Memorial for Peace") built in 1988, a museum charting the events leading up to and after <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a>. It is an emotional presentation inviting meditation on the thought of <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a>: "Peace is not a gift from God to man, but a gift from man to himself". The Memorial for Peace also includes an exhibit of <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> winners and another one on <a href="/wiki/Conflict_resolution" title="Conflict resolution">Conflict Resolution</a> in different cultures.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Festyland" title="Parc Festyland">Parc Festyland</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement park</a> to the west of Caen in the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Carpiquet" title="Carpiquet">Carpiquet</a>. The park receives 110,000 visitors every year.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondeville_2" title="Mondeville 2">Mondeville 2</a> is a regional shopping centre in adjoining <a href="/wiki/Mondeville,_Calvados" title="Mondeville, Calvados">Mondeville</a>.</li> <li>Medieval wooden houses<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colline_aux_Oiseaux" class="extiw" title="fr:Colline aux Oiseaux">Colline aux Oiseaux</a>, a floral parc located on the former dump of the city of Caen<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_de_Caen.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Armoiries_de_Caen.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption>The coat of arms of Caen</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Caen" title="List of mayors of Caen">Mayors of Caen</a> have included: </p> <ul><li>1945–1959: <a href="/wiki/Yves_Guillou" title="Yves Guillou">Yves Guillou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_French_People" title="Rally of the French People">Rally of the French People</a></li> <li>1959–1970: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Louvel" title="Jean-Marie Louvel">Jean-Marie Louvel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">MRP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Centre_(France)" title="Democratic Centre (France)">Centre Démocrate</a></li> <li>1970–2001: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Girault" title="Jean-Marie Girault">Jean-Marie Girault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(France)" title="Republican Party (France)">Republican Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">UDF</a></li> <li>2001–2008: <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Le_Brethon" title="Brigitte Le Brethon">Brigitte Le Brethon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">RPR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a></li> <li>2008–2014: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Duron" title="Philippe Duron">Philippe Duron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a></li> <li>2014–2014: <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Bruneau" title="Joël Bruneau">Joël Bruneau</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a></li> <li>2024–present: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristide_Olivier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristide Olivier (page does not exist)">Aristide Olivier</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a></li></ul> <p>Joël Bruneau was re-elected mayor in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Caen_municipal_election" title="2020 Caen municipal election">2020 municipal elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mayor_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952, the small commune of <a href="/wiki/Venoix" title="Venoix">Venoix</a> became part of Caen.<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, the agglomeration of Caen was organized into a district, transformed in 2002 into a <i><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration" class="mw-redirect" title="Communauté d'agglomération">Communauté d'agglomération</a></i> (<i>Grand Caen</i> (Greater Caen), renamed <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_Caen_la_Mer" class="mw-redirect" title="Communauté d'agglomération Caen la Mer">Caen la Mer</a> in 2004), gathers 29 towns and villages, including <a href="/wiki/Villons-les-Buissons" title="Villons-les-Buissons">Villons-les-Buissons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lion-sur-Mer" title="Lion-sur-Mer">Lion-sur-Mer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermanville-sur-Mer" title="Hermanville-sur-Mer">Hermanville-sur-Mer</a>, which joined the Communauté d'agglomération in 2004. The population of the "communauté d'agglomération" is around 220,000 inhabitants. </p><p>In the former administrative organisation, Caen was a part of 9 <a href="/wiki/Canton_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton in France">cantons</a>, of which it was the chief town. These cantons contained a total of 13 towns. Caen gave its name to a 10th canton, of which it was not part. Since the 2015 canton reorganization, Caen is part of the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Caen-1" title="Canton of Caen-1">Caen-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Caen-2" title="Canton of Caen-2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Caen-3" title="Canton of Caen-3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Caen-4" title="Canton of Caen-4">4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Caen-5" title="Canton of Caen-5">5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-decret_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decret-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Caen" title="Special:EditPage/Caen">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Caen%22">"Caen"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Caen%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Caen%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Caen%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Caen%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Caen%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Urban_transport_network">Urban transport network</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Urban transport network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramway_Caen_1008_et_1022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tramway_Caen_1008_et_1022.jpg/220px-Tramway_Caen_1008_et_1022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tramway_Caen_1008_et_1022.jpg/330px-Tramway_Caen_1008_et_1022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tramway_Caen_1008_et_1022.jpg/440px-Tramway_Caen_1008_et_1022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4043" data-file-height="2695" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caen_tramway" title="Caen tramway">The current Caen tramway</a> opened in 2019.</figcaption></figure> <p>Twisto is the urban transport network of Caen, including about sixty bus lines and 3 tramway lines.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Caen_tramway" title="Caen tramway">present tram network</a> officially opened on 27 July 2019 replacing the <a href="/wiki/Caen_Guided_Light_Transit" title="Caen Guided Light Transit">Caen Guided Light Transit</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr"><b>TVR de Caen</b></i> but known locally as the "tram"), a guided <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a> network which operated from 2002 to 2017, which was closed due to reliability issues. The city previously had <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Caen" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Caen">a tramway</a> which operated from 1860 to 1937. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gare_Caen_-_Caen_(FR14)_-_2021-11-11_-_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gare_Caen_-_Caen_%28FR14%29_-_2021-11-11_-_11.jpg/220px-Gare_Caen_-_Caen_%28FR14%29_-_2021-11-11_-_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gare_Caen_-_Caen_%28FR14%29_-_2021-11-11_-_11.jpg/330px-Gare_Caen_-_Caen_%28FR14%29_-_2021-11-11_-_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gare_Caen_-_Caen_%28FR14%29_-_2021-11-11_-_11.jpg/440px-Gare_Caen_-_Caen_%28FR14%29_-_2021-11-11_-_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caen_station" title="Caen station">Caen railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Caen also had several main and <a href="/wiki/Branch_line" title="Branch line">branch railway</a> lines linking <a href="/wiki/Caen_station" title="Caen station">Caen railway station</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr"><b>Gare de Caen</b></i>) to all parts of Normandy with lines to <a href="/wiki/Gare_St-Lazare" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare St-Lazare">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vire" title="Vire">Vire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flers,_Orne" title="Flers, Orne">Flers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabourg" title="Cabourg">Cabourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houlgate" title="Houlgate">Houlgate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deauville" title="Deauville">Deauville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayeux" title="Bayeux">Bayeux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg-Octeville" title="Cherbourg-Octeville">Cherbourg</a>. </p><p>Now the SNCF operates the Paris-Caen-Cherbourg, Caen-Rouen, Caen-<a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a>-Tours, Caen-<a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> services and some others small lines,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Railcoop will soon open new lines such as Lille-Amiens-Rouen-Caen-Rennes-Nantes and Paris-Caen-Brest making Caen railway station its north-western hub.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caen station is the second busiest in Normandy, after Rouen station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_transport">Air transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Air transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Caen_-_Carpiquet_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Caen - Carpiquet Airport">Caen - Carpiquet Airport</a> is the biggest airport in Normandy considering the number of passengers and flights that it serves every year. Most flights are operated by <a href="/wiki/HOP!" class="mw-redirect" title="HOP!">HOP!</a>, Volotea and the French <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">national airline</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> operates flights to the French cities of <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, Nice, Toulouse, Montpellier, Marseille, Biarritz, Ajaccio, Figari, Bastia and Calvi.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_transport">Water transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Water transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caen is served by the large port of <a href="/wiki/Ouistreham" title="Ouistreham">Ouistreham</a>, lying at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Caen_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Caen Canal">Caen Canal</a> where it meets the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. A cruise/ferry service operates between <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, England, and Caen/Ouistreham running both standard roll-on-roll-off car ferries and supercat fast ferries, with the latter making crossing from March to November. The ferry terminal is 15 km (9.3 mi) from Caen with a daytime shuttle bus service for foot passengers. There is also a cyclist road from Caen to Ouistreham.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_transport">Road transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Road transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caen is connected to the rest of France by <a href="/wiki/Autoroutes_of_France" title="Autoroutes of France">motorways</a> to Paris (<a href="/wiki/A13_autoroute" title="A13 autoroute">A13</a>), <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> and Southern France (<a href="/wiki/A84_autoroute" title="A84 autoroute">A84</a>) and to <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> and central France (<a href="/wiki/A88_autoroute" title="A88 autoroute">A88</a>–<a href="/wiki/A28_autoroute" title="A28 autoroute">A28</a>). The A13 and A88 are <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">toll roads</a> while the A84 is a toll-free motorway. The city is encircled by the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_(Caen)" title="Périphérique (Caen)">N814 ring-road</a> (Boulevard Périphérique) that was completed in the late 1990s. The <a href="/wiki/Route_nationale_13" title="Route nationale 13">N13</a> connects Caen to <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg-Octeville" title="Cherbourg-Octeville">Cherbourg</a> and to Paris. A section of the former N13 (Caen-Paris) is now D613 (in Calvados) following road renumbering. The Boulevard Périphérique includes a <a href="/wiki/Viaduct" title="Viaduct">viaduct</a> called the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viaduc_de_Calix" class="extiw" title="fr:Viaduc de Calix">Viaduc de Calix</a> that goes over the canal and <a href="/wiki/Orne_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Orne River">River Orne</a>. The canal links the city to the sea to permit <a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">cargo ships</a> and ferries to dock in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Caen" title="Port of Caen">port of Caen</a>. Ferries which have docked include the <i><a href="/wiki/MV_Quiberon" title="MV Quiberon">Quiberon</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/MV_Duc_de_Normandie" title="MV Duc de Normandie">Duc de Normandie</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Caen" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Caen">University of Caen</a> has around 34,000 students in five different campuses and Caen is ranked 18th biggest student city of France. The University has a good reputation as it is ranked 16th in France.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The University is divided into 11 colleges, called <i>UFR</i> (<i>Unité fondamentale de Recherche</i>), six institutes, one Engineering School, two IUP and five local campuses. The University is one of the oldest in France, having been founded by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford" title="John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford">John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a>, in 1432.</li> <li>Caen also has a school of fine arts <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_d%27arts_et_m%C3%A9dias_de_Caen_-_Cherbourg" class="extiw" title="fr:École supérieure d'arts et médias de Caen - Cherbourg">L'ésam Caen/Cherbourg</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> such as the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_d%27ing%C3%A9nieurs_de_Caen" title="École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de Caen">École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de Caen</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_d%27ing%C3%A9nieurs_des_travaux_de_la_construction_de_Caen" title="École supérieure d'ingénieurs des travaux de la construction de Caen">École supérieure d'ingénieurs des travaux de la construction de Caen</a>.</li> <li>A campus of the business school <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_management_de_Normandie" title="École de management de Normandie">École de management de Normandie</a> is also located in the city.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caenpanorama_wikipedia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Caenpanorama_wikipedia.jpg/800px-Caenpanorama_wikipedia.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Caenpanorama_wikipedia.jpg/1200px-Caenpanorama_wikipedia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Caenpanorama_wikipedia.jpg/1600px-Caenpanorama_wikipedia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6799" data-file-height="1403" /></a><figcaption>The Caen skyline facing the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint-Pierre,_Caen" title="Church of Saint-Pierre, Caen">Saint-Pierre Church</a>. Photo taken from the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Caen" title="Château de Caen">Château de Caen</a> – April 2007.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">agricultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food-processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Food-processing">food-processing</a> <a href="/wiki/Agrial" title="Agrial">Agrial</a> <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_cooperative" title="Agricultural cooperative">cooperative</a> has its head office in Caen. Agrial group processes <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cider_apple" title="Cider apple">cider apples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a> with the help of its 12,000 employees and all its partners.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_and_theatre">Music and theatre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Music and theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Caen" title="Théâtre de Caen">Théâtre de Caen</a> (1963) is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_ensemble" title="Musical ensemble">musical ensemble</a> <a href="/wiki/Les_Arts_Florissants_(ensemble)" title="Les Arts Florissants (ensemble)">Les Arts Florissants</a>. The organization was founded by conductor <a href="/wiki/William_Christie_(musician)" title="William Christie (musician)">William Christie</a> in 1979 and derives its name from the <a href="/wiki/Les_arts_florissants_(opera)" title="Les arts florissants (opera)">1685 opera</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis-Gustave_Doulcet_de_Pont%C3%A9coulant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Louis-Gustave_Doulcet_de_Pont%C3%A9coulant.jpg/140px-Louis-Gustave_Doulcet_de_Pont%C3%A9coulant.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Louis-Gustave_Doulcet_de_Pont%C3%A9coulant.jpg/210px-Louis-Gustave_Doulcet_de_Pont%C3%A9coulant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Louis-Gustave_Doulcet_de_Pont%C3%A9coulant.jpg/280px-Louis-Gustave_Doulcet_de_Pont%C3%A9coulant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gustave_le_Doulcet,_comte_de_Pont%C3%A9coulant" title="Louis Gustave le Doulcet, comte de Pontécoulant">Louis Gustave le Doulcet, comte de Pontécoulant</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Mathieu_Isidore_Decaen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Charles_Mathieu_Isidore_Decaen.jpg/140px-Charles_Mathieu_Isidore_Decaen.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Charles_Mathieu_Isidore_Decaen.jpg/210px-Charles_Mathieu_Isidore_Decaen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Charles_Mathieu_Isidore_Decaen.jpg/280px-Charles_Mathieu_Isidore_Decaen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mathieu_Isidore_Decaen" title="Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen">Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen</a>, 1827</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Caen" title="Category:People from Caen">Category:People from Caen</a></div><p> Caen was the birthplace or origin of: </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_service">Public service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Public service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert,_1st_Earl_of_Gloucester" title="Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester">Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester</a> (ca.1090–1147), illegitimate son of <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Constantin" title="Robert Constantin">Robert Constantin</a> (ca.1530 – 1605), physician, bibliographer, lexicographer and humanist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bochart" title="Samuel Bochart">Samuel Bochart</a> (1599–1667 in Caen), Protestant biblical scholar, taught <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Daniel_Huet" title="Pierre Daniel Huet">Pierre Daniel Huet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">St.</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Eudes" title="John Eudes">John Eudes</a> (1601–1680), Catholic priest, forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">devotion</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanneguy_Le_F%C3%A8vre" title="Tanneguy Le Fèvre">Tanneguy Le Fèvre</a> (1615–1672), classical scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Daniel_Huet" title="Pierre Daniel Huet">Pierre Daniel Huet</a> (1630–1721), churchman and scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gervais_de_La_Rue" title="Gervais de La Rue">Gervais de La Rue</a> (1751–1835), historian, re. <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_literature" title="Anglo-Norman literature">Anglo-Norman literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gustave_le_Doulcet,_comte_de_Pont%C3%A9coulant" title="Louis Gustave le Doulcet, comte de Pontécoulant">Louis Gustave le Doulcet, comte de Pontécoulant</a> (1764–1853), politician.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Corday" title="Charlotte Corday">Charlotte Corday</a> (1768–1793), <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotined</a> for the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mathieu_Isidore_Decaen" title="Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen">Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen</a> (1769–1832), a French general.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Poubelle" title="Eugène Poubelle">Eugène Poubelle</a> (1831–1907), lawyer and diplomat, introduced <a href="/wiki/Waste_container" title="Waste container">waste containers</a> to Paris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Hippolyte_Pouthas" title="Charles-Hippolyte Pouthas">Charles-Hippolyte Pouthas</a> (1886–1974), historian of political and religious history</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Pierre_K%C5%93nig" title="Marie-Pierre Kœnig">Marie-Pierre Kœnig</a> (1898–1970), <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chal_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Maréchal de France">Maréchal de France</a>, commanded the <a href="/wiki/Free_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French">Free French</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bir_Hakeim" title="Battle of Bir Hakeim">Battle of Bir Hakeim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Hettier_de_Boislambert" title="Claude Hettier de Boislambert">Claude Hettier de Boislambert</a> (1906-1986), <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Resistance</a> leader, governor, politician, diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovida_Delect" title="Ovida Delect">Ovida Delect</a> (1926–1996), poet, Communist, politician, member of the <a href="/wiki/French_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="French resistance">French resistance</a> in WWII and a <a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">trans woman</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_de_La_Prov%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Sonia de La Provôté">Sonia de La Provôté</a> (born 1968), member of the <a href="/wiki/French_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="French Senate">French Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrice_Le_Vigoureux" title="Fabrice Le Vigoureux">Fabrice Le Vigoureux</a> (born 1969), member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Arts">The Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: The Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_41_-_Danb%C3%A9_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_41_-_Danb%C3%A9_02.jpg/140px-P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_41_-_Danb%C3%A9_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_41_-_Danb%C3%A9_02.jpg/210px-P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_41_-_Danb%C3%A9_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_41_-_Danb%C3%A9_02.jpg/280px-P%C3%A8re-Lachaise_-_Division_41_-_Danb%C3%A9_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="4816" /></a><figcaption>bust of <a href="/wiki/Jules_Danb%C3%A9" title="Jules Danbé">Jules Danbé</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-Laure_Adler_-_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-Laure_Adler_-_007.jpg/140px-Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-Laure_Adler_-_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-Laure_Adler_-_007.jpg/210px-Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-Laure_Adler_-_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-Laure_Adler_-_007.jpg/280px-Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-Laure_Adler_-_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Laure_Adler" title="Laure Adler">Laure Adler</a>, 2012</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bertaut" title="Jean Bertaut">Jean Bertaut</a> (1552–1611), poet of light verse to celebrate the incidents of court life.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Malherbe" title="François de Malherbe">François de Malherbe</a> (1555 at <a href="/wiki/Le_Locheur" title="Le Locheur">Le Locheur</a> – 1628), poet, critic and translator.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_le_M%C3%A9tel_de_Boisrobert" title="François le Métel de Boisrobert">François le Métel de Boisrobert</a> (1592–1662), poet, playwright and courtier.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sarrazin" title="Jean François Sarrazin">Jean François Sarrazin</a> (ca.1611 at Hermanville – 1654), a French writer.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Auguste_Constantin_de_Renneville" title="René Auguste Constantin de Renneville">René Auguste Constantin de Renneville</a> (1650–1723), writer.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Belin" title="Jean-Baptiste Belin">Jean-Baptiste Belin</a> (1653–1715), painter who specialized in flowers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Henri_Turpin" title="François Henri Turpin">François Henri Turpin</a> (1709–1799), man of literature.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hector_St._John_de_Cr%C3%A8vec%C5%93ur" title="J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur">J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur</a> (1735–1813), French-American writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Boisard" title="Jean-Jacques Boisard">Jean-Jacques Boisard</a> (1744–1833), writer who specialized in <a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">fables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Boisard" title="Jean-François Boisard">Jean-François Boisard</a> (1762–1820), painter and poet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auber" title="Daniel Auber">Daniel Auber</a> (1782–1871), composer and director of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Conservatoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Conservatoire">Paris Conservatoire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9lingue" title="Étienne Mélingue">Étienne Mélingue</a> (1807–1875), actor, sculptor and painter.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Danb%C3%A9" title="Jules Danbé">Jules Danbé</a> (1840–1905), a violinist, composer and conductor, mainly of opera.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Dupont" title="Gabriel Dupont">Gabriel Dupont</a> (1878–1914), composer of operas and chamber music.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Grenier" title="Roger Grenier">Roger Grenier</a> (1919–2017), writer, journalist and radio animator.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Duhamel" title="Alain Duhamel">Alain Duhamel</a> (born 1940), journalist and political commentator.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Loup_Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Loup Rivière">Jean-Loup Rivière</a> (1948–2018), playwright and drama critic.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laure_Adler" title="Laure Adler">Laure Adler</a> (born 1950), journalist, writer, publisher and radio/TV producer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Desjardins" title="Christophe Desjardins">Christophe Desjardins</a> (born 1962), a viola player and specialist in contemporary music.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Baroux" title="Olivier Baroux">Olivier Baroux</a> (born 1964), actor, comedian, writer and director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Peterson" title="Gilles Peterson">Gilles Peterson</a> (born 1964), DJ, record collector, record label owner; lives in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9a_Drucker" title="Léa Drucker">Léa Drucker</a> (born 1972), French actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Lefran%C3%A7ois" title="Laurent Lefrançois">Laurent Lefrançois</a> (born 1974), French contemporary composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orelsan" title="Orelsan">Orelsan</a> (born 1982), rapper, songwriter, record producer, actor and film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seb_Toussaint" title="Seb Toussaint">Seb Toussaint</a> (born 1988), street artist and painter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_business">Science and business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Science and business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guillaume-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Guillaume-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle.jpg/140px-Guillaume-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Guillaume-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle.jpg/210px-Guillaume-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Guillaume-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle" title="Guillaume-François Rouelle">Guillaume-François Rouelle</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Varignon" title="Pierre Varignon">Pierre Varignon</a> (1654–1722), <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>; he invented the U-tube <a href="/wiki/Manometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Manometer">manometer</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estienne_Roger" title="Estienne Roger">Estienne Roger</a> (c 1664–1722), printer, bookseller and publisher of sheet music</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Jacques_Malouin" title="Paul Jacques Malouin">Paul Jacques Malouin</a> (1701–1778), physician and chemist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle" title="Guillaume-François Rouelle">Guillaume-François Rouelle</a> (1703 at Mathieu – 1770), chemist and apothecary<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_L%C3%A9pecq_de_La_Cl%C3%B4ture" title="Louis Lépecq de La Clôture">Louis Lépecq de La Clôture</a> (1736–1804), surgeon and <a href="/wiki/Epidemiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemiologist">epidemiologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Girard" title="Pierre-Simon Girard">Pierre-Simon Girard</a> (1765–1836), mathematician and engineer, worked on fluid mechanics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte-Victor_Collet-Descotils" title="Hippolyte-Victor Collet-Descotils">Hippolyte-Victor Collet-Descotils</a> (1773–1815), chemist; discovered <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridium</a> in 1803.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Amand_Eudes-Deslongchamps" title="Jacques Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps">Jacques Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps</a> (1794–1867), naturalist and <a href="/wiki/Palaeontologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeontologist">palaeontologist</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Eudes-Deslongchamps" title="Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps">Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps</a> (1830–1889), <a href="/wiki/Paleontologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontologist">paleontologist</a> and naturalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Lair" title="Jules Lair">Jules Lair</a> (1836–1907), businessman, paleographer, historian and antiquary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Louis_Danjon" title="André-Louis Danjon">André-Louis Danjon</a> (1890–1967), <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a>, measured the <a href="/wiki/Earthlight_(astronomy)" title="Earthlight (astronomy)">earthshine</a> on the moon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Herse" title="René Herse">René Herse</a> (1908–1976), builder of high-quality touring, <i>randonneur</i> and racing bicycles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Lehman" title="Jean-Pierre Lehman">Jean-Pierre Lehman</a> (1914–1981), <a href="/wiki/Paleontologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontologist">paleontologist</a> who studied the anatomy and evolution of fossil fish</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Marin" title="Jean-Yves Marin">Jean-Yves Marin</a> (born 1955), archeologist, medievalist and chief curator of French heritage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Denis" title="Pierre Denis">Pierre Denis</a> (born 1964) businessman, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Choo_(fashion_house)" title="Jimmy Choo (fashion house)">Jimmy Choo Ltd</a>, 2012–2020</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Pierre-Jaussaud-by-Rundvald.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jean-Pierre-Jaussaud-by-Rundvald.jpg/140px-Jean-Pierre-Jaussaud-by-Rundvald.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jean-Pierre-Jaussaud-by-Rundvald.jpg/210px-Jean-Pierre-Jaussaud-by-Rundvald.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jean-Pierre-Jaussaud-by-Rundvald.jpg/280px-Jean-Pierre-Jaussaud-by-Rundvald.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Jaussaud" title="Jean-Pierre Jaussaud">Jean-Pierre Jaussaud</a>, 2009</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Menzies" title="René Menzies">René Menzies</a> (ca.1889 – ca.1971), long-distance cycling record holder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Jaussaud" title="Jean-Pierre Jaussaud">Jean-Pierre Jaussaud</a> (1937–2021), racing driver, won the <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</a> in 1978 and 1980.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ballester" title="Jean-François Ballester">Jean-François Ballester</a> (1965–2018), figure skater, gold medallist at the <a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Lagache" title="Corinne Lagache">Corinne Lagache</a> (born 1975), former football goalkeeper with 27 caps with <a href="/wiki/France_women%27s_national_football_team" title="France women's national football team">France women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Grougi" title="Bruno Grougi">Bruno Grougi</a> (born 1983), a former footballer with 451 club caps and 3 for <a href="/wiki/Martinique_national_football_team" title="Martinique national football team">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my_Sorbon" title="Jérémy Sorbon">Jérémy Sorbon</a> (born 1983), a former footballer with 518 club caps</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Costil" title="Benoît Costil">Benoît Costil</a> (born 1987), footballer with over 480 club caps and 1 for <a href="/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youssef_El-Arabi" title="Youssef El-Arabi">Youssef El-Arabi</a> (born 1987), footballer with over 546 club caps and 46 for <a href="/wiki/Morocco_national_football_team" title="Morocco national football team">Morocco</a> and over 303 goals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Massot" title="Bruno Massot">Bruno Massot</a> (born 1989), pair skater, gold medallist at the <a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 Winter Olympics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>Caen is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a>, North Macedonia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, England, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Re%C8%99i%C8%9Ba" title="Reșița">Reșița</a>, Romania</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thi%C3%A8s" title="Thiès">Thiès</a>, Senegal</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anzio" title="Anzio">Anzio</a>, Italy <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport_2">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Match_Quevilly-Marseille.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Match_Quevilly-Marseille.JPG/220px-Match_Quevilly-Marseille.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Match_Quevilly-Marseille.JPG/330px-Match_Quevilly-Marseille.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Match_Quevilly-Marseille.JPG/440px-Match_Quevilly-Marseille.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stade_Michel_d%27Ornano" title="Stade Michel d'Ornano">Stade Michel d'Ornano</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From 1947 to 2006, Caen was a stage of the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> a total of 15 times.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, Caen was one of the hosts of the <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket_1983" title="EuroBasket 1983">EuroBasket 1983</a>. The city has a football team, <a href="/wiki/Stade_Malherbe_Caen" title="Stade Malherbe Caen">SM Caen</a>, who as of 2024 are owned by superstar footballer <a href="/wiki/Kylian_Mbapp%C3%A9" title="Kylian Mbappé">Kylian Mbappé</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Drakkars_de_Caen" title="Drakkars de Caen">Drakkars de Caen</a> play ice hockey in the <a href="/wiki/FFHG_Division_1" title="FFHG Division 1">FFHG Division 1</a>. In 2014, Caen was the location of the <a href="/wiki/2014_FEI_World_Equestrian_Games" title="2014 FEI World Equestrian Games">2014 FEI World Equestrian Games</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Current arms: </p> <blockquote><p><i>Gules, a single-towered open castle Or, windowed and masoned sable.</i></p></blockquote> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a>: <i>Per fess, gules and azure, 3 fleurs de lys Or.</i> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>: <i>Gules, a single-towered castle Or, a chief of Good Imperial Cities (gules, 3 bees Or).</i> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Caen_ancien.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms in effect under Ancien Régime."><img alt="Arms in effect under Ancien Régime." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_ancien.svg/109px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_ancien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_ancien.svg/164px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_ancien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_ancien.svg/218px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_ancien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Arms in effect under <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a>.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Caen_1809.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms requested from Napoleon in 1809 which were refused.[59]"><img alt="Arms requested from Napoleon in 1809 which were refused.[59]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Blason_Caen_1809.svg/109px-Blason_Caen_1809.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Blason_Caen_1809.svg/164px-Blason_Caen_1809.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Blason_Caen_1809.svg/218px-Blason_Caen_1809.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Arms requested from <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> in 1809 which were refused.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Caen_(Calvados)_Empire_(Orn_ext).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms in effect under the First French Empire."><img alt="Arms in effect under the First French Empire." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_Empire_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/109px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_Empire_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_Empire_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/164px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_Empire_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_Empire_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/218px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_Empire_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Arms in effect under the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Caen_(Calvados)_(Orn_ext).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms in effect today, reverting to the original arms of the 13th century."><img alt="Arms in effect today, reverting to the original arms of the 13th century." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/109px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/164px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_%28Orn_ext%29.svg/218px-Blason_ville_fr_Caen_%28Calvados%29_%28Orn_ext%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Arms in effect today, reverting to the original arms of the 13th century.</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motto">Motto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Motto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, Caen has no motto, but it used to have one, which did not survive the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. As a result, its spelling is archaic and has not been updated:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p><i>Un Dieu, un Roy, une Foy, une Loy.</i></p></blockquote> <p>(One God, one King, one Faith, one Law.) </p><p>This motto is reflected in a notable old <a href="/wiki/Chant_royal" title="Chant royal">Chant royal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Code">Code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caen's <a href="/wiki/Home_port" title="Home port">home port</a> code is <b>CN</b>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escoville_Angle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hôtel d'Escoville, 16th century, Caen"><img alt="Hôtel d'Escoville, 16th century, Caen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Escoville_Angle.jpg/135px-Escoville_Angle.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Escoville_Angle.jpg/202px-Escoville_Angle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Escoville_Angle.jpg/270px-Escoville_Angle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hôtel d'Escoville, 16th century, Caen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chateau_Caen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="South Wall of the Castle, a huge fortress in the centre of the city"><img alt="South Wall of the Castle, a huge fortress in the centre of the city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Chateau_Caen.jpg/255px-Chateau_Caen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Chateau_Caen.jpg/382px-Chateau_Caen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Chateau_Caen.jpg/509px-Chateau_Caen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="423" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">South Wall of the Castle, a huge fortress in the centre of the city</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caen_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Town Hall of Caen"><img alt="Town Hall of Caen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Caen_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG/240px-Caen_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Caen_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG/360px-Caen_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Caen_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG/480px-Caen_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Town Hall of Caen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caen_gare_bv.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caen railway station"><img alt="Caen railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Caen_gare_bv.jpg/240px-Caen_gare_bv.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Caen_gare_bv.jpg/360px-Caen_gare_bv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Caen_gare_bv.jpg/480px-Caen_gare_bv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Caen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Caen">Caen railway station</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramway_de_Caen_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caen's former 'tramway' was in fact a modern guided-bus system."><img alt="Caen's former 'tramway' was in fact a modern guided-bus system." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tramway_de_Caen_Station.jpg/240px-Tramway_de_Caen_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tramway_de_Caen_Station.jpg/360px-Tramway_de_Caen_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tramway_de_Caen_Station.jpg/480px-Tramway_de_Caen_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Caen's former 'tramway' was in fact a modern guided-bus system. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Normandie_Calvados_Caen6_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint-Étienne-le-Vieux Church"><img alt="Saint-Étienne-le-Vieux Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Normandie_Calvados_Caen6_tango7174.jpg/240px-Normandie_Calvados_Caen6_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Normandie_Calvados_Caen6_tango7174.jpg/360px-Normandie_Calvados_Caen6_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Normandie_Calvados_Caen6_tango7174.jpg/480px-Normandie_Calvados_Caen6_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saint-Étienne-le-Vieux Church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caen-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of Saint-Pierre Church"><img alt="Interior of Saint-Pierre Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Caen-1.JPG/135px-Caen-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Caen-1.JPG/202px-Caen-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Caen-1.JPG/270px-Caen-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of Saint-Pierre Church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caen-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The fortress of Caen"><img alt="The fortress of Caen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Caen-2.JPG/240px-Caen-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Caen-2.JPG/360px-Caen-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Caen-2.JPG/480px-Caen-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The fortress of Caen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caen-3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Abbey of St. Étienne"><img alt="The Abbey of St. Étienne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Caen-3.JPG/240px-Caen-3.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Caen-3.JPG/360px-Caen-3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Caen-3.JPG/480px-Caen-3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Abbey of St. Étienne</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89glise_Saint_Pierre_seen_from_in_front_of_the_Ch%C3%A2teau.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Église Saint Pierre seen from in front of the Château"><img alt="Église Saint Pierre seen from in front of the Château" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%C3%89glise_Saint_Pierre_seen_from_in_front_of_the_Ch%C3%A2teau.jpg/270px-%C3%89glise_Saint_Pierre_seen_from_in_front_of_the_Ch%C3%A2teau.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%C3%89glise_Saint_Pierre_seen_from_in_front_of_the_Ch%C3%A2teau.jpg/405px-%C3%89glise_Saint_Pierre_seen_from_in_front_of_the_Ch%C3%A2teau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%C3%89glise_Saint_Pierre_seen_from_in_front_of_the_Ch%C3%A2teau.jpg/540px-%C3%89glise_Saint_Pierre_seen_from_in_front_of_the_Ch%C3%A2teau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Église Saint Pierre seen from in front of the Château</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Malherbe_Caen" title="Stade Malherbe Caen">Stade Malherbe Caen</a> – Football club in Caen, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen_stone" title="Caen stone">Caen stone</a> – Limestone quarried near Caen, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Calvados_department" title="Communes of the Calvados department">Communes of the Calvados department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Vieux-la-Romaine" title="Forum of Vieux-la-Romaine">Forum of Vieux-la-Romaine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mayor_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mayor_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 6 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628030259/https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-14118">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-14118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-compar-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-024+UU2020-14701+COM-14118">Comparateur de territoire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620081507/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-024+UU2020-14701+COM-14118">Archived</a> 20 June 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, INSEE, retrieved 20 June 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2019&view=map13">"France par aire d'attraction des villes - Population municipale 2019 >> Tableau"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004346/https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2019&view=map13">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+par+aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+-+Population+municipale+2019+%3E%3E+Tableau&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistiques-locales.insee.fr%2F%23c%3Dindicator%26i%3Dpop_legales.popmun%26s%3D2019%26view%3Dmap13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paris-normandie.fr/actualites/societe/la-normandie-compte-3-339-131-habitants-KI11808460">"La Normandie compte 3 339 131 habitants"</a> (in French). paris-normandie.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323092243/http://www.paris-normandie.fr/actualites/societe/la-normandie-compte-3-339-131-habitants-KI11808460">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+Normandie+compte+3+339+131+habitants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paris-normandie.fr%2Factualites%2Fsociete%2Fla-normandie-compte-3-339-131-habitants-KI11808460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actu.fr/societe/grande-normandie-combien-dhabitants-dans-votre-commune_469212.html">"Grande Normandie : combien d'habitants dans votre commune ?"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908054258/https://actu.fr/societe/grande-normandie-combien-dhabitants-dans-votre-commune_469212.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grande+Normandie+%3A+combien+d%27habitants+dans+votre+commune+%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factu.fr%2Fsociete%2Fgrande-normandie-combien-dhabitants-dans-votre-commune_469212.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie Fauroux, <i>Recueil des actes des ducs de Normandie (911–1066)</i>, Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de Normandie XXXVI, Caen, 1961, p. 122, n° 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ibid.</i>, p. 130, n° 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Villam que dicitur Cathim super fluvium Olne</i>: the town called Cathim on the Orne river, <i>ibid</i>., p. 182, n° 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726221228/http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/a/a-L.html">"Manuscript A: The Parker Chronicle"</a>. Asc.jebbo.co.uk. 15 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/a/a-L.html">the original</a> on 26 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manuscript+A%3A+The+Parker+Chronicle&rft.pub=Asc.jebbo.co.uk&rft.date=2007-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasc.jebbo.co.uk%2Fa%2Fa-L.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Her Landfranc se þe wæs abbod an Kadum com to Ængla lande</i>: Here <a href="/wiki/Lanfranc" title="Lanfranc">Lanfranc</a> who was <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> at Caen came to England.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/e/e-L.html">Manuscript E: The Laud Chronicle</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212153114/http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/e/e-L.html">Archived</a> 12 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Asc.jebbo.co.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>He swealt on Normandige on þone nextan dæg æfter natiuitas sancte Marie. 7-man bebyrgede hine on Caþum æt sancte Stephanes mynstre</i>: He [King William] died in Normandy on the day after the Nativity of St Mary and was buried in Caen, in St Stephen's Abbey</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">René Lepelley, <i>Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de communes de Normandie</i>, P.U.C., Corlet, Caen, <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-sur-Noireau" title="Condé-sur-Noireau">Condé-sur-Noireau</a>, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brut, l. 13,936</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadsey1990" class="citation book cs1">Badsey, Stephen (1990). <i>Normandy 1944 Allied Landings and Breakout</i>. London: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-921-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-921-0"><bdi>978-0-85045-921-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Normandy+1944+Allied+Landings+and+Breakout&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-85045-921-0&rft.aulast=Badsey&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadsey2006" class="citation book cs1">Badsey, S. (2006). "Chapter 4: Culture, Controversy, Caen and Cherbourg: The First Week of the Battle". In <a href="/wiki/John_Buckley_(historian)" title="John Buckley (historian)">Buckley, John</a> (ed.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/normandycampaign00buck_143"><i>The Normandy Campaign 1944: Sixty Years On</i></a></span>. London: Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/normandycampaign00buck_143/page/n60">48</a>–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-20304-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-20304-8"><bdi>978-1-134-20304-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Culture%2C+Controversy%2C+Caen+and+Cherbourg%3A+The+First+Week+of+the+Battle&rft.btitle=The+Normandy+Campaign+1944%3A+Sixty+Years+On&rft.place=London&rft.pages=48-63&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-134-20304-8&rft.aulast=Badsey&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnormandycampaign00buck_143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caen.fr/publications/prairie-caen">"La Prairie de Caen"</a>. <i>CAEN</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CAEN&rft.atitle=La+Prairie+de+Caen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaen.fr%2Fpublications%2Fprairie-caen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ouest-france.fr/normandie/caen-14000/en-images-caen-les-photos-de-la-prairie-inondee-5444265">"EN IMAGES. Caen : inondations autour de la Prairie"</a>. <i>Ouest-France.fr</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820061100/https://www.ouest-france.fr/normandie/caen-14000/en-images-caen-les-photos-de-la-prairie-inondee-5444265">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ouest-France.fr&rft.atitle=EN+IMAGES.+Caen+%3A+inondations+autour+de+la+Prairie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ouest-france.fr%2Fnormandie%2Fcaen-14000%2Fen-images-caen-les-photos-de-la-prairie-inondee-5444265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_14137001.pdf">"CAEN–CARPIQUET (14)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records</i> (in French). Météo France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806130840/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_14137001.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1991%E2%80%932020+et+records&rft.atitle=CAEN%E2%80%93CARPIQUET+%2814%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_14137001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?DeptPays=14&code=14137001&normes=2020&Lieu=Caen-Carpiquet+%2814%29">"Caen-Carpiquet (14) (Alt. 67m )"</a>. <i>Normales / Moyennes 1991-2020</i> (in French). Provided by Météo-France. Meteociel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normales+%2F+Moyennes+1991-2020&rft.atitle=Caen-Carpiquet+%2814%29+%28Alt.+67m+%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteociel.fr%2Fobs%2Fclim%2Fnormales_records.php%3FDeptPays%3D14%26code%3D14137001%26normes%3D2020%26Lieu%3DCaen-Carpiquet%2B%252814%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoclimat-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130312062932/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07027-caen-carpiquet.html">"Normes et records 1961–1990: Cain-Carpiquet (14) – altitude 67m"</a> (in French). Infoclimat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07027-caen-carpiquet.html">the original</a> on 12 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normes+et+records+1961%E2%80%931990%3A+Cain-Carpiquet+%2814%29+%E2%80%93+altitude+67m&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie-07027-caen-carpiquet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/caen-carpiquet/valeurs/07027.html">"Climatologie de l'année à Caen-Carpiquet"</a> (in French). Infoclimat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230908190818/https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/caen-carpiquet/valeurs/07027.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatologie+de+l%27ann%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+Caen-Carpiquet&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fannee%2F1991%2Fcaen-carpiquet%2Fvaleurs%2F07027.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/FR/07027.TXT">"CAEN normals for 1961-1990 (WMO Station Number: 07027)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CAEN+normals+for+1961-1990+%28WMO+Station+Number%3A+07027%29&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FRA-VI%2FFR%2F07027.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=6530">Commune data sheet Caen</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-14118#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924211729/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-14118#ancre-POP_T1">Archived</a> 24 September 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061123071639/http://www.crdp.ac-caen.fr/visite-au-musee/museedenormandie/images/Classique/fontette.pdf">"Autour de la Place Fonette: De l'Abbaye-Aux-Hommes à la place Saint-Sauveur"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crdp.ac-caen.fr/visite-au-musee/museedenormandie/images/Classique/fontette.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autour+de+la+Place+Fonette%3A+De+l%27Abbaye-Aux-Hommes+%C3%A0+la+place+Saint-Sauveur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crdp.ac-caen.fr%2Fvisite-au-musee%2Fmuseedenormandie%2Fimages%2FClassique%2Ffontette.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020023701/http://www.caen-tourisme.fr/fr/decouvrir-caen/patrimoine-architectural/maisons-pans-de-bois">"Maisons à pans de bois"</a>. <i>Office de Tourisme de Caen</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caen-tourisme.fr/fr/decouvrir-caen/patrimoine-architectural/maisons-pans-de-bois">the original</a> on 20 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Office+de+Tourisme+de+Caen&rft.atitle=Maisons+%C3%A0+pans+de+bois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caen-tourisme.fr%2Ffr%2Fdecouvrir-caen%2Fpatrimoine-architectural%2Fmaisons-pans-de-bois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180327213344/http://caen.fr/adresse/colline-aux-oiseaux">"Colline aux Oiseaux"</a>. <i>CAEN</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caen.fr/adresse/colline-aux-oiseaux">the original</a> on 27 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CAEN&rft.atitle=Colline+aux+Oiseaux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaen.fr%2Fadresse%2Fcolline-aux-oiseaux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calvados-tourisme.com/diffusio/fr/decouvrir/parcs-et-jardins/caen/la-colline-aux-oiseaux-l-un-des-plus-grand-parc-et-jardins-de-cae_TFOPCUNOR014FS00076.php">"La colline aux oiseaux, l'un des plus grand parc et jardins de Cae"</a>. <i>Site officiel du tourisme dans le Calvados</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180327214201/https://www.calvados-tourisme.com/diffusio/fr/decouvrir/parcs-et-jardins/caen/la-colline-aux-oiseaux-l-un-des-plus-grand-parc-et-jardins-de-cae_TFOPCUNOR014FS00076.php">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Site+officiel+du+tourisme+dans+le+Calvados&rft.atitle=La+colline+aux+oiseaux%2C+l%27un+des+plus+grand+parc+et+jardins+de+Cae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.calvados-tourisme.com%2Fdiffusio%2Ffr%2Fdecouvrir%2Fparcs-et-jardins%2Fcaen%2Fla-colline-aux-oiseaux-l-un-des-plus-grand-parc-et-jardins-de-cae_TFOPCUNOR014FS00076.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-decret-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-decret_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000028625983">"Décret n° 2014-160 du 17 février 2014 portant délimitation des cantons dans le département du Calvados | Legifrance"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202071540/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000028625983">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9cret+n%C2%B0+2014-160+du+17+f%C3%A9vrier+2014+portant+d%C3%A9limitation+des+cantons+dans+le+d%C3%A9partement+du+Calvados+%26%23124%3B+Legifrance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichTexte.do%3FcidTexte%3DJORFTEXT000028625983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twisto.fr/">"Twisto - Les Mobilités de Caen la mer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123025703/https://www.twisto.fr/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twisto+-+Les+Mobilit%C3%A9s+de+Caen+la+mer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twisto.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tendanceouest.com/actualite-337499-normandie-derniers-ajustements-pour-les-nouveaux-horaires-des-trains-en-2020">"Normandie. Derniers ajustements pour les nouveaux horaires des trains en 2020"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123025531/https://www.tendanceouest.com/actualite-337499-normandie-derniers-ajustements-pour-les-nouveaux-horaires-des-trains-en-2020">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normandie.+Derniers+ajustements+pour+les+nouveaux+horaires+des+trains+en+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tendanceouest.com%2Factualite-337499-normandie-derniers-ajustements-pour-les-nouveaux-horaires-des-trains-en-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actu.fr/economie/avec-railcoop-deux-nouvelles-lignes-de-train-passeront-par-la-manche_47990212.html">"Avec Railcoop, deux nouvelles lignes de train passeront par la Manche"</a>. 19 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123025530/https://actu.fr/economie/avec-railcoop-deux-nouvelles-lignes-de-train-passeront-par-la-manche_47990212.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Avec+Railcoop%2C+deux+nouvelles+lignes+de+train+passeront+par+la+Manche&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factu.fr%2Feconomie%2Favec-railcoop-deux-nouvelles-lignes-de-train-passeront-par-la-manche_47990212.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actu.fr/normandie/caen_14118/air-france-va-proposer-5-destinations-depuis-caen-carpiquet-en-2022_48066368.html">"Air France va proposer 5 destinations depuis Caen-Carpiquet en 2022"</a>. 20 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123024818/https://actu.fr/normandie/caen_14118/air-france-va-proposer-5-destinations-depuis-caen-carpiquet-en-2022_48066368.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Air+France+va+proposer+5+destinations+depuis+Caen-Carpiquet+en+2022&rft.date=2022-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factu.fr%2Fnormandie%2Fcaen_14118%2Fair-france-va-proposer-5-destinations-depuis-caen-carpiquet-en-2022_48066368.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voie_verte_de_Caen_%C3%A0_Ouistreham" class="extiw" title="fr:Voie verte de Caen à Ouistreham">Voie Verte</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAurelie2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aurelie (28 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paris-jetequitte.com/etudier-caen/">"Etudier à Caen"</a>. <i>Paris, je te quitte</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627062027/https://paris-jetequitte.com/etudier-caen/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paris%2C+je+te+quitte&rft.atitle=Etudier+%C3%A0+Caen&rft.date=2022-03-28&rft.au=Aurelie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparis-jetequitte.com%2Fetudier-caen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305174644/http://www.agrial.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/RA_Agrial_2014_vgb.pdf">"Annual Report 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Agrial Group. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2014&rft.pub=Agrial+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agrial.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F04%2FRA_Agrial_2014_vgb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Carless_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry William Carless Davis">Davis, Henry William Carless</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gloucester, Robert, Earl of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gloucester,_Robert,_Earl_of">"Gloucester, Robert, Earl of" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). p. 130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gloucester%2C+Robert%2C+Earl+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=130&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Henry+William+Carless&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bochart, Samuel"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bochart,_Samuel">"Bochart, Samuel" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bochart%2C+Samuel&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=106&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-john-eudes/">"CatholicSaints.Info » Blog Archive » Saint John Eudes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220804210726/https://catholicsaints.info/saint-john-eudes/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CatholicSaints.Info+%C2%BB+Blog+Archive+%C2%BB+Saint+John+Eudes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatholicsaints.info%2Fsaint-john-eudes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lefebvre, Tanneguy"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lefebvre,_Tanneguy">"Lefebvre, Tanneguy" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 372.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lefebvre%2C+Tanneguy&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=372&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Huet, Pierre Daniel"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Huet,_Pierre_Daniel">"Huet, Pierre Daniel" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 855–856.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Huet%2C+Pierre+Daniel&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=855-856&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pontécoulant, Louis Gustave le Doulcet, Comte de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Pont%C3%A9coulant,_Louis_Gustave_le_Doulcet,_Comte_de">"Pontécoulant, Louis Gustave le Doulcet, Comte de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 63–64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pont%C3%A9coulant%2C+Louis+Gustave+le+Doulcet%2C+Comte+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=63-64&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Holland_Rose" title="John Holland Rose">Rose, John Holland</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Decaen, Charles Mathieu Isidore, Count"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Decaen,_Charles_Mathieu_Isidore,_Count">"Decaen, Charles Mathieu Isidore, Count" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). p. 907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Decaen%2C+Charles+Mathieu+Isidore%2C+Count&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=907&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=John+Holland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bertaut, Jean"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bertaut,_Jean">"Bertaut, Jean" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 811.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bertaut%2C+Jean&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=811&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaintsbury1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Saintsbury" title="George Saintsbury">Saintsbury, George</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Malherbe, François de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Malherbe,_Fran%C3%A7ois_de">"Malherbe, François de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 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Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boisrobert%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+le+Metel+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=154&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sarasin, Jean François"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sarasin,_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois">"Sarasin, Jean François" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 204–205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sarasin%2C+Jean+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=204-205&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Renneville, René Auguste Constantin de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Renneville,_Ren%C3%A9_Auguste_Constantin_de">"Renneville, René Auguste Constantin de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 100–101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Renneville%2C+Ren%C3%A9+Auguste+Constantin+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=100-101&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Turpin, François Henri"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Turpin,_Fran%C3%A7ois_Henri">"Turpin, François Henri" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=caen.fr&rft.atitle=Nouvelle+coop%C3%A9ration+internationale+pour+Caen&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaen.fr%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2019-07%2FCAENMAG195_15juil-15sept_planches.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilgranchio.it/2018/05/14/anzio-gemellaggio-dal-2019-la-citta-caen-normandia/">"Gemellaggio dal 2019 tra Anzio e la città di Caen"</a>. 14 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224022801/https://ilgranchio.it/2018/05/14/anzio-gemellaggio-dal-2019-la-citta-caen-normandia/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gemellaggio+dal+2019+tra+Anzio+e+la+citt%C3%A0+di+Caen&rft.date=2018-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filgranchio.it%2F2018%2F05%2F14%2Fanzio-gemellaggio-dal-2019-la-citta-caen-normandia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160713104422/http://ledicodutour.perso.sfr.fr/villes_etapes/villes_c/caen.htm">"Caen in the Tour de France"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ledicodutour.perso.sfr.fr/villes_etapes/villes_c/caen.htm">the original</a> on 13 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caen+in+the+Tour+de+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fledicodutour.perso.sfr.fr%2Fvilles_etapes%2Fvilles_c%2Fcaen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cabinet du maire de Caen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090102060704/http://www.notrefamille.com/v2/services-devises-armoiries/services-devises-armoiries-detail.asp?id=59512811">"French motto and heraldry site"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notrefamille.com/v2/services-devises-armoiries/services-devises-armoiries-detail.asp?id=59512811">the original</a> on 2 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+motto+and+heraldry+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.notrefamille.com%2Fv2%2Fservices-devises-armoiries%2Fservices-devises-armoiries-detail.asp%3Fid%3D59512811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bonjourpoesie.fr/lesgrandsclassiques/poemes/pierre_gringoire/chant_royal">"Chant royal - Pierre GRINGOIRE - Vos poèmes - Poésie française - Tous les poèmes - Tous les poètes"</a>. <i>www.bonjourpoesie.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930003527/https://www.bonjourpoesie.fr/lesgrandsclassiques/Poemes/pierre_gringoire/chant_royal">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bonjourpoesie.fr&rft.atitle=Chant+royal+-+Pierre+GRINGOIRE+-+Vos+po%C3%A8mes+-+Po%C3%A9sie+fran%C3%A7aise+-+Tous+les+po%C3%A8mes+-+Tous+les+po%C3%A8tes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonjourpoesie.fr%2Flesgrandsclassiques%2Fpoemes%2Fpierre_gringoire%2Fchant_royal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Caen#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Caen">Bibliography of the history of Caen</a></div> <ul><li>Joseph Decaëns and Adrien Dubois (ed.), <i>Caen Castle. A ten Centuries Old Fortress within the Town</i>, Publications du CRAHM, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-902685-75-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-902685-75-2">978-2-902685-75-2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606034828/http://www.unicaen.fr/ufr/histoire/craham/publications/spip.php?article258">Publications du CRAHM</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caen&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Caen" class="extiw" title="commons:Caen"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Caen</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Caen"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Caen">"Caen" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 936.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Caen&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=936&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-caen.fr/">Caen City Council</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081106223137/http://agglo-caen.fr/">Archived</a> 6 November 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081106223137/http://agglo-caen.fr/">"Caen Borough Council"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agglo-caen.fr/">the original</a> on 6 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caen+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagglo-caen.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9018515/Caen">Encyclopædia Britannica Caen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070801165221/http://www.memorial-caen.fr/portail_gb/hp/hp.asp">Mémorial pour la Paix museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationfrance.com/caen.php">Caen town guide</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_France" title="Template talk:Cities in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in France by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeurbanne" title="Villeurbanne">Villeurbanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template talk:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse" title="Bourg-en-Bresse">Bourg-en-Bresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digne-les-Bains" title="Digne-les-Bains">Digne-les-Bains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foix" title="Foix">Foix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodez" title="Rodez">Rodez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurillac" title="Aurillac">Aurillac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle" title="Tulle">Tulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastia" title="Bastia">Bastia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brieuc" title="Saint-Brieuc">Saint-Brieuc</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ret" title="Guéret">Guéret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigueux" title="Périgueux">Périgueux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (city)">Valence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux" title="Évreux">Évreux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auch" title="Auch">Auch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lons-le-Saunier" title="Lons-le-Saunier">Lons-le-Saunier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-de-Marsan" title="Mont-de-Marsan">Mont-de-Marsan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahors" title="Cahors">Cahors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont,_Haute-Marne" title="Chaumont, Haute-Marne">Chaumont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Mayenne" title="Laval, Mayenne">Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on" title="Alençon">Alençon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbes" title="Tarbes">Tarbes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-Yon" title="La Roche-sur-Yon">La Roche-sur-Yon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cergy" title="Cergy">Cergy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Overseas_departments"><b><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas departments</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Calvados_(department)&#124;link=Calvados_(department)_Communes_of_the_Calvados_department" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Calvados_communes" title="Template:Calvados communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Calvados_communes" title="Template talk:Calvados communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Calvados_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Calvados communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Calvados_(department)&#124;link=Calvados_(department)_Communes_of_the_Calvados_department" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)"><img alt="Calvados (department)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Calvados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Calvados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Calvados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Calvados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Calvados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Calvados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Calvados_department" title="Communes of the Calvados department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ablon" title="Ablon">Ablon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agy" title="Agy">Agy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amay%C3%A9-sur-Orne" title="Amayé-sur-Orne">Amayé-sur-Orne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amay%C3%A9-sur-Seulles" title="Amayé-sur-Seulles">Amayé-sur-Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfreville,_Calvados" title="Amfreville, Calvados">Amfreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angerville,_Calvados" title="Angerville, Calvados">Angerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisy" title="Anisy">Anisy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annebault" title="Annebault">Annebault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arganchy" title="Arganchy">Arganchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argences" title="Argences">Argences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arromanches-les-Bains" title="Arromanches-les-Bains">Arromanches-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asnelles" title="Asnelles">Asnelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res-en-Bessin" title="Asnières-en-Bessin">Asnières-en-Bessin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberville" title="Auberville">Auberville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubigny,_Calvados" title="Aubigny, Calvados">Aubigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrieu" title="Audrieu">Audrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aure_sur_Mer" title="Aure sur Mer">Aure sur Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurseulles" title="Aurseulles">Aurseulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authie,_Calvados" title="Authie, Calvados">Authie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Authieux-sur-Calonne" title="Les Authieux-sur-Calonne">Les Authieux-sur-Calonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvillars" title="Auvillars">Auvillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenay" title="Avenay">Avenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balleroy-sur-Dr%C3%B4me" title="Balleroy-sur-Drôme">Balleroy-sur-Drôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banneville-la-Campagne" title="Banneville-la-Campagne">Banneville-la-Campagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banville,_Calvados" title="Banville, Calvados">Banville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbery,_Calvados" title="Barbery, Calvados">Barbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeville" title="Barbeville">Barbeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barneville-la-Bertran" title="Barneville-la-Bertran">Barneville-la-Bertran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron-sur-Odon" title="Baron-sur-Odon">Baron-sur-Odon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barou-en-Auge" title="Barou-en-Auge">Barou-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basly" title="Basly">Basly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basseneville" title="Basseneville">Basseneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavent" title="Bavent">Bavent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayeux" title="Bayeux">Bayeux</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazenville" title="Bazenville">Bazenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bazoque,_Calvados" title="La Bazoque, Calvados">La Bazoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufour-Druval" title="Beaufour-Druval">Beaufour-Druval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumais" title="Beaumais">Beaumais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumesnil,_Calvados" title="Beaumesnil, Calvados">Beaumesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-en-Auge" title="Beaumont-en-Auge">Beaumont-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellengreville,_Calvados" title="Bellengreville, Calvados">Bellengreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Vie_en_Auge" title="Belle Vie en Auge">Belle Vie en Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benerville-sur-Mer" title="Benerville-sur-Mer">Benerville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nouville,_Calvados" title="Bénouville, Calvados">Bénouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ny-sur-Mer" title="Bény-sur-Mer">Bény-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernesq" title="Bernesq">Bernesq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berni%C3%A8res-d%27Ailly" title="Bernières-d'Ailly">Bernières-d'Ailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berni%C3%A8res-sur-Mer" title="Bernières-sur-Mer">Bernières-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuvillers,_Calvados" title="Beuvillers, Calvados">Beuvillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuvron-en-Auge" title="Beuvron-en-Auge">Beuvron-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9ville-Beuville" title="Biéville-Beuville">Biéville-Beuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blainville-sur-Orne" title="Blainville-sur-Orne">Blainville-sur-Orne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blangy-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Blangy-le-Château">Blangy-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blay" title="Blay">Blay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blonville-sur-Mer" title="Blonville-sur-Mer">Blonville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_B%C3%B4" title="Le Bô">Le Bô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Boissi%C3%A8re,_Calvados" title="La Boissière, Calvados">La Boissière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnebosq" title="Bonnebosq">Bonnebosq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnemaison" title="Bonnemaison">Bonnemaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville-la-Louvet" title="Bonneville-la-Louvet">Bonneville-la-Louvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville-sur-Touques" title="Bonneville-sur-Touques">Bonneville-sur-Touques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn%C5%93il" title="Bonnœil">Bonnœil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bons-Tassilly" title="Bons-Tassilly">Bons-Tassilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougy" title="Bougy">Bougy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulon" title="Boulon">Boulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeauville" title="Bourgeauville">Bourgeauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgu%C3%A9bus" title="Bourguébus">Bourguébus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branville" title="Branville">Branville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9moy" title="Brémoy">Brémoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretteville-le-Rabet" title="Bretteville-le-Rabet">Bretteville-le-Rabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretteville-sur-Laize" title="Bretteville-sur-Laize">Bretteville-sur-Laize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretteville-sur-Odon" title="Bretteville-sur-Odon">Bretteville-sur-Odon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Breuil-en-Auge" title="Le Breuil-en-Auge">Le Breuil-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Breuil-en-Bessin" title="Le Breuil-en-Bessin">Le Breuil-en-Bessin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Br%C3%A9vedent" title="Le Brévedent">Le Brévedent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9ville-les-Monts" title="Bréville-les-Monts">Bréville-les-Monts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricqueville" title="Bricqueville">Bricqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucourt" title="Brucourt">Brucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buc%C3%A9els" title="Bucéels">Bucéels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_B%C3%BB-sur-Rouvres" title="Le Bû-sur-Rouvres">Le Bû-sur-Rouvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabourg" title="Cabourg">Cabourg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caen</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagny,_Calvados" title="Cagny, Calvados">Cagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahagnes" title="Cahagnes">Cahagnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahagnolles" title="Cahagnolles">Cahagnolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Caine" title="La Caine">La Caine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairon" title="Cairon">Cairon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cambe" title="La Cambe">La Cambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambes-en-Plaine" title="Cambes-en-Plaine">Cambes-en-Plaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambremer" title="Cambremer">Cambremer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campagnolles" title="Campagnolles">Campagnolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campigny,_Calvados" title="Campigny, Calvados">Campigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canapville,_Calvados" title="Canapville, Calvados">Canapville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canchy,_Calvados" title="Canchy, Calvados">Canchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canteloup,_Calvados" title="Canteloup, Calvados">Canteloup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcagny" title="Carcagny">Carcagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardonville" title="Cardonville">Cardonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpiquet" title="Carpiquet">Carpiquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartigny-l%27%C3%89pinay" title="Cartigny-l'Épinay">Cartigny-l'Épinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Castelet" title="Le Castelet">Le Castelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castillon,_Calvados" title="Castillon, Calvados">Castillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castillon-en-Auge" title="Castillon-en-Auge">Castillon-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castine-en-Plaine" title="Castine-en-Plaine">Castine-en-Plaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caumont-sur-Aure" title="Caumont-sur-Aure">Caumont-sur-Aure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauvicourt" title="Cauvicourt">Cauvicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauville" title="Cauville">Cauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cernay,_Calvados" title="Cernay, Calvados">Cernay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesny-aux-Vignes" title="Cesny-aux-Vignes">Cesny-aux-Vignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesny-les-Sources" title="Cesny-les-Sources">Cesny-les-Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouain" title="Chouain">Chouain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cintheaux" title="Cintheaux">Cintheaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarbec" title="Clarbec">Clarbec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9cy" title="Clécy">Clécy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ville,_Calvados" title="Cléville, Calvados">Cléville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleville-Montgomery" title="Colleville-Montgomery">Colleville-Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleville-sur-Mer" title="Colleville-sur-Mer">Colleville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombelles" title="Colombelles">Colombelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombi%C3%A8res" title="Colombières">Colombières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombiers-sur-Seulles" title="Colombiers-sur-Seulles">Colombiers-sur-Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colomby-Anguerny" title="Colomby-Anguerny">Colomby-Anguerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combray" title="Combray">Combray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commes" title="Commes">Commes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-en-Normandie" title="Condé-en-Normandie">Condé-en-Normandie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-sur-Ifs" title="Condé-sur-Ifs">Condé-sur-Ifs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-sur-Seulles" title="Condé-sur-Seulles">Condé-sur-Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coquainvilliers" title="Coquainvilliers">Coquainvilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordebugle" title="Cordebugle">Cordebugle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordey" title="Cordey">Cordey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormelles-le-Royal" title="Cormelles-le-Royal">Cormelles-le-Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormolain" title="Cormolain">Cormolain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossesseville" title="Cossesseville">Cossesseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottun" title="Cottun">Cottun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcy,_Calvados" title="Courcy, Calvados">Courcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courseulles-sur-Mer" title="Courseulles-sur-Mer">Courseulles-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtonne-la-Meurdrac" title="Courtonne-la-Meurdrac">Courtonne-la-Meurdrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtonne-les-Deux-%C3%89glises" title="Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises">Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courvaudon" title="Courvaudon">Courvaudon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9pon" title="Crépon">Crépon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresserons" title="Cresserons">Cresserons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresseveuille" title="Cresseveuille">Cresseveuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creully_sur_Seulles" title="Creully sur Seulles">Creully sur Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricqueb%C5%93uf" title="Cricquebœuf">Cricquebœuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricqueville-en-Auge" title="Cricqueville-en-Auge">Cricqueville-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricqueville-en-Bessin" title="Cricqueville-en-Bessin">Cricqueville-en-Bessin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristot" title="Cristot">Cristot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocy" title="Crocy">Crocy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croisilles,_Calvados" title="Croisilles, Calvados">Croisilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crouay" title="Crouay">Crouay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culey-le-Patry" title="Culey-le-Patry">Culey-le-Patry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cussy" title="Cussy">Cussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuverville,_Calvados" title="Cuverville, Calvados">Cuverville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damblainville" title="Damblainville">Damblainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danestal" title="Danestal">Danestal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deauville" title="Deauville">Deauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9mouville" title="Démouville">Démouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_D%C3%A9troit" title="Le Détroit">Le Détroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deux-Jumeaux" title="Deux-Jumeaux">Deux-Jumeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialan_sur_Cha%C3%AEne" title="Dialan sur Chaîne">Dialan sur Chaîne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dives-sur-Mer" title="Dives-sur-Mer">Dives-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnay,_Calvados" title="Donnay, Calvados">Donnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douville-en-Auge" title="Douville-en-Auge">Douville-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douvres-la-D%C3%A9livrande" title="Douvres-la-Délivrande">Douvres-la-Délivrande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dozul%C3%A9" title="Dozulé">Dozulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drubec" title="Drubec">Drubec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducy-Sainte-Marguerite" title="Ducy-Sainte-Marguerite">Ducy-Sainte-Marguerite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellon,_Calvados" title="Ellon, Calvados">Ellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mi%C3%A9ville" title="Émiéville">Émiéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englesqueville-en-Auge" title="Englesqueville-en-Auge">Englesqueville-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englesqueville-la-Perc%C3%A9e" title="Englesqueville-la-Percée">Englesqueville-la-Percée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89paney" title="Épaney">Épaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinay-sur-Odon" title="Épinay-sur-Odon">Épinay-sur-Odon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pron" title="Épron">Épron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quemauville" title="Équemauville">Équemauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eraines" title="Eraines">Eraines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernes" title="Ernes">Ernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escoville" title="Escoville">Escoville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espins" title="Espins">Espins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquay-Notre-Dame" title="Esquay-Notre-Dame">Esquay-Notre-Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquay-sur-Seulles" title="Esquay-sur-Seulles">Esquay-sur-Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esson,_Calvados" title="Esson, Calvados">Esson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estr%C3%A9es-la-Campagne" title="Estrées-la-Campagne">Estrées-la-Campagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89terville" title="Éterville">Éterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tr%C3%A9ham" title="Étréham">Étréham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vrecy" title="Évrecy">Évrecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falaise,_Calvados" title="Falaise, Calvados">Falaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauguernon" title="Fauguernon">Fauguernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faulq" title="Le Faulq">Le Faulq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feuguerolles-Bully" title="Feuguerolles-Bully">Feuguerolles-Bully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fierville-les-Parcs" title="Fierville-les-Parcs">Fierville-les-Parcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firfol" title="Firfol">Firfol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleury-sur-Orne" title="Fleury-sur-Orne">Fleury-sur-Orne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Folie" title="La Folie">La Folie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Folleti%C3%A8re-Abenon" title="La Folletière-Abenon">La Folletière-Abenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-%C3%89toupefour" title="Fontaine-Étoupefour">Fontaine-Étoupefour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-Henry" title="Fontaine-Henry">Fontaine-Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-le-Pin" title="Fontaine-le-Pin">Fontaine-le-Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenay-le-Marmion" title="Fontenay-le-Marmion">Fontenay-le-Marmion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenay-le-Pesnel" title="Fontenay-le-Pesnel">Fontenay-le-Pesnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formentin" title="Formentin">Formentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formigny_La_Bataille" title="Formigny La Bataille">Formigny La Bataille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foulognes" title="Foulognes">Foulognes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourches" title="Fourches">Fourches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourneaux-le-Val" title="Fourneaux-le-Val">Fourneaux-le-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Fournet" title="Le Fournet">Le Fournet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourneville" title="Fourneville">Fourneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9nouville" title="Frénouville">Frénouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Fresne-Camilly" title="Le Fresne-Camilly">Le Fresne-Camilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresn%C3%A9-la-M%C3%A8re" title="Fresné-la-Mère">Fresné-la-Mère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresney-le-Puceux" title="Fresney-le-Puceux">Fresney-le-Puceux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresney-le-Vieux" title="Fresney-le-Vieux">Fresney-le-Vieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fumichon" title="Fumichon">Fumichon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavrus" title="Gavrus">Gavrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9fosse-Fontenay" title="Géfosse-Fontenay">Géfosse-Fontenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genneville" title="Genneville">Genneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrots" title="Gerrots">Gerrots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giberville" title="Giberville">Giberville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glanville,_Calvados" title="Glanville, Calvados">Glanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glos" title="Glos">Glos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonneville-en-Auge" title="Gonneville-en-Auge">Gonneville-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonneville-sur-Honfleur" title="Gonneville-sur-Honfleur">Gonneville-sur-Honfleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonneville-sur-Mer" title="Gonneville-sur-Mer">Gonneville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goustranville" title="Goustranville">Goustranville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouvix" title="Gouvix">Gouvix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grainville-Langannerie" title="Grainville-Langannerie">Grainville-Langannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grainville-sur-Odon" title="Grainville-sur-Odon">Grainville-sur-Odon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandcamp-Maisy" title="Grandcamp-Maisy">Grandcamp-Maisy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grangues" title="Grangues">Grangues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graye-sur-Mer" title="Graye-sur-Mer">Graye-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grentheville" title="Grentheville">Grentheville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimbosq" title="Grimbosq">Grimbosq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ron" title="Guéron">Guéron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanville-sur-Mer" title="Hermanville-sur-Mer">Hermanville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermival-les-Vaux" title="Hermival-les-Vaux">Hermival-les-Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rouville-Saint-Clair" title="Hérouville-Saint-Clair">Hérouville-Saint-Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rouvillette" title="Hérouvillette">Hérouvillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuland" title="Heuland">Heuland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Hoguette" title="La Hoguette">La Hoguette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honfleur" title="Honfleur">Honfleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27H%C3%B4tellerie" title="L'Hôtellerie">L'Hôtellerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotot-en-Auge" title="Hotot-en-Auge">Hotot-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hottot-les-Bagues" title="Hottot-les-Bagues">Hottot-les-Bagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Houblonni%C3%A8re" title="La Houblonnière">La Houblonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houlgate" title="Houlgate">Houlgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifs,_Calvados" title="Ifs, Calvados">Ifs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isigny-sur-Mer" title="Isigny-sur-Mer">Isigny-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Isles-Bardel" title="Les Isles-Bardel">Les Isles-Bardel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janville,_Calvados" title="Janville, Calvados">Janville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jort" title="Jort">Jort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juaye-Mondaye" title="Juaye-Mondaye">Juaye-Mondaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvigny-sur-Seulles" title="Juvigny-sur-Seulles">Juvigny-sur-Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laize-Clinchamps" title="Laize-Clinchamps">Laize-Clinchamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landelles-et-Coupigny" title="Landelles-et-Coupigny">Landelles-et-Coupigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landes-sur-Ajon" title="Landes-sur-Ajon">Landes-sur-Ajon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langrune-sur-Mer" title="Langrune-sur-Mer">Langrune-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9aupartie" title="Léaupartie">Léaupartie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leffard" title="Leffard">Leffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lessard-et-le-Ch%C3%AAne" title="Lessard-et-le-Chêne">Lessard-et-le-Chêne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ling%C3%A8vres" title="Lingèvres">Lingèvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion-sur-Mer" title="Lion-sur-Mer">Lion-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisieux" title="Lisieux">Lisieux</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lison" title="Lison">Lison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisores" title="Lisores">Lisores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litteau" title="Litteau">Litteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livarot-Pays-d%27Auge" title="Livarot-Pays-d'Auge">Livarot-Pays-d'Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Loges,_Calvados" title="Les Loges, Calvados">Les Loges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Loges-Saulces" title="Les Loges-Saulces">Les Loges-Saulces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longues-sur-Mer" title="Longues-sur-Mer">Longues-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueville,_Calvados" title="Longueville, Calvados">Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longvillers" title="Longvillers">Longvillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loucelles" title="Loucelles">Loucelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvagny" title="Louvagny">Louvagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvigny,_Calvados" title="Louvigny, Calvados">Louvigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc-sur-Mer" title="Luc-sur-Mer">Luc-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magny-en-Bessin" title="Magny-en-Bessin">Magny-en-Bessin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisoncelles-Pelvey" title="Maisoncelles-Pelvey">Maisoncelles-Pelvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisoncelles-sur-Ajon" title="Maisoncelles-sur-Ajon">Maisoncelles-sur-Ajon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisons,_Calvados" title="Maisons, Calvados">Maisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizet" title="Maizet">Maizet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizi%C3%A8res,_Calvados" title="Maizières, Calvados">Maizières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malherbe-sur-Ajon" title="Malherbe-sur-Ajon">Malherbe-sur-Ajon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltot" title="Maltot">Maltot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandeville-en-Bessin" title="Mandeville-en-Bessin">Mandeville-en-Bessin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manerbe" title="Manerbe">Manerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manneville-la-Pipard" title="Manneville-la-Pipard">Manneville-la-Pipard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Manoir,_Calvados" title="Le Manoir, Calvados">Le Manoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manvieux" title="Manvieux">Manvieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Marais-la-Chapelle" title="Le Marais-la-Chapelle">Le Marais-la-Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marolles,_Calvados" title="Marolles, Calvados">Marolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martainville,_Calvados" title="Martainville, Calvados">Martainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martigny-sur-l%27Ante" title="Martigny-sur-l'Ante">Martigny-sur-l'Ante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathieu,_Calvados" title="Mathieu, Calvados">Mathieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May-sur-Orne" title="May-sur-Orne">May-sur-Orne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merville-Franceville-Plage" title="Merville-Franceville-Plage">Merville-Franceville-Plage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ry-Bissi%C3%A8res-en-Auge" title="Méry-Bissières-en-Auge">Méry-Bissières-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meslay,_Calvados" title="Meslay, Calvados">Meslay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-au-Grain" title="Le Mesnil-au-Grain">Le Mesnil-au-Grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-Eudes" title="Le Mesnil-Eudes">Le Mesnil-Eudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-Guillaume" title="Le Mesnil-Guillaume">Le Mesnil-Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-Robert" title="Le Mesnil-Robert">Le Mesnil-Robert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-Simon,_Calvados" title="Le Mesnil-Simon, Calvados">Le Mesnil-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-sur-Blangy" title="Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy">Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-Villement" title="Le Mesnil-Villement">Le Mesnil-Villement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuvaines" title="Meuvaines">Meuvaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9zidon_Vall%C3%A9e_d%27Auge" title="Mézidon Vallée d'Auge">Mézidon Vallée d'Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Molay-Littry" title="Le Molay-Littry">Le Molay-Littry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Monceaux" title="Les Monceaux">Les Monceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monceaux-en-Bessin" title="Monceaux-en-Bessin">Monceaux-en-Bessin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondeville,_Calvados" title="Mondeville, Calvados">Mondeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondrainville" title="Mondrainville">Mondrainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monfr%C3%A9ville" title="Monfréville">Monfréville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfiquet" title="Montfiquet">Montfiquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny,_Calvados" title="Montigny, Calvados">Montigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montilli%C3%A8res-sur-Orne" title="Montillières-sur-Orne">Montillières-sur-Orne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil-en-Auge" title="Montreuil-en-Auge">Montreuil-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monts-en-Bessin" title="Monts-en-Bessin">Monts-en-Bessin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Monts_d%27Aunay" title="Les Monts d'Aunay">Les Monts d'Aunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morteaux-Coulib%C5%93uf" title="Morteaux-Coulibœuf">Morteaux-Coulibœuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosles" title="Mosles">Mosles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouen" title="Mouen">Mouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulines,_Calvados" title="Moulines, Calvados">Moulines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins_en_Bessin" title="Moulins en Bessin">Moulins en Bessin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moult-Chicheboville" title="Moult-Chicheboville">Moult-Chicheboville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Moutiers-en-Auge" title="Les Moutiers-en-Auge">Les Moutiers-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Moutiers-en-Cinglais" title="Les Moutiers-en-Cinglais">Les Moutiers-en-Cinglais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyaux" title="Moyaux">Moyaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutr%C3%A9cy" title="Mutrécy">Mutrécy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonant" title="Nonant">Nonant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norolles" title="Norolles">Norolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noron-l%27Abbaye" title="Noron-l'Abbaye">Noron-l'Abbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noron-la-Poterie" title="Noron-la-Poterie">Noron-la-Poterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norrey-en-Auge" title="Norrey-en-Auge">Norrey-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Livaye" title="Notre-Dame-de-Livaye">Notre-Dame-de-Livaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-d%27Estr%C3%A9es-Corbon" title="Notre-Dame-d'Estrées-Corbon">Notre-Dame-d'Estrées-Corbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noues_de_Sienne" title="Noues de Sienne">Noues de Sienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olendon" title="Olendon">Olendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbec" title="Orbec">Orbec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanville" title="Osmanville">Osmanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ou%C3%A9zy" title="Ouézy">Ouézy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouffi%C3%A8res" title="Ouffières">Ouffières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouilly-du-Houley" title="Ouilly-du-Houley">Ouilly-du-Houley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouilly-le-Tesson" title="Ouilly-le-Tesson">Ouilly-le-Tesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouilly-le-Vicomte" title="Ouilly-le-Vicomte">Ouilly-le-Vicomte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouistreham" title="Ouistreham">Ouistreham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parfouru-sur-Odon" title="Parfouru-sur-Odon">Parfouru-sur-Odon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennedepie" title="Pennedepie">Pennedepie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riers-en-Auge" title="Périers-en-Auge">Périers-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riers-sur-le-Dan" title="Périers-sur-le-Dan">Périers-sur-le-Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigny,_Calvados" title="Périgny, Calvados">Périgny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perri%C3%A8res" title="Perrières">Perrières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertheville-Ners" title="Pertheville-Ners">Pertheville-Ners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiville,_Calvados" title="Petiville, Calvados">Petiville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefitte-en-Auge" title="Pierrefitte-en-Auge">Pierrefitte-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefitte-en-Cinglais" title="Pierrefitte-en-Cinglais">Pierrefitte-en-Cinglais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrepont,_Calvados" title="Pierrepont, Calvados">Pierrepont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pin,_Calvados" title="Le Pin, Calvados">Le Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planquery" title="Planquery">Planquery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumetot" title="Plumetot">Plumetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Pommeraye,_Calvados" title="La Pommeraye, Calvados">La Pommeraye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Bellanger" title="Pont-Bellanger">Pont-Bellanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-d%27Ouilly" title="Pont-d'Ouilly">Pont-d'Ouilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont%C3%A9coulant" title="Pontécoulant">Pontécoulant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Farcy" title="Pont-Farcy">Pont-Farcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-l%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque,_Calvados" title="Pont-l'Évêque, Calvados">Pont-l'Évêque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-en-Bessin-Huppain" title="Port-en-Bessin-Huppain">Port-en-Bessin-Huppain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponts_sur_Seulles" title="Ponts sur Seulles">Ponts sur Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potigny" title="Potigny">Potigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9aux-Bocage" title="Préaux-Bocage">Préaux-Bocage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pr%C3%A9-d%27Auge" title="Le Pré-d'Auge">Le Pré-d'Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAtreville" title="Prêtreville">Prêtreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putot-en-Auge" title="Putot-en-Auge">Putot-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quetteville" title="Quetteville">Quetteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchy" title="Ranchy">Ranchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranville" title="Ranville">Ranville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapilly" title="Rapilly">Rapilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repentigny,_Calvados" title="Repentigny, Calvados">Repentigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reux" title="Reux">Reux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reviers" title="Reviers">Reviers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rivi%C3%A8re-Saint-Sauveur" title="La Rivière-Saint-Sauveur">La Rivière-Saint-Sauveur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roque-Baignard" title="La Roque-Baignard">La Roque-Baignard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocques" title="Rocques">Rocques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosel,_Calvados" title="Rosel, Calvados">Rosel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rots,_Calvados" title="Rots, Calvados">Rots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouvres,_Calvados" title="Rouvres, Calvados">Rouvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubercy" title="Rubercy">Rubercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumesnil" title="Rumesnil">Rumesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryes" title="Ryes">Ryes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-d%27H%C3%A9bertot" title="Saint-André-d'Hébertot">Saint-André-d'Hébertot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-sur-Orne" title="Saint-André-sur-Orne">Saint-André-sur-Orne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Arnoult,_Calvados" title="Saint-Arnoult, Calvados">Saint-Arnoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-d%27Arquenay" title="Saint-Aubin-d'Arquenay">Saint-Aubin-d'Arquenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-des-Bois,_Calvados" title="Saint-Aubin-des-Bois, Calvados">Saint-Aubin-des-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer,_Calvados" title="Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, Calvados">Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-d%27H%C3%A9bertot" title="Saint-Benoît-d'Hébertot">Saint-Benoît-d'Hébertot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-C%C3%B4me-de-Fresn%C3%A9" title="Saint-Côme-de-Fresné">Saint-Côme-de-Fresné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Contest" title="Saint-Contest">Saint-Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-de-Mailloc" title="Saint-Denis-de-Mailloc">Saint-Denis-de-Mailloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-de-M%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Saint-Denis-de-Méré">Saint-Denis-de-Méré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-D%C3%A9sir" title="Saint-Désir">Saint-Désir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Croix-sur-Mer" title="Sainte-Croix-sur-Mer">Sainte-Croix-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Honorine-de-Ducy" title="Sainte-Honorine-de-Ducy">Sainte-Honorine-de-Ducy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Honorine-du-Fay" title="Sainte-Honorine-du-Fay">Sainte-Honorine-du-Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marguerite-d%27Elle" title="Sainte-Marguerite-d'Elle">Sainte-Marguerite-d'Elle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie-Outre-l%27Eau" title="Sainte-Marie-Outre-l'Eau">Sainte-Marie-Outre-l'Eau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-la-Thillaye" title="Saint-Étienne-la-Thillaye">Saint-Étienne-la-Thillaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gatien-des-Bois" title="Saint-Gatien-des-Bois">Saint-Gatien-des-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-de-Livet" title="Saint-Germain-de-Livet">Saint-Germain-de-Livet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-du-Pert" title="Saint-Germain-du-Pert">Saint-Germain-du-Pert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe" title="Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe">Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-Langot" title="Saint-Germain-Langot">Saint-Germain-Langot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-le-Vasson" title="Saint-Germain-le-Vasson">Saint-Germain-le-Vasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hymer" title="Saint-Hymer">Saint-Hymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Livet" title="Saint-Jean-de-Livet">Saint-Jean-de-Livet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jouin" title="Saint-Jouin">Saint-Jouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-sur-Calonne" title="Saint-Julien-sur-Calonne">Saint-Julien-sur-Calonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Lambert,_Calvados" title="Saint-Lambert, Calvados">Saint-Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-de-Condel" title="Saint-Laurent-de-Condel">Saint-Laurent-de-Condel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer" title="Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer">Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9ger-Dubosq" title="Saint-Léger-Dubosq">Saint-Léger-Dubosq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louet-sur-Seulles" title="Saint-Louet-sur-Seulles">Saint-Louet-sur-Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup-Hors" title="Saint-Loup-Hors">Saint-Loup-Hors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Manvieu-Norrey" title="Saint-Manvieu-Norrey">Saint-Manvieu-Norrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Marcouf,_Calvados" title="Saint-Marcouf, Calvados">Saint-Marcouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-aux-Chartrains" title="Saint-Martin-aux-Chartrains">Saint-Martin-aux-Chartrains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Bienfaite-la-Cressonni%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Martin-de-Bienfaite-la-Cressonnière">Saint-Martin-de-Bienfaite-la-Cressonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Blagny" title="Saint-Martin-de-Blagny">Saint-Martin-de-Blagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Fontenay" title="Saint-Martin-de-Fontenay">Saint-Martin-de-Fontenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-la-Lieue" title="Saint-Martin-de-la-Lieue">Saint-Martin-de-la-Lieue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Mailloc" title="Saint-Martin-de-Mailloc">Saint-Martin-de-Mailloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Mieux" title="Saint-Martin-de-Mieux">Saint-Martin-de-Mieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-des-Entr%C3%A9es" title="Saint-Martin-des-Entrées">Saint-Martin-des-Entrées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Omer,_Calvados" title="Saint-Omer, Calvados">Saint-Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-du-Mesnil-Oger" title="Saint-Ouen-du-Mesnil-Oger">Saint-Ouen-du-Mesnil-Oger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-le-Pin" title="Saint-Ouen-le-Pin">Saint-Ouen-le-Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pair" title="Saint-Pair">Saint-Pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-du-Vernay" title="Saint-Paul-du-Vernay">Saint-Paul-du-Vernay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Philbert-des-Champs" title="Saint-Philbert-des-Champs">Saint-Philbert-des-Champs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-Azif" title="Saint-Pierre-Azif">Saint-Pierre-Azif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-Canivet" title="Saint-Pierre-Canivet">Saint-Pierre-Canivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-des-Ifs,_Calvados" title="Saint-Pierre-des-Ifs, Calvados">Saint-Pierre-des-Ifs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-du-B%C3%BB" title="Saint-Pierre-du-Bû">Saint-Pierre-du-Bû</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-du-Fresne" title="Saint-Pierre-du-Fresne">Saint-Pierre-du-Fresne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-du-Jonquet" title="Saint-Pierre-du-Jonquet">Saint-Pierre-du-Jonquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-du-Mont,_Calvados" title="Saint-Pierre-du-Mont, Calvados">Saint-Pierre-du-Mont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-en-Auge" title="Saint-Pierre-en-Auge">Saint-Pierre-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my,_Calvados" title="Saint-Rémy, Calvados">Saint-Rémy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Samson,_Calvados" title="Saint-Samson, Calvados">Saint-Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sylvain,_Calvados" title="Saint-Sylvain, Calvados">Saint-Sylvain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vaast-en-Auge" title="Saint-Vaast-en-Auge">Saint-Vaast-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vaast-sur-Seulles" title="Saint-Vaast-sur-Seulles">Saint-Vaast-sur-Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vigor-le-Grand" title="Saint-Vigor-le-Grand">Saint-Vigor-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallen" title="Sallen">Sallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallenelles" title="Sallenelles">Sallenelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannerville" title="Sannerville">Sannerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saon" title="Saon">Saon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saonnet" title="Saonnet">Saonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassy,_Calvados" title="Sassy, Calvados">Sassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seulline" title="Seulline">Seulline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soignolles" title="Soignolles">Soignolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soliers" title="Soliers">Soliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommervieu" title="Sommervieu">Sommervieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulangy" title="Soulangy">Soulangy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souleuvre_en_Bocage" title="Souleuvre en Bocage">Souleuvre en Bocage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soumont-Saint-Quentin" title="Soumont-Saint-Quentin">Soumont-Saint-Quentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subles" title="Subles">Subles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sully,_Calvados" title="Sully, Calvados">Sully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrain" title="Surrain">Surrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surville,_Calvados" title="Surville, Calvados">Surville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terres_de_Druance" title="Terres de Druance">Terres de Druance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessel" title="Tessel">Tessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaon" title="Thaon">Thaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Theil-en-Auge" title="Le Theil-en-Auge">Le Theil-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thue_et_Mue" title="Thue et Mue">Thue et Mue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thury-Harcourt-le-Hom" title="Thury-Harcourt-le-Hom">Thury-Harcourt-le-Hom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilly-sur-Seulles" title="Tilly-sur-Seulles">Tilly-sur-Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Torquesne" title="Le Torquesne">Le Torquesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touffr%C3%A9ville" title="Touffréville">Touffréville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touques,_Calvados" title="Touques, Calvados">Touques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour-en-Bessin" title="Tour-en-Bessin">Tour-en-Bessin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourg%C3%A9ville" title="Tourgéville">Tourgéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourni%C3%A8res" title="Tournières">Tournières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourville-en-Auge" title="Tourville-en-Auge">Tourville-en-Auge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourville-sur-Odon" title="Tourville-sur-Odon">Tourville-sur-Odon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy-Bocage" title="Tracy-Bocage">Tracy-Bocage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy-sur-Mer" title="Tracy-sur-Mer">Tracy-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9prel" title="Tréprel">Tréprel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9vi%C3%A8res" title="Trévières">Trévières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troarn" title="Troarn">Troarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Tronquay,_Calvados" title="Le Tronquay, Calvados">Le Tronquay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trouville-sur-Mer" title="Trouville-sur-Mer">Trouville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trungy" title="Trungy">Trungy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urville,_Calvados" title="Urville, Calvados">Urville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ussy" title="Ussy">Ussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacognes-Neuilly" title="Vacognes-Neuilly">Vacognes-Neuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valambray" title="Valambray">Valambray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdalli%C3%A8re" title="Valdallière">Valdallière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Arry" title="Val d'Arry">Val d'Arry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_de_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Val de Drôme">Val de Drôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-de-Vie" title="Val-de-Vie">Val-de-Vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valorbiquet" title="Valorbiquet">Valorbiquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valsem%C3%A9" title="Valsemé">Valsemé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaville" title="Varaville">Varaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaucelles" title="Vaucelles">Vaucelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauville,_Calvados" title="Vauville, Calvados">Vauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaux-sur-Aure" title="Vaux-sur-Aure">Vaux-sur-Aure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaux-sur-Seulles" title="Vaux-sur-Seulles">Vaux-sur-Seulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendes" title="Vendes">Vendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendeuvre" title="Vendeuvre">Vendeuvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versainville" title="Versainville">Versainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verson" title="Verson">Verson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ver-sur-Mer" title="Ver-sur-Mer">Ver-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vespi%C3%A8re-Friardel" title="La Vespière-Friardel">La Vespière-Friardel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Vey" title="Le Vey">Le Vey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicques,_Calvados" title="Vicques, Calvados">Vicques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victot-Pontfol" title="Victot-Pontfol">Victot-Pontfol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienne-en-Bessin" title="Vienne-en-Bessin">Vienne-en-Bessin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vierville-sur-Mer" title="Vierville-sur-Mer">Vierville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux,_Calvados" title="Vieux, Calvados">Vieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Bourg" title="Vieux-Bourg">Vieux-Bourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignats" title="Vignats">Vignats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Bocage,_Calvados" title="Villers-Bocage, Calvados">Villers-Bocage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Canivet" title="Villers-Canivet">Villers-Canivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-sur-Mer" title="Villers-sur-Mer">Villers-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villerville" title="Villerville">Villerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Villette,_Calvados" title="La Villette, Calvados">La Villette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villons-les-Buissons" title="Villons-les-Buissons">Villons-les-Buissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villy-Bocage" title="Villy-Bocage">Villy-Bocage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villy-lez-Falaise" title="Villy-lez-Falaise">Villy-lez-Falaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimont,_Calvados" title="Vimont, Calvados">Vimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vire_Normandie" title="Vire Normandie">Vire Normandie</a><sup>subpr</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41185#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155931751">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1207313/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjhym9KgQpBhJ6YJMvJXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4009282-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80001213">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15247532q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15247532q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Caen (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge392262&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5089990">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/37719">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557241105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2adcddcc-34e3-4244-b5cc-352a95a9def7">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026362996">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045001">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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