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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shanghai Revolutionary Committee</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political authority in Shanghai from 1967 to 1979</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding-top:0; padding-bottom:0;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; line-height: 1;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn org">Shanghai Revolutionary Committee</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danghui.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/120px-Danghui.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/180px-Danghui.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/240px-Danghui.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CE1126;"><span style="color:#FFF700"></span><span style="color:#FFF700">Overview</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_committee_(China)" title="Revolutionary committee (China)">Provincial revolutionary committee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Elected by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> (<i>de facto</i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Congress" title="Shanghai Municipal People's Congress">Shanghai Municipal People's Congress</a> (<i>suspended</i>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CE1126;"><span style="color:#FFF700">History</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">23 February 1967</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Disbanded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">December 1979</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Shanghai_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Communist Party Shanghai Committee">Shanghai Municipal Committee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Government" title="Shanghai Municipal People's Government">Shanghai Municipal People's Government</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CE1126;"><span style="color:#FFF700">Leadership</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Peng_Chong" title="Peng Chong">Peng Chong</a> (final)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy Chairmen</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ni_Zhifu" title="Ni Zhifu">Ni Zhifu</a> (final)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Executive organ</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Standing Committee</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Administrative organ</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Secretariat</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CE1126;"><span style="color:#FFF700"></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CE1126;"><span style="color:#FFF700">Meeting place</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021_(cropped,_4to3_landscape).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021_%28cropped%2C_4to3_landscape%29.jpg/250px-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021_%28cropped%2C_4to3_landscape%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021_%28cropped%2C_4to3_landscape%29.jpg/375px-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021_%28cropped%2C_4to3_landscape%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021_%28cropped%2C_4to3_landscape%29.jpg/500px-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A9%E6%B1%87%E4%B8%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC2021_%28cropped%2C_4to3_landscape%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4237" data-file-height="3177" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Municipal Government Building, 12, <a href="/wiki/The_Bund" title="The Bund">The Bund</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Shanghai Revolutionary Committee</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_committee_(China)" title="Revolutionary committee (China)">revolutionary committee</a> that had administered the city of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> between 1967 and 1979. It was established on 24 February 1967, following the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_People%27s_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai People's Commune">Shanghai People's Commune</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, and replaced the former <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Shanghai_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Communist Party Shanghai Committee">Shanghai Municipal Committee</a> following its overthrow in the January Storm. The revolutionary committee was the first of its kind in China, and employed a "triple alliance" model where military personnel, revolutionary cadres, and the revolutionary masses jointly administered the government. <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a> is the committee's first chairman, while <a href="/wiki/Peng_Chong" title="Peng Chong">Peng Chong</a> was its last chairman. The committee was eventually disbanded during reforms in December 1979, when the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Government" title="Shanghai Municipal People's Government">Shanghai Municipal People's Government</a> was reintroduced. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Revolutionary_Committee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/January_Storm" title="January Storm">January Storm</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, influenced by <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoist</a> leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution_Group" title="Cultural Revolution Group">Cultural Revolution Group</a> and the publication of the <i>Sixteen Articles</i>, <a href="/wiki/Rebel_faction_(Cultural_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebel faction (Cultural Revolution)">rebel factions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> overthrew the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Shanghai_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Communist Party Shanghai Committee">Shanghai Municipal Committee</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chen_Pixian" title="Chen Pixian">Chen Pixian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cao_Diqiu" title="Cao Diqiu">Cao Diqiu</a> in January 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZheng1996481_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZheng1996481-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 February, rebel factions under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a> created a new transitional <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_committee_(China)" title="Revolutionary committee (China)">revolutionary committee</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_People%27s_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai People's Commune">Shanghai People's Commune</a>. It was modeled after the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a>, and was to adopt <a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">direct democracy</a> as its method of electing its leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi201620–21_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELi201620–21-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The events in Shanghai influenced other provinces to undertake similar actions, which resulted in the collapse of preexisting bureaucratic authorities, replaced by revolutionary committees modeled after Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBai20061_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBai20061-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, on 12 February 1967, following a discussion between <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> and top CRG leaders, Mao retracted his support for the commune as he was concerned that it would reduce the power of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZheng2019364_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZheng2019364-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 February, the decision was made to dissolve the commune and reform it as the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee, with the temporary committee made permanent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeisner1986349_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeisner1986349-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "triple alliance" system was employed in the committee, consisting of PLA military personnel, CRG revolutionary cadres, and the revolutionary masses from thirty-two major rebel factions in the city. In 1971, the Shanghai Municipal Committee was reconvened, and some of the powers of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee's powers were transferred to it. In December 1979, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Government" title="Shanghai Municipal People's Government">Shanghai Municipal People's Government</a> was reestablished, replacing the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiYuDingMa2004a_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiYuDingMa2004a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Revolutionary_Committee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout different periods of time, there were nine departments in the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee. Several departments originally composed within the Shanghai Municipal People's Government were suspended due to political changes in the Cultural Revolution, and were not resumed until the abolition of the authority in December 1979. </p> <ul><li>Combined planning statistical department (after October 1969)</li> <li>Industrial and transport department (after April 1968)</li> <li>Infrastructural development department (after January 1977)</li> <li>Rural development department (after February 1968)</li> <li>Science and technical department (after March 1967)</li> <li>Economic trade department (after May 1967)</li> <li>Culture and education department (after October 1968)</li> <li>Sports department (after June 1967)</li> <li>Family planning department (after December 1973)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiYuDingMa2004b_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiYuDingMa2004b-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Revolutionary_Committee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Directors">Directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Revolutionary_Committee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Zhang Chunqiao (February 1967 – October 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Zhenhua" title="Su Zhenhua">Su Zhenhua</a> (October 1976 – January 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Chong" title="Peng Chong">Peng Chong</a> (January 1979 – December 1979)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_deputy_directors">First deputy directors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Revolutionary_Committee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First deputy directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Wenyuan" title="Yao Wenyuan">Yao Wenyuan</a> (February 1967 – October 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni_Zhifu" title="Ni Zhifu">Ni Zhifu</a> (October 1976 – January 1979)</li> <li><i>Vacant</i> (January 1979 – December 1979)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi20151618–1637_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELi20151618–1637-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Revolutionary_Committee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_Storm" title="January Storm">January Storm</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_Countercurrent" title="February Countercurrent">February Countercurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Revolutionary_Committee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Revolutionary_Committee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZheng1996481-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZheng1996481_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZheng1996">Zheng 1996</a>, p. 481.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELi201620–21-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi201620–21_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLi2016">Li 2016</a>, p. 20–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBai20061-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBai20061_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBai2006">Bai 2006</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZheng2019364-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZheng2019364_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZheng2019">Zheng 2019</a>, p. 364.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeisner1986349-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeisner1986349_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeisner1986">Meisner 1986</a>, p. 349.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiYuDingMa2004a-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiYuDingMa2004a_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiYuDingMa2004a">Li et al. 2004a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiYuDingMa2004b-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiYuDingMa2004b_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiYuDingMa2004b">Li et al. 2004b</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELi20151618–1637-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi20151618–1637_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLi2015">Li 2015</a>, pp. 1618–1637.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Revolutionary_Committee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBai2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bai, Lei (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126090048/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/online/0607064.pdf">"從奪權到軍管：1967-1968年陝西省武鬥略述"</a> [From seizure of power to military control: A summary of violent struggles in Shaanxi Province, 1967–1968] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Twenty-First Century</i> (in Chinese) (52): 1–7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/online/0607064.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twenty-First+Century&rft.atitle=%E5%BE%9E%E5%A5%AA%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%B0%E8%BB%8D%E7%AE%A1%EF%BC%9A1967-1968%E5%B9%B4%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81%E6%AD%A6%E9%AC%A5%E7%95%A5%E8%BF%B0&rft.issue=52&rft.pages=1-7&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Bai&rft.aufirst=Lei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuhk.edu.hk%2Fics%2F21c%2Fmedia%2Fonline%2F0607064.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Revolutionary+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiYuDingMa2004a" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Li, Kaiya; Yu, Shunhua; Ding, Yi; Ma, Guojin (2004a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415054523/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node2245/node72907/node72912/node72926/node72946/userobject1ai85614.html">"第三节 – 市革命委员会"</a> [Part three – Shanghai Revolutionary Committee]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node2245/node72907/node72912/node72926/node72946/userobject1ai85614.html"><i>上海人民政府志</i></a> [<i>Directory of the Shanghai People's Government</i>] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787806815427" title="Special:BookSources/9787806815427"><bdi>9787806815427</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node2245/node72907/node72912/node72926/node72946/userobject1ai85614.html">the original</a> on 15 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2023</span> – via shtong.gov.cn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%8A%82+%E2%80%93+%E5%B8%82%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%BF%97&rft.place=Shanghai&rft.pub=Shanghai+Academy+of+Social+Sciences+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9787806815427&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Kaiya&rft.au=Yu%2C+Shunhua&rft.au=Ding%2C+Yi&rft.au=Ma%2C+Guojin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fnewsite%2Fnode2%2Fnode2245%2Fnode72907%2Fnode72912%2Fnode72926%2Fnode72946%2Fuserobject1ai85614.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Revolutionary+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiYuDingMa2004b" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Li, Kaiya; Yu, Shunhua; Ding, Yi; Ma, Guojin (2004b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220914004200/https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=1&bookId=72907&parentNodeId=72967&nodeId=86003&type=-1">"第六节 – 委员会主任"</a> [Part six – Revolutionary committee directors]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=1&bookId=72907&parentNodeId=72967&nodeId=86003&type=-1"><i>上海人民政府志</i></a> [<i>Directory of the Shanghai People's Government</i>] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787806815427" title="Special:BookSources/9787806815427"><bdi>9787806815427</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=1&bookId=72907&parentNodeId=72967&nodeId=86003&type=-1">the original</a> on 14 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2023</span> – via shtong.gov.cn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E8%8A%82+%E2%80%93+%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%BB&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%BF%97&rft.place=Shanghai&rft.pub=Shanghai+Academy+of+Social+Sciences+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9787806815427&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Kaiya&rft.au=Yu%2C+Shunhua&rft.au=Ding%2C+Yi&rft.au=Ma%2C+Guojin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fdifangzhi-front%2Fbook%2FdetailNew%3FoneId%3D1%26bookId%3D72907%26parentNodeId%3D72967%26nodeId%3D86003%26type%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Revolutionary+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Li, Xun (2015). <i>革命造反年代：上海文革运动史稿</i> [<i>The years of revolutionary rebellion: An essay on the history of the Cultural Revolution in Shanghai</i>] (in Chinese). Vol. 2. Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 1618–1637. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199441686" title="Special:BookSources/9780199441686"><bdi>9780199441686</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%80%A0%E5%8F%8D%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%87%E9%9D%A9%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pages=1618-1637&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780199441686&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Revolutionary+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2016" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Li, Xun (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c155-201605001.pdf">"巴黎公社原則在文革中的蛻變"</a> [The evolution of the principles of the Paris Commune in the Cultural Revolution] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Twenty-First Century</i>. June 2016 (115): 15–28 – via The Chinese University of Hong Kong.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twenty-First+Century&rft.atitle=%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87%E5%9C%A8%E6%96%87%E9%9D%A9%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%9B%BB%E8%AE%8A&rft.volume=June+2016&rft.issue=115&rft.pages=15-28&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuhk.edu.hk%2Fics%2F21c%2Fmedia%2Farticles%2Fc155-201605001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Revolutionary+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeisner1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Meisner" title="Maurice Meisner">Meisner, Maurice</a> (1986). "Part Five: The Cultural Revolution and its Aftermath, 1966–1976". <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maoschinaaftera00meis/page/n11/mode/2up"><i>Mao's China and after: A history of the People's Republic</i></a></span> (Revised ed.). New York: The Free Press. pp. 309–397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684856353" title="Special:BookSources/9780684856353"><bdi>9780684856353</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+Five%3A+The+Cultural+Revolution+and+its+Aftermath%2C+1966%E2%80%931976&rft.btitle=Mao%27s+China+and+after%3A+A+history+of+the+People%27s+Republic&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=309-397&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=The+Free+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780684856353&rft.aulast=Meisner&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaoschinaaftera00meis%2Fpage%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Revolutionary+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZheng1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zheng, Xianchen (1996). Yang, Xiancai (ed.). <i>上海"一月风暴"研究综述</i> [<i>A summary of the research on the "January Storm" in Shanghai</i>]. Second Research Department (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>: History of the Chinese Communist Party Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787800239236" title="Special:BookSources/9787800239236"><bdi>9787800239236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%22%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%22%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%BB%BC%E8%BF%B0&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=History+of+the+Chinese+Communist+Party+Publishing+House&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9787800239236&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Xianchen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Revolutionary+Committee" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|agency=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZheng2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zheng, Zhong (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305170035/https://books.google.com/books?id=mce2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA337&lpg=PA337&dq=%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD+%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD+%E5%BC%A0%E6%98%A5%E6%A1%A5&source=bl&ots=NHnzhs-CNg&sig=ACfU3U1cTi_xTWBls-0UXUM-HDDt1AHp4Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigoa_UgbnpAhWKZM0KHYjEDLUQ6AEwA3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%20%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%20%E5%BC%A0%E6%98%A5%E6%A1%A5&f=false%EF%BC%8C"><i>張春橋: 1949及其後</i></a> [<i>Zhang Chunqiao: 1949 and after</i>] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/The_Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press">The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789629966973" title="Special:BookSources/9789629966973"><bdi>9789629966973</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mce2DwAAQBAJ&q=%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD+%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD+%E5%BC%A0%E6%98%A5%E6%A1%A5%EF%BC%8C&pg=PA337">the original</a> on 5 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%BC%B5%E6%98%A5%E6%A9%8B%3A+1949%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%BE%8C&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pub=The+Chinese+University+of+Hong+Kong+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9789629966973&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Zhong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmce2DwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%25E4%25B8%2580%25E6%259C%2588%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD%2B%25E5%258D%2581%25E6%259C%2588%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD%2B%25E5%25BC%25A0%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25A1%25A5%25EF%25BC%258C%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Revolutionary+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Rightist_Campaign" title="Anti-Rightist Campaign">Anti-Rightist Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine" title="Great Chinese Famine">Great Chinese Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_Conference" title="Lushan Conference">Lushan Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Thousand_Cadres_Conference" title="Seven Thousand Cadres Conference">Seven Thousand Cadres Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Education_Movement" title="Socialist Education Movement">Socialist Education Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_Experience" title="Taoyuan Experience">Taoyuan Experience</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_to_the_Countryside_Movement" title="Down to the Countryside Movement">Down to the Countryside Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleansing_the_Class_Ranks" title="Cleansing the Class Ranks">Cleansing the Class Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Storm" title="January Storm">January Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Countercurrent" title="February Countercurrent">February Countercurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_incident" title="Wuhan incident">Wuhan incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">9th Party Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Strike-Three_Anti_Campaign" title="One Strike-Three Anti Campaign">One Strike-Three Anti Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_571" title="Project 571">Project 571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao_incident" title="Lin Biao incident">Lin Biao incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">10th Party Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Painting_incident" title="Black Painting incident">Black Painting incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticize_Lin,_Criticize_Confucius" title="Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius">Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_incident" title="Hangzhou incident">Hangzhou incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Banqiao_Dam_failure" title="1975 Banqiao Dam failure">1975 Banqiao Dam failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterattack_the_Right-Deviationist_Reversal-of-Verdicts_Trend" title="Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend">Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Incident_(1976)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Incident (1976)">1976 Nanjing incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Tiananmen_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Tiananmen Incident">1976 Tiananmen Incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massacres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_August" title="Red August">Red August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daxing_Massacre" title="Daxing Massacre">Daxing Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi_Massacre" title="Guangxi Massacre">Guangxi Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia_incident" title="Inner Mongolia incident">Inner Mongolia incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Cultural_Revolution_Massacre" title="Guangdong Cultural Revolution Massacre">Guangdong Massacre</a></li> <li>Hunan Massacres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daoxian_massacre" title="Daoxian massacre">Daoxian massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang_County_Massacre" title="Shaoyang County Massacre">Shaoyang County Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li>Yunnan Massacres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Jianmin_spy_case" title="Zhao Jianmin spy case">Zhao Jianmin spy case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadian_incident" title="Shadian incident">Shadian incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin_Massacre" title="Ruijin Massacre">Ruijin Massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shaoqi" title="Liu Shaoqi">Liu Shaoqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jiang_Qing" title="Jiang Qing">Jiang Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Wenyuan" title="Yao Wenyuan">Yao Wenyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen">Wang Hongwen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Dehuai" title="Peng Dehuai">Peng Dehuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Han_(historian)" title="Wu Han (historian)">Wu Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhu" title="Tao Zhu">Tao Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Boda" title="Chen Boda">Chen Boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongxing" title="Wang Dongxing">Wang Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Fuzhi" title="Xie Fuzhi">Xie Fuzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Dengkui" title="Ji Dengkui">Ji Dengkui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Li_(politician)" title="Wang Li (politician)">Wang Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Benyu" title="Qi Benyu">Qi Benyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Faxian" title="Wu Faxian">Wu Faxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Huizuo" title="Qiu Huizuo">Qiu Huizuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Chengwu" title="Yang Chengwu">Yang Chengwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zaidao" title="Chen Zaidao">Chen Zaidao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Yuanxin" title="Mao Yuanxin">Mao Yuanxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_List_of_Cadres_to_Be_Protected" title="A List of Cadres to Be Protected">A List of Cadres to Be Protected</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bombard_the_Headquarters" title="Bombard the Headquarters">Bombard the Headquarters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quotations_from_Chairman_Mao_Tse-tung" title="Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung">Quotations from Chairman Mao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hai_Rui_Dismissed_from_Office" title="Hai Rui Dismissed from Office">Hai Rui Dismissed from Office</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/May_16_Notification" class="mw-redirect" title="May 16 Notification">May 16 Notification</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Articles_of_Public_Security" title="Six Articles of Public Security">Six Articles of Public Security</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweep_Away_All_Cow_Demons_and_Snake_Spirits" title="Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits">Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Class_Origins" title="On Class Origins">On Class Origins</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newborn_socialist_things" title="Newborn socialist things">Newborn socialist things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_session" title="Struggle session">Struggle session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_fascism" title="Feudal fascism">Feudal fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-character_poster" title="Big-character poster">Big-character poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow_demons_and_snake_spirits" title="Cow demons and snake spirits">Cow demons and snake spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodline_theory" title="Bloodline theory">Bloodline theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_Revolution_Theory" title="Continuous Revolution Theory">Continuous Revolution Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seizure_of_power_(Cultural_Revolution)" title="Seizure of power (Cultural Revolution)">Seizure of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Violent struggle">Violent Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Divides_into_Two" title="One Divides into Two">One Divides into Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Wall" title="Democracy Wall">Democracy Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_opera" title="Revolutionary opera">Eight model plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty_dance" title="Loyalty dance">Loyalty dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_roader" title="Capitalist roader">Capitalist roader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiku_sitian" title="Yiku sitian">Yiku sitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learn_from_Daqing_in_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Learn from Daqing in industry">Learn from Daqing in industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learn_from_Dazhai_in_agriculture" title="Learn from Dazhai in agriculture">Learn from Dazhai in agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinking_Old_Ninth" title="Stinking Old Ninth">Stinking Old Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Black_Categories" title="Five Black Categories">Five Black Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Red_Categories" title="Five Red Categories">Five Red Categories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards" title="Red Guards">Red Guards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Faction_(Cultural_Revolution)" title="Conservative Faction (Cultural Revolution)">Conservative Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Guards" title="Little Red Guards">Little Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Faction_(Cultural_Revolution)" title="Rebel Faction (Cultural Revolution)">Rebel Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Guards" title="Scarlet Guards">Scarlet Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism_in_China" title="Left communism in China">Ultra-Left Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyao_Faction" title="Xiaoyao Faction">Xiaoyao Faction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Sixteenth_elements" title="May Sixteenth elements">May Sixteenth elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Man_Group" title="Five Man Group">Five Man Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution_Group" title="Cultural Revolution Group">Cultural Revolution Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Case_Examination_Group" title="Central Case Examination Group">Central Case Examination Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Organization_and_Propaganda_Leading_Group" title="Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group">Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengwulian" title="Shengwulian">Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_committee_(China)" title="Revolutionary committee (China)">Revolutionary committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang_Revolutionary_Committee" title="Heilongjiang Revolutionary Committee">in Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">in Shanghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61889_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="61889 Regiment">8341 Special Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sent-down_youth" title="Sent-down youth">Sent-down youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61_Renegades" title="61 Renegades">61 Renegades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barefoot_doctor" title="Barefoot doctor">Barefoot doctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker-Peasant-Soldier_student" title="Worker-Peasant-Soldier student">Worker-Peasant-Soldier student</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Seventh_Cadre_School" title="May Seventh Cadre School">May Seventh Cadre School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_River_Storm_and_Thunder" title="Xiang River Storm and Thunder">Xiang River Storm and Thunder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Mao Zedong's cult of personality">Mao Zedong's cult of personality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mango_cult" title="Mango cult">Mango cult</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_campaigns_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party">List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Whatevers" title="Two Whatevers">Two Whatevers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_Sun_(film)" title="Morning Sun (film)">Morning Sun (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_plenary_session_of_the_11th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boluan_Fanzheng" title="Boluan Fanzheng">Boluan Fanzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Enlightenment_(China)" title="New Enlightenment (China)">New Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scar_literature" title="Scar literature">Scar literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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