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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Begjin</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Libben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Libben</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Libben-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Subseksje Libben omklappe</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Libben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jonkheid_en_komôf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jonkheid_en_komôf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jonkheid en komôf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jonkheid_en_komôf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Houlik_en_widdosteat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Houlik_en_widdosteat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Houlik en widdosteat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Houlik_en_widdosteat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gûvernante_oan_it_Keninklik_Hof_fan_Siam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gûvernante_oan_it_Keninklik_Hof_fan_Siam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Gûvernante oan it Keninklik Hof fan Siam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gûvernante_oan_it_Keninklik_Hof_fan_Siam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wurkpaad_as_skriuwster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wurkpaad_as_skriuwster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Wurkpaad as skriuwster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wurkpaad_as_skriuwster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yn_'e_Feriene_Steaten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yn_'e_Feriene_Steaten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Yn 'e Feriene Steaten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yn_'e_Feriene_Steaten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yn_Kanada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yn_Kanada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Yn Kanada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yn_Kanada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anna_Leonowens_yn_fiksje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anna_Leonowens_yn_fiksje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anna Leonowens yn fiksje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anna_Leonowens_yn_fiksje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keppelings_om_utens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keppelings_om_utens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Keppelings om utens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keppelings_om_utens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> 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<div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anna Leonowens</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nei it artikel yn in oare taal gean. Beskikber yn 28 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="آنا ليونونز – Arabysk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آنا ليونونز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="انا ليونونز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انا ليونونز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Welsk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Deensk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Dútsk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Dútsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Ingelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Ingelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Spaansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="آنا لیونوونز – Perzysk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنا لیونوونز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Frânsk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD" title="Աննա Լեոնուենս – Armeensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աննա Լեոնուենս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Hongaarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Yndonezysk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Yndonezysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Italiaansk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="アナ・リオノウンズ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アナ・リオノウンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Koerdysk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="അന്ന ലിയോനോവൻസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്ന ലിയോനോവൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Nederlânsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="انا لیونونز – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انا لیونونز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Леонуэнс, Анна – Russysk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Леонуэнс, Анна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Servokroatysk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servokroatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Albaneesk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="แอนนา ลีโอโนเวนส์ – Thais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอนนา ลีโอโนเวนส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anna Leonowens" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%A7%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%87%E6%96%AF" title="安娜·李奧諾文斯 – Sineesk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安娜·李奧諾文斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sineesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234244#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Yntertaalkeppelings bewurkje" class="wbc-editpage">Keppelings bewurkje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nammeromten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="De sideynhâld sjen litte [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oerlis:Anna_Leonowens&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Oerlis oer de sideynhâld (noch net skreaun) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Oerlis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&veaction=edit" title="Dizze side bewurkje [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=edit" title="De boarnekoade fan dizze side bewurkje [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Boarne bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=history" title="Eardere ferzjes fan dizze side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Skiednis besjen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Helpmiddels" > <label 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Wikipedy</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fy" dir="ltr"><table class="toccolours vatop infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; clear:right; width:270px; padding:0px; margin-left:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#EEE8AA; color:#000000; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;" align="center" colspan="3">Anna Leonowens </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Leonowens_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portret fan Anna Leonowens troch Robert Harris (1849-1919)"><img alt="Portret fan Anna Leonowens troch Robert Harris (1849-1919)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Leonowens_Portrait.jpg/220px-Leonowens_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Leonowens_Portrait.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="423" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="3"><small>Portret fan Anna Leonowens troch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Harris_(skilder)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Harris (skilder) (noch net skreaun)">Robert Harris</a> (1849-1919)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#EEE8AA; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>persoanlike bysûnderheden</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">echte namme</td> <td colspan="2">Anna Harriette Leonowens </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">oare namme</td> <td colspan="2">Anna Harriet Emma Edwards </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">nasjonaliteit</td> <td colspan="2"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Keninkryk" title="Feriene Keninkryk">Britsk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">berne</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/5_novimber" title="5 novimber">5 novimber</a> <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">berteplak</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmednagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmednagar (noch net skreaun)">Ahmednagar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Britsk-Ynje" title="Britsk-Ynje">Britsk-Ynje</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">stoarn</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/19_jannewaris" title="19 jannewaris">19 jannewaris</a> <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">stjerplak</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">etnisiteit</td> <td colspan="2"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Flag_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/20px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/30px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/40px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ingelsen" title="Ingelsen">Ingelsk</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Yndia" title="Yndia">Yndiaask</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#EEE8AA; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>wurkpaad</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">berop/amt</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BBvernante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gûvernante (noch net skreaun)">gûvernante</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Bnderwizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ûnderwizer">ûnderwizeresse</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">aktyf as</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Skriuwster" class="mw-redirect" title="Skriuwster">skriuwster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maatskippij" title="Maatskippij">sosjaal</a> <a href="/wiki/Aktivist" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktivist">aktiviste</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">jierren aktyf</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a> – <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">bekendste <br />  wurk(en)</td> <td colspan="2"><i>The English Governess <br />   at the Siamese Court</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Anna Leonowens</b> (folút: <b>Anna Harriette Leonowens</b>; <a href="/wiki/Berne" class="mw-redirect" title="Berne">berne</a> as: <b>Anna Harriet Emma Edwards</b>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmednagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmednagar (noch net skreaun)">Ahmednagar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Britsk-Ynje" title="Britsk-Ynje">Britsk-Ynje</a>), <a href="/wiki/5_novimber" title="5 novimber">5 novimber</a> <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a> – <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kebek_(provinsje)" title="Kebek (provinsje)">Kebek</a>), <a href="/wiki/19_jannewaris" title="19 jannewaris">19 jannewaris</a> <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>) wie in <a href="/wiki/Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Ingelân">Ingelsk</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Bnderwizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ûnderwizer">ûnderwizeresse</a>, dy't ek aktyf wie as <a href="/wiki/Reisferhalen" class="mw-redirect" title="Reisferhalen">reisferhaleskriuwster</a> en <a href="/wiki/Maatskippij" title="Maatskippij">sosjaal</a> <a href="/wiki/Aktivist" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktivist">aktiviste</a>. Hja waard bekend troch har <a href="/wiki/Autobiografy" title="Autobiografy">autobiografyske</a> ferslach fan 'e perioade yn 'e <a href="/w/index.php?title=1860-er_jierren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1860-er jierren (noch net skreaun)">1860-er jierren</a> dat se oan it <a href="/wiki/Keninklik_hof" class="mw-redirect" title="Keninklik hof">keninklik hof</a> fan <a href="/wiki/Kening" title="Kening">kening</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongkut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongkut (noch net skreaun)">Mongkut</a> fan <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a> tsjinne, as <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BBvernante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gûvernante (noch net skreaun)">gûvernante</a> fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Bern_(persoan)" title="Bern (persoan)">bern</a> fan 'e kening. Hja publisearre dat yn <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a> ûnder de <a href="/wiki/Titel_(namme)" title="Titel (namme)">titel</a> <i>The English Governess at the Siamese Court</i>, dêr't <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Landon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Landon (noch net skreaun)">Margaret Landon</a> yn <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> har <a href="/wiki/Bestseller" title="Bestseller">bestseller</a>-<a href="/wiki/Roman" title="Roman">roman</a> <i>Anna and the King of Siam</i> op basearre. Yn <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> waard dy roman omset yn in <a href="/wiki/Toanielmusical" class="mw-redirect" title="Toanielmusical">toanielmusical</a> mei as titel <i>The King and I</i>, wêrfan't yn <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> de ferneamde ferfilming <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I_(film_%C3%BAt_1956)" title="The King and I (film út 1956)">The King and I</a></i> makke waard. By har <a href="/wiki/Libben" title="Libben">libben</a> wenne Leonowens yn <a href="/wiki/Britsk-Ynje" title="Britsk-Ynje">Britsk-Ynje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a> (miskien), <a href="/wiki/Austraalje_(l%C3%A2n)" title="Austraalje (lân)">Austraalje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapoer" title="Singapoer">Singapoer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Ingelân">Ingelân</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Steaten" title="Feriene Steaten">Feriene Steaten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>. Hja wie in <a href="/wiki/Suffrazjette" title="Suffrazjette">suffrazjette</a> dy't aksje fierde foar it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frouljuskiesrjocht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frouljuskiesrjocht (noch net skreaun)">frouljuskiesrjocht</a> en ien fan 'e oprjochters fan it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nijskotl%C3%A2nsk_Kolleezje_fan_Keunst_en_Untwerp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nijskotlânsk Kolleezje fan Keunst en Untwerp (noch net skreaun)">Nijskotlânsk Kolleezje fan Keunst en Untwerp</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libben">Libben</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Dielside bewurkje: Libben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Libben"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jonkheid_en_komôf"><span id="Jonkheid_en_kom.C3.B4f"></span>Jonkheid en komôf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Dielside bewurkje: Jonkheid en komôf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Jonkheid en komôf"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Pake" title="Pake">pake</a> oan <a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">memmekant</a> fan Anna Leonowens wie in William Vawdrey (of Vaudrey) Glascott, in út <a href="/wiki/Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Ingelân">Ingelân</a> ôfkomstich <a href="/wiki/Ofsier" title="Ofsier">ofsier</a>, dy't yn <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a> yn <a href="/wiki/Britsk-Ynje" title="Britsk-Ynje">Britsk-Ynje</a> arrivearre. Hy tsjinne yn it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leger_fan_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leger fan Bombay (noch net skreaun)">Leger fan Bombay</a>, in part fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Kriichsmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Kriichsmacht">kriichsmacht</a> fan 'e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britske_Eastyndyske_Kompanjy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britske Eastyndyske Kompanjy (noch net skreaun)">Britske Eastyndyske Kompanjy</a>, dy't it doe noch yn Britsk-Ynje foar it sizzen hie. Hy <a href="/wiki/Troud" class="mw-redirect" title="Troud">troude</a> blykber yn <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a>, mar oer syn <a href="/wiki/Oarehelte" title="Oarehelte">frou</a> is neat bekend, ek al waarden der foar lju fan syn <a href="/wiki/Maatskiplike_klasse" title="Maatskiplike klasse">maatskiplike klasse</a> doedestiden ornaris goede <a href="/w/index.php?title=Houliksregister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houliksregister (noch net skreaun)">houliksregisters</a> byholden. Neffens <a href="/wiki/Biografe" class="mw-redirect" title="Biografe">biografe</a> Susan Morgan kin dat folsleine en skynber opsetlike brekme oan ynformaasje oer syn frou inkeld betsjutte dat hja "net <a href="/wiki/Jeropa" title="Jeropa">Jeropeesk</a> wie". Morgan suggerearret dat se "foar 't neist [...] <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Ynjers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Ynjers (noch net skreaun)">Anglo-Yndysk</a> (fan mingd <a href="/wiki/Kom%C3%B4f" class="mw-redirect" title="Komôf">komôf</a>) [wie], berne yn Britsk-Ynje." Dat wie doedestiden in grutte skande en koe mar it bêst ferswein wurde. </p><p>Leonowens har <a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">mem</a>, it earste bern fan 'e Glascotts, waard berne yn <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> of <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a>. Sy troude op <a href="/wiki/15_maart" title="15 maart">15 maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1829" title="1829">1829</a>, doe't se trettjin of fjirtjin jier âld wie, mei in <a href="/wiki/Sersjant" title="Sersjant">sersjant</a> Thomas Edwards, in eardere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meubelmakker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meubelmakker (noch net skreaun)">meubelmakker</a> út <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a>. Leonowens wie de twadde <a href="/wiki/Dochter" title="Dochter">dochter</a> út 'e <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAsh%C3%A2lding" title="Húshâlding">húshâlding</a> fan har <a href="/wiki/%C3%82ldelju" class="mw-redirect" title="Âldelju">âldelju</a>, dy't berne waard op <a href="/wiki/5_novimber" title="5 novimber">5 novimber</a> <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>, in fearnsjier nei it <a href="/wiki/Ferstjerren" title="Ferstjerren">ferstjerren</a> fan har <a href="/wiki/Heit" title="Heit">heit</a>. Hja waard Anna Harriet Emma Edwards <a href="/wiki/Doop_(sakramint)" title="Doop (sakramint)">doopt</a>, mar letter feroare se op eigen manneboet de <a href="/wiki/Stavering" title="Stavering">stavering</a> fan har twadde <a href="/wiki/Foarnamme" title="Foarnamme">foarnamme</a> yn 'Harriette', wylst se hielendal ophold mei it brûken fan har trêde foarnamme Emma. </p><p>Anna har âldere <a href="/wiki/Suster" title="Suster">suster</a> Eliza Julia Edwards troude yn <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a> mei fyftjin jier mei <a href="/wiki/Sersjant-majoar" title="Sersjant-majoar">sersjant-majoar</a> James Millard. Harren dochter Eliza Sarah Millard troude yn <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a> mei sechstjin jier mei de 38-jierrige <a href="/wiki/Amtner" title="Amtner">amtner</a> Edward John Pratt. Hja wiene de âlden fan William Henry Pratt, in <a href="/wiki/Akteur" title="Akteur">akteur</a> dy't better bekend waard ûnder de <a href="/wiki/Artystenamme" class="mw-redirect" title="Artystenamme">artystenamme</a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a>. Leonowens karde it houlik fan har suster ôf en hie letter nea mear kontakt mei har. </p><p>Foar it meastepart fan har <a href="/wiki/Folwoeksen" class="mw-redirect" title="Folwoeksen">folwoeksen</a> <a href="/wiki/Libben" title="Libben">libben</a> hie Leonowens gjin kontakt mei har <a href="/wiki/Famylje_(besibskip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Famylje (besibskip)">famylje</a>. Sterker noch, se die war om har wiere oarsprong te fertsjustermoanjen troch te bewearen dat har <a href="/wiki/Famkesnamme_(efternamme)" class="mw-redirect" title="Famkesnamme (efternamme)">famkesnamme</a> Crawford wie, dat har berteplak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caernarfon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caernarfon (noch net skreaun)">Caernarfon</a> yn <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> wie en dat har heit in <a href="/wiki/Kaptein_(rang)" title="Kaptein (rang)">kaptein</a> wie. Dêrtroch beskerme se net inkeld harsels foar de skande fan har mingde komôf, mar ek har bern, dy't sûnder dat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stigma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stigma (noch net skreaun)">stigma</a> bettere kânsen hawwe soene om te slagjen yn it libben. Undersyk yn 'e moderne tiid wiisde út dat der yn 'e <a href="/wiki/Argiven" class="mw-redirect" title="Argiven">argiven</a> yn Caernarfon gjin spoar fan har of har famylje te finen is, wat as in grutte skok kaam foar it plak dat lang tige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grutskens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grutskens (noch net skreaun)">grutsk</a> op har west hie as ien fan 'e meast ferneamde ynwenners. </p><p>Leonowens har mem Mary wertroude nei it ferstjerren fan har earste <a href="/wiki/Oarehelte" title="Oarehelte">man</a> mei in Patrick Donohoe, in <a href="/wiki/Ierl%C3%A2n_(eil%C3%A2n)" title="Ierlân (eilân)">Iersk</a> <a href="/wiki/Soldaat" title="Soldaat">soldaat</a> by it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjenykorps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjenykorps (noch net skreaun)">sjenykorps</a> fan it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britske_Leger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britske Leger (noch net skreaun)">Britske Leger</a>. De <a href="/wiki/Relaasje_(ynterpersoanlike_b%C3%A2n)" title="Relaasje (ynterpersoanlike bân)">relaasje</a> tusken Leonowens en har <a href="/wiki/Styfheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Styfheit">styfheit</a> wie neat te noflik. Letter beskuldige hja him derfan dat er har en har suster Eliza ûnder druk set hie om mei folle âldere manlju te trouwen. Yn <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a> waard Donohoe út Britsk-Ynje wei oerpleatst nei de <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Keninkryk" title="Feriene Keninkryk">Britske</a> <a href="/wiki/Koloanje" title="Koloanje">koloanje</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aden_(Britske_koloanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aden (Britske koloanje) (noch net skreaun)">Aden</a>, op 'e súdpunt fan it <a href="/wiki/Arabysk_Skiereil%C3%A2n" title="Arabysk Skiereilân">Arabysk Skiereilân</a>. It is net bekend oft syn húshâlding meigie dêrhinne of efterbleau yn Ynje. Leonowens hold letter út dat se yn dyselde snuorje in trijejierrige rûnreis makke hie troch <a href="/wiki/Egypte" title="Egypte">Egypte</a> en it <a href="/wiki/Midden-Easten" title="Midden-Easten">Midden-Easten</a> mei de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ori%C3%AFntalist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oriïntalist (noch net skreaun)">oriïntalist</a> en <a href="/wiki/Predikant" title="Predikant">predikant</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Percy_Badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Percy Badger (noch net skreaun)">George Percy Badger</a> en de frou. Moderne biografyen beskôgje dat ferhaal lykwols as <a href="/wiki/Fiktyf" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiktyf">fiktyf</a>. It tinken is dat Leonowens de Badgers yn Ynje mette of reisferslaggen fan harres lies. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Anna_Leonowens_1862.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Anna_Leonowens_1862.jpg/180px-Anna_Leonowens_1862.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Anna_Leonowens_1862.jpg/270px-Anna_Leonowens_1862.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Anna_Leonowens_1862.jpg/360px-Anna_Leonowens_1862.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1190" /></a><figcaption>Anna Leonowens yn <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Houlik_en_widdosteat">Houlik en widdosteat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Dielside bewurkje: Houlik en widdosteat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Houlik en widdosteat"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Leonowens en har mem har styfheit nei Aden folgen, kearden se op it letst tsjin 'e ein fan <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a> yn Britsk-Ynje werom. Om dy tiid hinne troude Leonowens nammentlik yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poona (noch net skreaun)">Poona</a>, tsjin 'e beswieren fan har mem en styfheit yn, mei har earste <a href="/wiki/Ferkearing" title="Ferkearing">ferkearing</a> út har <a href="/wiki/Jonkheid" title="Jonkheid">jonkheid</a>: Thomas Leon (of Lane of Lean) Owens. Dyselde fusearre letter syn <a href="/wiki/Middelnamme" title="Middelnamme">middelnamme</a> en <a href="/wiki/Efternamme" title="Efternamme">efternamme</a> ta in nije eftenamme: Leonowens. Neffens Leonowens har <a href="/wiki/Autobiografy" title="Autobiografy">autobiografy</a> wie har man in legerofsier, mar dat wie net wier: yn it echt wied er in amtner. Yn <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a> sylde it jonge <a href="/wiki/Troude_pear" class="mw-redirect" title="Troude pear">troude pear</a>, beselskippe fan W.V. Glascott, in <a href="/wiki/Omke" title="Omke">omke</a> oan memmekant fan Leonowens, nei <a href="/wiki/West-Austraalje" title="West-Austraalje">West-Austraalje</a>. Underweis tusken <a href="/wiki/Singapoer" title="Singapoer">Singapoer</a> en <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> <a href="/wiki/Befalling" title="Befalling">befoel</a> Leonowens op see fan in <a href="/wiki/Poppe" title="Poppe">poppe</a>, in jonkje dat de namme Thomas krige. Op <a href="/wiki/8_maart" title="8 maart">8 maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a> litten se hast <a href="/wiki/Skipbrek" title="Skipbrek">skipbrek</a> doe't harren <a href="/wiki/Skip" title="Skip">skip</a>, de <i>Alibi</i>, op in hier nei wraksloech op in <a href="/wiki/Rif" class="mw-disambig" title="Rif">rif</a> foar de Westaustralyske <a href="/wiki/Kust" title="Kust">kust</a>. Tsien dagen letter berikten se Perth, dêr't Leonowens har man Thomas mei gauwens as amtner foar it koloniaal bestjoer oan it wurk koe. </p><p>Leonowens besocht yn Perth in <a href="/wiki/Skoalle" class="mw-redirect" title="Skoalle">skoalle</a> op te rjochtsjen foar jongedames út 'e hegere <a href="/wiki/Maatskiplike_klasse" title="Maatskiplike klasse">maatskiplike klassen</a>, en befoel der ek fan in twadde bern. Yn <a href="/wiki/Maart" title="Maart">maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a> krige se in trêde bern, in <a href="/wiki/Famke" title="Famke">famke</a> dat Avis neamd waard. Yn <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferfear" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferfear">ferfear</a> de húshâlding nei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynton_(strafkoloanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynton (strafkoloanje) (noch net skreaun)">Lynton</a>, in ôfhandige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strafkoloanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strafkoloanje (noch net skreaun)">strafkoloanje</a> benoarden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geraldton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geraldton (noch net skreaun)">Geraldton</a>, dêr't Thomas Leonowens oansteld waard as behearder fan 'e pleatslike <a href="/wiki/Winkel" title="Winkel">winkel</a>. Dêr befoel Leonowens fan in fjirde bern, har soan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_T._Leonowens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis T. Leonowens (noch net skreaun)">Louis</a>. Tsjin begjin <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a> wie de strafkoloanje opheft en kearde it gesin Leonowens werom nei Perth. Dêrwei sylden se yn <a href="/wiki/April" title="April">april</a> fan dat jier nei de Britske koloanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Singapoer_(Britske_koloanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singapoer (Britske koloanje) (noch net skreaun)">Singapoer</a>. Se setten har nei wenjen yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penang (noch net skreaun)">Penang</a>, yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britsk-Malakka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britsk-Malakka (noch net skreaun)">Britsk-Malakka</a>, dêr't Thomas Leonowens likernôch twa jier in <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotel</a> útbate foar't er hommels kaam te <a href="/wiki/Ferstjerren" title="Ferstjerren">ferstjerren</a> oan in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oerhaal_(serebraal_faskul%C3%AAr_aksidint)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oerhaal (serebraal faskulêr aksidint) (noch net skreaun)">oerhaal</a>. Hy waard op <a href="/wiki/7_maaie" title="7 maaie">7 maaie</a> <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a> <a href="/wiki/Begroeven" class="mw-redirect" title="Begroeven">begroeven</a>, wêrnei't Leonowens yn <a href="/wiki/Earmoede" title="Earmoede">earmoede</a> efterbleau as <a href="/wiki/Widdo" title="Widdo">widdo</a> mei twa bern, om't de beide âldsten yn 'e widze ferstoarn wiene. Om harsels, har dochter Avis en har soan Louis te ûnderhâlden, ferfear Leonowens nei Singapoer, dêr't se in skoalle begûn foar de bern fan Britske ofsieren. Dat wie <a href="/wiki/Jild" title="Jild">finansjeel</a> gjin súkses, mar it fêstige wol har <a href="/wiki/Reputaasje" title="Reputaasje">reputaasje</a> as ûnderwizeresse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gûvernante_oan_it_Keninklik_Hof_fan_Siam"><span id="G.C3.BBvernante_oan_it_Keninklik_Hof_fan_Siam"></span>Gûvernante oan it Keninklik Hof fan Siam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Dielside bewurkje: Gûvernante oan it Keninklik Hof fan Siam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Gûvernante oan it Keninklik Hof fan Siam"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a> naam Leonowens in oanbod oan fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tan_Kim_Ching&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tan Kim Ching (noch net skreaun)">Tan Kim Ching</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Konsul_(diplomaat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsul (diplomaat)">konsul</a> yn Singapoer foar it <a href="/wiki/Keninkryk_Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Keninkryk Siam">Keninkryk Siam</a> (no Tailân), om as <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BBvernante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gûvernante (noch net skreaun)">gûvernante</a> te tsjinjen oan it <a href="/wiki/Keninklik_hof" class="mw-redirect" title="Keninklik hof">hof</a> fan <a href="/wiki/Kening" title="Kening">kening</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongkut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongkut (noch net skreaun)">Mongkut</a> yn <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>. Se moast dêr modern (d.w.s. <a href="/wiki/Wittenskip" title="Wittenskip">wittenskiplik</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekularisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekularisme (noch net skreaun)">sekulier</a>) <a href="/wiki/Westerske_kultuer" class="mw-redirect" title="Westerske kultuer">Westersk</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Bnderrjocht" class="mw-redirect" title="Ûnderrjocht">ûnderrjocht</a> jaan, dat Westerske <a href="/wiki/Sindeling" title="Sindeling">sindelingen</a> net fersoargje koene of woene, oan 'e 39 <a href="/wiki/Bysliep" class="mw-redirect" title="Bysliep">bysliepen</a> en 82 bern fan 'e kening. Leonowens stjoerde har dochter Avis nei in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostskoalle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kostskoalle (noch net skreaun)">kostskoalle</a> yn Ingelân en naam har soan Louis mei nei Siam, dêr't se de <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Steaten" title="Feriene Steaten">Amerikaanske</a> misjonaris <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Beach_Bradley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Beach Bradley (noch net skreaun)">Dan Beach Bradley</a> opfolge as ûnderwizer oan it keninklik hof. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:King_Mongkut_and_Prince_Chulalongkorn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/King_Mongkut_and_Prince_Chulalongkorn.jpg/180px-King_Mongkut_and_Prince_Chulalongkorn.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/King_Mongkut_and_Prince_Chulalongkorn.jpg/270px-King_Mongkut_and_Prince_Chulalongkorn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/King_Mongkut_and_Prince_Chulalongkorn.jpg/360px-King_Mongkut_and_Prince_Chulalongkorn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kening" title="Kening">Kening</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongkut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongkut (noch net skreaun)">Mongkut</a> fan <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a> (l.) en syn erfgenamt, <a href="/wiki/Kroanprins" title="Kroanprins">kroanprins</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chulalongkorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chulalongkorn (noch net skreaun)">Chulalongkorn</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Leonowens ferfolle dy <a href="/wiki/Funksje_(posysje)" title="Funksje (posysje)">funksje</a> krapoan seis jier lang, oant <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>. Earst wie se inkeld ûnderwizeresse, mar letter waard se ek in soartemint <a href="/wiki/Sekretaresse" title="Sekretaresse">sekretaresse</a> foar kening Mongkut, alteast foar wat syn <a href="/wiki/Diplomatike" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatike">diplomatike</a> <a href="/wiki/Briefkerij" class="mw-redirect" title="Briefkerij">korrespondinsje</a> yn 'e <a href="/wiki/Ingelsk" title="Ingelsk">Ingelske</a> <a href="/wiki/Taal" title="Taal">taal</a> oanbelange. Hoewol't oan har posysje grut maatskiplik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prestiizje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prestiizje (noch net skreaun)">prestiizje</a> ferbûn wie en ek in beskate mjitte fan <a href="/wiki/Politike" class="mw-redirect" title="Politike">politike</a> ynfloed, sinnigen de betingsten fan har wurkferbân Leonowens net. Om't se dat net ûnder stuollen of banken stiek, begûn kening Mongkut har te beskôgjen as "in lestige frou en lestiger as de measten" (sa't er it sels yn in brief oan Leonowens omskreau). </p><p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a> wie Leonowens omreden fan har <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BBnens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sûnens (noch net skreaun)">sûnens</a> mei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferlof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferlof (noch net skreaun)">ferlof</a> yn Ingelân. Dêrwei besocht se fia brieven geunstiger betingsten te beävensearjen foar har weromkear oan it Siameeske hof. Har plannen rûnen lykwols op 'e non doe't kening Mongkut <a href="/wiki/Sykte" title="Sykte">siik</a> rekke en hommels kaam te ferstjerren. De kening neamde Leonowens en har soan Louis yn syn <a href="/wiki/Testamint_(akte)" title="Testamint (akte)">testamint</a>, mar liet harren neat nei. Syn opfolger, de fyftjinjierrige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chulalongkorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chulalongkorn (noch net skreaun)">Chulalongkorn</a>, in eardere <a href="/wiki/Learling" title="Learling">learling</a> fan Leonowens, skreau har in waarme <a href="/wiki/Tankberens" title="Tankberens">tankbrief</a>, mar nûge har net út om werom te kommen. Likegoed ûnderholden Leonowens en de nije kening fan Siam jierrenlang in freonlike <a href="/wiki/Briefkerij" class="mw-redirect" title="Briefkerij">briefkerij</a>. </p><p>Chulalongkorn fierde yn Siam maatskiplike en politike herfoarmings troch, lykas de ôfskaffing fan it gebod ta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prosternaasje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prosternaasje (noch net skreaun)">prosternaasje</a> (delbûgen oan 'e grûn ta) as men yn oanwêzigens fan 'e kening kaam. Leonowens woe letter hawwe dat sy him dy fernijings ynskúnd hie, doe't er noch har learling wie. In protte fan dy herfoarmings wiene lykwols doelen dêr't kening Mongkut al op oanarbeide. Yn <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>, doe't er 27 jier wie, kearde Leonowens har soan Louis wol werom nei Siam, dêr't kening Chulalongkorn him ta ofsier yn 'e keninklike <a href="/wiki/Kavalery" title="Kavalery">kavalery</a> beneamde. Hy troude mei Caroline Knox, in dochter fan 'e Britske konsul-generaal yn Bangkok <a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">sir</a> Thomas George Knox en dy syn Siameeske frou Prang Yen. Letter rjochte er ûnder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patronaazje_(maatskiplik_ferskynsel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patronaazje (maatskiplik ferskynsel) (noch net skreaun)">patronaazje</a> fan 'e kening de Louis T. Leonowens Company op, in súksesfolle <a href="/wiki/Hannel" title="Hannel">hannelsmaatskippij</a> wêrmei't er <a href="/wiki/Rykdom" title="Rykdom">ryk</a> waard. Itselde <a href="/wiki/Bedriuw" title="Bedriuw">bedriuw</a> is hjoed de dei ûnder deselde namme noch altyd yn Tailân aktyf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wurkpaad_as_skriuwster">Wurkpaad as skriuwster</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Dielside bewurkje: Wurkpaad as skriuwster" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Wurkpaad as skriuwster"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yn_'e_Feriene_Steaten"><span id="Yn_.27e_Feriene_Steaten"></span>Yn 'e Feriene Steaten</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Dielside bewurkje: Yn 'e Feriene Steaten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Yn 'e Feriene Steaten"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tsjin <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a> hie Leonowens har yn <a href="/wiki/New_York_(st%C3%AAd)" title="New York (stêd)">New York</a> nei wenjen set, dêr't se koart in skoalle foar famkes op <a href="/w/index.php?title=Staten_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staten Island (noch net skreaun)">Staten Island</a> hie. Dêrnjonken sette se útein mei it bydragen fan <a href="/wiki/Artikel_(publikaasje)" title="Artikel (publikaasje)">reisartikels</a> oan in <a href="/wiki/Tydskrift" title="Tydskrift">tydskrift</a> út <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_Monthly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantic Monthly (noch net skreaun)">Atlantic Monthly</a></i>. Ien dêrfan wie <i>The Favorite of the Harem</i>, dat troch <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> omskreaun waard as "in Eastersk <a href="/wiki/Romantyk_(leafde)" title="Romantyk (leafde)">leafdesferhaal</a> mei, blykber, in sterke basis fan wierheid". Doe't se murk dat der belangstelling foar bestie, wreide Leonowens har reisartikels út ta in twadielige <a href="/wiki/Autobiografy" title="Autobiografy">autobiografy</a>, wêrfan't it earste diel yn <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a> publisearre waard ûnder de <a href="/wiki/Titel_(namme)" title="Titel (namme)">titel</a> <i>The English Governess at the Siamese Court</i> ("De Ingelske Gûvernante oan it Siameeske Hof"). Dêrmei wûn se op slach in beskate bekendheid, mar teffens kaam it har op beskulgings fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensasjonalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensasjonalisme (noch net skreaun)">sensasjonalisme</a> te stean. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Mrs._Anna_H._Leonowens_and_grandchildren,_Montreal,_QC,_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mrs._Anna_H._Leonowens_and_grandchildren%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1911.jpg/250px-Mrs._Anna_H._Leonowens_and_grandchildren%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mrs._Anna_H._Leonowens_and_grandchildren%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1911.jpg/330px-Mrs._Anna_H._Leonowens_and_grandchildren%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mrs._Anna_H._Leonowens_and_grandchildren%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1911.jpg/500px-Mrs._Anna_H._Leonowens_and_grandchildren%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="3001" /></a><figcaption>Anna Leonowens yn <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a> yn <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> mei har <a href="/wiki/Beppesizzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Beppesizzer">beppesizzers</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Yn it boek seach Leonowens <a href="/wiki/Kritysk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kritysk">kritysk</a> werom op it libben oan it hof fan kening Mongkut. Har ferslach is net altyd flaaikjend en yn it moderne Tailân is it boek dêrom noch altyd kontroversjeel. Leonowens waard derfan beskuldige dat se har ynfloed oer de kening yn it boek skromelik oerdreau, en ek dat se der dingen bybetocht hie dy't hielendal net wier bard wiene. Yn <i>The English Governess at the Siamese Court</i> skreau se bygelyks dat sy en kening Mongkut ferskate kearen <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBzje" title="Rûzje">spul</a> krigen oer it bestean fan <a href="/wiki/Slavernij" title="Slavernij">slavernij</a> yn Siam, wat sy as <a href="/wiki/Abolisjonisme" title="Abolisjonisme">abolisjoniste</a> ôfskaft hawwe woe, mar wat de kening as in lânseigen <a href="/wiki/Tradysje" title="Tradysje">tradysje</a> beskôge dêr't neat op oan te merken foel. <a href="/wiki/Kritisy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kritisy">Kritisy</a> fan Leonowens wize derop dat Mongkut foarôfgeande oan syn keningskip 27 jier lang in <a href="/wiki/Boedisme" title="Boedisme">boedistyske</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BBnts" class="mw-redirect" title="Mûnts">mûnts</a> en letter <a href="/wiki/Abt" title="Abt">abt</a> west hie, en dat syn <a href="/wiki/Religieuze" class="mw-redirect" title="Religieuze">religieuze</a> <a href="/wiki/Oplieding" title="Oplieding">oplieding</a> en ropping nea de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wredens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wredens (noch net skreaun)">wrede</a>, eksintrike en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ego%C3%AFsme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egoïsme (noch net skreaun)">egoïstyske</a> mienings tastien hawwe soe dy't Leonowens him yn har boek yn 'e mûle lei. </p><p>Leonowens wie in <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">feministe</a>, en yn har skriuwerij lei hja de klam op wat sy seach as de ûnderdrukking fan 'e Siameeske froulju, net yn it lêste plak foar wat deselden oangie dy't fan 'e widere maatskippij isolearre wiene yn 'e <i>Nang Harm</i>, de keninklike <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harem (noch net skreaun)">harem</a>. Se skreau dat Mongkut oer it algemien in <a href="/wiki/Progressyf" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressyf">progressyf</a> hearsker west hie, mar dat er gebrûken as prosternaasje en de tradisjonele posysje fan 'e frou, dy't neffens har delkaam op <a href="/wiki/Seksuele_slavernij" title="Seksuele slavernij">seksuele slavernij</a>, behâlde woe. </p><p>Yn it twadde diel fan 'e autobiografy, <i>Romance of the Harem</i>, dat yn <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a> útbrocht waard, naam Leonowens ferhalen op dy't basearre wiene op <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabberij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabberij (noch net skreaun)">rabberij</a> dy't har yn it <a href="/wiki/Paleis" title="Paleis">paleis</a> berikt hie. Dêrûnder wie de <a href="/wiki/Marteling" title="Marteling">marteling</a> en <a href="/wiki/Terjochtstelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Terjochtstelling">terjochtstelling</a> fan Tuptim, ien fan 'e keninklike <a href="/wiki/Konkubine" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkubine">konkubines</a> troch de kening sels. Dat ferhaal mist eltse <a href="/wiki/Objektive" class="mw-redirect" title="Objektive">objektive</a> boarne en wurdt troch kritisy planút ôfwiisd om't it totaal net oerienkomme soe mei it <a href="/wiki/Histoarysk" class="mw-redirect" title="Histoarysk">histoaryske</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karakter_(persoanlikheid)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karakter (persoanlikheid) (noch net skreaun)">karakter</a> fan Mongkut. In <a href="/wiki/Oerpakesizzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oerpakesizzer">oerpakesizzer</a> fan 'e kening, <a href="/wiki/Prinsesse" class="mw-redirect" title="Prinsesse">prinsesse</a> Vudhichalerm Vudhijaya (b. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>) sei dêroer yn in <a href="/wiki/Fraachpetear" title="Fraachpetear">fraachpetear</a> út <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>: "Kening Mongkut droech 27 jier lang de mûntsekape foar't er kening waard. Hy soe nea opdracht jûn hawwe ta in terjochtstelling. Sa dogge <a href="/wiki/Boedisme" title="Boedisme">boedisten</a> net." Dêr heakke hja oan ta dat Tuptim eins har <a href="/wiki/Beppe" title="Beppe">beppe</a> wie, troud mei kening Chulalongkorn (dy't 36 froulju hie). </p><p>Yn 'e tiid dat se yn 'e Feriene Steaten tahold, fertsjinne Leonowens ek wat breanedich jild troch <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAzing_(taspraak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lêzing (taspraak)">lêzings</a> te hâlden. By begoedige partikulieren thús of ûnder de auspysjes fan <a href="/wiki/Organisaasje" title="Organisaasje">organisaasjes</a> as it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Histoarysk_Genoatskip_fan_Long_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Histoarysk Genoatskip fan Long Island (noch net skreaun)">Histoarysk Genoatskip fan Long Island</a> (LIHS) spriek hja oer ûnderwerpen as <i>Kristlike Sinding oan Heidenske Lannen</i> en <i>It Ryk Siam en de Stêd fan 'e Bewale Froulju</i>. Leonowens koe har troch de <a href="/wiki/Populariteit" title="Populariteit">populariteit</a> fan har boeken ek by <a href="/wiki/Liter%C3%AAr" class="mw-redirect" title="Literêr">literêre</a> fermiddens yn New York en Boston jaan en kaam sa yn 'e kunde mei ferneamde persoanen lykas <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a>, de skriuwer fan <a href="/wiki/Gedicht" class="mw-redirect" title="Gedicht">gedichten</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Hiawatha" class="mw-redirect" title="The Song of Hiawatha">The Song of Hiawatha</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangeline_(gedicht)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangeline (gedicht) (noch net skreaun)">Evangeline</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_Ride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Revere's Ride (noch net skreaun)">Paul Revere's Ride</a></i> en <i><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Passage_(gedicht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds of Passage (gedicht)">Birds of Passage</a></i>, en <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a>, skriuwster fan 'e abolisjonistyske roman <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin (noch net skreaun)">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i>. Nei eigen sizzen hie Leonowens mei har yntroduksje fan dat lêste boek oan it Siameeske keninklik hof it proses fan 'e ôfskaffing fan 'e slavernij troch kening Chulalongkorn yn gong set (dat proses begûn yn <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a> en berikte syn doel yn <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>). </p><p>Underwilens hie Leonowens har soan Louis yn 'e Feriene Steaten sa'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skuld_(jild)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skuld (jild) (noch net skreaun)">skulden</a> opdien, dat er yn <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a> de wyk naam nei it bûtenlân. Dat wie de reden dat er úteinlik, njoggen jier letter, weromkearde nei Siam. Nei syn ôfreis út 'e Feriene Steaten rekke er ferfrjemde fan syn mem en hiene se njoggentjin jier lang gjin gedoente mei-inoar. Sels gie Leonowens yn <a href="/wiki/Oktober" title="Oktober">oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a> wer oant it wurk as ûnderwizeresse oan 'e Berkeley School yn <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_(New_York)" title="Manhattan (New York)">Manhattan</a>, dêr't se op <a href="/wiki/Wurkdagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wurkdagen">wurkdagen</a> <a href="/wiki/Moarn_(deidiel)" title="Moarn (deidiel)">moarns</a> lesjoech. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Leonowens_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Leonowens_001.jpg/250px-Leonowens_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Leonowens_001.jpg/500px-Leonowens_001.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>It <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%AAf" title="Grêf">grêf</a> fan Anna Leonowens yn <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yn_Kanada">Yn Kanada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Dielside bewurkje: Yn Kanada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Yn Kanada"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dat duorre lykwols net lang. Yn <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a> wie Leonowens har dochter Avis Annie Crawford Connybeare troud mei in Thomas Fyshe, in <a href="/wiki/Skotl%C3%A2n" title="Skotlân">Skotske</a> <a href="/wiki/Bankier" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankier">bankier</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Algemien_direkteur" title="Algemien direkteur">algemien direkteur</a> fan 'e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bank_fan_Nij-Skotl%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bank fan Nij-Skotlân (noch net skreaun)">Bank fan Nij-Skotlân</a> yn it <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadeeske</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halifax_(Nij-Skotl%C3%A2n)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halifax (Nij-Skotlân) (noch net skreaun)">Halifax</a>. Dêrmei kaam der in ein oan 'e jildsoargen fan Leonowens en har dochter, en úteinlings loek hja by Avis en Thomas yn en wie Halifax njoggentjin jier lang har offisjele wenplak. Yn wurklikheid wie Leonowens faker fuort as thús, mei't se suver oan ien wei troch oer de wrâld reizge. Sa besocht se yn <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a> it <a href="/wiki/Keizerryk_Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Keizerryk Ruslân">Keizerryk Ruslân</a>, koart nei de <a href="/wiki/Moard" title="Moard">moard</a> op <a href="/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar">tsaar</a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_II_fan_Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Aleksander II fan Ruslân">Aleksander II</a>. Har reizen beskreau se yn fierdere reisartikels en reisboeken. </p><p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a> mette Leonowens tritich jier nei har ferbliuw yn Siam kening Chulalongkorn wer doe't se allebeide tagelyk Londen oandiene. Under har <a href="/w/index.php?title=Audi%C3%AFnsje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audiïnsje (noch net skreaun)">audiïnsje</a> by de kening griep dyselde de kâns oan om har persoanlik te betankjen foar alles dat se foar him en syn heit dien hie, mar teffens joech er utering oan syn <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Bntsetting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ûntsetting (noch net skreaun)">ûntsetting</a> oer de ûnsekuerens fan har boeken. Omtrint <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> ferhuze Leonowens fan Halifax nei <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, yn <a href="/wiki/Kebek_(provinsje)" title="Kebek (provinsje)">Kebek</a>, dêr't se as <a href="/wiki/Suffrazjette" title="Suffrazjette">suffrazjette</a> aktyf wie yn 'e striid foar it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frouljuskiesrjocht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frouljuskiesrjocht (noch net skreaun)">frouljuskiesrjocht</a>. Hja <a href="/wiki/Ferstoar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferstoar">ferstoar</a> dêre op <a href="/wiki/19_jannewaris" title="19 jannewaris">19 jannewaris</a> <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a> yn 'e <a href="/wiki/%C3%82lderdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Âlderdom">âlderdom</a> fan 83 jier. Leonowens waard <a href="/wiki/Begroeven" class="mw-redirect" title="Begroeven">begroeven</a> op it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Royal_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Royal Cemetery (noch net skreaun)">Mount Royal Cemetery</a> yn Montreal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anna_Leonowens_yn_fiksje">Anna Leonowens yn fiksje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Dielside bewurkje: Anna Leonowens yn fiksje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Anna Leonowens yn fiksje"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> kaam de <a href="/wiki/Roman" title="Roman">roman</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_and_the_King_of_Siam_(roman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna and the King of Siam (roman) (noch net skreaun)">Anna and the King of Siam</a></i> út, dy't troch skriuwster <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Landon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Landon (noch net skreaun)">Margaret Landon</a> basearre wie op 'e memoires fan Leonowens. It boek joech in <a href="/wiki/Fiksje" title="Fiksje">fiksjonalisearre</a> byld fan it ferbliuw fan Anna Leonowens oan it keninklik hof fan Siam, wêrby't fral it <a href="/wiki/Abolisjonisme" title="Abolisjonisme">abolisjonistyske</a> <a href="/wiki/Tema" title="Tema">tema</a> fet oanset waard, mei't dat oansloech by it Amerikaanske <a href="/wiki/Publyk" title="Publyk">publyk</a>. Om't it boek in grutte <a href="/wiki/Bestseller" title="Bestseller">bestseller</a> waard, is dizze foarm fan it ferhaal it bekendst wurden. Yn <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> waard de roman troch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talbot_Jennings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talbot Jennings (noch net skreaun)">Talbot Jennings</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sally_Benson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sally Benson (noch net skreaun)">Sally Benson</a> omwurke ta in <a href="/wiki/Senario" title="Senario">senario</a>, dat datselde jiers ferfilme waard as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_and_the_King_of_Siam_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna and the King of Siam (film) (noch net skreaun)">Anna and the King of Siam</a></i>, mei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irene_Dunne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irene Dunne (noch net skreaun)">Irene Dunne</a> as Leonowens en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Harrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rex Harrison (noch net skreaun)">Rex Harrison</a> as kening Mongkut. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Lawrence_Brynner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lawrence_Brynner.jpg/250px-Lawrence_Brynner.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lawrence_Brynner.jpg/375px-Lawrence_Brynner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Lawrence_Brynner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="381" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gertrude_Lawrence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gertrude Lawrence (noch net skreaun)">Gertrude Lawrence</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yul_Brynner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yul Brynner (noch net skreaun)">Yul Brynner</a> yn <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> by in <a href="/wiki/Foarstelling_(optreden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foarstelling (optreden)">foarstelling</a> fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Toanielmusical" class="mw-redirect" title="Toanielmusical">toanielmusical</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_King_and_I_(musical)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The King and I (musical) (noch net skreaun)">The King and I</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>De Taiske <a href="/wiki/Bruorren" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruorren">bruorren</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_Pramoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni Pramoj (noch net skreaun)">Seni</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kukrit_Pramoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kukrit Pramoj (noch net skreaun)">Kukrit Pramoj</a> tekenen, yn reäksje op 'e film, yn <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> harren eigen ferslach op, wêryn't se it ferbliuw fan Leonowens oan it Siameeske keninklik hof út in Taisk perspektyf wei beskreaune. Se stjoerden dat wurk ta oan 'e Amerikaanske <a href="/wiki/Politikus" title="Politikus">politikus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Diplomaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomaat">diplomaat</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbot_Low_Moffat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbot Low Moffat (noch net skreaun)">Abbot Low Moffat</a> (<a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>-<a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>), dy't it brûkte as ien fan 'e boarnen foar syn <a href="/wiki/Biografy" title="Biografy">biografy</a> <i>Mongkut, the King of Siam</i> út <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>. Hy skonk it <a href="/wiki/Manuskript" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuskript">manuskript</a> fan 'e bruorren Pramoj letter dat jier oan 'e Amerikaanske <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. </p><p>Landon hie lykwols it <a href="/wiki/Kultureel_ikoan" title="Kultureel ikoan">ikoanyske</a> byld fan Leonowens skepen as de personifikaasje fan 'e eksintrike <a href="/wiki/Fiktoriaanske_Tiid" title="Fiktoriaanske Tiid">fiktoriaanske</a> wrâldreizichster. Har roman waard troch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Rodgers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Rodgers (noch net skreaun)">Richard Rodgers</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscar_Hammerstein_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscar Hammerstein II (noch net skreaun)">Oscar Hammerstein II</a> adaptearre ta de <a href="/wiki/Toanielmusical" class="mw-redirect" title="Toanielmusical">toanielmusical</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_King_and_I_(musical)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The King and I (musical) (noch net skreaun)">The King and I</a></i>, dy't yn <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> mei grut súkses iepene op <a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadway (noch net skreaun)">Broadway</a>. Yn it stik waard de rol fan Leonowens spile troch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gertrude_Lawrence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gertrude Lawrence (noch net skreaun)">Gertrude Lawrence</a>, wylst <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yul_Brynner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yul Brynner (noch net skreaun)">Yul Brynner</a> de rol fan kening Mongkut fertolke. De musical waard 1.246 kear opfierd op Broadway en wie ek op oare plakken, wêrûnder it Londenske <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_End_(Londen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West End (Londen) (noch net skreaun)">West End</a>, in grut súkses. Yn <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> waard de musical ûnder <a href="/wiki/Rezjy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rezjy">rezjy</a> fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Lang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Lang (noch net skreaun)">Walter Lang</a> ferfilme as <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I_(film_%C3%BAt_1956)" title="The King and I (film út 1956)">The King and I</a></i>, mei Yul Brynner wer as kening Mongkut, wylst <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> de rol fan Leonowens oernaam fan 'e ûnderwilens oan <a href="/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker">kanker</a> ferstoarne Lawrence. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Humor" title="Humor">humoristyske</a> ôfskildering fan Mongkut as in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polka (noch net skreaun)">polkadûnsjende</a> <a href="/wiki/Diktator" title="Diktator">despoat</a>, en teffens de klearblyklike <a href="/wiki/Romantyk_(leafde)" title="Romantyk (leafde)">romantyske</a> <a href="/wiki/Gefoelens" class="mw-redirect" title="Gefoelens">gefoelens</a> dy't Anna en de kening foarinoar hawwe, wurdt yn Tailân, dêr't de kening ek tsjintwurdich noch as in soarte fan libbene <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">god</a> sjoen wurdt, feroardiele as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mislediging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mislediging (noch net skreaun)">misledigjend</a>. De musical fan Rodgers en Hammerstein en de ferfilming dêrfan waarden sadwaande yn Tailân ferbean. Yn <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> lei de Taiske <a href="/wiki/Ambassadeur" title="Ambassadeur">ambassadeur</a> yn 'e Feriene Steaten út dat dat ferbod net opheft wurde sil om't musical en film njonken de belediging fan kening Mongkut ek in mar skraachoan ferburgen delsjen omfetsje op 'e hiele Siameeske naasje as bernich en ynferieur oan 'e <a href="/wiki/Westerske_kultuer" class="mw-redirect" title="Westerske kultuer">Westerske kultuer</a>. De filmferzje út <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> waard earst wol tastien, hoewol't it regear fan it krekt ûnôfhinklike <a href="/wiki/Yndia" title="Yndia">Yndia</a> der yn <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> it near op lei om't de film in ûnsekuere ôfskildering en in midlediging wêze soe troch Westerlingen fan in Easterske foarst. Yn <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> besleat it Taiske regear dat de film yn Tailân likemin noch te sjen wêze mocht. De boeken <i>An English Governess at the Siamese Court</i> en <i>Romance in the Harem</i> fan Leonowens, dêr't <a href="/wiki/Oersetting" title="Oersetting">oersettings</a> yn it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taisk (noch net skreaun)">Taisk</a> fan besteane, waarden yn Tailân lykwols net ferbean. </p><p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a> produsearre <a href="/wiki/Filmstudio" title="Filmstudio">filmstudio</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=20th_Century_Fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20th Century Fox (noch net skreaun)">20th Century Fox</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tillefyzjesearje" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillefyzjesearje">tillefyzjesearje</a> op basis fan 'e musical, dy't <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_and_the_King_(tillefyzjesearje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna and the King (tillefyzjesearje) (noch net skreaun)">Anna and the King</a></i> hiet. Dat wie sels gjin musical. De rol fan Leonowens waard spile troch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samantha_Eggert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samantha Eggert (noch net skreaun)">Samantha Eggert</a>, wylst de op jierren reitsjende Yul Brynner wer yn 'e hûd fan kening Mongkut kroep. Skriuwster Margaret Landon beskuldige de makkers fan 'e searje fan "ynakkurate en skeinde ôfskilderings" fan har literêr eigendom en spande om 'e nocht in <a href="/wiki/Rjochtsaak" title="Rjochtsaak">rjochtsaak</a> oan foar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ynbrek_op_auteursrjocht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ynbrek op auteursrjocht (noch net skreaun)">ynbrek op auteursrjocht</a>. De searje wie lykwols gjin súkses en waard al nei trettjin <a href="/wiki/%C3%94flevering" class="mw-redirect" title="Ôflevering">ôfleverings</a> stopset. </p><p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> brocht <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warner_Bros._Animation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warner Bros. Animation (noch net skreaun)">Warner Bros. Animation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tekenfilm" title="Tekenfilm">tekenfilmferzje</a> fan it ferhaal út, mei as titel <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_King_and_I_(film_%C3%BAt_1999)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The King and I (film út 1999) (noch net skreaun)">The King and I</a></i>, wêrfoar't de <a href="/wiki/Liet" title="Liet">lieten</a> út 'e musical fan Rodgers en Hammerstein brûkt waarden. Itselde jiers ferskynde der ek in nije <a href="/wiki/Live-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Live-action">live-actionfilm</a> sûnder muzyk, dy't <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_and_the_King_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna and the King (film) (noch net skreaun)">Anna and the King</a></i> hiet. Dêryn fertolke <a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> de rol fan Leonowens, wylst <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chow_Yun-fat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chow Yun-fat (noch net skreaun)">Chow Yun-fat</a> kening Mongkut spile. (Dy ferzje waard ek ferbean troch de Taiske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinsuer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinsuer (noch net skreaun)">sinsuer</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keppelings_om_utens">Keppelings om utens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Dielside bewurkje: Keppelings om utens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Leonowens&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Keppelings om utens"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Taal: Ingelsk">(in) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/author/Leonowens+Anna+Harriette">Wurken fan Anna Leonowens op Project Gutenberg</a></li></ul> <div style="position:absolute; visibility:hidden; height:0; margin-top:1em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes"><span id="Boarnen.2C_noaten_en_referinsjes"></span>Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berjocht:Boarnen&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section's source code: Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> </div> <table class="toccolours" style="font-size:85%; margin-top:1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px; clear: both;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Boarnen, noaten en/as referinsjes:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>Foar boarnen en oare literatuer, sjoch ûnder: <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Leonowens"><i>References</i>, op dizze side</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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