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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Western Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Western_Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Western Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Western_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_archbishops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_archbishops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Metropolitan archbishops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_archbishops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-metropolitan_archiepiscopal_sees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-metropolitan_archiepiscopal_sees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Non-metropolitan archiepiscopal sees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-metropolitan_archiepiscopal_sees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coadjutor_archbishops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coadjutor_archbishops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Coadjutor archbishops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coadjutor_archbishops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archbishops_ad_personam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archbishops_ad_personam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Archbishops <i>ad personam</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archbishops_ad_personam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titular_archiepiscopal_sees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titular_archiepiscopal_sees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Titular archiepiscopal sees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titular_archiepiscopal_sees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archbishops_emeriti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archbishops_emeriti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Archbishops emeriti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archbishops_emeriti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privileges_of_archbishops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privileges_of_archbishops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Privileges of archbishops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privileges_of_archbishops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eastern Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eastern_Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Eastern Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Orthodox_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Eastern Orthodox Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Orthodox_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriental_Orthodox_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Oriental Orthodox Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriental_Orthodox_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Catholic_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Catholic_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Eastern Catholic Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Catholic_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Archbishop</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%81%D8%A9" title="رئيس الأساقفة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس الأساقفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzobispu" title="Arzobispu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arzobispu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxiyepiskop" title="Arxiyepiskop – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arxiyepiskop" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81" title="باش اسقف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باش اسقف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AA" title="আর্চবিশপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্চবিশপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Архіепіскап – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Архіепіскап" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Арцыбіскуп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арцыбіскуп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Архиепископ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Архиепископ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erzbischof" title="Erzbischof – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Erzbischof" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadbiskup" title="Nadbiskup – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nadbiskup" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquebisbe" title="Arquebisbe – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arquebisbe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcibiskup" title="Arcibiskup – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arcibiskup" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archesgob" title="Archesgob – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Archesgob" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86rkebiskop" title="Ærkebiskop – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ærkebiskop" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erzbischof" title="Erzbischof – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erzbischof" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peapiiskop" title="Peapiiskop – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Peapiiskop" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αρχιεπίσκοπος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχιεπίσκοπος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzobispo" title="Arzobispo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arzobispo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efepiskopo" title="Ĉefepiskopo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefepiskopo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artzapezpiku" title="Artzapezpiku – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artzapezpiku" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85" title="اسقف اعظم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسقف اعظم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archev%C3%AAque" title="Archevêque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Archevêque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aartsbiskop" title="Aartsbiskop – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aartsbiskop" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardeaspag" title="Ardeaspag – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ardeaspag" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rd-easbaig" title="Àrd-easbaig – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Àrd-easbaig" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcebispo" title="Arcebispo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arcebispo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%E2%80%8Dbisp" title="Arch‍bisp – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Arch‍bisp" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A3%BC%EA%B5%90" title="대주교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대주교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Արքեպիսկոպոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արքեպիսկոպոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadbiskup" title="Nadbiskup – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nadbiskup" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskup_agung" title="Uskup agung – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uskup agung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkibiskup" title="Erkibiskup – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Erkibiskup" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcivescovo" title="Arcivescovo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arcivescovo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A3" title="ארכיבישוף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארכיבישוף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskop_Agung" title="Biskop Agung – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Biskop Agung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆರ್ಚ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಚ್ ಬಿಷಪ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მთავარეპისკოპოსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მთავარეპისკოპოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Архиепископ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Архиепископ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askofu_mkuu" title="Askofu mkuu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Askofu mkuu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiepiscopus" title="Archiepiscopus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Archiepiscopus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhib%C4%ABskaps" title="Arhibīskaps – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arhibīskaps" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkivyskupas" title="Arkivyskupas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arkivyskupas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcivescov" title="Arcivescov – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Arcivescov" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89rsek" title="Érsek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Érsek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arseveka" title="Arseveka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Arseveka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA" title="ആർക്കെപ്പിസ്കോപ്പ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർക്കെപ്പിസ്കോപ്പ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%81%D9%87" title="رئيس اساقفه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رئيس اساقفه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aartsbisschop" title="Aartsbisschop – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aartsbisschop" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%B8%E6%95%99" title="大司教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大司教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkebiskop" title="Erkebiskop – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Erkebiskop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkebiskop" title="Erkebiskop – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Erkebiskop" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxiyepiskop" title="Arxiyepiskop – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arxiyepiskop" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcybiskup" title="Arcybiskup – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arcybiskup" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcebispo" title="Arcebispo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arcebispo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84rzbischoff" title="Ärzbischoff – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Ärzbischoff" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhiepiscop" title="Arhiepiscop – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arhiepiscop" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Архиепископ – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архиепископ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryepeshkopi" title="Kryepeshkopi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryepeshkopi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="අගරදගුරු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අගරදගුරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Archbishop" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcibiskup" title="Arcibiskup – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Arcibiskup" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nad%C5%A1kof" title="Nadškof – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nadškof" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcybiskup" title="Arcybiskup – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Arcybiskup" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Архиепископ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Архиепископ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhiepiskop" title="Arhiepiskop – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arhiepiskop" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkkipiispa" title="Arkkipiispa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arkkipiispa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84rkebiskop" title="Ärkebiskop – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ärkebiskop" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsobispo" title="Arsobispo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arsobispo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81" title="อัครมุขนายก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัครมุขนายก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fpiskopos" title="Başpiskopos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başpiskopos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Архієпископ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Архієпископ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81" title="صدر اسقف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صدر اسقف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_gi%C3%A1m_m%E1%BB%A5c" title="Tổng giám mục – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổng giám mục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsobispo" title="Arsobispo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arsobispo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="总主教 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="总主教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="大主教 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大主教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Principal symbol of Christianity"><img alt="Principal symbol of Christianity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li><li>Foundations</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="God the Father (Christianity)">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">(full list)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a 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Christianity</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_Church_of_God_International" title="Members Church of God International">Members Church of God International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church (Swedenborgian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_churches" title="List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches">Unitarians and Universalists</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a 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class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Archbishop (disambiguation)">Archbishop (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a>, an <b>archbishop</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province" title="Ecclesiastical province">ecclesiastical province</a> in addition to their own <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese">archdiocese</a> (<a href="#Non-metropolitan_archiepiscopal_sees">with some exceptions</a>), or are otherwise granted a <a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">titular archbishopric</a>. In others, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a>, the title is only borne by the leader of the denomination. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word <i>archbishop</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span></span>/</a></span></span>) comes via the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">archiepiscopus</i></span>. This in turn comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αρχιεπίσκοπος</span></span>, which has as components the etymons <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αρχι</span></span>-, meaning 'chief', <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">επί</span></span>, 'over', and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σκοπός</span></span>, 'guardian, watcher'.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2></div> <p>The earliest appearance of neither the title nor the role can be traced. The title of "metropolitan" was apparently well known by the 4th century, when there are references in the canons of the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nic%C3%A6a" class="mw-redirect" title="First Council of Nicæa">First Council of Nicæa</a> of 325 and <a href="/wiki/Synods_of_Antioch" title="Synods of Antioch">Council of Antioch of 341</a>, though the term seems to be used generally for all higher ranks of bishop, including patriarchs. The term "archbishop" does not appear in the modern sense until the 6th century, although the role, above ordinary bishops but below patriarchs, seems to be established for metropolitans by the 5th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_Christianity">Western Christianity</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_ecclesiastical_titles" title="Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy of the<br />Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gesupietrochiave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Saint Peter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/150px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/225px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/300px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_ecclesiastical_titles" title="Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles">Ecclesiastical titles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">order of precedence</a>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Emeritus">Pope Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar" title="Cardinal Vicar">Cardinal Vicar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown-cardinal" title="Crown-cardinal">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of the Church">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_protector" title="Cardinal protector">Protector</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_curia" title="Moderator of the curia">Moderator of the curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_His_Holiness" title="Chaplain of His Holiness">Chaplain of His Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">Papal legate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_majordomo" title="Papal majordomo">Papal majordomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">Apostolic nuncio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">Apostolic delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Syndic" title="Apostolic Syndic">Apostolic Syndic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_visitor" title="Apostolic visitor">Apostolic visitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Vicar apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarch#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_churches" title="Exarch">Apostolic exarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_prefecture" title="Apostolic prefecture">Apostolic prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_to_the_papal_throne" title="Assistant to the papal throne">Assistant to the papal throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch#Catholic_Church" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church#Emeritus" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_bishop" title="Suffragan bishop">Suffragan bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">Prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(religion)" title="Provost (religion)">Provost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiff" title="Pontiff">Pontiff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_prelate" title="Territorial prelate">Territorial prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Territorial abbot</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgical titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrator" title="Consecrator">Consecrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)#CatholicLector" title="Reader (liturgy)">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Administrative and pastoral titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Auditor (ecclesiastical)">Auditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother#Catholicism" title="Religious brother">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Chancellor (ecclesiastical)">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">Chaplain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_chaplain#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Military chaplain">Military chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coarb" title="Coarb">Coarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor#Confession_of_sins" title="Confessor">Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultor" title="Consultor">Consultor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curate#Roman_Catholicism" title="Curate">Curate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">Archdeacon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_bond" title="Defender of the bond">Defender of the bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitor" title="Definitor">Definitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Devil's advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_administrator" title="Diocesan administrator">Diocesan administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_judge" title="Ecclesiastical judge">Ecclesiastical judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcist#Catholicism" title="Exorcist">Exorcist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lay_abbot" title="Lay abbot">Lay abbot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abthain" title="Abthain">Abthain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commendatory_abbot" title="Commendatory abbot">Commendatory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_cardinal" title="Lay cardinal">Lay cardinal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(Catholic_Church)" title="Minister (Catholic Church)">Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_orders" title="Major orders">Major orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">Minor orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official#Ecclesiastical_judiciary" title="Official">Officialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Ostiarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">Pastor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_pastor" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant pastor">Assistant pastor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatinus_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Palatinus in the Catholic Church">Palatinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">Personal prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preacher" title="Preacher">Preacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefect#Ecclesiastical" title="Prefect">Prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">Presbyter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elder_(Christianity)#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Elder (Christianity)">Elder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Principal (Catholic Church)">Principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">Protonotary apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reverend" title="The Reverend">Reverend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint#Catholic_Church" title="Saint">Saint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Venerable" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">Seminarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar" title="Vicar">Vicar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_vicar" title="Judicial vicar">Judicial vicar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">Vicar general</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)" title="Dean (Christianity)">Vicar forane</a> <ul><li>Sub-dean</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Consecrated and professed titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_virgin" title="Consecrated virgin">Consecrated virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrector#Ecclesiastic_(Catholic)_titles" title="Corrector">Corrector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_(Franciscans)" title="Custos (Franciscans)">Custos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Dean (Christianity)">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master of novices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice#Roman_Catholicism" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">Rector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">Superior general</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Additional titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Service_of_Charity" title="Dicastery for the Service of Charity">Almoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">Altar server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">Archimandrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">Archpriest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">Archdeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(title)" title="Canon (title)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_General_of_the_Church" title="Captain General of the Church">Captain General of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorbishop" title="Chorbishop">Chorbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coarb" title="Coarb">Coarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissary_Apostolic" title="Commissary Apostolic">Commissary Apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_(under-sacristan)" title="Custos (under-sacristan)">Custos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Dataria" title="Apostolic Dataria">Datarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonfalonier_of_the_Church" title="Gonfalonier of the Church">Gonfalonier of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate_of_Honour_of_His_Holiness" title="Prelate of Honour of His Holiness">Honorary Prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_canon" title="Minor canon">Minor canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notarius" title="Notarius">Notarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Ostiarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peritus" title="Peritus">Peritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulator" title="Postulator">Postulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prebendary" title="Prebendary">Prebendary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precentor" title="Precentor">Precentor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">Prince-bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-abbot" title="Prince-abbot">Prince-abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-primate" title="Prince-primate">Prince-primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-provost" title="Prince-provost">Prince-provost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Promotor Fidei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protopriest" title="Protopriest">Protopriest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protodeacon#Roman_rite" title="Protodeacon">Protodeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosyncellus" title="Protosyncellus">Protosyncellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionarius" title="Regionarius">Regionarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacristan" title="Sacristan">Sacristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_counseling" title="Sidewalk counseling">Sidewalk Counselor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_usher" title="Church usher">Usher</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Organization titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Masters_and_Lieutenancies_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Grand Masters and Lieutenancies of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="Grand Master of the Teutonic Order">Teutonic Knights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisitor" title="Inquisitor">Inquisitor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Inquisitor" title="Grand Inquisitor">Grand Inquisitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preceptor" title="Preceptor">Preceptor</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_hierarchy_sidebar" title="Template:Catholic Church hierarchy sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_hierarchy_sidebar" title="Template talk:Catholic Church hierarchy sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_hierarchy_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church hierarchy sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anselm_of_Canterbury,_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anselm_of_Canterbury%2C_seal.svg/220px-Anselm_of_Canterbury%2C_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anselm_of_Canterbury%2C_seal.svg/330px-Anselm_of_Canterbury%2C_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anselm_of_Canterbury%2C_seal.svg/440px-Anselm_of_Canterbury%2C_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> (1093–1109)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_archbishops">Metropolitan archbishops</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan bishop</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan bishop</a></div> <p>Episcopal sees are generally arranged in groups in which one see's bishop has certain powers and duties of oversight over the others. He is known as the metropolitan archbishop of that see. In the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1I.HTM">canon 436 of the Code of Canon Law</a> indicates what these powers and duties are for a <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> metropolitan archbishop, while those of the head of an autonomous (<i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> are indicated in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0758/_PJ.HTM">canon 157</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a>. All Catholic metropolitans are archbishops, but not all archbishops are metropolitans, though most are. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-metropolitan_archiepiscopal_sees">Non-metropolitan archiepiscopal sees</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miguel_de_Poblete_y_Casasola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Miguel_de_Poblete_y_Casasola.jpg/220px-Miguel_de_Poblete_y_Casasola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="398" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Miguel_de_Poblete_y_Casasola.jpg/330px-Miguel_de_Poblete_y_Casasola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Miguel_de_Poblete_y_Casasola.jpg/440px-Miguel_de_Poblete_y_Casasola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1601" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Poblete_Casasola" title="Miguel de Poblete Casasola">Miguel de Poblete Casasola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Manila">Archbishop of Manila</a> (1649–1667)</figcaption></figure> <p>As well as the much more numerous metropolitan sees, there are 77 Catholic sees that have archiepiscopal rank.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1142">: 1142 </span></sup> In some cases, such a see is the only one in a country, such as <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Luxembourg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a><sup id="cite_ref-AP2012_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 423">: 423 </span></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Monaco" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Monaco">Monaco</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AP2012_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 474">: 474 </span></sup> too small to be divided into several dioceses so as to form an ecclesiastical province. In others, the title of archdiocese is for historical reasons attributed to a see that was once of greater importance. </p><p>Some of these archdioceses are <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_diocese" title="Suffragan diocese">suffragans</a> of a metropolitan archdiocese; examples are the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Avignon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Avignon">Archdiocese of Avignon</a>, which is a suffragan of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Marseille" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Marseille">Archdiocese of Marseille</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Trnava" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Trnava">Archdiocese of Trnava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>. Others are immediately subject to the Holy See and not to any metropolitan archdiocese. These are usually "aggregated" to an ecclesiastical province. An example is the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Hobart" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Hobart">Archdiocese of Hobart</a> in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <em> associated</em> with the Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Melbourne">ecclesiastical province of Melbourne</a>, but not <em>part</em> of it.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2012_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 296">: 296 </span></sup> The ordinary of such an archdiocese is an archbishop. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, non-metropolitan archiepiscopal sees are much less common. The <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Jerusalem" title="Anglican Diocese of Jerusalem">Anglican Diocese of Jerusalem</a>, established in 1841, was raised to the status of a non-metropolitan archiepiscopal see in 1957, but reduced to the status of an ordinary bishopric again in 1976. In 2014 it was again elevated to the status of non-metropolitan archbishopric, with its ordinary bearing the title "Archbishop in Jerusalem", despite having no ex officio right to be the metropolitan of the province.<sup id="cite_ref-jmeca_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmeca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acjer_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acjer-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coadjutor_archbishops">Coadjutor archbishops</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor bishop</a></div> <p>Until 1970, a coadjutor archbishop, one who has special faculties and the right to succeed to the leadership of a see on the death or resignation of the incumbent,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was assigned also to a <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular see</a>, which he held until the moment of succession. Since then, the title of Coadjutor Archbishop of the see is considered sufficient and more appropriate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archbishops_ad_personam">Archbishops <i>ad personam</i><span class="anchor" id="Archbishops_ad_personam"></span><span class="anchor" id="Archbishop_ad_personam"></span></h3></div> <p>The rank of archbishop is conferred on some bishops who are not ordinaries of an archdiocese. They hold the rank not because of the see that they head but because it has been granted to them personally (<i>ad personam</i>). Such a grant can be given when someone who already holds the rank of archbishop is transferred to a see that, though its present-day importance may be greater than the person's former see, is not archiepiscopal. The bishop transferred is then known as the archbishop-bishop of his new see. An example is <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Gardin" title="Gianfranco Gardin">Gianfranco Gardin</a>, appointed Archbishop-Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Treviso" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Treviso">Treviso</a> on 21 December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title borne by the successor of such an archbishop-bishop is merely that of Bishop of the see, unless he also is granted the personal title of Archbishop. Another example is <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Roche" title="Arthur Roche">Arthur Roche</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Bishop_of_Leeds" title="Roman Catholic Bishop of Leeds">Bishop of Leeds</a> until his appointment as <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Secretary of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments</a>. Roche remained a bishop by virtue of his position as bishop emeritus of Leeds – rather than being transferred to a different titular archbishopric, he was appointed as an archbishop <i>ad personam</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titular_archiepiscopal_sees">Titular archiepiscopal sees</h3></div> <p>The distinction between metropolitan sees and non-metropolitan archiepiscopal sees exists for <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular sees</a> as well as for residential ones. The <i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i> marks titular sees of the former class with the abbreviation <i>Metr.</i> and the others with <i>Arciv.</i><sup id="cite_ref-AP2012_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 819">: 819 </span></sup> </p><p>Many of the titular sees to which <a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">nuncios</a> and heads of departments of the Roman Curia who are not cardinals are assigned are not of archiepiscopal rank. In that case the person who is appointed to such a position is given the personal title of archbishop (<i>ad personam</i>). They are usually referred to as archbishop of the see, not as its archbishop-bishop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archbishops_emeriti">Archbishops emeriti</h3></div> <p>If an archbishop resigns his see without being transferred to another, as in the case of retirement or assignment to head a department of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>, the word <i><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a></i> is added to his former title, and he is called archbishop emeritus of his former see. Until 1970, such archbishops were transferred to a titular see. </p><p>There can be several archbishops emeriti of the same see: the 2008 <i>Annuario Pontificio</i> listed three living archbishops emeriti of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Taipei" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Taipei">Taipei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no archbishop emeritus of a titular see; an archbishop who holds a titular see keeps it until death or until transferred to another see. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, retired archbishops formally revert to being addressed as "bishop" and styled "The Right Reverend",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although they may be appointed "archbishop emeritus" by their province on retirement, in which case they retain the title "archbishop" and the style "The Most Reverend", as a right.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a> was a prominent example, as archbishop emeritus of Cape Town. Former archbishops who have not received the status of archbishop emeritus may still be informally addressed as "archbishop" as a courtesy,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unless they are subsequently appointed to a bishopric (not an <em>arch</em>bishopric), in which case the courtesy ceases.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privileges_of_archbishops">Privileges of archbishops</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/External_Ornaments_of_an_Archbishop.svg/172px-External_Ornaments_of_an_Archbishop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/External_Ornaments_of_an_Archbishop.svg/258px-External_Ornaments_of_an_Archbishop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/External_Ornaments_of_an_Archbishop.svg/344px-External_Ornaments_of_an_Archbishop.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left">Roman Catholic archbishop's coat of arms (non-metropolitan)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/External_Ornaments_of_a_Metropolitan_Archbishop.svg/162px-External_Ornaments_of_a_Metropolitan_Archbishop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="162" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/External_Ornaments_of_a_Metropolitan_Archbishop.svg/243px-External_Ornaments_of_a_Metropolitan_Archbishop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/External_Ornaments_of_a_Metropolitan_Archbishop.svg/324px-External_Ornaments_of_a_Metropolitan_Archbishop.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="1227" /></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left">Roman Catholic archbishop's coat of arms (version with <a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">pallium</a> as for metropolitan archbishops)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>While there is no difference between the official dress of archbishops, as such, and that of other bishops, Roman Catholic metropolitan archbishops are distinguished by the use in liturgical ceremonies of the <a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">pallium</a>, but only within the province over which they have oversight.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roman Catholic bishops and archbishops are styled "The Most Reverend" and addressed as "Your Excellency" in most cases. In <a href="/wiki/English-speaking" class="mw-redirect" title="English-speaking">English-speaking</a> countries (except the United States), a Catholic archbishop is addressed as "Your Grace", while a Catholic bishop is addressed as "Your Lordship". Before December 12, 1930, the title "Most Reverend" was only for archbishops, while bishops were styled as "Right Reverend".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This practice is still followed by Catholic bishops in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> to mirror that of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. </p><p>In Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry" title="Ecclesiastical heraldry">heraldry</a>, an archbishop has an ecclesiastical hat called a <a href="/wiki/Galero" title="Galero">galero</a> with ten tassels on each side of his <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>, while a bishop has only six. The archiepiscopal cross behind the shield has two bars instead of one. Such a cross may be borne before him in liturgical processions. </p><p>In processions and other occasions where strict protocol is observed, archbishops are ranked higher than <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">diocesan bishops</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">order of precedence</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, archbishops are styled "The Most Reverend" and addressed as "Your Grace", while bishops are styled "The Right Reverend" and addressed as "My Lord" or "Your Lordship". (In some countries, this usage is followed also by the Roman Catholic Church, but in others no distinction is made and "The Most Reverend" and "Your Excellency" are used for archbishops and bishops alike.) Anglican archbishops are entitled to be preceded by a server carrying an archiepiscopal processional cross (with two bars instead of one) in liturgical processions.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">archbishop of Canterbury</a>'s metropolitical processional cross is always carried before him by a priest-chaplain, and (like other archbishops) is a two-barred processional cross. However, the archbishop of Canterbury is also entitled to be preceded by the ancient primatial cross of Canterbury (still in ceremonial use) which is of an ornate historical design, made of precious metal, and with precious stones inserted, but unlike his metropolitical cross (or those of other archbishops) it is not double-barred.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eastern_Christianity">Eastern Christianity</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archbishop_Christodoulos_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Archbishop_Christodoulos_Greece.jpg/170px-Archbishop_Christodoulos_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Archbishop_Christodoulos_Greece.jpg/255px-Archbishop_Christodoulos_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Archbishop_Christodoulos_Greece.jpg/340px-Archbishop_Christodoulos_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Christodoulos_of_Athens" title="Christodoulos of Athens">Christodoulos of Athens</a> and All Greece (1998–2008)</figcaption></figure> <p>Archbishops exist in all traditional denominations of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Orthodox_Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Bishop in the Eastern Orthodox Church</a></div> <p>In the Eastern Orthodox churches, the office and title of archbishop can be traced from the 4th and 5th century. Historically, the title was used variously, in terms of rank and jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some Eastern Orthodox churches, archbishops are ranked above <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence" title="Order of precedence">precedence</a>, while in others that order is reversed. Primates of <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">autocephalous</a> Eastern Orthodox churches below <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarchal</a> rank are generally designated as archbishops. In the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Church</a>, archbishops are ranked above metropolitans in <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence" title="Order of precedence">precedence</a>. The reverse is true for some Slavic Orthodox churches (<a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Orthodox">Bulgarian Orthodox</a>) and also for <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox Church</a>, where metropolitans rank above archbishops. </p><p>In terms of jurisdiction, there are two basic types of archbishops in the Eastern Orthodox Church: real archbishops and honorary archbishops. Real archbishops are primates of autocephalous or autonomous (regional) churches, and they have actual jurisdiction over other bishops, while honorary archbishops are in fact just <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocesan bishops">diocesan bishops</a> with honorary titles of archbishops and no jurisdiction outside their own diocese. The honorary title is usually conferred to bishops of historically important <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">sees</a>. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a>, both types were represented: the head of the autonomous <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Ohrid_Archbishopric" title="Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric">Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric</a> is styled <i>Archbishop of Ohrid</i> and invested with regional jurisdiction over all diocesan bishops in <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, while former diocesan bishop (late <a href="/wiki/Amfilohije_Radovi%C4%87" title="Amfilohije Radović">Amfilohije Radović</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Eparchy_of_Montenegro_and_the_Littoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparchy of Montenegro and the Littoral">Eparchy of Montenegro and the Littoral</a>, with seat in <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a>, was personally given only the honorary title <i>Archbishop of Cetinje</i>, but without any jurisdiction over other diocesan bishops in <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, within the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>, honorary archiepiscopal titles were also granted to those diocesan bishops who were exempt from jurisdictions of local metropolitans, and transferred to the direct jurisdiction of the patriarchal throne. Such titular hierarchs were contentiously styled as "<i>autocephalous archbishops</i>" (self-headed, just in terms of not having a metropolitan, but without connotations to real <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">autocephaly</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChrysos1969263-286_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChrysos1969263-286-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, until the end of the 8th century, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Amorium" title="Amorium">Amorium</a> was under the jurisdiction of metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Pessinus" title="Pessinus">Pessinus</a>, but he was later exempt and placed under direct patriarchal jurisdiction. On that occasion, he was given an honorary title of an <i>autocephalous archbishop</i>, but with no jurisdiction over other bishops. Sometime later (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 814</span>), metropolitan province of Amorium was created, and local archbishop finally gained regional jurisdiction as a metropolitan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomatina2013195-214_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomatina2013195-214-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oriental_Orthodox_Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a> custom generally agrees with the Slavic rather than the Greek with respect to the archbishop/metropolitan distinction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Catholic_Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></div> <p>Instead of the term <i>archbishop</i>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> sometimes use the word <i>archeparch</i> by analogy with <i>eparch</i>, the term used for a diocesan (or eparchial) bishop. However, the word <i>archeparch</i> is not found in the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_patriarchs,_archbishops,_and_bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops">Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=a)rxiepi/skopos"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀρχιεπίσκοπος</span></span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=e)pi/skopos1"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐπίσκοπος</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=archiepiscopus">archiepiscopus</a>. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. <i><a href="/wiki/A_Latin_Dictionary" title="A Latin Dictionary">A Latin Dictionary</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=archbishop&allowed_in_frame=0">"archbishop"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=archbishop&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Darchbishop%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMessmer1907" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Messmer, Sebastian Gebhard (1907). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Archbishop"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Archbishop">"Archbishop" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archbishop&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Messmer&rft.aufirst=Sebastian+Gebhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP2012-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP2012_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2012_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2012_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2012_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2012_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon.2012" class="citation book cs1">Anon. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ocPFMwEACAAJ"><i>Annuario pontificio</i></a>. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-8722-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-209-8722-0"><bdi>978-88-209-8722-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annuario+pontificio&rft.place=Vatican+City&rft.pub=Libreria+Editrice+Vaticana&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-88-209-8722-0&rft.au=Anon.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DocPFMwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/davig.html">"Avignon (Latin (or Roman) Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"</a>. <i>www.catholic-hierarchy.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.catholic-hierarchy.org&rft.atitle=Avignon+%28Latin+%28or+Roman%29+Archdiocese%29+%5BCatholic-Hierarchy%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fdiocese%2Fdavig.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jmeca-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jmeca_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jmeca.org.uk/christianity-middle-east/anglican-episcopal-church/jerusalem/brief-history-diocese-jerusalem">"A Brief History of the Diocese of Jerusalem"</a>. The Jerusalem and the Middle East Church Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Diocese+of+Jerusalem&rft.pub=The+Jerusalem+and+the+Middle+East+Church+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jmeca.org.uk%2Fchristianity-middle-east%2Fanglican-episcopal-church%2Fjerusalem%2Fbrief-history-diocese-jerusalem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acjer-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-acjer_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglicancommunion.org/structures/member-churches/member-church/diocese.aspx?church=middle-east&dio=jerusalem">"Archbishop in Jerusalem"</a>. Anglican Communion. 17 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archbishop+in+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Anglican+Communion&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anglicancommunion.org%2Fstructures%2Fmember-churches%2Fmember-church%2Fdiocese.aspx%3Fchurch%3Dmiddle-east%26dio%3Djerusalem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1E.HTM">"Code of Canon Law: text - IntraText CT"</a>. <i>www.intratext.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.intratext.com&rft.atitle=Code+of+Canon+Law%3A+text+-+IntraText+CT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intratext.com%2FIXT%2FENG0017%2F_P1E.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513065545/http://www2.ofmconv.pcn.net/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=294:naming-of-the-archbishop-bishop-of-treviso-italy&catid=1:news&Itemid=87">"Friars Minor Conventual - Naming of the Archbishop-Bishop of Treviso, Italy"</a>. <i>www2.ofmconv.pcn.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ofmconv.pcn.net/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=294:naming-of-the-archbishop-bishop-of-treviso-italy&catid=1:news&Itemid=87">the original</a> on 2021-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.ofmconv.pcn.net&rft.atitle=Friars+Minor+Conventual+-+Naming+of+the+Archbishop-Bishop+of+Treviso%2C+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ofmconv.pcn.net%2Fen%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D294%3Anaming-of-the-archbishop-bishop-of-treviso-italy%26catid%3D1%3Anews%26Itemid%3D87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio</i> 2008, p. 733</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117080143/https://www.churchofengland.org/contact-us/addressingtheclergy.aspx">"Addressing the Clergy"</a>. <i>Church of England website</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/contact-us/addressingtheclergy.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-11-17. <q>See note 3</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Church+of+England+website&rft.atitle=Addressing+the+Clergy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fcontact-us%2Faddressingtheclergy.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the example of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anglicancentre.churchinsight.com/Groups/199808/Anglican_Centre_in/Contacts_Our_story/Director_and_Staff/The_Director_Archbishop/The_Director_Archbishop.aspx">Archbishop David Moxon</a>, for example.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See "How to address the Clergy" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crockford.org.uk/standard.asp?id=116">Crockford Clerical Directory, section "Archbishops", subsection "Notes".</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See final notes on the Archbishops page of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/professions/religion/church-england/other-archbishops-anglican-communion-wales-armagh">Debretts</a> forms of address.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1I.HTM">"Code of Canon Law: text - IntraText CT"</a>. <i>www.intratext.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.intratext.com&rft.atitle=Code+of+Canon+Law%3A+text+-+IntraText+CT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intratext.com%2FIXT%2FENG0017%2F_P1I.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Canon Law Digest,</i> Bouscaren, Vol. 1, Page 20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archbalt.org/about-us/the-Archdiocese/our-history/people/graessel.cfm">Rt. Rev. Dominic Laurence Graessel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130205045950/http://www.archbalt.org/about-us/the-archdiocese/our-history/people/graessel.cfm">Archived</a> 2013-02-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Baltimore" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore</a>. Retrieved on 2016-11-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This Anglican <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.episcopalchurch.org/gallery/episcopal-news-service-archives?page=2#content">news agency page</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> has photographs of two-barred crosses being carried by Archbishop George Carey and by Presiding Bishop Frank Griswold.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The primatial cross is illustrated at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/2315">London SE1</a> community website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeyendorff1989">Meyendorff 1989</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arhiva.spc.rs/eng/metropolitan_amfilohije_montenegro_and_littoral_reposed_lord.html">SOC (2020)> Metropolitan Amfilohije of Montenegro and the Littoral reposed in the Lord</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChrysos1969263-286-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChrysos1969263-286_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChrysos1969">Chrysos 1969</a>, p. 263-286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomatina2013195-214-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomatina2013195-214_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKomatina2013">Komatina 2013</a>, p. 195-214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0758/_FA2.HTM">"CCEO: Alphabetical: A - IntraText CT"</a>. <i>www.intratext.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.intratext.com&rft.atitle=CCEO%3A+Alphabetical%3A+A+-+IntraText+CT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intratext.com%2FIXT%2FLAT0758%2F_FA2.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrysos1969" class="citation journal cs1">Chrysos, Evangelos K. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bz-1969-0204/html">"Zur Entstehung der Institution der autokephalen Erzbistümer"</a>. <i>Byzantinische Zeitschrift</i>. <b>62</b> (2): 263–286. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fbz-1969-0204">10.1515/bz-1969-0204</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194081942">194081942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byzantinische+Zeitschrift&rft.atitle=Zur+Entstehung+der+Institution+der+autokephalen+Erzbist%C3%BCmer&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=263-286&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fbz-1969-0204&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194081942%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chrysos&rft.aufirst=Evangelos+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fbz-1969-0204%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKomatina2013" class="citation journal cs1">Komatina, Predrag (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0584-9888/2013/0584-98881301195K.pdf">"Date of the Composition of the Notitiae Episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae nos. 4, 5 and 6"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Зборник радова Византолошког института</i>. <b>50</b> (1): 195–214. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227120629/http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0584-9888/2013/0584-98881301195K.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-12-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Date+of+the+Composition+of+the+Notitiae+Episcopatuum+Ecclesiae+Constantinopolitanae+nos.+4%2C+5+and+6&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=195-214&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Komatina&rft.aufirst=Predrag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doiserbia.nb.rs%2Fimg%2Fdoi%2F0584-9888%2F2013%2F0584-98881301195K.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6J_YAAAAMAAJ"><i>Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.</i></a> The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881410563" title="Special:BookSources/9780881410563"><bdi>9780881410563</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+unity+and+Christian+divisions%3A+The+Church+450-680+A.D.&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.series=The+Church+in+history&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780881410563&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6J_YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Alison_Phillips" title="Walter Alison Phillips">Phillips, Walter Alison</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Archbishop"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Archbishop">"Archbishop" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). pp. 356–358.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archbishop&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=356-358&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Walter+Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchbishop" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/42px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Archbishop</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Archbishop" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Archbishop">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archbishops" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Archbishops">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49476" class="extiw" title="d:Q49476">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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