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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upamiętnienie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upamiętnienie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Upamiętnienie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upamiętnienie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura_dodatkowa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura_dodatkowa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literatura dodatkowa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura_dodatkowa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James Joseph Sylvester</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 40 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جيمس جوزيف سيلفستر – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس جوزيف سيلفستر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceyms_Cozef_Silvester" title="Ceyms Cozef Silvester – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ceyms Cozef Silvester" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جیمز جوزف سیلوستر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیمز جوزف سیلوستر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Джэймс Джозеф Сільвестр – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэймс Джозеф Сільвестр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%86_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Τζέιμς Τζόσεφ Συλβέστερ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζέιμς Τζόσεφ Συλβέστερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جیمز جوزف سیلوستر – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز جوزف سیلوستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%ED%94%84_%EC%8B%A4%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0" title="제임스 조지프 실베스터 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제임스 조지프 실베스터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A3_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8" title="ג'יימס ג'וזף סילבסטר – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס ג'וזף סילבסטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – kreolski haitański" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolski haitański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Ioseph_Sylvester" title="Iacobus Ioseph Sylvester – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Ioseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯეიმს ჯოზეფ სილვესტრი – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯეიმს ჯოზეფ სილვესტრი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جيمس جوزيف سيلفستر – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس جوزيف سيلفستر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%82%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ジェームス・ジョセフ・シルベスター – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームス・ジョセフ・シルベスター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="جیمس جوزف سلوسٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیمس جوزف سلوسٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="polecany artykuł"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Сильвестр, Джеймс Джозеф – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сильвестр, Джеймс Джозеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Джеймс сильвестр – jakucki" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Джеймс сильвестр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakucki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜேம்ஸ் சில்வெஸ்டர் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜேம்ஸ் சில்வெஸ்டர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เจมส์ โจเซฟ ซิลเวสเตอร์ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจมส์ โจเซฟ ซิลเวสเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Джеймс Джозеф Сильвестр – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Джозеф Сильвестр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="جیمس جوزف سلوسٹر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیمس جوزف سلوسٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="James Joseph Sylvester" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="詹姆斯·約瑟夫·西爾維斯特 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="詹姆斯·約瑟夫·西爾維斯特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg/220px-James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>James Joseph Sylvester (1814–1897)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>James Joseph Sylvester</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/3_wrze%C5%9Bnia" title="3 września">3 września</a> <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a> w <a href="/wiki/Londyn" title="Londyn">Londynie</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/15_marca" title="15 marca">15 marca</a> <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a> tamże<sup id="cite_ref-epwn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epwn-1">[1]</a></sup>) – <a href="/wiki/Brytyjczycy" title="Brytyjczycy">brytyjski</a> <a href="/wiki/Matematyk" title="Matematyk">matematyk</a> i <a href="/wiki/Prawnik" title="Prawnik">prawnik</a>, zatrudniony także w <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">USA</a>; profesor <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Oksfordzki" title="Uniwersytet Oksfordzki">Uniwersytetu Oksfordzkiego</a>, a wcześniej <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Johnsa_Hopkinsa" title="Uniwersytet Johnsa Hopkinsa">Uniwersytetu Johna Hopkinsa</a> w amerykańskim <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> i innych uczelni. Członek <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Towarzystwa Królewskiego w Londynie</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <em lang="en">Royal Society</em>, od 1839) i <a href="/wiki/Francuska_Akademia_Nauk" title="Francuska Akademia Nauk">Francuskiej Akademii Nauk</a> (od 1863). Laureat <a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya">Medalu Copleya</a> (1880). </p><p>Główne prace Sylvestera dotyczą <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teoria_liczb" title="Teoria liczb">teorii liczb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teoria_prawdopodobie%C5%84stwa" title="Teoria prawdopodobieństwa">probabilistyki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mechanika" title="Mechanika">mechaniki</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fizyka_matematyczna" title="Fizyka matematyczna">fizyki matematycznej</a>. Wraz ze swoim przyjacielem <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cayley" title="Arthur Cayley">Arthurem Cayleyem</a> stworzył teorię niezmienników<sup id="cite_ref-epwn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epwn-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studiował w <a href="/wiki/St_John%E2%80%99s_College_(Cambridge)" title="St John’s College (Cambridge)">St John’s College</a> na <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Uniwersytecie Cambridge</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFACAD_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFACAD-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p><p>Od roku 1841 profesor <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> w <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville" title="Charlottesville">Charlottesville</a>. Był pierwszym Żydem zatrudnionym na stanowisku profesora na amerykańskim uniwersytecie. W latach 1850–1870 <a href="/wiki/Profesor" title="Profesor">profesor</a> matematyki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kr%C3%B3lewska_Akademia_Wojskowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Królewska Akademia Wojskowa (strona nie istnieje)">Królewskiej Akademii Wojennej</a> w <a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich</a>. Od 1876 roku profesor <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University">Uniwersytetu Johnsa Hopkinsa</a> w <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> i w latach 1883–1894 profesor <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Oksfordzki" title="Uniwersytet Oksfordzki">uniwersytetu w Oksfordzie</a>. Założył w 1878 pierwsze amerykańskie czasopismo matematyczne <i>The American Journal of Mathematics</i>. </p><p>Sylvester to twórca szeregu terminów naukowych, zwłaszcza z algebry. Wśród nich są: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graf_(matematyka)" title="Graf (matematyka)">graf</a> (ang. <i>graph</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCnik_wielomianu" title="Wyróżnik wielomianu">wyróżnik</a> (ang. <i>discriminant</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macierz" title="Macierz">macierz</a> (ang. <i>matrix</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macierz_Jacobiego" title="Macierz Jacobiego">jakobian</a> (ang. <i>Jacobian</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macierz_Hessego" title="Macierz Hessego">hesjan</a> (ang. <i>Hessian</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowariancja_i_kontrawariancja" class="mw-disambig" title="Kowariancja i kontrawariancja">kowariancja</a> (ang. <i>covariant</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niezmiennik" title="Niezmiennik">niezmiennik</a> (ang. <i>invariant</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funkcja_%CF%86" title="Funkcja φ">tocjent</a> (ang. <i>totient</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombinacja_liniowa" title="Kombinacja liniowa">kombinacja liniowa</a> (ang. <i>linear combination</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liniowa_niezale%C5%BCno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Liniowa niezależność">liniowa niezależność</a> (ang. <i>linear independence</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twierdzenie_o_rz%C4%99dzie" title="Twierdzenie o rzędzie">zerowość</a> (ang. <i>nullity</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algebra_uniwersalna" title="Algebra uniwersalna">algebra uniwersalna</a> (ang. <i>universal algebra</i>), w węższym znaczeniu niż to przyjęte później<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upamiętnienie"><span id="Upami.C4.99tnienie"></span>Upamiętnienie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Upamiętnienie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Upamiętnienie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>W algebrze używane jest <a href="/wiki/Kryterium_Sylvestera" title="Kryterium Sylvestera">kryterium Sylvestera</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Twierdzenie_o_bezw%C5%82adno%C5%9Bci_form_kwadratowych" title="Twierdzenie o bezwładności form kwadratowych">twierdzenie o bezwładności form kwadratowych</a> bywa nazywane twierdzeniem Sylvestera-Jacobiego.</li> <li>W roku 1901 brytyjskie <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> ustanowiło na jego cześć <a href="/wiki/Medal_Sylvestera" title="Medal Sylvestera">medal Sylvestera</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-epwn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-epwn_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-epwn_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3981931"><i>Sylvester James Joseph</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">Encyklopedia PWN</a></i> [online], <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2022-02-18]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=Sylvester+James+Joseph&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2F%3B3981931" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFACAD-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFACAD_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFACAD">ACAD ↓</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>graph</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/g/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (G)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>discriminant</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/d/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (D)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>Matrix</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/m/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (M)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>Jacobian</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/j/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (J)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>Hessian</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/h/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (H)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>covariant</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/c/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (C)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>invariant</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/i/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (I)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>totient</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/t/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (T)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>linear combination</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/l/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (L)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>linearly independent</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/l/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (L)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>nullity</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/n/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (N)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Jeff Miller, <i>universal algebra</i> [w:] <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Miller/mathword/u/">Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (U)</a></i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk [dostęp 2022-02-18].</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" id="CITEREFACAD"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2016.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=SLVR831JJ&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">Sylvester, James Joseph</a>. A Cambridge Alumni Database. [dostęp 2016-12-10].</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura_dodatkowa">Literatura dodatkowa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Literatura dodatkowa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Literatura dodatkowa"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Kajetan_Wr%C3%B3blewski" title="Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski">Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski</a>. <em>Matematyczny Adam</em>. „<a href="/wiki/Wiedza_i_%C5%BBycie" title="Wiedza i Życie">Wiedza i Życie</a>”, s. 65, maj 2008. Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3szy%C5%84ski_Media" title="Prószyński Media">Prószyński Media</a>. <span class="issn"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0137-8929">0137-8929</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Matematyczny+Adam&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWiedza+i+%C5%BBycie%5D%5D&rft.date=maj+2008&rft.aulast=Wr%C3%B3blewski&rft.aufirst=Andrzej+Kajetan&rft.pages=65&rft.issn=0137-8929"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Sylvester&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Otwarty_dost%C4%99p" title="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać"><img alt="publikacja w otwartym dostępie – możesz ją przeczytać" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_green_alt2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> John J. O’Connor; Edmund F. 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.navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XIX_wiek)" title="Szablon:Laureaci Medalu Copleya (XIX wiek)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XIX_wiek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Medalu Copleya (XIX wiek) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XIX_wiek)&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya">Medalu Copleya</a> (XIX wiek)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1801: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astley_Paston_Cooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astley Paston Cooper (strona nie istnieje)">Astley Paston Cooper</a></li> <li>1802: <a href="/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" title="William Hyde Wollaston">William Hyde Wollaston</a></li> <li>1803: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Chenevix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Chenevix (strona nie istnieje)">Richard Chenevix</a></li> <li>1804: <a href="/wiki/Smithson_Tennant" title="Smithson Tennant">Smithson Tennant</a></li> <li>1805: <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a></li> <li>1806: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Andrew_Knight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Andrew Knight (strona nie istnieje)">Thomas Andrew Knight</a></li> <li>1807: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Everard_Home&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Everard Home (strona nie istnieje)">Everard Home</a></li> <li>1808: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_(chemik)" title="William Henry (chemik)">William Henry</a></li> <li>1809: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Troughton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Troughton (strona nie istnieje)">Edward Troughton</a></li> <li>1810: nie przyznano</li> <li>1811: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Collins_Brodie" title="Benjamin Collins Brodie">Benjamin Collins Brodie</a></li> <li>1812: nie przyznano</li> <li>1813: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Thomas_Brande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Thomas Brande (strona nie istnieje)">William Thomas Brande</a></li> <li>1814: <a href="/wiki/James_Ivory_(matematyk)" title="James Ivory (matematyk)">James Ivory</a></li> <li>1815: <a href="/wiki/David_Brewster" title="David Brewster">David Brewster</a></li> <li>1816: nie przyznano</li> <li>1817: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Kater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Kater (strona nie istnieje)">Henry Kater</a></li> <li>1818: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Seppings" title="Robert Seppings">Robert Seppings</a></li> <li>1819: nie przyznano</li> <li>1820: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Hans Christian Ørsted</a></li> <li>1821: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sabine" title="Edward Sabine">Edward Sabine</a> i <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a></li> <li>1822: <a href="/wiki/William_Buckland" title="William Buckland">William Buckland</a></li> <li>1823: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pond (strona nie istnieje)">John Pond</a></li> <li>1824: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Brinkley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Brinkley (strona nie istnieje)">John Brinkley</a></li> <li>1825: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a> i <a href="/wiki/Peter_Barlow" title="Peter Barlow">Peter Barlow</a></li> <li>1826: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_South&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James South (strona nie istnieje)">James South</a></li> <li>1827: <a href="/wiki/William_Prout" title="William Prout">William Prout</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Foster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Foster (strona nie istnieje)">Henry Foster</a></li> <li>1828–1830: nie przyznano</li> <li>1831: <a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a></li> <li>1832: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%A9on_Denis_Poisson" title="Siméon Denis Poisson">Siméon Denis Poisson</a></li> <li>1833: nie przyznano</li> <li>1834: <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Plana" title="Giovanni Plana">Giovanni Plana</a></li> <li>1835: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Snow_Harris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Snow Harris (strona nie istnieje)">William Snow Harris</a></li> <li>1836: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Kiernan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Kiernan (strona nie istnieje)">Francis Kiernan</a></li> <li>1837: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_C%C3%A9sar_Becquerel" title="Antoine César Becquerel">Antoine César Becquerel</a> i <a href="/wiki/John_Frederic_Daniell" title="John Frederic Daniell">John Frederic Daniell</a></li> <li>1838: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a> i <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a></li> <li>1839: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanik)" title="Robert Brown (botanik)">Robert Brown</a></li> <li>1840: <a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sturm" title="Jacques Charles François Sturm">Jacques Charles François Sturm</a></li> <li>1841: <a href="/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm">Georg Ohm</a></li> <li>1842: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacCullagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James MacCullagh (strona nie istnieje)">James MacCullagh</a></li> <li>1843: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Dumas" title="Jean-Baptiste Dumas">Jean-Baptiste Dumas</a></li> <li>1844: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Matteucci" title="Carlo Matteucci">Carlo Matteucci</a></li> <li>1845: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Schwann" title="Theodor Schwann">Theodor Schwann</a></li> <li>1846: <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a></li> <li>1847: <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a></li> <li>1848: <a href="/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams">John Couch Adams</a></li> <li>1849: <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></li> <li>1850: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" title="Peter Andreas Hansen">Peter Andreas Hansen</a></li> <li>1851: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Richard Owen</a></li> <li>1852: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a></li> <li>1853: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Dove" title="Heinrich Wilhelm Dove">Heinrich Wilhelm Dove</a></li> <li>1854: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller" title="Johannes Peter Müller">Johannes Peter Müller</a></li> <li>1855: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bernard_L%C3%A9on_Foucault" title="Jean Bernard Léon Foucault">Jean Bernard Léon Foucault</a></li> <li>1856: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Milne-Edwards" title="Henri Milne-Edwards">Henri Milne-Edwards</a></li> <li>1857: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul" title="Michel Eugène Chevreul">Michel Eugène Chevreul</a></li> <li>1858: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a></li> <li>1859: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Weber_(fizyk)" title="Wilhelm Weber (fizyk)">Wilhelm Weber</a></li> <li>1860: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bunsen" title="Robert Bunsen">Robert Bunsen</a></li> <li>1861: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a></li> <li>1862: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham" title="Thomas Graham">Thomas Graham</a></li> <li>1863: <a href="/wiki/Adam_Sedgwick" title="Adam Sedgwick">Adam Sedgwick</a></li> <li>1864: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a></li> <li>1865: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Chasles" title="Michel Chasles">Michel Chasles</a></li> <li>1866: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Pl%C3%BCcker" title="Julius Plücker">Julius Plücker</a></li> <li>1867: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ernst_von_Baer" title="Karl Ernst von Baer">Karl Ernst von Baer</a></li> <li>1868: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li>1869: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Victor_Regnault" title="Henri Victor Regnault">Henri Victor Regnault</a></li> <li>1870: <a href="/wiki/James_Joule" title="James Joule">James Joule</a></li> <li>1871: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer">Julius Robert von Mayer</a></li> <li>1872: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a></li> <li>1873: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a></li> <li>1874: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a></li> <li>1875: <a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_von_Hofmann" title="August Wilhelm von Hofmann">August Wilhelm von Hofmann</a></li> <li>1876: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Bernard" title="Claude Bernard">Claude Bernard</a></li> <li>1877: <a href="/wiki/James_Dwight_Dana" title="James Dwight Dana">James Dwight Dana</a></li> <li>1878: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Boussingault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Boussingault (strona nie istnieje)">Jean-Baptiste Boussingault</a></li> <li>1879: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Clausius" title="Rudolf Clausius">Rudolf Clausius</a></li> <li>1880: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Joseph Sylvester</a></li> <li>1881: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Adolphe_Wurtz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (strona nie istnieje)">Charles-Adolphe Wurtz</a></li> <li>1882: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cayley" title="Arthur Cayley">Arthur Cayley</a></li> <li>1883: <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">William Thomson</a> (Lord Kelvin)</li> <li>1884: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ludwig" title="Carl Ludwig">Carl Ludwig</a></li> <li>1885: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9_von_Stradonitz" title="Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz">Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz</a></li> <li>1886: <a href="/wiki/Franz_Ernst_Neumann" title="Franz Ernst Neumann">Franz Ernst Neumann</a></li> <li>1887: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a></li> <li>1888: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Henry Huxley</a></li> <li>1889: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Salmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Salmon (strona nie istnieje)">George Salmon</a></li> <li>1890: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a></li> <li>1891: <a href="/wiki/Stanislao_Cannizzaro" title="Stanislao Cannizzaro">Stanislao Cannizzaro</a></li> <li>1892: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow" title="Rudolf Virchow">Rudolf Virchow</a></li> <li>1893: <a href="/wiki/George_Gabriel_Stokes" title="George Gabriel Stokes">George Gabriel Stokes</a></li> <li>1894: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Frankland" title="Edward Frankland">Edward Frankland</a></li> <li>1895: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Weierstra%C3%9F" title="Karl Weierstraß">Karl Weierstrass</a></li> <li>1896: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Gegenbaur" title="Karl Gegenbaur">Karl Gegenbaur</a></li> <li>1897: <a href="/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker">Albert von Kölliker</a></li> <li>1898: <a href="/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">William Huggins</a></li> <li>1899: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">John William Strutt</a> (Lord Rayleigh)</li> <li>1900: <a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Pierre_Berthelot" title="Marcellin Pierre Berthelot">Marcellin Pierre Berthelot</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Joseph_Lister,_Copley_Medal_(gold),_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg/100px-Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg/150px-Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg/200px-Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3320" data-file-height="3289" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XIX_wiek)" title="Szablon:Laureaci Royal Medal (XIX wiek)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XIX_wiek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Royal Medal (XIX wiek) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XIX_wiek)&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (XIX wiek)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 20.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1826: <a href="/wiki/James_Ivory_(matematyk)" title="James Ivory (matematyk)">J. Ivory</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">J. Dalton</a></li> <li>1827: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Georg_Wilhelm_Struve" title="Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve">F.G.W. Struve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">H. Davy</a></li> <li>1828: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Franz_Encke" title="Johann Franz Encke">J.F. Encke</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" title="William Hyde Wollaston">W.H. Wollaston</a></li> <li>1829: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bell" title="Charles Bell">Ch. Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eilhard_Mitscherlich" title="Eilhard Mitscherlich">E. Mitscherlich</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 30.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1830: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Balard" title="Antoine Balard">A.J. Balard</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Brewster" title="David Brewster">D. Brewster</a></li> <li>1831–1832: nie przyznano</li> <li>1833: <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pyramus_de_Candolle" title="Augustin Pyramus de Candolle">A.P. de Candolle</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">J. Herschel</a></li> <li>1834: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Ch. Lyell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_William_Lubbock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John William Lubbock (strona nie istnieje)">J.W. Lubbock</a></li> <li>1835: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">M. Faraday</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton" title="William Rowan Hamilton">W.R. Hamilton</a></li> <li>1836: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Newport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Newport (strona nie istnieje)">G. Newport</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">J. Herschel</a></li> <li>1837: <a href="/wiki/William_Whewell" title="William Whewell">W. Whewell</a></li> <li>1838: <a href="/wiki/William_Fox_Talbot" title="William Fox Talbot">W.F. Talbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham" title="Thomas Graham">Th. Graham</a></li> <li>1839: <a href="/wiki/James_Ivory_(matematyk)" title="James Ivory (matematyk)">J. Ivory</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Barry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Barry (strona nie istnieje)">M. Barry</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 40.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1840: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Ch. Wheatstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">J. Herschel</a></li> <li>1841: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eaton_Hodgkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eaton Hodgkinson (strona nie istnieje)">E. Hodgkinson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Kane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Kane (strona nie istnieje)">R. Kane</a></li> <li>1842: <a href="/wiki/John_Frederic_Daniell" title="John Frederic Daniell">J.F. Daniell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Bowman" title="William Bowman">W. Bowman</a></li> <li>1843: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Ch. Wheatstone</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_David_Forbes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James David Forbes (strona nie istnieje)">J.D. Forbes</a></li> <li>1844: <a href="/wiki/George_Boole" title="George Boole">G. Boole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrews_(chemik)" title="Thomas Andrews (chemik)">Th. Andrews</a></li> <li>1845: <a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">G.B. Airy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Snow_Beck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Snow Beck (strona nie istnieje)">Th.S. Beck</a></li> <li>1846: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">M. Faraday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">R. Owen</a></li> <li>1847: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Fownes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Fownes (strona nie istnieje)">G. Fownes</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Grove" title="William Grove">W.R. Grove</a></li> <li>1848: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_James_Hargreave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles James Hargreave (strona nie istnieje)">Ch.J. Hargreave</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Galloway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Galloway (strona nie istnieje)">Th. Galloway</a></li> <li>1849: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sabine" title="Edward Sabine">E. Sabine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Mantell" title="Gideon Mantell">G. Mantell</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 50.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1850: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Brodie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Brodie (strona nie istnieje)">B. Brodie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham" title="Thomas Graham">Th. Graham</a></li> <li>1851: <a href="/wiki/William_Parsons" title="William Parsons">W. Parsons</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Newport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Newport (strona nie istnieje)">G. Newport</a></li> <li>1852: <a href="/wiki/James_Joule" title="James Joule">J.P. Joule</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Th.H. Huxley</a></li> <li>1853: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Ch. Darwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall" title="John Tyndall">J. Tyndall</a></li> <li>1854: <a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_von_Hofmann" title="August Wilhelm von Hofmann">A.W. von Hofmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">J.D. Hooker</a></li> <li>1855: <a href="/wiki/John_Obadiah_Westwood" title="John Obadiah Westwood">J.O. Westwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Hind" title="John Russell Hind">J.R. Hind</a></li> <li>1856: <a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(naturalista)" title="John Richardson (naturalista)">J. Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">W. Thomson</a> (Lord Kelvin)</li> <li>1857: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Frankland" title="Edward Frankland">E. Frankland</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lindley" title="John Lindley">J. Lindley</a></li> <li>1858: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albany_Hancock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albany Hancock (strona nie istnieje)">A. Hancock</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Lassell" title="William Lassell">W. Lassell</a></li> <li>1859: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cayley" title="Arthur Cayley">A. Cayley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Bentham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Bentham (strona nie istnieje)">G. Bentham</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 60.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1860: <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Volney_Waller" title="Augustus Volney Waller">A.V. Waller</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Fairbairn" title="William Fairbairn">W. Fairbairn</a></li> <li>1861: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">J.J. Sylvester</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Benjamin_Carpenter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Benjamin Carpenter (strona nie istnieje)">W.B. Carpenter</a></li> <li>1862: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_William_Williamson" title="Alexander William Williamson">A.W. Williamson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Thomas_Romney_Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Thomas Romney Robinson (strona nie istnieje)">J.T.R. Robinson</a></li> <li>1863: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Peter_Gassiot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Peter Gassiot (strona nie istnieje)">J.P. Gassiot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miles_Joseph_Berkeley" title="Miles Joseph Berkeley">M.J. Berkeley</a></li> <li>1864: <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Augustus_Lockhart_Clarke" title="Jacob Augustus Lockhart Clarke">J.A.L. Clarke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_De_La_Rue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warren De La Rue (strona nie istnieje)">W. De La Rue</a></li> <li>1865: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Smith (strona nie istnieje)">A. Smith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Prestwich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Prestwich (strona nie istnieje)">J. Prestwich</a></li> <li>1866: <a href="/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">W. Huggins</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Kitchen_Parker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Kitchen Parker (strona nie istnieje)">W.K. Parker</a></li> <li>1867: <a href="/wiki/John_Bennet_Lawes" title="John Bennet Lawes">J.B. Lawes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry_Gilbert" title="Joseph Henry Gilbert">J.H. Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Edmond_Logan" title="William Edmond Logan">W.E. Logan</a></li> <li>1868: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">A.R. Wallace</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Salmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Salmon (strona nie istnieje)">G. Salmon</a></li> <li>1869: <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Matthiessen" title="Augustus Matthiessen">A. Matthiessen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Maclear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Maclear (strona nie istnieje)">Th. Maclear</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 70.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1870: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Davidson" title="Thomas Davidson">Th. Davidson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hallowes_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hallowes Miller (strona nie istnieje)">W.H. Miller</a></li> <li>1871: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Busk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Busk (strona nie istnieje)">G. Busk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Stenhouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Stenhouse (strona nie istnieje)">J. Stenhouse</a></li> <li>1872: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_John_Carter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry John Carter (strona nie istnieje)">H.J. Carter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Anderson_(chemik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Anderson (chemik) (strona nie istnieje)">Th. Anderson</a></li> <li>1873: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_James_Allman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George James Allman (strona nie istnieje)">G.J. Allman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Enfield_Roscoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Enfield Roscoe (strona nie istnieje)">H.E. Roscoe</a></li> <li>1874: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clifton_Sorby" title="Henry Clifton Sorby">H.C. Sorby</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Crawford_Williamson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Crawford Williamson (strona nie istnieje)">W.C. Williamson</a></li> <li>1875: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Oldham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Oldham (strona nie istnieje)">Th. Oldham</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">W. Crookes</a></li> <li>1876: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Wyville_Thomson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Wyville Thomson (strona nie istnieje)">Ch.W. Thomson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Froude" title="William Froude">W. Froude</a></li> <li>1877: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Abel" title="Frederick Abel">F.A. Abel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Heer" title="Oswald Heer">O. Heer</a></li> <li>1878: <a href="/wiki/Albert_C.L.G._G%C3%BCnther" title="Albert C.L.G. Günther">A.C.L.G Günther</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Allan_Broun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Allan Broun (strona nie istnieje)">J.A. Broun</a></li> <li>1879: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Crombie_Ramsay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Crombie Ramsay (strona nie istnieje)">A.C. Ramsay</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Perkin" title="William Henry Perkin">W.H. Perkin</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 80.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1880: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Noble_(fizyk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Noble (fizyk) (strona nie istnieje)">A. Noble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">J. Lister</a></li> <li>1881: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hewitt_Jellett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hewitt Jellett (strona nie istnieje)">J.H. Jellett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Maitland_Balfour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Maitland Balfour (strona nie istnieje)">F.M. Balfour</a></li> <li>1882: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">J.W. Strutt</a> (Lord Rayleigh), <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Flower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Henry Flower (strona nie istnieje)">W.H. Flower</a></li> <li>1883: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Archer_Hirst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Archer Hirst (strona nie istnieje)">Th.A. Hirst</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Scott_Burdon-Sanderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Scott Burdon-Sanderson (strona nie istnieje)">J.S. Burdon-Sanderson</a></li> <li>1884: <a href="/wiki/George_Darwin" title="George Darwin">G. Darwin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Oliver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Oliver (strona nie istnieje)">D. Oliver</a></li> <li>1885: <a href="/wiki/David_Edward_Hughes" title="David Edward Hughes">D.E. Hughes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Lankester" title="Ray Lankester">R. Lankester</a></li> <li>1886: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tait" title="Peter Tait">P.G. Tait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">F. Galton</a></li> <li>1887: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Ross_Clarke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Ross Clarke (strona nie istnieje)">A.R. Clarke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Nottidge_Moseley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Nottidge Moseley (strona nie istnieje)">H.N. Moseley</a></li> <li>1888: <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Reynolds" title="Osborne Reynolds">O. Reynolds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Mueller" title="Ferdinand von Mueller">F. von Mueller</a></li> <li>1889: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Edward_Thorpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Edward Thorpe (strona nie istnieje)">Th.E. Thorpe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Holbrook_Gaskell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Holbrook Gaskell (strona nie istnieje)">W.H. Gaskell</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a8"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 90.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1890: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hopkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hopkinson (strona nie istnieje)">J. Hopkinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Ferrier" title="David Ferrier">D. Ferrier</a></li> <li>1891: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_William_Rucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur William Rucker (strona nie istnieje)">A.W. Rucker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lapworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Lapworth (strona nie istnieje)">Ch. Lapworth</a></li> <li>1892: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Pritchard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Pritchard (strona nie istnieje)">Ch. Pritchard</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Newport_Langley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Newport Langley (strona nie istnieje)">J.N. Langley</a></li> <li>1893: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Marshall_Ward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Marshall Ward (strona nie istnieje)">H.M. Ward</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Schuster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Schuster (strona nie istnieje)">A. Schuster</a></li> <li>1894: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J.J. Thomson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Horsley" title="Victor Horsley">V. Horsley</a></li> <li>1895: <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(oceanograf)" title="John Murray (oceanograf)">J. Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Alfred_Ewing" title="James Alfred Ewing">J.A. Ewing</a></li> <li>1896: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Geikie" title="Archibald Geikie">A. Geikie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Vernon_Boys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Vernon Boys (strona nie istnieje)">Ch.V. Boys</a></li> <li>1897: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Strachey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Strachey (strona nie istnieje)">R. Strachey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Forsyth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Forsyth (strona nie istnieje)">A. Forsyth</a></li> <li>1898: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(fizyk)" title="John Kerr (fizyk)">J. Kerr</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Gardiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Gardiner (strona nie istnieje)">W. Gardiner</a></li> <li>1899: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carmichael_McIntosh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Carmichael McIntosh (strona nie istnieje)">W.C. McIntosh</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Fitzgerald" title="George Francis Fitzgerald">G.F. Fitzgerald</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a9"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">rok 1900</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newton" title="Alfred Newton">A. Newton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Alexander_MacMahon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percy Alexander MacMahon (strona nie istnieje)">P.A. MacMahon</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png/100px-George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png/150px-George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109139824">0000000109139824</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/71473374">71473374</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n86864491">n86864491</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/119290944">119290944</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12385203d">12385203d</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/050329154">050329154</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Australii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Australii">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36020228">36020228</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/jx20061013018">jx20061013018</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p164019170">164019170</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99061055">99061055</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07955420">DA07955420</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1435884A">OL1435884A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%202004094687">n2004094687</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">OBIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/26872">26872</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007307054505171">987007307054505171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3981931.html">3981931</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Joseph-Sylvester">biography/James-Joseph-Sylvester</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/james-joseph-sylvester">james-joseph-sylvester</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/james-joseph-sylvester/">james-joseph-sylvester</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/3662199">3662199</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/james-joseph-sylvester">james-joseph-sylvester</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=James_Joseph_Sylvester">James_Joseph_Sylvester</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/james-joseph-sylvester/">james-joseph-sylvester</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0064786.xml">0064786</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=James_Joseph_Sylvester">James_Joseph_Sylvester</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=59198">59198</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory 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