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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">X/Open</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="X/Open" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>X/Open</b> group (also known as the <b>Open Group for Unix Systems</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and incorporated in 1987 as <b>X/Open Company, Ltd.</b><sup id="cite_ref-dgp_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dgp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ial_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ial-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a <a href="/wiki/Consortium" title="Consortium">consortium</a> founded by several European <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a> systems manufacturers in 1984<sup id="cite_ref-dgp_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dgp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unixorghist_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unixorghist-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to identify and promote <a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">open standards</a> in the field of <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>. More specifically, the original aim was to define a single specification for <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> derived from UNIX, to increase the interoperability of applications and reduce the cost of porting software. Its original members were <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Bull" title="Groupe Bull">Bull</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Computers_Limited" title="International Computers Limited">ICL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens AG">Siemens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olivetti" title="Olivetti">Olivetti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nixdorf_Computer_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixdorf Computer AG">Nixdorf</a>—a group sometimes referred to as <b>BISON</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-ausugn_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ausugn-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> joined in 1985,<sup id="cite_ref-ausugn_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ausugn-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at which point the name X/Open was adopted. </p><p>The group published its specifications as <a href="#X/Open_Portability_Guide">X/Open Portability Guide</a>, starting with Issue 1 in 1985, and later as <i>X/Open CAE Specification</i>. </p><p>In 1987, X/Open was incorporated as X/Open Company, Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-dgp_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dgp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ial_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ial-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By March 1988, X/Open grew to 13 members: <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation" title="AT&T Corporation">AT&T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a>, <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR</a>, Olivetti, Bull, Ericsson, Nixdorf, Philips, ICL, and Siemens.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1990 the group had expanded to 21 members:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to the original five, <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> from Europe; AT&T, Digital, Unisys, Hewlett-Packard, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, NCR, Sun, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Computer" title="Prime Computer">Prime Computer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Computer" title="Apollo Computer">Apollo Computer</a> from North America; <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitachi,_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Hitachi, Ltd.">Hitachi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a> from Japan; plus the <a href="/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation" title="Open Software Foundation">Open Software Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix_International" title="Unix International">Unix International</a>. </p><p>In October 1993, a planned transfer of UNIX trademark from Novell to X/Open was announced;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was finalized in 2nd quarter of 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, X/Open published the <a href="/wiki/Single_UNIX_Specification" title="Single UNIX Specification">Single UNIX Specification</a>, which was drawn from XPG4 Base and other sources.<sup id="cite_ref-unixorgsus_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unixorgsus-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, X/Open merged with the <a href="/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation" title="Open Software Foundation">Open Software Foundation</a> to form <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Group" title="The Open Group">The Open Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unixorghist_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unixorghist-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dgp_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dgp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>X/Open was also responsible for the <a href="/wiki/X/Open_XA" title="X/Open XA">XA protocol</a> for heterogeneous distributed transaction processing, which was released in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="X/Open_Portability_Guide"><span id="X.2FOpen_Portability_Guide"></span>X/Open Portability Guide</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: X/Open Portability Guide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>X/Open published its specifications under the name X/Open Portability Guide (or XPG). Based on the AT&T <a href="/wiki/System_V_Interface_Definition" title="System V Interface Definition">System V Interface Definition</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the guide has a wider scope than <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>, which is only concerned with direct operating system interfaces. The guide specifies a <i>Common Application Environment</i> (CAE) intended to allow portability of applications across operating systems. The primary aim was compatibility between different vendors' implementations of <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a>, though some vendors also implemented the standards on non-UNIX platforms. </p><p>Issue 1 of the guide covered basic operating system interfaces, the C language, COBOL, indexed sequential file access method (ISAM) and other parts<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was published in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-bsi6_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bsi6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Issue 2 followed in 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-bsi6_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bsi6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and extended the coverage to include Internationalization, Terminal Interfaces, Inter-Process Communication, and the programming languages <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">FORTRAN</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>, as well as data access interfaces for SQL and ISAM.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many cases these were profiles of existing international standards. Issue 3 (XPG3) followed in 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-bsi6_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bsi6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its primary focus being convergence with the <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> operating system specifications; it added Window Manager, ADA Language and more.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Issue 4 (XPG4) was published in July 1992. The <a href="/wiki/Single_UNIX_Specification" title="Single UNIX Specification">Single UNIX Specification</a> was based on the XPG4 standard. The XPG3 and XPG4 standards define all aspects of the operating system, programming languages and protocols which compliant systems should have. </p><p>Multiple levels of compliance and corresponding labels were available, depending on the scope of the guide that was covered: Base and Plus; labels Component and Application are for SW components and applications that make use of the portability guide.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Issue 1 was published as a single publication with multiple parts, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-87839-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-87839-4">0-444-87839-4</a>. </p><p>Issue 2 was published in multiple volumes: </p> <ul><li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 1: System V Specification Commands and Utilities, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-70174-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-70174-5">0-444-70174-5</a></li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 2: System V Specification System Calls and Libraries, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-70175-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-70175-3">0-444-70175-3</a></li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 3: System V Specification Supplementary Definitions, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-70176-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-70176-1">0-444-70176-1</a></li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 4: Programming Languages, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-70179-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-70179-6">0-444-70179-6</a></li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 5: Data Management, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-70178-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-70178-8">0-444-70178-8</a></li></ul> <p>Issue 3 was published in multiple volumes: </p> <ul><li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 1: XSI Commands and Utilities, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-685835-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-685835-X">0-13-685835-X</a></li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 2: XSI System Interface and Headers, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-685843-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-685843-0">0-13-685843-0</a></li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 3: XSI Supplementary Definitions, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-685850-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-685850-3">0-13-685850-3</a></li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 4: Programming Languages, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-685868-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-685868-6">0-13-685868-6</a></li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 5: Data Management, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-685876-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-685876-7">0-13-685876-7</a></li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 6: Window Management, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-685884-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-685884-8">0-13-685884-8</a></li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 7: Networking Services, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-685892-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-685892-9">0-13-685892-9</a></li></ul> <p>The XPG4 Base specification includes the following documents: </p> <ul><li>System Interfaces and Headers (XSH), Issue 4, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872630-47-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-872630-47-2">1-872630-47-2</a>, C202</li> <li>Commands and Utilities (XCU), Issue 4, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872630-48-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-872630-48-0">1-872630-48-0</a>, C203</li> <li>System Interface Definitions (XBD), Issue 4, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872630-46-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-872630-46-4">1-872630-46-4</a>, C204</li></ul> <p>The above three documents were published not under the label <i>X/Open Portability Guide</i> but rather as <i>CAE Specification</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bsi6_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bsi6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the term <i>X/Open Portability Guide, Issue 4</i> sees some use in reference to 1992 year of publication.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further X/Open publications under the label <i>X/Open CAE Specification</i> rather than <i>X/Open Portability Guide</i>: </p> <ul><li>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XA Specification, December 1991, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872630-24-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-872630-24-3">1-872630-24-3</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Systems Management: Management Protocol Profiles (XMPP), October 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-018-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-018-0">1-85912-018-0</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>X/Open DCE: Remote Procedure Call, August 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-041-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-041-5">1-85912-041-5</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>System Interface Definitions, Issue 4, Version 2, September 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-036-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-036-9">1-85912-036-9</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 4, Version 2, September 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-037-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-037-7">1-85912-037-7</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Commands and Utilities, Issue 4, Version 2, September 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-034-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-034-2">1-85912-034-2</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Networking Services, Issue 4, September 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-049-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-049-0">1-85912-049-0</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Data Management:SQL Call Level Interface (CLI), March 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-081-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-081-4">1-85912-081-4</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>File System Safe UCS Transformation Format (UTF-8), March 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-082-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-082-2">1-85912-082-2</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Distributed Transaction Processing: The TX (Transaction Demarcation) Specification, April 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-094-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-094-6">1-85912-094-6</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>X.25 Programming Interface using XTI (XX25), November 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-136-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-136-5">1-85912-136-5</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Distributed Transaction Processing: The TxRPC Specification, November 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-115-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-115-2">1-85912-115-2</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XATMI Specification, November 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-130-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-130-6">1-85912-130-6</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XCPI-C Specification Version 2, November 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-135-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-135-7">1-85912-135-7</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>X/Open Curses, Issue 4, 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781859120774" title="Special:BookSources/9781859120774">9781859120774</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>X/Open Curses, Issue 4, Version 2, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-171-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-171-3">1-85912-171-3</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Data Management: Structured Query Language (SQL) Version 2, March 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-151-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-151-9">1-85912-151-9</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>And more.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Inter-Domain_Management" title="Joint Inter-Domain Management">Joint Inter-Domain Management</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornel1986" class="citation news cs1">Kornel, Amiel (3 February 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UE1HODexHKoC&pg=PA51">"Unix advancing in drive toward European market acceptance"</a>. <i>Computerworld</i>. p. 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Unix+advancing+in+drive+toward+European+market+acceptance&rft.pages=51&rft.date=1986-02-03&rft.aulast=Kornel&rft.aufirst=Amiel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUE1HODexHKoC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandholtz1992" class="citation book cs1">Sandholtz, Wayne (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft609nb394;chunk.id=d0e14228;doc.view=print">"Spinoffs"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft609nb394/"><i>High-Tech Europe: The Politics of International Cooperation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spinoffs&rft.btitle=High-Tech+Europe%3A+The+Politics+of+International+Cooperation&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Sandholtz&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dft609nb394%3Bchunk.id%3Dd0e14228%3Bdoc.view%3Dprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dgp-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dgp_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dgp_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dgp_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dgp_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050601125916588">"The Daemon, the GNU and the Penguin, Excursus: UUNET & Ch. 11"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Groklaw" title="Groklaw">Groklaw</a></i>. 2 June 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Groklaw&rft.atitle=The+Daemon%2C+the+GNU+and+the+Penguin%2C+Excursus%3A+UUNET+%26+Ch.+11&rft.date=2005-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groklaw.net%2Farticle.php%3Fstory%3D20050601125916588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ial-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ial_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ial_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnonMcKinnon2004" class="citation book cs1">McKinnon, Linda; McKinnon, Al (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Re3zFi4_lDcC&pg=PA5"><i>Installing and Administering Linux</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780471453994" title="Special:BookSources/9780471453994"><bdi>9780471453994</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Installing+and+Administering+Linux&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780471453994&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=McKinnon%2C+Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRe3zFi4_lDcC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unixorghist-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unixorghist_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unixorghist_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html">"The UNIX System -- History and Timeline -- UNIX History"</a>. <i>unix.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unix.org&rft.atitle=The+UNIX+System+--+History+and+Timeline+--+UNIX+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funix.org%2Fwhat_is_unix%2Fhistory_timeline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ausugn-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ausugn_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ausugn_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTottenham1987" class="citation magazine cs1">Tottenham, John (August 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UdM74Ipd3cAC&pg=PA158">"X/OPEN - What, Who, Why, When"</a>. <i>Australian Unix systems User Group Newsletter</i>. Vol. 8, no. 3–4. p. 158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Unix+systems+User+Group+Newsletter&rft.atitle=X%2FOPEN+-+What%2C+Who%2C+Why%2C+When&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=158&rft.date=1987-08&rft.aulast=Tottenham&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUdM74Ipd3cAC%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckerman_Jr.1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Ackerman Jr., Robert (March 21, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9j4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41-IA12">"X/Open Makes Bid for Common Applications Environment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. Vol. 10, no. 12. p. S9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=X%2FOpen+Makes+Bid+for+Common+Applications+Environment&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=S9&rft.date=1988-03-21&rft.aulast=Ackerman+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9j4EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA41-IA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasquali2005" class="citation journal cs1">Pasquali, Virgilio (Summer 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res35.htm#g">"ICL and Europe"</a>. <i>RESURRECTION, the Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society</i> (35). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0958-7403">0958-7403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RESURRECTION%2C+the+Bulletin+of+the+Computer+Conservation+Society&rft.atitle=ICL+and+Europe&rft.ssn=summer&rft.issue=35&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=0958-7403&rft.aulast=Pasquali&rft.aufirst=Virgilio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.man.ac.uk%2FCCS%2Fres%2Fres35.htm%23g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> Contains more on history of X/Open.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarish1993" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Karish, Chuck (October 12, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/g/comp.std.unix/c/Jblvq9RejzI/m/-IQoAvBMl8kJ">"The name "UNIX" is now the property of X/Open"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.std.unix">comp.std.unix</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+name+%22UNIX%22+is+now+the+property+of+X%2FOpen&rft.pub=comp.std.unix&rft.date=1993-10-12&rft.aulast=Karish&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fg%2Fcomp.std.unix%2Fc%2FJblvq9RejzI%2Fm%2F-IQoAvBMl8kJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unix.org/questions_answers/faq.html">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>unix.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unix.org&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funix.org%2Fquestions_answers%2Ffaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unixorgsus-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unixorgsus_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unix.org/what_is_unix/single_unix_specification.html">"The Single UNIX Specification"</a>. <i>unix.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unix.org&rft.atitle=The+Single+UNIX+Specification&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funix.org%2Fwhat_is_unix%2Fsingle_unix_specification.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleppmann2017" class="citation book cs1">Kleppmann, Martin (April 2, 2017). <i>Designing Data-Intensive Applications</i> (1 ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1449373320" title="Special:BookSources/978-1449373320"><bdi>978-1449373320</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+Data-Intensive+Applications&rft.pages=361&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2017-04-02&rft.isbn=978-1449373320&rft.aulast=Kleppmann&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibesRessler1989" class="citation book cs1">Libes, Don; Ressler, Sandy (1989). <i>Life With UNIX: A Guide For Everyone</i>. <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989lwug.book.....L">1989lwug.book.....L</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0135366578" title="Special:BookSources/978-0135366578"><bdi>978-0135366578</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+With+UNIX%3A+A+Guide+For+Everyone&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989lwug.book.....L&rft.isbn=978-0135366578&rft.aulast=Libes&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.au=Ressler%2C+Sandy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bitsavers.computerhistory.org/pdf/xOpen/X_Open_Portability_Guide_1985/"><i>X/Open Portability Guide, issue 1</i></a>. Elsevier. July 1985. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0444878394" title="Special:BookSources/0444878394"><bdi>0444878394</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=X%2FOpen+Portability+Guide%2C+issue+1&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1985-07&rft.isbn=0444878394&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.computerhistory.org%2Fpdf%2FxOpen%2FX_Open_Portability_Guide_1985%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bsi6-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bsi6_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bsi6_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bsi6_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bsi6_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/frontmatter/refdocs.html"><i>Referenced Documents</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Referenced+Documents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F007904875%2Ffrontmatter%2Frefdocs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Marshall, Martin (September 19, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mDoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42">"X/Open Verification Branding Is Established"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. Vol. 10, no. 38. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=X%2FOpen+Verification+Branding+Is+Established&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1988-09-19&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmDoEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Marshall, Martin (May 29, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=njAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT40">"X/Open Seeks Accord Between OSF, UII, Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. Vol. 11, no. 22. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=X%2FOpen+Seeks+Accord+Between+OSF%2C+UII%2C+Japan&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=41&rft.date=1989-05-29&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnjAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPT40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Cox, John (September 19, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JhMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA59">"X/Open to make mark"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Network_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Network World">Network World</a></i>. Vol. 5, no. 38. p. 59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Network+World&rft.atitle=X%2FOpen+to+make+mark&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1988-09-19&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJhMEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19641-01/802-1953/802-1953.pdf"><i>Standards Conformance Guide</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>. November 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standards+Conformance+Guide&rft.pub=Sun+Microsystems&rft.date=1995-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.oracle.com%2Fcd%2FE19641-01%2F802-1953%2F802-1953.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeebach2010" class="citation book cs1">Seebach, Peter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=53zaxy423xcC&pg=PA163"><i>Beginning Portable Shell Scripting: From Novice to Professional</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Apress" class="mw-redirect" title="Apress">Apress</a>. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-1044-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-1044-3"><bdi>978-1-4302-1044-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beginning+Portable+Shell+Scripting%3A+From+Novice+to+Professional&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4302-1044-3&rft.aulast=Seebach&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D53zaxy423xcC%26pg%3DPA163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009680699/toc.pdf"><i>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XA Specification</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. December 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872630-24-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-872630-24-3"><bdi>1-872630-24-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Distributed+Transaction+Processing%3A+The+XA+Specification&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1991-12&rft.isbn=1-872630-24-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F009680699%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>}</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.opengroup.org/publications/archive/CDROM/c206.pdf"><i>Systems Management: Management Protocol Profiles (XMPP)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. October 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-018-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-018-0"><bdi>1-85912-018-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systems+Management%3A+Management+Protocol+Profiles+%28XMPP%29&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1993-10&rft.isbn=1-85912-018-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.opengroup.org%2Fpublications%2Farchive%2FCDROM%2Fc206.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9696999099/toc.pdf"><i>X/Open DCE: Remote Procedure Call</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. August 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-041-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-041-5"><bdi>1-85912-041-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=X%2FOpen+DCE%3A+Remote+Procedure+Call&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1994-08&rft.isbn=1-85912-041-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F9696999099%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009656599/toc.pdf"><i>X/Open CAE Specification System Interface Definitions, Issue 4, Version 2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. September 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-036-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-036-9"><bdi>1-85912-036-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=X%2FOpen+CAE+Specification+System+Interface+Definitions%2C+Issue+4%2C+Version+2&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1994-09&rft.isbn=1-85912-036-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F009656599%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9695969499/toc.pdf"><i>X/Open CAE Specification System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 4, Version 2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. September 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-037-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-037-7"><bdi>1-85912-037-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=X%2FOpen+CAE+Specification+System+Interfaces+and+Headers%2C+Issue+4%2C+Version+2&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1994-09&rft.isbn=1-85912-037-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F9695969499%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009656399/toc.pdf"><i>X/Open CAE Specification Commands and Utilities, Issue 4, Version 2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. September 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-034-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-034-2"><bdi>1-85912-034-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=X%2FOpen+CAE+Specification+Commands+and+Utilities%2C+Issue+4%2C+Version+2&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1994-09&rft.isbn=1-85912-034-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F009656399%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009656199/toc.pdf"><i>X/Open CAE Specification Networking Services, Issue 4</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. September 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-049-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-049-0"><bdi>1-85912-049-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=X%2FOpen+CAE+Specification+Networking+Services%2C+Issue+4&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1994-09&rft.isbn=1-85912-049-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F009656199%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009654899/toc.pdf"><i>Data Management:SQL Call Level Interface (CLI)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. March 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-081-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-081-4"><bdi>1-85912-081-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Data+Management%3ASQL+Call+Level+Interface+%28CLI%29&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1995-03&rft.isbn=1-85912-081-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F009654899%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009649899/toc.pdf"><i>File System Safe UCS Transformation Format (UTF-8)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. March 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-082-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-082-2"><bdi>1-85912-082-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=File+System+Safe+UCS+Transformation+Format+%28UTF-8%29&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1995-03&rft.isbn=1-85912-082-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F009649899%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.opengroup.org/publications/archive/CDROM/c504.pdf"><i>Distributed Transaction Processing: The TX (Transaction Demarcation) Specification</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. April 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-094-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-094-6"><bdi>1-85912-094-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Distributed+Transaction+Processing%3A+The+TX+%28Transaction+Demarcation%29+Specification&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1995-04&rft.isbn=1-85912-094-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.opengroup.org%2Fpublications%2Farchive%2FCDROM%2Fc504.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9695989899/toc.pdf"><i>X.25 Programming Interface using XTI (XX25)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. November 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-136-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-136-5"><bdi>1-85912-136-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=X.25+Programming+Interface+using+XTI+%28XX25%29&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1995-11&rft.isbn=1-85912-136-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F9695989899%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009649499/toc.pdf"><i>Distributed Transaction Processing: The TxRPC Specification</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. November 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-115-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-115-2"><bdi>1-85912-115-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Distributed+Transaction+Processing%3A+The+TxRPC+Specification&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1995-11&rft.isbn=1-85912-115-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F009649499%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009649399/toc.pdf"><i>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XATMI Specification</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. November 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-130-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-130-6"><bdi>1-85912-130-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Distributed+Transaction+Processing%3A+The+XATMI+Specification&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1995-11&rft.isbn=1-85912-130-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F009649399%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009658099/toc.pdf"><i>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XCPI-C Specification Version 2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. November 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-135-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-135-7"><bdi>1-85912-135-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Distributed+Transaction+Processing%3A+The+XCPI-C+Specification+Version+2&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1995-11&rft.isbn=1-85912-135-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F009658099%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PYFCAAAACAAJ"><i>X/Open Curses, Issue 4</i></a>. X/Open Company. 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781859120774" title="Special:BookSources/9781859120774"><bdi>9781859120774</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=X%2FOpen+Curses%2C+Issue+4&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781859120774&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPYFCAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009638999/toc.pdf"><i>X/Open Curses, Issue 4, Version 2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-171-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-171-3"><bdi>1-85912-171-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=X%2FOpen+Curses%2C+Issue+4%2C+Version+2&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-85912-171-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F009638999%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9695959099/toc.pdf"><i>Data Management: Structured Query Language (SQL) Version 2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. X/Open Company. March 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85912-151-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85912-151-9"><bdi>1-85912-151-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Data+Management%3A+Structured+Query+Language+%28SQL%29+Version+2&rft.pub=X%2FOpen+Company&rft.date=1996-03&rft.isbn=1-85912-151-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F9695959099%2Ftoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeld_Jørn_Simonsen" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Keld Jørn Simonsen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/net.usenix/msg/638f079a0dad4802?dmode=source&output=gplain&noredirect">"EUUG 1985 Copenhagen Conference Technical Programme"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:net.usenix">net.usenix</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet (identifier)">Usenet:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:1120@diku.UUCP">1120@diku.UUCP</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EUUG+1985+Copenhagen+Conference+Technical+Programme&rft.pub=net.usenix&rft_id=news%3A1120%40diku.UUCP%23id-name%3DUsenet%3A&rft.au=Keld+J%C3%B8rn+Simonsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Fnet.usenix%2Fmsg%2F638f079a0dad4802%3Fdmode%3Dsource%26output%3Dgplain%26noredirect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX%2FOpen" class="Z3988"></span> - Mentions X/Open; lists members and its efforts to define "a new standard interface to UNIX".</li> <li>C. B. Taylor. The X/OPEN group and the common application environment. ICL Technical Journal Vol 5(4) pp. 665–679, 1987.</li> <li>C. B. Taylor. X/Open - from Strength to Strength. ICL Technical Journal, Vol 7(3) pp. 565–583, 1991</li> <li>C. B. Taylor. X/Open and Open Systems. X/Open Company Limited, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872630-55-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-872630-55-3">1-872630-55-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X/Open&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opengroup.org">The Open Group</a>, opengroup.org -- resulted from merger of X/Open Company and Open Software Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unix.org/what_is_unix.html">What is UNIX?</a>, unix.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bitsavers.computerhistory.org/pdf/xOpen/X_Open_Portability_Guide_1985/">X/Open Portability Guide</a>, issue 1, 1985</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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