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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="upgrade-insecure-requests" /> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /> <meta name="description" content="It is important to know which species occur in Canada to be able to protect them. The goal of this checklist is to identify all known species of flies in Canada. Results indicated that we have 9777 known species of flies in Canada, among 118 families. When considering all known species in Canada, flies represent about 12% of species, making them one of the most diverse groups. On average, each species of flies occurred in 3.2 regions (provinces or territories) in Canada. English and French common names were developed and standardized for all species. This checklist is a fundamental piece of work that will guide the assessment of the conservation status of those species.Il est important de conna&icirc;tre quelles esp&egrave;ces sont pr&eacute;sentes au Canada afin de pouvoir les prot&eacute;ger. Le but de cette liste est d&rsquo;identifier toutes les esp&egrave;ces connues de mouches au Canada. Les r&eacute;sultats indiquent que nous avons 9777 esp&egrave;ces connues de mouches au Canada, parmi 118 familles. En consid&eacute;rant toutes les esp&egrave;ces connues au Canada, les mouches repr&eacute;sentent environ 12% des esp&egrave;ces, en faisant l&rsquo;un des groupes les plus diversifi&eacute;s. En moyenne, chaque esp&egrave;ce de mouches se retrouvait dans 3,2 r&eacute;gions (provinces ou territoires) au Canada. Des noms communs en fran&ccedil;ais et en anglais ont &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s et normalis&eacute;s pour toutes les esp&egrave;ces. Cette liste repr&eacute;sente un travail fondamental qui aidera l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation du statut de conservation de ces esp&egrave;ces."/> <meta name="keywords" content="Diptera, Brachycera, Nematocera, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Labrador, Newfoundland, Canada"/> <meta name="author" content="R茅mi H茅bert, Morgan Jackson, Armin Namayandeh, Am茅lie Gr茅goire Taillefer, Khorshid Ghahari, Anna Solecki, Jade Savage, Joel Gibson, Julio Rivera, Rob Cannings, Art Borkent, Marjolaine Giroux, Christine Barrie, Joel H Kits"/> <meta name="distribution" content="global"/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, all"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ab.pensoft.net/showimg/d200x_1263359.jpg"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Checklist of the flies (Diptera) in Canada"/> <meta property="og:description" content="It is important to know which species occur in Canada to be able to protect them. The goal of this checklist is to identify all known species of flies in Canada. Results indicated that we have 9777 known species of flies in Canada, among 118 families. When considering all known species in Canada, flies represent about 12% of species, making them one of the most diverse groups. On average, each species of flies occurred in 3.2 regions (provinces or territories) in Canada. English and French common names were developed and standardized for all species. This checklist is a fundamental piece of work that will guide the assessment of the conservation status of those species.Il est important de conna&icirc;tre quelles esp&egrave;ces sont pr&eacute;sentes au Canada afin de pouvoir les prot&eacute;ger. Le but de cette liste est d&rsquo;identifier toutes les esp&egrave;ces connues de mouches au Canada. Les r&eacute;sultats indiquent que nous avons 9777 esp&egrave;ces connues de mouches au Canada, parmi 118 familles. En consid&eacute;rant toutes les esp&egrave;ces connues au Canada, les mouches repr&eacute;sentent environ 12% des esp&egrave;ces, en faisant l&rsquo;un des groupes les plus diversifi&eacute;s. En moyenne, chaque esp&egrave;ce de mouches se retrouvait dans 3,2 r&eacute;gions (provinces ou territoires) au Canada. Des noms communs en fran&ccedil;ais et en anglais ont &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s et normalis&eacute;s pour toutes les esp&egrave;ces. Cette liste repr&eacute;sente un travail fondamental qui aidera l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation du statut de conservation de ces esp&egrave;ces."/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1129013080805726"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ab.pensoft.net/article/151196/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Advanced Books"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Checklist of the flies (Diptera) in Canada"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="It is important to know which species occur in Canada to be able to protect them. The goal of this checklist is to identify all known species of flies in Canada. Results indicated that we have 9777 known species of flies in Canada, among 118 families. When considering all known species in Canada, flies represent about 12% of species, making them one of the most diverse groups. On average, each species of flies occurred in 3.2 regions (provinces or territories) in Canada. English and French common names were developed and standardized for all species. This checklist is a fundamental piece of work that will guide the assessment of the conservation status of those species.Il est important de conna&icirc;tre quelles esp&egrave;ces sont pr&eacute;sentes au Canada afin de pouvoir les prot&eacute;ger. Le but de cette liste est d&rsquo;identifier toutes les esp&egrave;ces connues de mouches au Canada. Les r&eacute;sultats indiquent que nous avons 9777 esp&egrave;ces connues de mouches au Canada, parmi 118 familles. En consid&eacute;rant toutes les esp&egrave;ces connues au Canada, les mouches repr&eacute;sentent environ 12% des esp&egrave;ces, en faisant l&rsquo;un des groupes les plus diversifi&eacute;s. En moyenne, chaque esp&egrave;ce de mouches se retrouvait dans 3,2 r&eacute;gions (provinces ou territoires) au Canada. Des noms communs en fran&ccedil;ais et en anglais ont &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s et normalis&eacute;s pour toutes les esp&egrave;ces. Cette liste repr&eacute;sente un travail fondamental qui aidera l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation du statut de conservation de ces esp&egrave;ces."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ab.pensoft.net/showimg/d200x_1263359.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://ab.pensoft.net/article/151196/"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Advanced Books"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Pensoft Publishers"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Checklist of the flies (Diptera) in Canada"/> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="It is important to know which species occur in Canada to be able to protect them. The goal of this checklist is to identify all known species of flies in Canada. Results indicated that we have 9777 known species of flies in Canada, among 118 families. When considering all known species in Canada, flies represent about 12% of species, making them one of the most diverse groups. On average, each species of flies occurred in 3.2 regions (provinces or territories) in Canada. English and French common names were developed and standardized for all species. This checklist is a fundamental piece of work that will guide the assessment of the conservation status of those species.Il est important de conna&icirc;tre quelles esp&egrave;ces sont pr&eacute;sentes au Canada afin de pouvoir les prot&eacute;ger. Le but de cette liste est d&rsquo;identifier toutes les esp&egrave;ces connues de mouches au Canada. Les r&eacute;sultats indiquent que nous avons 9777 esp&egrave;ces connues de mouches au Canada, parmi 118 familles. En consid&eacute;rant toutes les esp&egrave;ces connues au Canada, les mouches repr&eacute;sentent environ 12% des esp&egrave;ces, en faisant l&rsquo;un des groupes les plus diversifi&eacute;s. En moyenne, chaque esp&egrave;ce de mouches se retrouvait dans 3,2 r&eacute;gions (provinces ou territoires) au Canada. Des noms communs en fran&ccedil;ais et en anglais ont &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s et normalis&eacute;s pour toutes les esp&egrave;ces. Cette liste repr&eacute;sente un travail fondamental qui aidera l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation du statut de conservation de ces esp&egrave;ces."/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content=""/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="e151196"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content=""/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3897/ab.e151196"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content=""/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2025/03/07"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://ab.pensoft.net/article/151196/download/pdf/"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Checklist of the flies (Diptera) in Canada"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="Catalogue"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Advanced Books"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2025/03/07"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.3897/ab.e151196"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Pensoft Publishers"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content=""/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta 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"New Brunswick", "Nova Scotia", "Prince Edward Island", "Labrador", "Newfoundland", "Canada" ], "abstract": "It is important to know which species occur in Canada to be able to protect them. The goal of this checklist is to identify all known species of flies in Canada. Results indicated that we have 9777 known species of flies in Canada, among 118 families. When considering all known species in Canada, flies represent about 12% of species, making them one of the most diverse groups. On average, each species of flies occurred in 3.2 regions (provinces or territories) in Canada. English and French common names were developed and standardized for all species. This checklist is a fundamental piece of work that will guide the assessment of the conservation status of those species.Il est important de connaître quelles espèces sont présentes au Canada afin de pouvoir les protéger. Le but de cette liste est d’identifier toutes les espèces connues de mouches au Canada. Les résultats indiquent que nous avons 9777 espèces connues de mouches au Canada, parmi 118 familles. En considérant toutes les espèces connues au Canada, les mouches représentent environ 12% des espèces, en faisant l’un des groupes les plus diversifiés. En moyenne, chaque espèce de mouches se retrouvait dans 3,2 régions (provinces ou territoires) au Canada. Des noms communs en français et en anglais ont été développés et normalisés pour toutes les espèces. Cette liste représente un travail fondamental qui aidera l’évaluation du statut de conservation de ces espèces.", "image": "https://ab.pensoft.net//img/7TVeXpoqfNYT89tyrm3ifrTeG9Wv8P676JSQp/H2pj9hhtoybol4GF7LAr3pPRTSvhlgLZmc494fY9lmYBWVAgjHGPh6bYRRXs9y.jpg", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "https://registry.identifiers.org/registry/doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3897/ab.e151196", "value": "10.3897/ab.e151196" }, "sameAs": "https://doi.org/10.3897/ab.e151196", "offers": { "@type": "Offer", "price": null, "priceCurrency": "EUR", "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock", "description": "Order Printed version" }, "associatedMedia": [ { "@type": "DataDownload", "contentUrl": "https://ab.pensoft.net/article/151196/download/pdf", "description": "Checklist of the flies (Diptera) in Canada PDF download" } ], "publisher": { "@identifier": "https://oceanexpert.org/institution/24685", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Pensoft Publishers", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://pensoft.net/new_images/pensoft_logo.svg" } }, "creditText": [ "H\u00e9bert R, Jackson M, Namayandeh A, Taillefer AG, Ghahari K, Solecki A, Savage J, Gibson J, Rivera J, Cannings R, Borkent A, Giroux M, Barrie C, Kits JH (2025) Checklist of the flies (Diptera) in Canada. Advanced Books. https://doi.org/10.3897/ab.e151196" ], "articleSection": [ "Catalogues and Checklists" ], "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "R\u00e9mi H\u00e9bert" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Morgan Jackson" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Armin Namayandeh" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Am\u00e9lie Gr\u00e9goire Taillefer" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Khorshid Ghahari" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Anna Solecki" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Jade Savage" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Joel Gibson" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Julio Rivera" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Rob Cannings" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Art Borkent" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Marjolaine Giroux" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Christine Barrie" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Joel H Kits" } ], "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://ab.pensoft.net/article/151196" } }</script> <script type="text/javascript">SetArticleId(151196);</script> <script type="text/javascript">SetArticlePreviewLang('en', 'en');</script>  <div class="Main-Content"> <div class="P-Article-Content-Wrapper"> <div id="article-head" class="no-annotations"> <div class="row middle-xs between-xs m0"> <div> <div class="PaperType bra">Catalogue</div> <div id="article-id"> Advanced Books <br/> <a class="article-id-doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3897/ab.e151196">https://doi.org/10.3897/ab.e151196</a> (07 Mar 2025) </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md end-xs" style="padding: 0px;"> <div class="P-Article-Type-Holder"> <div class="P-Article-Previous-Versions"> <div class="P-Article-Versions-Title">Other versions:</div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="float:right" id="info_menu-id" onClick="showInfoBar();" class="icon-mobile-menu"></div> </div> </div> <div id="article-preview"> <iframe onload="onIframeLoadHandler();" data-showpdf="true" src="article_preview.php?id=151196" enable-annotation="" id="articleIframe" name="articleIframe" style="height: 1px;"></iframe> <div class="P-Article-Preview-Pdf"> <iframe allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen src="/pdfviewer/151196/" width="100%" class="pdf-preview-holder"> This browser does not support PDFs. 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href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Am\u00e9lie Gr\u00e9goire+Taillefer\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Taillefer%20Am\u00e9lie Gr\u00e9goire[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3AAm\u00e9lie Gr\u00e9goire+Taillefer&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Single-Author-Preview\" data-author-id=\"258916\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Pic\"><img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ab.pensoft.net\/i\/author_icon.svg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"orcid-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scopus-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researcher-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researchgate-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"AOF-Author-Email\" >Khorshid Ghahari <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-Corr\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Affiliation\"><div>University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Site\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-more\">Articles by this author in: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Khorshid+Ghahari\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Ghahari%20Khorshid[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3AKhorshid+Ghahari&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Single-Author-Preview\" data-author-id=\"23324\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Pic\"><img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ab.pensoft.net\/i\/author_icon.svg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"orcid-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scopus-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researcher-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researchgate-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"AOF-Author-Email\" >Anna Solecki <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-Corr\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Affiliation\"><div>Unaffiliated, Guelph, Canada<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Site\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-more\">Articles by this author in: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Anna+Solecki\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Solecki%20Anna[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3AAnna+Solecki&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Single-Author-Preview\" data-author-id=\"3498\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Pic\"><img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ab.pensoft.net\/i\/author_icon.svg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"orcid-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scopus-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researcher-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researchgate-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"AOF-Author-Email\" >Jade Savage <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-Corr\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Affiliation\"><div>Bishop's University, Canada<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Site\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-more\">Articles by this author in: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Jade+Savage\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Savage%20Jade[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3AJade+Savage&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Single-Author-Preview\" data-author-id=\"25961\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Pic\"><img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ab.pensoft.net\/i\/author_icon.svg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"orcid-link\"><a title=\"ORCID ID\" class=\"inline-orcid \" href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7786-0066\" target=\"_blank\">   <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scopus-link\"><a title=\"ScopusID\" class=\"inline-scopus \" href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/authid\/detail.uri?authorId=35793518900\" target=\"_blank\">   <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researcher-id-link\"><a title=\"Web of Science ResearcherID\" class=\"inline-researcher-id \" href=\"https:\/\/publons.com\/researcher\/A-7051-2013\/\" target=\"_blank\">   <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researchgate-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"AOF-Author-Email\" >Joel Gibson <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-Corr\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Affiliation\"><div>Royal BC Museum, Victoria, Canada<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Site\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-more\">Articles by this author in: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Joel+Gibson\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Gibson%20Joel[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3AJoel+Gibson&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Single-Author-Preview\" data-author-id=\"13261\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Pic\"><img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ab.pensoft.net\/\/showimg\/authors1_1184682.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"orcid-link\"><a title=\"ORCID ID\" class=\"inline-orcid \" href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8497-3042\" target=\"_blank\">   <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scopus-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researcher-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researchgate-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"AOF-Author-Email\" >Julio Rivera <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-Corr\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Affiliation\"><div>Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Site\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-more\">Articles by this author in: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Julio+Rivera\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Rivera%20Julio[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3AJulio+Rivera&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Single-Author-Preview\" data-author-id=\"258918\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Pic\"><img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ab.pensoft.net\/i\/author_icon.svg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"orcid-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scopus-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researcher-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researchgate-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"AOF-Author-Email\" >Rob Cannings <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-Corr\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Affiliation\"><div>Royal BC Museum, Victoria, Canada<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Site\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-more\">Articles by this author in: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Rob+Cannings\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Cannings%20Rob[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3ARob+Cannings&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Single-Author-Preview\" data-author-id=\"5470\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Pic\"><img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ab.pensoft.net\/\/showimg\/authors1_66835.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"orcid-link\"><a title=\"ORCID ID\" class=\"inline-orcid \" href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5439-8793\" target=\"_blank\">   <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scopus-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researcher-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researchgate-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"AOF-Author-Email\" >Art Borkent <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-Corr\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Affiliation\"><div>691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, British Columbia, Salmon Arm, Canada<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Site\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-more\">Articles by this author in: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Art+Borkent\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Borkent%20Art[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3AArt+Borkent&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Single-Author-Preview\" data-author-id=\"100720\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Pic\"><img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ab.pensoft.net\/i\/author_icon.svg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"orcid-link\"><a title=\"ORCID ID\" class=\"inline-orcid \" href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9799-9708\" target=\"_blank\">   <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scopus-link\"><a title=\"ScopusID\" class=\"inline-scopus \" href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/authid\/detail.uri?authorId=23492076700\" target=\"_blank\">   <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researcher-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researchgate-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"AOF-Author-Email\" >Marjolaine Giroux <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-Corr\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Affiliation\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Site\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-more\">Articles by this author in: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Marjolaine+Giroux\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Giroux%20Marjolaine[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3AMarjolaine+Giroux&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Single-Author-Preview\" data-author-id=\"258919\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Pic\"><img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ab.pensoft.net\/i\/author_icon.svg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"orcid-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scopus-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researcher-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researchgate-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"AOF-Author-Email\" >Christine Barrie <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-Corr\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Affiliation\"><div>Unaffiliated, Quebec, Canada<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Site\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-more\">Articles by this author in: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Christine+Barrie\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Barrie%20Christine[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3AChristine+Barrie&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Single-Author-Preview\" data-author-id=\"54192\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Pic\"><img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ab.pensoft.net\/i\/author_icon.svg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"orcid-link\"><a title=\"ORCID ID\" class=\"inline-orcid \" href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2685-0567\" target=\"_blank\">   <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"scopus-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researcher-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"researchgate-id-link\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"AOF-Author-Email\" >Joel H Kits <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-Corr\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Affiliation\"><div>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-Site\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"AOF-Author-more\">Articles by this author in: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/search.crossref.org\/?q=Joel H+Kits\">CrossRef<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Kits%20Joel H[au]&dispmax=50\">PubMed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/span> | \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"AOF-Author-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&view_op=search_authors&mauthors=%22author%3AJoel H+Kits&btnG=\">Google Scholar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Clear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"conflict_of_interest\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"P-Part-Label2\">Conflict of interest<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe authors have declared that no competing interests exist.\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"copyrights\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThis is an open access book distributed under the terms of the <a border=\"0\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, 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