CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91e974a3a99e6e7c',cH: 'hY_ufT79wAbhhTecmtn3gfEXFsLkLCf06AYV_0P8Yhg-1741679370-1.2.1.1-t37VVDhGgFetPezrd.yFhe09oCpnECNxfmnkuCK3D.SuBrLnK7NEaxMXyyXwCGWV',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=action&__cf_chl_tk=ldfCzOuwhK76rO_hcRkTObpXBukHnEi8DTwKcp25mbM-1741679370-1.0.1.1-Ij4_dchKe5fPs.t8lP3AA3d78NcdTmDhMKtQ5yvwFSw",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741679370',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=action&__cf_chl_f_tk=ldfCzOuwhK76rO_hcRkTObpXBukHnEi8DTwKcp25mbM-1741679370-1.0.1.1-Ij4_dchKe5fPs.t8lP3AA3d78NcdTmDhMKtQ5yvwFSw",md: "K0WKZvr5BTyZsfkhFVvUv.YXOIRu_aTQnRjA5GIjZFc-1741679370-1.2.1.1-zgMj5dwtvBuOnkbg85qYbEiOqmZtd.WoifrE6lEIzRPwxH4VjILLZmXnFTg.CdEdUGB_pdaWHUyLMgaiNbiP6eqiUenexWnM.POZB5.nOHoxIzBNVD0wkQYBfLubvU.hAeWRkU18Pp_f4QU37TNmImh23AQMu0FIUXgEJpiYNHbbJ5_GSdkCeP40No.WZEyfYY6ZRiAXoAaOo6EmDE0cw.ECBiDGSvqTti32q4hUWOaWai6HDVSSOdT50hyzlFLQ2ZtT96VI6mmzCpMaUoO1r.MI2FLC9IasSamloeKtlZpd9I2gi9jNx9KFT3qq8ysIGtx11Iyshn1.ALydc8.zzA6LivtZNZgCs46F9KewrBcgewsBWwHjz6v0kX6PE4HpfIEJGKRk123Wwie89TmSZbHNAoKWcTHpYcLL5SDvC7KjTVJDKMff8DwD85ULhZLjYdm4rUfmRaQwx7lR1aPuTCL1HxHJ5WUjDU.Eje.Au._TWrFz243wOxmHdvIqTvYyFrzBczC4UHo58JecSP1kVx0tNWBIfR7E7eM7LmOXJBaElzwMgFF7c2zqz1RfLpvUvNIsOukLI8u_GTAS9da9AXvCN1s51kqfmQ7tJ57RUiSvRRgt4ecXC0rTzka6464V6PX3yZnFVkjl_VrmwVjN9eS0lH1hehAH4Jvrvnt0WQOThI6mlemewDFJHSbyEaSxH2arRe9wUxmYbDjUo3VKEnt2CzvdU.h7_moENwS5w81vbSyTVSi_brQJe.VRsMArGt8IDqQj7rMmKx_2gApQRV4j9BKxZ4LJbn63_iKPkOlZY.MuJFbeM.50H4JZBG5Pn2Gwv3Tt5SFpzLL7D8upjz4TFPtrr3UT9SukGGaRHl6RzJdeG1SuKn2gPdcNXzFIvT4swsEGxcl8ulXeyCbWL15JhqetgACRve9LlC1rgrjo0D6dvY22sao9gutm5lFJuFebXLWWC_g1k0bOTy1RJmzhwfqonWh4nmn0bxq_ri3CZHZI3qUMoaSNn0aZYf4P.0y5jYH_mcWdGNuJ4tABj1TB6e7GZHVqVgPoyR69UKN3VaFA3.9wlsrF7lxYFqurw5GQJuJFSNTNfBx5MQkTuMY4YYR2N0YSNs7hZxjb.EAKVB4EmxM7xvdBclO3RcyWCkG_HmKJ1ZYcrZvPJC8Z_hr82nMZVi9Su9EbwymLq0PK6YKQB9W2FbvC5fhOyxAG1LMAJFP.XW_559tCRA2yzjnOBdNvS1Om4sJcYHBI_j6ns3cfj3Ofy4wabJaGaFxr",mdrd: "cAuxaoRwgJsZ0UhfWASQK2l6k6sLg9jhkGQGAww6ux4-1741679370-1.2.1.1-2gQia5lz0j0CByOzs21McZVxrCjL6ta6j3qlxOqsN3HukIIrIExeLVfSAwBy16bIxp2X12iauUiHNHqnOKkaGUo4dTtEdWH3ILJVC76cIg63ILEsj2niezi6x3zNpZjZG9HO301kIUY5_.i8hWYZOxlBTpwXGNajdykn6Tbj80lXB1xL1k1qNKZd43u80ho0Mg522RUUjdhBQAJ4rdjopIPBW9Vt4lSH6YLa012D2YqwpemLIuxrKZHl3zcGF0RbM6KN5OgDxTCyXF3hsZ99ks_9CB223j7K5z.zS3HVfex3bKq_aRT.FC0_f3YDNRAYbs.2zkVlj2dorF3EMja_zD7nKMnwDjcF5EytdIgEXVeRbvJ8hTBA4JPSZrE11OkBKaV8RNYdL_iQT4llRuBWBBuxtUZ3F1EHj7Eh7j6LeYYbfciFIkjTAFllQ1_qs9uyzkv5CdhbBa8p6M5a.SSaIwxGzwi73kVbUl.uwsJmC1.IHdUnxE_hkGl9lOm41iYoaxTDh47DRhEfFNPGyRvV0eVq75bCpVf.Uj7Sw5_dK11650Uzhjj8_.FRY3o3Vg_koZ1DnP5JSNc2evKMZVWFq5zlUwrrBHqTmnu.x4GYbVQy_EJJH19DvDps_jv7NjHY71UbwTuFTA7Wt_Q6ZVAlbww6xqEpyg8kUs0_dEz0MOfjNqQbvgesesOg9fqLweF._pgKuPkZyQyFg6pQCeUycqKVZkFlTnZK3_Lk3htzU3ZULhZWkkyC5OMkjNmv8H9HuzyPKgAffjKrFb2ykt2eVG3ewV2RuyN_6gUTQl_CQehAIsfD.JDz5oH9CobDyWr78VqZi2QnL0Vg3fxUWP7cy21yBp9igZvjtrgi9DvOsbqIzBqU6Pz6.qw0rn4c19pG.SyqAKDTlKQZT4YF6uh3Zj9.5BVQc0kOSO3yNaCTsODQ99m3j00zDen45bnHQpg.vWWCQh4cU3lJ1urtFhI6VFWK8JhpxcfhOet9b9A6_RNImYWU10xJ5m.3B_6ShLUc4ALExYFLE3RXHsrzKf8xVXUqNLazJYKzFQvVkhJp9n1vHa_uEr28UfwUctCX6zgktXYVU15Sdu.lOWokMttVXQcE6wP2vNmH35lEt0VAqAo3xW_CN.Qcsj.k3H2fLrcNh1ZYLj9uf7hVmqxes2pLPWAkgF1N_Y5UUHbsyzUOm5AHF8Ostd2tNk_zeVIYmyPCe59tznD7g24kCAKCZ_mIy.aWAxk7cYspPdO_3PJ_GwFqpy9Ht879biMKDn9avfM0O_SUG_3oYwtAuFrauhzQtNRPH4AEN1qQMHQaVzEib.lfNWyVERCRkpuno2wOX5CiHwptzmAUTC43fN6EWsd7UxenbAoDzQDUlzztBcjn5bIdI7BHx4myyDa0H_cUygVbwbuJCNcDBxJBi0tfcY4vH7idFEHtz.hB.pQr4j6_Cydlao1kM4h.poJaKsiv.SRmKewxa.3l4PiVQeaZC7i9Yt7YZni6YGW2Jdpxyd4TVFTMwqdJyET8C7vqzOYVWxGC16GJpgRvhsZeXUhSWw_fhbqNAw0jcUwCW6FjAJpKu5hi50TuBWfRF818fNO_M5Nyq1Uezoaav90kt_EiFM6djq38eV3niESwXjemFQUDJ6wsvYZMJCH6xfF2592R6ZHRxk6434nax_W1UXSUFZL8HQxgLO8M.W41yJa5NYAwLgiJL7eMSTwpp2qoOlTC1iKjZPRjslRP6Tgtf7odXM.wtVwUSuj61FP1sjtnJ_xx7woC3VUcDfJV_oMtz1X7oQRZAcCQrGgCV5J6daoIXgYJQxJrVQBuP_XBvmsU6xMIc807WmHCjRFmEpd8Yt.7wVU2tlppabo9sLiX92z4nxJ8SRHnbNPqyopXansnHgBjP9BRuJDScFB00UngGWQVkoo4s1.IDBcmZBvtdwOTBQhwyqIWOYCEIQwz2WnRmYT.ojg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91e974a3a99e6e7c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=action&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ldfCzOuwhK76rO_hcRkTObpXBukHnEi8DTwKcp25mbM-1741679370-1.0.1.1-Ij4_dchKe5fPs.t8lP3AA3d78NcdTmDhMKtQ5yvwFSw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>