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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Campbell's advance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campbell's_advance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture_of_the_main_defences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_of_the_main_defences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Capture of the main defences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_of_the_main_defences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_capture_of_Lucknow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_capture_of_Lucknow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Final capture of Lucknow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_capture_of_Lucknow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outcome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Capture+of+Lucknow%22">"Capture of Lucknow"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Capture+of+Lucknow%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Capture+of+Lucknow%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Capture+of+Lucknow%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Capture+of+Lucknow%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Capture+of+Lucknow%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Capture of Lucknow</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_of_the_Siege_of_Lucknow_-Our_fighting_services_-_Evelyn_Wood_pg501.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Plan_of_the_Siege_of_Lucknow_-Our_fighting_services_-_Evelyn_Wood_pg501.jpg/300px-Plan_of_the_Siege_of_Lucknow_-Our_fighting_services_-_Evelyn_Wood_pg501.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Plan_of_the_Siege_of_Lucknow_-Our_fighting_services_-_Evelyn_Wood_pg501.jpg/450px-Plan_of_the_Siege_of_Lucknow_-Our_fighting_services_-_Evelyn_Wood_pg501.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Plan_of_the_Siege_of_Lucknow_-Our_fighting_services_-_Evelyn_Wood_pg501.jpg 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="506" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1 March – 21 March 1858</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oudh_State" title="Oudh State">Awadh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> East India Company victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Awadh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Awadh.svg/22px-Flag_of_Awadh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Awadh.svg/33px-Flag_of_Awadh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Awadh.svg/44px-Flag_of_Awadh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="195" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oudh" class="mw-redirect" title="Oudh">Oudh</a> rebels supported by rebel sepoys</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Campbell,_1st_Baron_Clyde" title="Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde">Sir Colin Campbell</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 31,000<br />104 guns</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 100,000 (?)<br />unknown number of guns</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 127 killed<br />595 wounded</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Template:Campaignbox Indian Rebellion of 1857"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Indian Rebellion of 1857"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Indian Rebellion of 1857"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857"><span class="wrap">Indian Rebellion of 1857</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lucknow" title="Siege of Lucknow">1st Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cawnpore" title="Siege of Cawnpore">1st Cawnpore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badli-ki-Serai" title="Battle of Badli-ki-Serai">Badli-ki-Serai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi" title="Siege of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chinhat" title="Battle of Chinhat">Chinhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jhelum_(1857)" title="Battle of Jhelum (1857)">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aong" title="Battle of Aong">Aong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Arrah" title="Siege of Arrah">Arrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agra" title="Battle of Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najafgarh" title="Battle of Najafgarh">Najafgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Cawnpore" title="Second Battle of Cawnpore">2nd Cawnpore</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Indian_campaign_of_1858" title="Central Indian campaign of 1858">Central India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Capture of Lucknow</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>: लखनऊ का क़ब्ज़ा, <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لکھنؤ کا قبضہ</span></span>) was a battle of <a href="/wiki/Indian_rebellion_of_1857" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian rebellion of 1857">Indian rebellion of 1857</a>. The British recaptured the city of <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> which they had abandoned in the previous winter after the relief of a besieged garrison in the Residency, and destroyed the organised resistance by the rebels in the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Oudh_State" title="Oudh State">Awadh</a> (or <i>Oudh</i>, as it was referred to in most contemporary accounts). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Lucknow&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oudh had been annexed by the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> only a year before a general mutiny broke out in the Company's <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Army" title="Bengal Army">Bengal Army</a>. The annexation had been accompanied by several instances of expropriation of royal and landholders' estates on sometimes flimsy grounds of non-payment of taxes, or difficulties in proving title to lands. Many <a href="/wiki/Sepoy" title="Sepoy">sepoys</a> (native soldiers) of the Company's Bengal Army had been recruited from high-caste and landowning communities in Oudh. There was increasing unrest in the Bengal Army, as privileges and customary allowances they had previously enjoyed were withdrawn. With uncertainty over their rights to property in Oudh, they felt that their status both as soldiers and citizens was under threat. </p><p>When the rebellion broke out in May 1857, it threatened British authority in several areas of India, but most particularly in Oudh, where the resentful dispossessed rulers and landowners joined with the mutinied regiments (Bengal Native troops, and Oudh Irregular units formerly belonging to the Kingdom of Oudh) in what became a national rebellion. </p><p>From 1 July to 26 November 1857, the British had withstood the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lucknow" title="Siege of Lucknow">siege of the Residency</a> to the north of the city. When the besieged garrison was finally relieved by the British commander-in-chief, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Campbell,_1st_Baron_Clyde" title="Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde">Sir Colin Campbell</a>, the Residency was evacuated, as Campbell's communications were threatened. He returned to <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Cawnpore</a> (Kanpur) from where the relief expedition had been mounted, with all the civilians evacuated from the Residency and the sick and wounded. However, he left a division of 4,000 men under <a href="/wiki/James_Outram_(British_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Outram (British officer)">Sir James Outram</a> to hold the <a href="/wiki/Alambagh" title="Alambagh">Alambagh</a>, a walled park two miles south of the city. </p><p>During the following winter campaigning season, Campbell re-established his communications with <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>. He also received fresh reinforcements from Britain and built up a substantial transport and supply column. After capturing <a href="/wiki/Fatehgarh" title="Fatehgarh">Fatehgarh</a> on 1 January 1858, which allowed him to establish control over the countryside between Cawnpore and Delhi, Campbell suggested leaving Oudh alone during 1858, concentrating instead on recapturing the state of <a href="/wiki/Rohilkhand" title="Rohilkhand">Rohilkhand</a>, which was also in rebel hands. However, the Governor General, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Lord Canning</a>, insisted that Oudh be recaptured, so as to discourage other potential rebels. Canning wrote </p> <blockquote><p>Oudh is not only the rallying point of the sepoys, the place to which they all look, and by the doings in which their own hopes and prospects rise and fall; but it represents a dynasty; there is a King of Oudh "seeking his own".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campbell's_advance"><span id="Campbell.27s_advance"></span>Campbell's advance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Lucknow&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Campbell's advance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_of_Lucknow,_Showing_Operations_in_1857-58.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Plan_of_Lucknow%2C_Showing_Operations_in_1857-58.jpg/220px-Plan_of_Lucknow%2C_Showing_Operations_in_1857-58.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Plan_of_Lucknow%2C_Showing_Operations_in_1857-58.jpg/330px-Plan_of_Lucknow%2C_Showing_Operations_in_1857-58.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Plan_of_Lucknow%2C_Showing_Operations_in_1857-58.jpg/440px-Plan_of_Lucknow%2C_Showing_Operations_in_1857-58.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1303" data-file-height="924" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary plan of the movements during the siege, relief and capture of Lucknow</figcaption></figure> <p>Campbell's army consisted of seventeen infantry battalions, twenty-eight cavalry squadrons and 134 guns and mortars,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a large and unwieldy baggage train and large numbers of Indian <a href="/wiki/Camp_follower" title="Camp follower">camp followers</a>. The army crossed the <a href="/wiki/Ganges_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges River">Ganges River</a> in late February, and advanced to rendezvous with Outram at the Alambagh on 1 March. The army was then reorganised into three infantry <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a> under Outram, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole_(British_Army_officer)" title="Robert Walpole (British Army officer)">Brigadier Walpole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lugard" title="Edward Lugard">Brigadier Lugard</a>, and a cavalry division under <a href="/wiki/James_Hope_Grant" class="mw-redirect" title="James Hope Grant">James Hope Grant</a>. A force of 9,000 Nepalis (not to be confused with the regular <a href="/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha">Gurkha</a> units of the Bengal Army) was approaching Lucknow from the north, commanded by Brigadier Franks. </p><p>The defenders of Lucknow were said to number 100,000. This suspiciously large and round figure reflects the fact that the defenders lacked coordinated leadership, and were largely the personal retinues of landowners, or loosely organised bodies of fighters, whose motives, dedication and equipment varied widely. The British were not able to gain any reliable reports of their numbers. The rebels were nevertheless equipped with large numbers of cannon and had heavily fortified the Charbagh Canal, the city and the palaces and <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> adjoining the Residency to the north of the city. They had however not fortified the northern approaches to the city on the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/Gumti_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumti River">Gumti River</a>, which had not seen fighting previously. (During the British relief moves in 1857, the ground had been flooded by <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> rains.) </p><p>Campbell began by repeating his moves of the relief of the Residency the previous year. He moved to the east of the city and Charbagh Canal to occupy a walled park, the <a href="/wiki/Dilkusha_Kothi" title="Dilkusha Kothi">Dilkusha Park</a>, although this time he suffered from rebel artillery fire until his own guns could be brought up. </p><p>On 5 March, Campbell's engineers constructed two <a href="/wiki/Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">pontoon bridges</a> across the Gumti. Outram's division crossed to the north bank, and by 9 March, they were established north of the city. Under covering fire from his siege guns, his division captured the grandstand of the King of Oudh's racecourse (known as the Chakar Kothi). Meanwhile, Campbell's main body captured <a href="/wiki/La_Martiniere_Lucknow" class="mw-redirect" title="La Martiniere Lucknow">La Martiniere</a> (formerly a school for the children of British civilians) and forced their way across the Charbagh Canal with few casualties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capture_of_the_main_defences">Capture of the main defences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Lucknow&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Capture of the main defences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Begum_Kotee,_Lucknow_-_The_Indian_Mutiny_1857-1859_Q69847.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Begum_Kotee%2C_Lucknow_-_The_Indian_Mutiny_1857-1859_Q69847.jpg/220px-Begum_Kotee%2C_Lucknow_-_The_Indian_Mutiny_1857-1859_Q69847.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Begum_Kotee%2C_Lucknow_-_The_Indian_Mutiny_1857-1859_Q69847.jpg/330px-Begum_Kotee%2C_Lucknow_-_The_Indian_Mutiny_1857-1859_Q69847.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Begum_Kotee%2C_Lucknow_-_The_Indian_Mutiny_1857-1859_Q69847.jpg/440px-Begum_Kotee%2C_Lucknow_-_The_Indian_Mutiny_1857-1859_Q69847.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption>Begum Kothi or Queen's House, Lucknow, 1858</figcaption></figure> <p>By 11 March, Outram captured two bridges across the Gumti near the Residency (an iron bridge and a nearby stone bridge) although heavy rebel artillery fire forced him to abandon the stone bridge. Meanwhile, Campbell occupied an enclosed palace (the <i><a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Bagh" title="Sikandar Bagh">Secundrabagh</a></i>) and a mosque (the <i>Shah Najaf</i>) with little opposition; these two positions had been the scene of heavy fighting the previous November. In front of him was a block of palace buildings, collectively known as the <i>Begum Kothi</i>. There was severe fighting for these on 11 March, in which 600 or 700 rebels died. </p><p>Over the next three days, Campbell's engineers and gunners blasted and tunnelled their way through the buildings between the Begum Kothi and the main rebel position in the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Oudh" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Oudh">King of Oudh</a>'s palace, the <a href="/wiki/Kaisarbagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisarbagh">Kaisarbagh</a>. Meanwhile, Outram's guns bombarded the Kaisarbagh from the north. The main assault on the Kaisarbagh took place on 14 March. Campbell's and Frank's forces attacked from the east, but Campbell surprisingly refused Outram permission to cross the Gumti and take the Kaisarbagh between two fires. As a result, although the Kaisarbagh was easily captured, its defenders were able to retreat without difficulty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_capture_of_Lucknow">Final capture of Lucknow</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Lucknow&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Final capture of Lucknow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the rebels were abandoning Lucknow and scattering into the countryside. Campbell failed to stop most of them, by sending his cavalry after some rebels who had left earlier. Operations temporarily halted while the British reorganised and most regiments fell to looting the captured palaces. </p><p>On 16 March, Outram finally recrossed the Gumti, and his division advanced on and stormed the Residency. There were disjointed rebel counter-attacks on the Alambagh and the British positions north of the Gumti, which failed. A rebel force which was supposed to contain <a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a>, the wife of the dispossessed <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Awadh" title="Nawab of Awadh">Nawab of Oudh</a>, and her son <a href="/wiki/Birjis_Qadr" title="Birjis Qadr">Birjis Qadr</a> whom the rebels had proclaimed Nawab, were driven from the <a href="/wiki/Musa_Bagh" title="Musa Bagh">Musabagh</a>, yet another walled palace four miles northwest of Lucknow. </p><p>The last rebels, 1,200 men under a noted leader, <a href="/wiki/Ahmadullah_Shah" title="Ahmadullah Shah">Ahmadullah Shah</a>, also known as the Maulvi of Faizabad, were driven from a fortified house in the centre of the city on 21 March. The city was declared cleared on this date. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outcome">Outcome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Lucknow&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Outcome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Campbell had advanced cautiously and had captured Lucknow with few casualties, but by failing to prevent the rebels escaping, he was forced to spend much of the following summer and monsoon season clearing the rebels from the countryside of Oudh. As a result, his army suffered heavy casualties from heatstroke and other diseases. </p><p>Outram had also failed to protest his orders not to advance on 14 March, which had allowed most rebels to escape. Outram was Civil Commissioner for Oudh in addition to his military command, and may have allowed his hopes for pacification and reconciliation to override his soldier's instincts. </p><p>Rebel casualties were hard to estimate. British troops usually executed any prisoners they captured, whether armed or not. One of the prominent British casualties was <a href="/wiki/Major_William_Hodson" class="mw-redirect" title="Major William Hodson">William Hodson</a>, who led an irregular cavalry unit and also served as an Intelligence officer, killed during the capture of the Begum Kothi on 11 March. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Lucknow&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edwardes, p.123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The last phrase is associated with the proclamation of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Charles Edward Stuart</a>, a pretender to the English and Scottish thrones, when he launched an unsuccessful uprising in 1745</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert, p.356</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Lucknow&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHibbert1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hibbert" title="Christopher Hibbert">Hibbert, Christopher</a> (1980). <i>The Great Mutiny - India 1857</i>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-004752-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-004752-2"><bdi>0-14-004752-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Mutiny+-+India+1857&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-14-004752-2&rft.aulast=Hibbert&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Lucknow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwardes1963" class="citation book cs1">Edwardes, Michael (1963). <i>Battles of the Indian Mutiny</i>. Pan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-330-02524-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-330-02524-4"><bdi>0-330-02524-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+of+the+Indian+Mutiny&rft.pub=Pan&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-330-02524-4&rft.aulast=Edwardes&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Lucknow" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Lucknow&oldid=1253420100">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Lucknow&oldid=1253420100</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Category:Battles of the Indian Rebellion of 1857">Battles of the Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Lucknow" title="Category:History of Lucknow">History of Lucknow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Category:History of Uttar Pradesh">History of Uttar Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1858_in_India" title="Category:1858 in India">1858 in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:March_1858_events" title="Category:March 1858 events">March 1858 events</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2010" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2010">Articles needing additional references from February 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2018">Use dmy dates from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_July_2018" title="Category:Use Indian English from July 2018">Use Indian English from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Urdu-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Urdu-language text">Articles containing Urdu-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 October 2024, at 21:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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