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dimple</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: square dimple"> <meta name="keywords" content="square dimple"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="square dimple"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1648</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: square dimple</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1618</span> 1D Klein-Gordon Equation in an Infinite Square Well with PT Symmetry Boundary Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleiman%20Bashir%20Adamu">Suleiman Bashir Adamu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawan%20Sani%20Taura"> Lawan Sani Taura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the role of boundary conditions via -symmetric quantum mechanics, where denotes parity operator and denotes time reversal operator. Using the one-dimensional Schrödinger Hamiltonian for a free particle in an infinite square well, we introduce symmetric boundary conditions. We find solutions of the 1D Klein-Gordon equation for a free particle in an infinite square well with Hermitian boundary and symmetry boundary conditions, where in both cases the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunction, respectively, are obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eigenvalues" title="Eigenvalues">Eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eigenfunction" title=" Eigenfunction"> Eigenfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamiltonian" title=" Hamiltonian"> Hamiltonian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klein-%20Gordon%20equation" title=" Klein- Gordon equation"> Klein- Gordon equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PT-symmetric%20quantum%20mechanics" title=" PT-symmetric quantum mechanics"> PT-symmetric quantum mechanics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50876/1d-klein-gordon-equation-in-an-infinite-square-well-with-pt-symmetry-boundary-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1617</span> Combined Analysis of Sudoku Square Designs with Same Treatments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Danbaba">A. Danbaba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several experiments are conducted at different environments such as locations or periods (seasons) with identical treatments to each experiment purposely to study the interaction between the treatments and environments or between the treatments and periods (seasons). The commonly used designs of experiments for this purpose are randomized block design, Latin square design, balanced incomplete block design, Youden design, and one or more factor designs. The interest is to carry out a combined analysis of the data from these multi-environment experiments, instead of analyzing each experiment separately. This paper proposed combined analysis of experiments conducted via Sudoku square design of odd order with same experimental treatments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20analysis" title="combined analysis">combined analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sudoku%20design" title=" sudoku design"> sudoku design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20treatment" title=" common treatment"> common treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-environment%20experiments" title=" multi-environment experiments"> multi-environment experiments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47203/combined-analysis-of-sudoku-square-designs-with-same-treatments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1616</span> Identification of Wiener Model Using Iterative Schemes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikram%20Saini">Vikram Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lillie%20Dewan"> Lillie Dewan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the iterative schemes based on Least square, Hierarchical Least Square and Stochastic Approximation Gradient method for the Identification of Wiener model with parametric structure. A gradient method is presented for the parameter estimation of wiener model with noise conditions based on the stochastic approximation. Simulation results are presented for the Wiener model structure with different static non-linear elements in the presence of colored noise to show the comparative analysis of the iterative methods. The stochastic gradient method shows improvement in the estimation performance and provides fast convergence of the parameters estimates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20non-linearity" title="hard non-linearity">hard non-linearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20square" title=" least square"> least square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20approximation%20gradient" title=" stochastic approximation gradient"> stochastic approximation gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiener%20model" title=" Wiener model"> Wiener model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70632/identification-of-wiener-model-using-iterative-schemes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1615</span> An EWMA P-Chart Based on Improved Square Root Transformation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saowanit%20Sukparungsee">Saowanit Sukparungsee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generally, the traditional Shewhart p chart has been developed by for charting the binomial data. This chart has been developed using the normal approximation with condition as low defect level and the small to moderate sample size. In real applications, however, are away from these assumptions due to skewness in the exact distribution. In this paper, a modified Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chat for detecting a change in binomial data by improving square root transformations, namely ISRT p EWMA control chart. The numerical results show that ISRT p EWMA chart is superior to ISRT p chart for small to moderate shifts, otherwise, the latter is better for large shifts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20of%20defects" title="number of defects">number of defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponentially%20weighted%20moving%20average" title=" exponentially weighted moving average"> exponentially weighted moving average</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20run%20length" title=" average run length"> average run length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20root%20transformations" title=" square root transformations"> square root transformations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10613/an-ewma-p-chart-based-on-improved-square-root-transformation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1614</span> Genetic Algorithm to Construct and Enumerate 4×4 Pan-Magic Squares</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younis%20R.%20Elhaddad">Younis R. Elhaddad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Alshaari"> Mohamed A. Alshaari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since 2700 B.C the problem of constructing magic squares attracts many researchers. Magic squares one of most difficult challenges for mathematicians. In this work, we describe how to construct and enumerate Pan- magic squares using genetic algorithm, using new chromosome encoding technique. The results were promising within reasonable time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title="genetic algorithm">genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magic%20square" title=" magic square"> magic square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pan-magic%20square" title=" pan-magic square"> pan-magic square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20intelligence" title=" computational intelligence"> computational intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2917/genetic-algorithm-to-construct-and-enumerate-44-pan-magic-squares" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">576</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1613</span> Sensitive Determination of Copper(II) by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with Tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Illyas%20Md%20Isa">Illyas Md Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Idris%20Saidin"> Mohamad Idris Saidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustaffa%20Ahmad"> Mustaffa Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Hashim"> Norhayati Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A highly selective and sensitive carbon paste electrode modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes and 2,6–diacetylpyridine-di-(1R)–(-)–fenchone diazine tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) complex was used for determination of trace amounts of Cu(II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The influences of experimental variables on the proposed electrode such as pH, supporting electrolyte, preconcentration potential and time, and square wave parameters were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the proposed electrode showed a linear relationship with concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10–10 to 1.0 × 10– 6 M Cu(II) with a limit of detection 8.0 × 10–11 M. The relative standard deviation (n = 5) for a solution containing 1.0 × 10– 6 M of Cu(II) was 0.036. The presence of various cations (in 10 and 100-folds concentration) did not interfere. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the charge transfer at the electrode-solution interface was favourable. The proposed electrode was applied for the determination of Cu(II) in several water samples. Results agreed very well with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The modified electrode was then proposed as an alternative for determination of Cu(II). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemically%20modified%20electrode" title="chemically modified electrode">chemically modified electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%28II%29" title=" Cu(II)"> Cu(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20wave%20anodic%20stripping%20voltammetry" title=" square wave anodic stripping voltammetry"> square wave anodic stripping voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetracarbonylmolybdenum%280%29" title=" tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0)"> tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37515/sensitive-determination-of-copperii-by-square-wave-anodic-stripping-voltammetry-with-tetracarbonylmolybdenum0-multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-paste-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1612</span> A Three Tier Secure KQML Interface with Novel Performatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimple%20Juneja">Dimple Juneja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarti%20Singh"> Aarti Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renu%20Hooda"> Renu Hooda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge Query Manipulation Language (KQML) and FIPA ACL are two prime communication languages existing in multi agent systems (MAS). Both languages are more or less similar in terms of semantics (based on speech act theory) and offer cutting edge competition while establishing agent communication across Internet. In contrast to the fact that software agents operating on the internet are required to be more safeguarded from their counter-peer, both protocols lack security performatives. The paper proposes a three tier security interface with few novel security related performatives enhancing the basic architecture of KQML. The three levels are attestation, certification and trust establishment which enforces a tight security and hence reduces the security breeches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiagent%20systems" title="multiagent systems">multiagent systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KQML" title=" KQML"> KQML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FIPA%20ACL" title=" FIPA ACL"> FIPA ACL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performatives" title=" performatives"> performatives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6294/a-three-tier-secure-kqml-interface-with-novel-performatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1611</span> Numerical Simulations of Electronic Cooling with In-Line and Staggered Pin Fin Heat Sinks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue-Tzu%20Yang">Yue-Tzu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiang-Wen%20Tang"> Hsiang-Wen Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-Zhang%20Yin"> Jian-Zhang Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao-Han%20Wu"> Chao-Han Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three-dimensional incompressible turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer of pin fin heat sinks using air as a cooling fluid are numerically studied in this study. Two different kinds of pin fins are compared in the thermal performance, including circular and square cross sections, both are in-line and staggered arrangements. The turbulent governing equations are solved using a control-volume- based finite-difference method. Subsequently, numerical computations are performed with the realizable <em>k - ԑ</em> turbulence for the parameters studied, the fin height<em> H</em>, fin diameter<em> D</em>, and Reynolds number (Re) in the range of 7 ≤ <em>H</em> ≤ 10<em>, </em>0.75 ≤ <em>D</em> ≤ 2, 2000 ≤ Re ≤ 126000 respectively. The numerical results are validated with available experimental data in the literature and good agreement has been found. It indicates that circular pin fins are streamlined in comparing with the square pin fins, the pressure drop is small than that of square pin fins, and heat transfer is not as good as the square pin fins. The thermal performance of the staggered pin fins is better than that of in-line pin fins because the staggered arrangements produce large disturbance. Both in-line and staggered arrangements show the same behavior for thermal resistance, pressure drop, and the entropy generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pin-fin" title="pin-fin">pin-fin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sinks" title=" heat sinks"> heat sinks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulations" title=" simulations"> simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46324/numerical-simulations-of-electronic-cooling-with-in-line-and-staggered-pin-fin-heat-sinks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1610</span> Effect of Transition Metal (Fe, Mn) Ion Doping on TiO2 Nano Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirit%20Siddhapara">Kirit Siddhapara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimple%20Shah"> Dimple Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, we have studied the doping behaviors of two transition metal ion dopants on the crystal phase, particle sizes, XRD patterns, EDAX spectra, and photoreactivity of TiO2 nanoparticles. The crystalline size of TiO2 is close to 4 nm Calculated from (1 0 1) peak by using FWHM method in Scherrer’s equation. Test metal ion concentrations ranged from 1% to 4 at.%, we report the growth of [Fe, Mn]xTiO2 nanocrystals prepared by Sol-Gel technique, followed by freeze-drying treatment at -30°C temperature for 12hrs. The obtained Gel was thermally treated at different temperature like 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that dopant concentration affects thermal decomposition. The photoreactivities of transition metal ion-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under UV irradiation were quantiﬁed by the degradation of formaldehyde. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20from%20solution" title="growth from solution">growth from solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20method" title=" sol-gel method"> sol-gel method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomaterials" title=" nanomaterials"> nanomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxides" title=" oxides"> oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20materials" title=" magnetic materials"> magnetic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20compounds" title=" titanium compounds"> titanium compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13501/effect-of-transition-metal-fe-mn-ion-doping-on-tio2-nano-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1609</span> Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Least Square Support Vector Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiangyong%20Liu">Jiangyong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangxiang%20Xu"> Xiangxiang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bote%20Luo"> Bote Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoxue%20Luo"> Xiaoxue Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20Zhu"> Jiang Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingzhi%20Yi"> Lingzhi Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To address the problems of non-linearity and high randomness of the original power load sequence causing the degradation of power load forecasting accuracy, a short-term load forecasting method is proposed. The method is based on the Least Square Support Vector Machine optimized by an Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm combined with the Variational Mode Decomposition proposed in this paper. The application of the variational mode decomposition technique decomposes the raw power load data into a series of Intrinsic Mode Functions components, which can reduce the complexity and instability of the raw data while overcoming modal confounding; the proposed improved sparrow search algorithm can solve the problem of difficult selection of learning parameters in the least Square Support Vector Machine. Finally, through comparison experiments, the results show that the method can effectively improve prediction accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20forecasting" title="load forecasting">load forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variational%20mode%20decomposition" title=" variational mode decomposition"> variational mode decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improved%20sparrow%20search%20algorithm" title=" improved sparrow search algorithm"> improved sparrow search algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20square%20support%20vector%20machine" title=" least square support vector machine"> least square support vector machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170283/short-term-load-forecasting-based-on-variational-mode-decomposition-and-least-square-support-vector-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1608</span> Numerical Investigation of Mixed Convection for Rarefied Gases in Square Enclosures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wael%20Al-Kouz">Wael Al-Kouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical simulations to study heat transfer and flow characteristics of mixed convection for rarefied gas in a square enclosure are utilized. Effect of the geometry in terms of the location of the inlet and exit openings are investigated. Moreover, effect of Knudsen number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is illustrated and discussed. Results of the simulations show that there is a configuration that yields better heat transfer. This configuration is found to be the geometry in which the inlet opening is in the top left corner and the exit opening is at the bottom right corner. In addition, it is found that by increasing Knudsen number, Nusselt number will decrease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Knudsen%20number" title="Knudsen number">Knudsen number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rarefied%20gas" title=" rarefied gas"> rarefied gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20enclosure" title=" square enclosure"> square enclosure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80904/numerical-investigation-of-mixed-convection-for-rarefied-gases-in-square-enclosures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1607</span> The Behavior of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Sand Loaded by Squair Footing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhiaadin%20Bahaadin%20Noory">Dhiaadin Bahaadin Noory</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research involves the effect of both sizes of reinforced zone and the amount of polypropylene fiber reinforcement on the structural behavior of model-reinforced sand loaded by square footing. The ratio of the side of the square reinforced zone to the footing width (W/B) and the ratio of the square reinforced zone depth to footing width (H/B) has been varied from one to six and from one to three, respectively. The tests were carried out on a small-scale laboratory model in which uniform-graded sand was used as a fill material. It was placed in a highly dense state by hitting a thin wooden board placed on the sand surface with a hammer. The sand was reinforced with randomly oriented discrete fibrillated polypropylene fibers. The test results indicated a significant increase in the bearing capacity and stiffness of the subgrade and a modification of load–the settlement behavior of sand with the size of the reinforced zone and amount of fiber reinforcement. On the basis of the present test results, the optimal side width and depth of the reinforced zone were 4B and 2B, respectively, while the optimal percentage of fibers was 0.4%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20footing" title="square footing">square footing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene%20fibers" title=" polypropylene fibers"> polypropylene fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title=" bearing capacity"> bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20settlement%20behavior" title=" load settlement behavior"> load settlement behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20density" title=" relative density"> relative density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183354/the-behavior-of-polypropylene-fiber-reinforced-sand-loaded-by-squair-footing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1606</span> Stability of Hybrid Stochastic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manlika%20Ratchagit">Manlika Ratchagit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is concerned with robust mean square stability of uncertain stochastic switched discrete time-delay systems. The system to be considered is subject to interval time-varying delays, which allows the delay to be a fast time-varying function and the lower bound is not restricted to zero. Based on the discrete Lyapunov functional, a switching rule for the robust mean square stability for the uncertain stochastic discrete time-delay system is designed via linear matrix inequalities. Finally, some examples are exploited to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20mean%20square%20stability" title="robust mean square stability">robust mean square stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20stochastic%20systems" title=" discrete-time stochastic systems"> discrete-time stochastic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20systems" title=" hybrid systems"> hybrid systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interval%20time-varying%20delays" title=" interval time-varying delays"> interval time-varying delays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov%20functional" title=" Lyapunov functional"> Lyapunov functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20matrix%20inequalities" title=" linear matrix inequalities"> linear matrix inequalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20283/stability-of-hybrid-stochastic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1605</span> New Results on Stability of Hybrid Stochastic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manlika%20Rajchakit">Manlika Rajchakit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is concerned with robust mean square stability of uncertain stochastic switched discrete time-delay systems. The system to be considered is subject to interval time-varying delays, which allows the delay to be a fast time-varying function and the lower bound is not restricted to zero. Based on the discrete Lyapunov functional, a switching rule for the robust mean square stability for the uncertain stochastic discrete time-delay system is designed via linear matrix inequalities. Finally, some examples are exploited to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20mean%20square%20stability" title="robust mean square stability">robust mean square stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20stochastic%20systems" title=" discrete-time stochastic systems"> discrete-time stochastic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20systems" title=" hybrid systems"> hybrid systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interval%20time-varying%20delays" title=" interval time-varying delays"> interval time-varying delays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lyapunov%20functional" title=" lyapunov functional"> lyapunov functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20matrix%20inequalities" title=" linear matrix inequalities"> linear matrix inequalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19809/new-results-on-stability-of-hybrid-stochastic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1604</span> Improvement of Thermal Comfort Conditions in an Urban Space "Case Study: The Square of Independence, Setif, Algeria"</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ballout%20Amor">Ballout Amor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmina%20Bouchahm"> Yasmina Bouchahm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lacheheb%20Dhia%20Eddine%20Zakaria"> Lacheheb Dhia Eddine Zakaria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several studies all around the world were conducted on the phenomenon of the urban heat island, and referring to the results obtained, one of the most important factors that influence this phenomenon is the mineralization of the cities which means the reducing of evaporative urban surfaces, replacing vegetation and wetlands with concrete and asphalt. The use of vegetation and water can change the urban environment and improve comfort, thus reduce the heat island. The trees act as a mask to the sun, wind, and sound, and also as a source of humidity which reduces air temperature and surrounding surfaces. Water also acts as a buffer to noise; it is also a source of moisture and regulates temperature not to mention the psychological effect on humans. Our main objective in this paper is to determine the impact of vegetation, ponds and fountains on the urban micro climate in general and on the thermal comfort of people along the Independence square in the Algerian city of Sétif, which is a semi-arid climate, in particularly. In order to reach this objective, a comparative study between different scenarios has been done; the use of the Envi-met program enabled us to model the urban environment of the Independence Square and to study the possibility of improving the conditions of comfort by adding an amount of vegetation and water ponds. After studying the results obtained (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, PMV and PPD indicators), the efficiency of the additions we've made on the square was confirmed and this is what helped us to confirm our assumptions regarding the terms of comfort in the studied site, and in the end we are trying to develop recommendations and solutions which may contribute to improve the conditions for greater comfort in the Independence square. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comfort%20in%20outer%20space" title="comfort in outer space">comfort in outer space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment" title=" urban environment"> urban environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenarisation" title=" scenarisation"> scenarisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation" title=" vegetation"> vegetation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20ponds" title=" water ponds"> water ponds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20square" title=" public square"> public square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18807/improvement-of-thermal-comfort-conditions-in-an-urban-space-case-study-the-square-of-independence-setif-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1603</span> Electrochemical Detection of Hydroquinone by Square Wave Voltammetry Using a Zn Layered Hydroxide-Ferulate Modified Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Paste Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Syahrizal%20Ahmad">Mohamad Syahrizal Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Illyas%20M.%20Isa"> Illyas M. Isa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) paste electrode modified by a Zn layered hydroxide-ferulate (ZLH-F) was used for detection of hydroquinone (HQ). The morphology and characteristic of the ZLH-F/MWCNT were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Under optimal conditions, the SWV response showed linear plot for HQ concentration in the range of 1.0×10⁻⁵ M – 1.0×10⁻³ M. The detection limit was found to be 5.7×10⁻⁶ M and correlation coefficient of 0.9957. The glucose, fructose, sucrose, bisphenol A, acetaminophen, lysine, NO₃⁻, Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻ did not interfere the HQ response. This modified electrode can be used to determine HQ content in wastewater and cosmetic cream with range of recovery 97.8% - 103.0%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1" title="1">1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-dihydroxybenzene" title="4-dihydroxybenzene">4-dihydroxybenzene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroquinone" title=" hydroquinone"> hydroquinone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiwall%20carbon%20nanotubes" title=" multiwall carbon nanotubes"> multiwall carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20wave%20voltammetry" title=" square wave voltammetry"> square wave voltammetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84969/electrochemical-detection-of-hydroquinone-by-square-wave-voltammetry-using-a-zn-layered-hydroxide-ferulate-modified-multiwall-carbon-nanotubes-paste-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1602</span> Public Squares and Their Potential for Social Interactions: A Case Study of Historical Public Squares in Tehran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Mehan">Asma Mehan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the thrust of technological changes, population growth and vehicular traffic, Iranian historical squares have lost their significance and they are no longer the main social nodes of the society. This research focuses on how historical public squares can inspire designers to enhance social interactions among citizens in Iranian urban context. Moreover, the recent master plan of Tehran demonstrates the lack of public spaces designed for the purpose of people’s social gatherings. For filling this gap, first the current situation of 7 selected primary historical public squares in Tehran including Sabze Meydan, Arg, Topkhaneh, Baherstan, Mokhber-al-dole, Rah Ahan and Hassan Abad have been compared. Later, the influencing elements on social interactions of the public squares such as subjective factors (human relationships and memories) and objective factors (natural and built environment) have been investigated. As a conclusion, some strategies are proposed for improving social interactions in historical public squares like; holding cultural, national, athletic and religious events, defining different and new functions in public squares’ surrounding, increasing pedestrian routs, reviving the collective memory, demonstrating the historical importance of square, eliminating visual obstacles across the square, organization the natural elements of the square, appropriate pavement for social activities. Finally, it is argued that the combination of all influencing factors which are: human interactions, natural elements and built environment criteria will lead to enhance the historical public squares’ potential for social interaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20square" title="historical square">historical square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20public%20square" title=" Iranian public square"> Iranian public square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20interaction" title=" social interaction"> social interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehran" title=" Tehran"> Tehran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45172/public-squares-and-their-potential-for-social-interactions-a-case-study-of-historical-public-squares-in-tehran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1601</span> Statistical Tools for SFRA Diagnosis in Power Transformers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Srivastava">Rahul Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priti%20Pundir"> Priti Pundir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20R.%20Sood"> Y. R. Sood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajnish%20Shrivastava"> Rajnish Shrivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the interpretation of the signatures of sweep frequency response analysis(SFRA) of transformer different types of statistical techniques serves as an effective tool for doing either phase to phase comparison or sister unit comparison. In this paper with the discussion on SFRA several statistics techniques like cross correlation coefficient (CCF), root square error (RSQ), comparative standard deviation (CSD), Absolute difference, mean square error(MSE),Min-Max ratio(MM) are presented through several case studies. These methods require sample data size and spot frequencies of SFRA signatures that are being compared. The techniques used are based on power signal processing tools that can simplify result and limits can be created for the severity of the fault occurring in the transformer due to several short circuit forces or due to ageing. The advantages of using statistics techniques for analyzing of SFRA result are being indicated through several case studies and hence the results are obtained which determines the state of the transformer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20difference%20%28DABS%29" title="absolute difference (DABS)">absolute difference (DABS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20correlation%20coefficient%20%28CCF%29" title=" cross correlation coefficient (CCF)"> cross correlation coefficient (CCF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20square%20error%20%28MSE%29" title=" mean square error (MSE)"> mean square error (MSE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=min-max%20ratio%20%28MM-ratio%29" title=" min-max ratio (MM-ratio)"> min-max ratio (MM-ratio)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20square%20error%20%28RSQ%29" title=" root square error (RSQ)"> root square error (RSQ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20deviation%20%28CSD%29" title=" standard deviation (CSD)"> standard deviation (CSD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sweep%20frequency%20response%20analysis%20%28SFRA%29" title=" sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA)"> sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27968/statistical-tools-for-sfra-diagnosis-in-power-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">697</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1600</span> Numerical Modeling of Turbulent Natural Convection in a Square Cavity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Sedighi">Mohammadreza Sedighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Said%20Saidi"> Mohammad Said Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesamoddin%20Salarian"> Hesamoddin Salarian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical study has been performed to investigate the effect of using different turbulent models on natural convection flow field and temperature distributions in partially heated square cavity compare to benchmark. The temperature of the right vertical wall is lower than that of heater while other walls are insulated. The commercial CFD codes are used to model. Standard k-w model provided good agreement with the experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">Buoyancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cavity" title=" Cavity"> Cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heat%20Transfer" title=" Heat Transfer"> Heat Transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natural%20Convection" title=" Natural Convection"> Natural Convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turbulence" title=" Turbulence "> Turbulence </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22257/numerical-modeling-of-turbulent-natural-convection-in-a-square-cavity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1599</span> Influence of Hydrophobic Surface on Flow Past Square Cylinder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ajith%20Kumar">S. Ajith Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaisakh%20S.%20Rajan"> Vaisakh S. Rajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In external flows, vortex shedding behind the bluff bodies causes to experience unsteady loads on a large number of engineering structures, resulting in structural failure. Vortex shedding can even turn out to be disastrous like the Tacoma Bridge failure incident. We need to have control over vortex shedding to get rid of this untoward condition by reducing the unsteady forces acting on the bluff body. In circular cylinders, hydrophobic surface in an otherwise no-slip surface is found to be delaying separation and minimizes the effects of vortex shedding drastically. Flow over square cylinder stands different from this behavior as separation can takes place from either of the two corner separation points (front or rear). An attempt is made in this study to numerically elucidate the effect of hydrophobic surface in flow over a square cylinder. A 2D numerical simulation has been done to understand the effects of the slip surface on the flow past square cylinder. The details of the numerical algorithm will be presented at the time of the conference. A non-dimensional parameter, Knudsen number is defined to quantify the slip on the cylinder surface based on Maxwell’s equation. The slip surface condition of the wall affects the vorticity distribution around the cylinder and the flow separation. In the numerical analysis, we observed that the hydrophobic surface enhances the shedding frequency and damps down the amplitude of oscillations of the square cylinder. We also found that the slip has a negative effect on aerodynamic force coefficients such as the coefficient of lift (CL), coefficient of drag (CD) etc. and hence replacing the no slip surface by a hydrophobic surface can be treated as an effective drag reduction strategy and the introduction of hydrophobic surface could be utilized for reducing the vortex induced vibrations (VIV) and is found as an effective method in controlling VIV thereby controlling the structural failures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20reduction" title="drag reduction">drag reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20past%20square%20cylinder" title=" flow past square cylinder"> flow past square cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20control" title=" flow control"> flow control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20surfaces" title=" hydrophobic surfaces"> hydrophobic surfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20shedding" title=" vortex shedding "> vortex shedding </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27450/influence-of-hydrophobic-surface-on-flow-past-square-cylinder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1598</span> Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Copper (II) at the Tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) MWCNT Paste Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Illyas%20Isa">Illyas Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Idris%20Saidin"> Mohamad Idris Saidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustaffa%20Ahmad"> Mustaffa Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Hashim"> Norhayati Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A highly selective and sensitive electrode for determination of trace amounts of Cu (II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was proposed. The electrode was made of the paste of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and 2,6–diacetylpyridine-di-(1R)–(-)–fenchone diazine tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) at 100:5 (w/w). Under optimal conditions the electrode showed a linear relationship with concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10–10 to 1.0 × 10– 6 M Cu (II) and limit of detection 8.0 × 10–11 M Cu (II). The relative standard deviation (n = 5) of response to 1.0 × 10–6 M Cu(II) was 0.036. The interferences of cations such as Ni(II), Mg(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Hg(II), and Zn(II) (in 10 and 100-folds concentration) are negligible except from Pb (II). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the charge transfer at the electrode-solution interface was favorable. Result of analysis of Cu(II) in several water samples agreed well with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The proposed electrode was then recommended as an alternative to spectroscopic technique in analyzing Cu (II). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemically%20modified%20electrode" title="chemically modified electrode">chemically modified electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%28II%29" title=" Cu(II)"> Cu(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Square%20wave%20anodic%20stripping%20voltammetry" title=" Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry"> Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetracarbonylmolybdenum%280%29" title=" tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0)"> tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45191/square-wave-anodic-stripping-voltammetry-of-copper-ii-at-the-tetracarbonylmolybdenum0-mwcnt-paste-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1597</span> Towards a Balancing Medical Database by Using the Least Mean Square Algorithm </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Belammi">Kamel Belammi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houria%20Fatrim"> Houria Fatrim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> imbalanced data set, a problem often found in real world application, can cause seriously negative effect on classification performance of machine learning algorithms. There have been many attempts at dealing with classification of imbalanced data sets. In medical diagnosis classification, we often face the imbalanced number of data samples between the classes in which there are not enough samples in rare classes. In this paper, we proposed a learning method based on a cost sensitive extension of Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm that penalizes errors of different samples with different weight and some rules of thumb to determine those weights. After the balancing phase, we applythe different classifiers (support vector machine (SVM), k- nearest neighbor (KNN) and multilayer neuronal networks (MNN)) for balanced data set. We have also compared the obtained results before and after balancing method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20neural%20networks" title="multilayer neural networks">multilayer neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-%20nearest%20neighbor" title=" k- nearest neighbor"> k- nearest neighbor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imbalanced%20medical%20data" title=" imbalanced medical data"> imbalanced medical data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20mean%20square%20algorithm" title=" least mean square algorithm"> least mean square algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33277/towards-a-balancing-medical-database-by-using-the-least-mean-square-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1596</span> An ANOVA Approach for the Process Parameters Optimization of Al-Si Alloy Sand Casting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjinder%20Bajwa">Manjinder Bajwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahipal%20Singh"> Mahipal Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%09Nagpal"> Manish Nagpal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper aims to propose a novel approach using ANOVA technique for the strategic investigation of process parameters and their effects on the mechanical properties of Aluminium alloy cast. The two process parameters considered here were permeability of sand and pouring temperature of aluminium alloy. ANOVA has been employed for the first time to determine the effects of these selected parameters on the impact strength of alloy. The experimental results show that this proposed technique has great potential for analyzing sand casting process. Using this approach we have determined the treatment mean square, response mean square and mean square of error as 8.54, 8.255 and 0.435 respectively. The research concluded that at the 5% level of significance, permeability of sand is the more significant parameter influencing the impact strength of cast alloy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20alloy" title="aluminium alloy">aluminium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pouring%20temperature" title=" pouring temperature"> pouring temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability%20of%20sand" title=" permeability of sand"> permeability of sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20strength" title=" impact strength"> impact strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title=" ANOVA"> ANOVA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21631/an-anova-approach-for-the-process-parameters-optimization-of-al-si-alloy-sand-casting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1595</span> Generating a Functional Grammar for Architectural Design from Structural Hierarchy in Combination of Square and Equal Triangle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaz%20Ahmadzadeh%20Siyahrood">Sanaz Ahmadzadeh Siyahrood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arghavan%20Ebrahimi"> Arghavan Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadjavad%20Mahdavinejad"> Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islamic culture was accountable for a plethora of development in astronomy and science in the medieval term, and in geometry likewise. Geometric patterns are reputable in a considerable number of cultures, but in the Islamic culture the patterns have specific features that connect the Islamic faith to mathematics. In Islamic art, three fundamental shapes are generated from the circle shape: triangle, square and hexagon. Originating from their quiddity, each of these geometric shapes has its own specific structure. Even though the geometric patterns were generated from such simple forms as the circle and the square, they can be combined, duplicated, interlaced, and arranged in intricate combinations. So in order to explain geometrical interaction principles between square and equal triangle, in the first definition step, all types of their linear forces individually and in the second step, between them, would be illustrated. In this analysis, some angles will be created from intersection of their directions. All angles are categorized to some groups and the mathematical expressions among them are analyzed. Since the most geometric patterns in Islamic art and architecture are based on the repetition of a single motif, the evaluation results which are obtained from a small portion, is attributable to a large-scale domain while the development of infinitely repeating patterns can represent the unchanging laws. Geometric ornamentation in Islamic art offers the possibility of infinite growth and can accommodate the incorporation of other types of architectural layout as well, so the logic and mathematical relationships which have been obtained from this analysis are applicable in designing some architecture layers and developing the plan design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle" title="angle">angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equal%20triangle" title=" equal triangle"> equal triangle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square" title=" square"> square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20hierarchy" title=" structural hierarchy"> structural hierarchy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82327/generating-a-functional-grammar-for-architectural-design-from-structural-hierarchy-in-combination-of-square-and-equal-triangle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1594</span> Effects of Heat Source Position on Heat Transfer in an Inclined Square Enclosure Filled with Nanofluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khamis%20Al%20Kalbani">Khamis Al Kalbani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of a uniform heat source position on the heat transfer flow inside an inclined square enclosure filled with different types of nanofluids having various shapes of the nanoparticles are investigated numerically following one component thermal equilibrium model. The effects of the Brownian diffusion of the nanoparticles, magnetic field intensity and orientation are taken into consideration in nanofluid modeling. The heat source is placed in the middle of a wall of the enclosure while the opposite wall of it is kept at different temperature. The other walls of the enclosure are kept insulated. The results indicate that the heat source position significantly controls the heat transfer rates of the nanofluids. The distributions of the average heat transfer rates varying the position of the heat source with respect to the geometry inclination angle are calculated for the first time. The outcomes of the present research may be helpful for designing solar thermal collectors, radiators, building insulators and advanced cooling of a nuclear system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20source" title="heat source">heat source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined" title=" inclined"> inclined</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20enclosure" title=" square enclosure"> square enclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluids" title=" nanofluids"> nanofluids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73122/effects-of-heat-source-position-on-heat-transfer-in-an-inclined-square-enclosure-filled-with-nanofluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1593</span> Calculation of the Added Mass of a Submerged Object with Variable Sizes at Different Distances from the Wall via Lattice Boltzmann Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nastaran%20Ahmadpour%20Samani">Nastaran Ahmadpour Samani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahram%20Talebi"> Shahram Talebi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Added mass is an important quantity in analysis of the motion of a submerged object ,which can be calculated by solving the equation of potential flow around the object . Here, we consider systems in which a square object is submerged in a channel of fluid and moves parallel to the wall. The corresponding added mass at a given distance from the wall d and for the object size s (which is the side of square object) is calculated via lattice Blotzmann simulation . By changing d and s separately, their effect on the added mass is studied systematically. The simulation results reveal that for the systems in which d > 4s, the distance does not influence the added mass any more. The added mass increases when the object approaches the wall and reaches its maximum value as it moves on the wall (d -- > 0). In this case, the added mass is about 73% larger than which of the case d=4s. In addition, it is observed that the added mass increases by increasing of the object size s and vice versa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20simulation" title="Lattice Boltzmann simulation ">Lattice Boltzmann simulation </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=added%20mass" title=" added mass"> added mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square" title=" square"> square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20size" title=" variable size"> variable size</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22399/calculation-of-the-added-mass-of-a-submerged-object-with-variable-sizes-at-different-distances-from-the-wall-via-lattice-boltzmann-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1592</span> Investigated Optimization of Davidson Path Loss Model for Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV) Propagation in Urban Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pitak%20Keawbunsong">Pitak Keawbunsong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sathaporn%20Promwong"> Sathaporn Promwong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an investigation on the efficiency of the optimized Davison path loss model in order to look for a suitable path loss model to design and planning DTTV propagation for small and medium urban areas in southern Thailand. Hadyai City in Songkla Province is chosen as the case study to collect the analytical data on the electric field strength. The optimization is conducted through the least square method while the efficiency index is through the statistical value of relative error (RE). The result of the least square method is the offset and slop of the frequency to be used in the optimized process. The statistical result shows that RE of the old Davidson model is at the least when being compared with the optimized Davison and the Hata models. Thus, the old Davison path loss model is the most accurate that further becomes the most optimized for the plan on the propagation network design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTTV%20propagation" title="DTTV propagation">DTTV propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20loss%20model" title=" path loss model"> path loss model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davidson%20model" title=" Davidson model"> Davidson model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20square%20method" title=" least square method"> least square method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43812/investigated-optimization-of-davidson-path-loss-model-for-digital-terrestrial-television-dttv-propagation-in-urban-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1591</span> Channel Estimation/Equalization with Adaptive Modulation and Coding over Multipath Faded Channels for WiMAX</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Siva%20Kumar%20Reddy">B. Siva Kumar Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Lakshmi"> B. Lakshmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> WiMAX has adopted an Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) in OFDM to endure higher data rates and error free transmission. AMC schemes employ the Channel State Information (CSI) to efficiently utilize the channel and maximize the throughput and for better spectral efficiency. This CSI has given to the transmitter by the channel estimators. In this paper, LSE (Least Square Error) and MMSE (Minimum Mean square Error) estimators are suggested and BER (Bit Error Rate) performance has been analyzed. Channel equalization is also integrated with with AMC-OFDM system and presented with Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) and Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithms with convergence rates analysis. Simulation results proved that increment in modulation scheme size causes to improvement in throughput along with BER value. There is a trade-off among modulation size, throughput, BER value and spectral efficiency. Results also reported the requirement of channel estimation and equalization in high data rate systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMC" title="AMC">AMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSI" title=" CSI"> CSI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMA" title=" CMA"> CMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDMA" title=" OFDMA"> OFDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WiMAX" title=" WiMAX"> WiMAX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14902/channel-estimationequalization-with-adaptive-modulation-and-coding-over-multipath-faded-channels-for-wimax" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1590</span> Behaviour of Model Square Footing Resting on Three Dimensional Geogrid Reinforced Sand Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Femy%20M.%20Makkar">Femy M. Makkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chandrakaran"> S. Chandrakaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Sankar"> N. Sankar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of reinforced earth has been used in the field of geotechnical engineering since 1960s, for many applications such as, construction of road and rail embankments, pavements, retaining walls, shallow foundations, soft ground improvement and so on. Conventionally, planar geosynthetic materials such as geotextiles and geogrids were used as the reinforcing elements. Recently, the use of three dimensional reinforcements becomes one of the emerging trends in this field. So, in the present investigation, three dimensional geogrid is proposed as a reinforcing material. Laboratory scaled plate load tests are conducted on a model square footing resting on 3D geogrid reinforced sand bed. The performance of 3D geogrids in triangular and square pattern was compared with conventional geogrids and the improvement in bearing capacity and reduction in settlement and heave are evaluated. When single layer of reinforcement was placed at an optimum depth of 0.25B from the bottom of the footing, the bearing capacity of conventional geogrid reinforced soil improved by 1.85 times compared to unreinforced soil, where as 3D geogrid reinforced soil with triangular pattern and square pattern shows 2.69 and 3.05 times improvement respectively compared to unreinforced soil. Also, 3D geogrids performs better than conventional geogrids in reducing the settlement and heave of sand bed around the model footing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20reinforcing%20elements" title="3D reinforcing elements">3D reinforcing elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title=" bearing capacity"> bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy" title=" heavy"> heavy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53538/behaviour-of-model-square-footing-resting-on-three-dimensional-geogrid-reinforced-sand-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1589</span> Non-Linear Finite Element Investigation on the Behavior of CFRP Strengthened Steel Square HSS Columns under Eccentric Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasnuba%20Binte%20Jamal">Tasnuba Binte Jamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khan%20Mahmud%20Amanat"> Khan Mahmud Amanat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite materials have proven to have valuable properties and suitability to be used in the construction of new buildings and in upgrading the existing ones due to its effectiveness, ease of implementation and many more. In the present study, a numerical finite element investigation has been conducted using ANSYS 18.1 to study the behavior of square HSS AISC sections under eccentric compressive loading strengthened with CFRP materials. A three-dimensional finite element model for square HSS section using shell element was developed. Application of CFRP strengthening was incorporated in the finite element model by adding an additional layer of shell elements. Both material and geometric nonlinearities were incorporated in the model. The developed finite element model was applied to simulate experimental studies done by past researchers and it was found that good agreement exists between the current analysis and past experimental results, which established the acceptability and validity of the developed finite element model to carry out further investigation. Study was then focused on some selected non-compact AISC square HSS columns and the effects of number of CFRP layers, amount of eccentricities and cross-sectional geometry on the strength gain of those columns were observed. Load was applied at a distance equal to the column dimension and twice that of column dimension. It was observed that CFRP strengthening is comparatively effective for smaller eccentricities. For medium sized sections, strengthening tends to be effective at smaller eccentricities as well. For relatively large AISC square HSS columns, with increasing number of CFRP layers (from 1 to 3 layers) the gain in strength is approximately 1 to 38% to that of unstrengthened section for smaller eccentricities and slenderness ratio ranging from 27 to 54. For medium sized square HSS sections, effectiveness of CFRP strengthening increases approximately by about 12 to 162%. The findings of the present study provide a better understanding of the behavior of HSS sections strengthened with CFRP subjected to eccentric compressive load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFRP%20strengthening" title="CFRP strengthening">CFRP strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentricity" title=" eccentricity"> eccentricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model" title=" finite element model"> finite element model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20hollow%20section" title=" square hollow section"> square hollow section</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126838/non-linear-finite-element-investigation-on-the-behavior-of-cfrp-strengthened-steel-square-hss-columns-under-eccentric-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20dimple&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20dimple&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20dimple&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20dimple&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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