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id="toc-Precursors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh_(1951–77)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh_(1951–77)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1951–77) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh_(1951–77)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Janata_Party_(1977–80)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Janata_Party_(1977–80)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Janata Party (1977–80) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Janata_Party_(1977–80)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formation_and_early_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_and_early_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Formation and early days </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_and_early_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ram_Janmabhoomi_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ram_Janmabhoomi_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Ram Janmabhoomi movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ram_Janmabhoomi_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vajpayee_and_Advani_era_(1996–2004)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vajpayee_and_Advani_era_(1996–2004)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Vajpayee and Advani era (1996–2004) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vajpayee_and_Advani_era_(1996–2004)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2002_Gujarat_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002_Gujarat_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 2002 Gujarat violence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002_Gujarat_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_opposition_(2004–2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_opposition_(2004–2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 In opposition (2004–2014) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_opposition_(2004–2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modi_era_(2014–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modi_era_(2014–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Modi era (2014–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modi_era_(2014–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Ideology and political positions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ideology and political positions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_policies_and_Hindutva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_policies_and_Hindutva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Social policies and Hindutva </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_policies_and_Hindutva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Economic policies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence_and_counterterrorism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence_and_counterterrorism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Defence and counterterrorism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence_and_counterterrorism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disinformation_and_conspiracy_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disinformation_and_conspiracy_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Disinformation and conspiracy theories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disinformation_and_conspiracy_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation_and_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_and_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Organisation and structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation_and_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 General election results </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presence_in_states_and_Union_Territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presence_in_states_and_Union_Territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Presence in states and Union Territories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presence_in_states_and_Union_Territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_heads_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_heads_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 List of heads of government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_heads_of_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle List of heads of government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_heads_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_prime_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_prime_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 List of prime ministers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_prime_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_incumbent_chief_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_incumbent_chief_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 List of incumbent chief ministers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_incumbent_chief_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 General and cited sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bharatiya Janata Party</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" > 75 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="حزب بهاراتيا جاناتا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب بهاراتيا جاناتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ভারতীয় জনতা পার্টি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় জনতা পার্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-t%C5%8D%CD%98_J%C3%AEn-b%C3%AEn_T%C3%B3ng" title="Ìn-tō͘ Jîn-bîn Tóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-tō͘ Jîn-bîn Tóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Бхаратыя джаната парты – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бхаратыя джаната парты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2" title="भारतीय जनता दल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारतीय जनता दल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_del_Poble_Indi" title="Partit del Poble Indi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit del Poble Indi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indick%C3%A1_lidov%C3%A1_strana" title="Indická lidová strana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indická lidová strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Κόμμα Μπαρατίγια Τζανάτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόμμα Μπαρατίγια Τζανάτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Popular_Indio" title="Partido Popular Indio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Popular Indio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partio_de_la_Popolo_de_Barato" title="Partio de la Popolo de Barato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Partio de la Popolo de Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Alderdia" title="Bharatiya Janata Alderdia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Alderdia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="حزب بهاراتیا جاناتا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب بهاراتیا جاناتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80" title="ભારતીય જનતા પાર્ટી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય જનતા પાર્ટી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EB%8B%B9" title="인도 인민당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 인민당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Partai Bharatiya Janata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata-flokkurinn" title="Bharatiya Janata-flokkurinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bharatiya Janata-flokkurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מפלגת העם ההודית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפלגת העם ההודית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7" title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜನತಾ ಪಕ್ಷ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜನತಾ ಪಕ್ಷ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ინდოეთის სახალხო პარტია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთის სახალხო პარტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="بھارتی جَنتا پارٹی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بھارتی جَنتا پارٹی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijas_Tautas_partija" title="Indijas Tautas partija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indijas Tautas partija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A1rat%C3%ADja_Dzsanat%C3%A1_P%C3%A1rt" title="Bháratíja Dzsanatá Párt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bháratíja Dzsanatá Párt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="ഭാരതീയ ജനതാ പാർട്ടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭാരതീയ ജനതാ പാർട്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="भारतीय जनता पक्ष – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय जनता पक्ष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="حزب باراتيا جاناتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حزب باراتيا جاناتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Parti Bharatiya Janata – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%E2%80%A2%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A6%E2%80%A2%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯕꯤ•ꯖꯦ•ꯄꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯤ•ꯖꯦ•ꯄꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata-partij" title="Bharatiya Janata-partij – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bharatiya Janata-partij" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="インド人民党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド人民党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata-partiet" title="Bharatiya Janata-partiet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bharatiya Janata-partiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF" title="ଭାରତୀୟ ଜନତା ପାର୍ଟି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତୀୟ ଜନତା ପାର୍ଟି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਨਤਾ ਪਾਰਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਨਤਾ ਪਾਰਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="بھارتی جنتا پارٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارتی جنتا پارٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%88_%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="د هندوستان د خلکو ګوند – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د هندوستان د خلکو ګوند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/BJP" title="BJP – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="BJP" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyjska_Partia_Ludowa" title="Indyjska Partia Ludowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indyjska Partia Ludowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_do_Povo_Indiano" title="Partido do Povo Indiano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido do Povo Indiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partidul_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Partidul Bharatiya Janata – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Partidul Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Бхаратия джаната парти – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бхаратия джаната парти" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%83" title="भारतीयजनतापक्षः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतीयजनतापक्षः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata" title="Bharatiya Janata – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BA" title="භාරතීය ජනතා පක්ෂය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භාරතීය ජනතා පක්ෂය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/BJP" title="BJP – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="BJP" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индијска народна партија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индијска народна партија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijska_narodna_partija" title="Indijska narodna partija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indijska narodna partija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intian_kansanpuolue" title="Intian kansanpuolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intian kansanpuolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Partido Bharatiya Janata – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Partido Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="பாரதிய ஜனதா கட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரதிய ஜனதா கட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80" title="భారతీయ జనతా పార్టీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారతీయ జనతా పార్టీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="พรรคภารตียชนตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พรรคภารตียชนตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_Halk_Partisi" title="Hindistan Halk Partisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan Halk Partisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96" title="Бгаратія джаната парті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бгаратія джаната парті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="بھارتیہ جنتا پارٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارتیہ جنتا پارٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Đảng Bharatiya Janata – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/BJP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="BJP (disambiguation)">BJP (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian political party</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FF9933; border-bottom:2px solid #FF9933; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Bharatiya Janata Party</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharatiya_Janata_Party_(icon).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg/250px-Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg/330px-Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="530" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">BJP<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary (Organisation): B. L. Santhosh<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Other General Secretaries</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> Joint General Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Prakash" title="Shiv Prakash">Shiv Prakash</a> General Secretaries: <a href="/wiki/Arun_Singh_(Indian_politician)" title="Arun Singh (Indian politician)">Arun Singh</a> <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Vijayvargiya" title="Kailash Vijayvargiya">Kailash Vijayvargiya</a> <a href="/wiki/Dushyant_Kumar_Gautam" title="Dushyant Kumar Gautam">Dushyant Kumar Gautam</a> Tarun Chugh <a href="/wiki/Vinod_Tawde" title="Vinod Tawde">Vinod Tawde</a> Sunil Bansal <a href="/wiki/Bandi_Sanjay_Kumar" title="Bandi Sanjay Kumar">Bandi Sanjay Kumar</a> <a href="/wiki/Radha_Mohan_Das_Agarwal" title="Radha Mohan Das Agarwal">Radha Mohan Das Agarwal</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Presidium" title="Presidium">Presidium</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National Executive</a><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliamentary</a> Chairperson</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a>)<a href="#cite_note-:3000-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Lok Sabha">Leader of the House in Lok Sabha</a>)<a href="#cite_note-:3000-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha</a>)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Treasurer</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Agarwal" title="Rajesh Agarwal">Rajesh Agarwal</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a><a href="#cite_note-:3001-8">[8]</a></li></ul></div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>... and others<a href="#cite_note-founders-15">[15]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nanaji_Deshmukh" title="Nanaji Deshmukh">Nanaji Deshmukh</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/KR_Malkani" class="mw-redirect" title="KR Malkani">KR Malkani</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Bakht" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikandar Bakht">Sikandar Bakht</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Kumar_Malhotra" title="Vijay Kumar Malhotra">Vijay Kumar Malhotra</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Raje_Scindia" title="Vijaya Raje Scindia">Vijaya Raje Scindia</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Shanta_Kumar" title="Shanta Kumar">Shanta Kumar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ram_Jethmalani" title="Ram Jethmalani">Ram Jethmalani</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jagannathrao_Joshi" title="Jagannathrao Joshi">Jagannathrao Joshi</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">6 April 1980 (45 years ago) (1980-04-06)<a href="#cite_note-:4000-16">[16]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a><a href="#cite_note-:4000-16">[16]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a> (1951–1977)<a href="#cite_note-:4000-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a> (1977–1980)<a href="#cite_note-:4000-16">[16]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">6-A, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, Delhi, India<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Sandesh" title="Kamal Sandesh">Kamal Sandesh</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>)<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Kamal Barta (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>)<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">Think tank</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Public Policy Research Centre<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thinktank-21">[21]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a> (unofficial)<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_wing" title="Women's wing">Women's wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/BJP_Mahila_Morcha" title="BJP Mahila Morcha">BJP Mahila Morcha</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Labour wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Peasant's wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">BJP Kisan Morcha<a href="#cite_note-KisanMorcha-26">[26]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_India" title="Conservatism in India">Indian</a>)<a href="#cite_note-mathewjoh-27">[27]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a><a href="#cite_note-Surajit_2017-28">[28]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a><a href="#cite_note-Angana.p-30">[30]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336Banerjee20053118BBC2012-33">[33]</a> to <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a><a href="#cite_note-Davies-34">[34]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Democracy_Union" title="Asia Pacific Democracy Union">Asia Pacific Democracy Union</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  Saffron<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">ECI</a> Status</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India#National_parties" title="List of political parties in India">National Party</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission2013-37">[37]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Alliance</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">All India</a>)<a href="#cite_note-bjp0right-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/North-East_Democratic_Alliance" title="North-East Democratic Alliance">NEDA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>)<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Democratic_Alliance_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Meghalaya Democratic Alliance (2018–present)">MDA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a>) <a href="/wiki/Maha_Yuti" title="Maha Yuti">MY</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>)<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seats in <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">240 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> (540 MPs & 1 Vacant)<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seats in <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">98 / 245<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> (225 MPs & 10 Vacant)<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seats in <a href="/wiki/State_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislative Assembly (India)">State Legislative Assemblies</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">1,656 / 4,126<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> (4118 MLAs & 8 Vacant) (<a href="#Current_seats_in_State_Legislative_Assemblies">see complete list</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seats in <a href="/wiki/State_Legislative_Council_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislative Council (India)">State Legislative Councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">165 / 426<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> (403 MLCs & 23 Vacant) (<a href="#Current_seats_in_State_Legislative_councils">see complete list</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Number of states and union territories in government</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">20 / 31<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> (28 States and 3 UTs)<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus flower">Lotus</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_flower_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lotus_flower_symbol.svg/120px-Lotus_flower_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lotus_flower_symbol.svg/250px-Lotus_flower_symbol.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="330" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:BJP_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BJP_flag.svg/180px-BJP_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BJP_flag.svg/270px-BJP_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BJP_flag.svg/360px-BJP_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a 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data-file-height="530" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #efefef;"> About</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Electoral history of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of state presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">State Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party_in_the_Parliament_of_India" title="Leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the Parliament of India">Leaders in the Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of Rajya Sabha members from the Bharatiya Janata Party">Rajya Sabha Members</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #efefef;"> Committees</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_units_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="State units of the Bharatiya Janata Party">State</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #efefef;"> Frontals</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BJP_Mahila_Morcha" title="BJP Mahila Morcha">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Students</a> (unofficial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BJP_IT_Cell" title="BJP IT Cell">Information Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/60px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/80px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="28" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic text</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">question marks or boxes</a>, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.</div></div> </div> The Bharatiya Janata Party (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[bʱaːɾətiːjə dʒənətaː paːɾʈiː]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b2\/Hindi-Bharatiya_Janata_Party.ogg\/Hindi-Bharatiya_Janata_Party.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Hindi-Bharatiya Janata Party.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Hindi-Bharatiya_Janata_Party.ogg/Hindi-Bharatiya_Janata_Party.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Hindi-Bharatiya_Janata_Party.ogg" title="File:Hindi-Bharatiya Janata Party.ogg">ⓘ</a>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Indian People's Party', BJP) is a political party in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and one of the two major <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Indian political parties</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> BJP emerged out from <a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Since 2014, it has been the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">ruling political party in India</a> under the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-zeenews-25May19-48">[48]</a> The BJP is aligned with <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing politics</a> and has close ideological and organisational links to the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS), a <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramilitary organization">paramilitary organisation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Its policies adhere to <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalist</a> ideology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanerjee20053118-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318-52">[52]</a> As of January 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&action=edit">[update]</a> it is the country's biggest political party in terms of representation in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(India)" title="State legislature (India)">state legislatures</a>. The party's origins lie in the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a>, which was founded in 1951 by Indian politician <a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a>, after he left <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a> to form a party as the political wing of RSS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200160-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> After <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">the Emergency</a> of 1975–1977, the Jana Sangh merged with several other political parties to form the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a>; it defeated the then-incumbent Indian National Congress in the <a href="/wiki/1977_Indian_general_election" title="1977 Indian general election">1977 general election</a>. After three years in power, the Janata Party dissolved in 1980, with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the modern-day BJP. Although initially unsuccessful—winning only two seats in the <a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984 general election</a>, it grew in strength on the back of the movement around <a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi" title="Ram Janmabhoomi">Ram Janmabhoomi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>. Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections, the BJP became the largest political party in the Parliament in 1996; however, it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament, and its government, under its then-leader <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, lasted for only 13 days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633-55">[55]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998 general election</a>, the BJP-led coalition known as the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> (NDA) under prime minister Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year. Following fresh elections, the NDA government—again headed by Vajpayee—lasted for a full term in office; this was the first non-Congress government to do so. In the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004 general election</a>, the NDA suffered an unexpected defeat, and for the next ten years, the BJP was the principal opposition party. Narendra Modi, then the <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Gujarat" title="List of chief ministers of Gujarat">chief minister of Gujarat</a>, led the party to a landslide victory in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 general election</a>. Modi has since led the NDA government as Indian prime minister, including being re-elected with a sole majority in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 general election</a> and with a coalition in the <a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024 general election</a>. As of December 2023,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&action=edit">[update]</a> the alliance governs 17 Indian states and union territories. The official ideology of the BJP is <a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">integral humanism</a>, first formulated by <a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a> in 1965. The party advocates <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">social conservatism</a> and a foreign policy centred on nationalist principles. During its first period in national government, the BJP avoided its Hindu nationalist priorities, and focused on a largely <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">liberal economic policy</a> that prioritised <a href="/wiki/Globalization_in_India" title="Globalization in India">globalisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">economic growth</a> over <a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_India" title="Social security in India">social welfare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2005251–272-56">[56]</a> Since returning to government in 2014, the BJP government has enacted several priorities of the RSS, including criminalising the practice of <a href="/wiki/Triple_talaq_in_India" title="Triple talaq in India">triple talaq</a>, and revoking <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370 of the Constitution of India</a> (which granted autonomy to <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019">abrogating its statehood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_Sundar_pp._632–650-57">[57]</a> The party has frequently spread <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> and has been condemned by foreign entities for spreading conspiracy theories.<a href="#cite_note-q786-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-z245-59">[59]</a> India has experienced nationwide <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_by_country#India" title="Democratic backsliding by country">democratic backsliding</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">BJP's rule since 2014</a>.<a href="#cite_note-v-dem.net_briefing_paper_9-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-v-dem.net_Democracy_Report_2021-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_Democratic_Backsliding-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ashoka_Democratic_Backsliding-63">[63]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name,_symbol,_and_themes">Name, symbol, and themes</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BJP_FLAG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BJP_FLAG.jpg/250px-BJP_FLAG.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BJP_FLAG.jpg/330px-BJP_FLAG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BJP_FLAG.jpg/500px-BJP_FLAG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption>BJP flag being flown in one of its <a href="/wiki/Campaign_rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign rally">campaign rallies</a>.</figcaption></figure> The name as well as the symbol of the party were selected by the founders. The name "Bharatiya Janata Party" literally translates to "Indian People's Party". The Symbol of the party is the flower <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Lotus has a cultural significance within India as well as <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. The symbol has been regarded as a symbol of peace and prosperity within Hinduism. Likewise, during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">independence movement of India</a>, the symbol was used by <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalist</a> as a symbol of revolt against the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Lotus is also recognised as the <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_India" title="National symbols of India">national flower of India</a>. Thus, use of the symbol gives the party a nationalist as well as Hindutva appeal.<a href="#cite_note-founders-15">[15]</a> Besides these, the party also heavily uses the <a href="/wiki/Saffron_(color)" title="Saffron (color)">Saffron</a> colour in its promotional materials and campaigning. Similar to Lotus, the Saffron colour also has a major significance within Hinduism.<a href="#cite_note-:0-66">[66]</a> The most common flag used by the party is predominantly saffron with a stripe of green in the left. Within the Saffron part of the flag, the lotus symbol is also integrated.<a href="#cite_note-:1-67">[67]</a> This particular colour scheme used in the flag assists the party to project itself as a <a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_India" title="Secularism in India">secular</a> party. Meanwhile, this also helps the party to maintain a religious undertone for its core electorate and <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Hindu nationalistic supporter groups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precursors">Precursors</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh_(1951–77)">Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1951–77)</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Influential figures</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/250px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/330px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/500px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="728" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mookerjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Syama Prasad Mookerjee">Syama Prasad Mookerjee</a>, founder-president of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Lkadvani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/250px-Lkadvani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/330px-Lkadvani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/500px-Lkadvani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1309" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a>, the last president of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></div> The BJP's origins lie in the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a>, popularly known as the Jana Sangh, founded by <a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a> in 1951 in response to the politics of the dominant <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">National Congress party</a>. It was founded in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalist</a> volunteer organisation, the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS), and was widely regarded as the political arm of the RSS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorani1978216-68">[68]</a> The Jana Sangh's aims included the protection of India's "Hindu" cultural identity, in addition to countering what it perceived to be the appeasement of Muslim people and the country of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress party</a> and then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>. The RSS loaned several of its leading <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">pracharaks</a>, or full-time workers, to the Jana Sangh to get the new party off the ground. Prominent among these was <a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a>, who was appointed General Secretary. The Jana Sangh won only three <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> seats in the <a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Indian_general_election" title="1951–52 Indian general election">first general elections in 1952</a>. It maintained a minor presence in parliament until 1967.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996116–119-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007136-70">[70]</a> The Jana Sangh's first major campaign, begun in early 1953, centred on a demand for the complete integration of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> into India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007250-71">[71]</a> Mukherjee was arrested in May 1953 for violating orders from the state government restraining him from entering Kashmir. He died of a heart attack the following month, while still in jail.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007250-71">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mauli_Chandra_Sharma" title="Mauli Chandra Sharma">Mauli Chandra Sharma</a> was elected to succeed Mukherjee; however, he was forced out of power by the RSS activists within the party, and the leadership went instead to Upadhyaya. Upadhyay remained the General Secretary until 1967, and worked to build a committed grassroots organisation in the image of the RSS. The party minimised engagement with the public, focusing instead on building its network of propagandists. Upadhyaya also articulated the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">integral humanism</a>, which formed the official doctrine of the party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996122–126,_129–130-72">[72]</a> Younger leaders, such as <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> and <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> also became involved with the leadership in this period, with Vajpayee succeeding Upadhyaya as president in 1968. The major themes on the party's agenda during this period were legislating a <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Civil_Code#Hindu_Code_Bill_and_addition_to_the_Directive_Principles" title="Uniform Civil Code">uniform civil code</a>, banning <a href="/wiki/Cattle_in_religion_and_mythology#Hinduism" title="Cattle in religion and mythology">cow slaughter</a> and abolishing the <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">special status given to Jammu and Kashmir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007250,_352,_413-73">[73]</a> After assembly elections across the country in 1967, the party entered into a coalition with several other parties, including the <a href="/wiki/Swatantra_Party" title="Swatantra Party">Swatantra Party</a> and the socialists. It formed governments in various states across the <a href="/wiki/Hindi_Belt" title="Hindi Belt">Hindi Belt</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>. It was the first time the Jana Sangh held political office, albeit within a coalition; this caused the shelving of the Jana Sangh's more radical agenda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007427–428-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Janata_Party_(1977–80)">Janata Party (1977–80)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a></div> In 1975, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> imposed a <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">state of emergency</a>. The Jana Sangh took part in the widespread protests, with thousands of its members being imprisoned along with other agitators across the country. In 1977, the emergency was withdrawn and general elections were held. The Jana Sangh merged with parties from across the political spectrum, including the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Socialist Party (India)">Socialist Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Organisation)" title="Indian National Congress (Organisation)">Congress (O)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Lok_Dal" title="Bharatiya Lok Dal">Bharatiya Lok Dal</a> to form the Janata Party, with its main agenda being defeating Indira Gandhi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007136-70">[70]</a> The Janata Party won a majority in 1977 and formed a government with <a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> as Prime Minister. The former Jana Sangh contributed the largest tally to the Janata Party's parliamentary contingent, with 93 seats or 31% of its strength. <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a>, previously the leader of the Jana Sangh, was appointed the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of External Affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007538–540-75">[75]</a> The national leadership of the former Jana Sangh consciously renounced its identity, and attempted to integrate with the political culture of the Janata Party, based on Gandhian and Hindu traditionalist principles. Political scientist <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Christophe Jaffrelot</a> wrote that this proved to be impossible assimilation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996282–283-76">[76]</a> The state and local levels of the Jana Sangh remained relatively unchanged, retaining a strong association with the RSS, which did not sit well with the moderate centre-right constituents of the Party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996292–301,_312-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">Violence between Hindus and Muslims</a> increased sharply during the years that the Janata Party formed the government, with former Jana Sangha members being implicated in the riots in <a href="/wiki/Aligarh" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a> in 1978–79.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The other major constituents of the Janata Party demanded that the former Jana Sangh members should dissociate themselves from the RSS, which they refused to do. Eventually, a fragment of the Janata Party broke off to form the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party_(Secular)" title="Janata Party (Secular)">Janata Party (Secular)</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Morarji_Desai" title="Premiership of Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai government</a> was reduced to a minority in the Parliament, forcing Desai's resignation. Following a brief period of coalition rule, general elections were held in 1980, in which the Janata Party fared poorly, winning only 31 seats. In April 1980, shortly after the elections, the National Executive Council of the Janata Party banned its members from being 'dual members' of party and the RSS. In response, the former Jana Sangh members left to create a new political party, known as the Bharatiya Janata Party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996301–312-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007538–540-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_and_early_days">Formation and early days</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Influential figures</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/250px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/330px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/500px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, the founder-president of the Bharatiya Janata Party</div></div></div></div></div> Although the newly formed BJP was technically distinct from the Jana Sangh, the bulk of its rank and file were identical to its predecessor, with Vajpayee being its first president.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Guha" title="Ramachandra Guha">Ramachandra Guha</a> writes that the early 1980s were marked by a wave of violence between Hindus and Muslims. The BJP initially moderated the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalist</a> stance of its predecessor the Jana Sangh to gain a wider appeal, emphasising its links to the Janata Party and the ideology of <a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Gandhian socialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336-80">[80]</a> This was unsuccessful, as it won only two <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> seats in the <a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">elections of 1984</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336-80">[80]</a> The only two candidates of the party who won were <a href="/wiki/A._K._Patel" title="A. K. Patel">A. K. Patel</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mehsana_Lok_Sabha_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehsana Lok Sabha constituency">Mehsana Lok Sabha constituency</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> and <a href="/wiki/C._Janga_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Janga Reddy">C. Janga Reddy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hanamkonda_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Hanamkonda Lok Sabha constituency">Hanamkonda Lok Sabha constituency</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-founders-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Indira_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Indira Gandhi">assassination of Indira Gandhi</a> a few months earlier resulted in a wave of support for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a> which won a record tally of 414 seats, contributing to the low number for the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007579-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ram_Janmabhoomi_movement">Ram Janmabhoomi movement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ram_Rath_Yatra" title="Ram Rath Yatra">Ram Rath Yatra</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">Ayodhya dispute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">Demolition of the Babri Masjid</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Advani_Yatra_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Advani_Yatra_1990.svg/250px-Advani_Yatra_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Advani_Yatra_1990.svg/330px-Advani_Yatra_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Advani_Yatra_1990.svg/500px-Advani_Yatra_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ram_Rath_Yatra" title="Ram Rath Yatra">Ram Rath Yatra</a></figcaption></figure> The failure of Vajpayee's moderate strategy led to a shift in the ideology of the party toward a policy of more hardline Hindu nationalism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPai19961170–1183-82">[82]</a> In 1984, Advani was appointed president of the party, and under him it became the political voice of the <a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi" title="Ram Janmabhoomi">Ram Janmabhoomi</a> movement. In the early 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> (VHP) began a campaign for the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mandir" title="Ram Mandir">temple</a> dedicated to the Hindu deity <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">disputed site</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a>. The mosque had been constructed by the Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> in 1527. There is a dispute about whether a temple once stood there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJha2003-83">[83]</a> The agitation was on the basis of the belief that the site is the birthplace of Rama, and that a temple had been demolished to construct the mosque.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlint2005165-84">[84]</a> The BJP threw its support behind this campaign and made it a part of their election platform. It won 86 <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> seats in 1989, a tally which made its support crucial to the <a href="/wiki/Third_Front_(India)#National_Front_(1989–1991)" title="Third Front (India)">National Front</a> government of <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007582–598-85">[85]</a> In September 1990, Advani began a <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Rath Yatra</a> (chariot journey) to Ayodhya in support of the Ram temple movement. According to Guha, the imagery employed by the yatra was "religious, allusive, militant, masculine, and anti-Muslim".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007635-86">[86]</a> Advani was placed under preventive detention on the orders of the then <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> chief minister <a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a>. A large number of <a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">kar sevaks</a> (religious volunteers) nonetheless converged at Ayodhya, and some attacked the mosque. Three days of fighting with the paramilitary forces ended with the deaths of several kar sevaks. Hindus were urged by VHP to "take revenge" for these deaths, resulting in riots against Muslims across Uttar Pradesh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007636-87">[87]</a> The BJP withdrew its support from the V.P. Singh government, leading to fresh general elections. The BJP further increased its tally to 120 seats, and won a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> assembly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633–659-88">[88]</a> On 6 December 1992, the RSS and its affiliates organised a rally involving more than 100,000 VHP and BJP activists at the site of the mosque.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633–659-88">[88]</a> The rally developed into a frenzied attack that ended with the <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">demolition of the mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633–659-88">[88]</a> Over the following weeks, waves of violence between Hindus and Muslims erupted all over the country, killing over 2,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633–659-88">[88]</a> The government briefly banned the VHP, and many BJP leaders, including Advani were arrested for making inflammatory speeches provoking the demolition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENDTV2012-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2009-90">[90]</a> Several historians have said that the demolition was the product of a conspiracy by the Sangh Parivar, and not a spontaneous act.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633–659-88">[88]</a> In the parliamentary elections in 1996, the BJP capitalised on the communal polarisation that followed the demolition to win 161 Lok Sabha seats, making it the largest party in parliament.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633-55">[55]</a> Vajpayee was sworn in as Prime Minister but was unable to attain a majority in the Lok Sabha, forcing the government to resign after 13 days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633-55">[55]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Liberhan_Commission" title="Liberhan Commission">2009 report</a>, authored by Justice <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh_Liberhan" title="Manmohan Singh Liberhan">Manmohan Singh Liberhan</a>, found that 68 people were responsible for the demolition, mostly leaders from the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2009-90">[90]</a> Among those named were Vajpayee, Advani, and <a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a>. The report also criticised <a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a>, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh during the demolition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2009-90">[90]</a> He was accused of posting bureaucrats and police officers who would stay silent during the demolition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2009-90">[90]</a> In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> acquitted all of the accused in the demolition including Advani and Joshi.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Supreme_Court_verdict_on_Ayodhya_dispute" title="2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute">2019 Supreme Court verdict</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> announced a trust to construct the Mandir. On 22 January 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mandir" title="Ram Mandir">Ram Mandir</a> was officially opened.<a href="#cite_note-:0-66">[66]</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> led its consecration, claiming it to be the start of a new era.<a href="#cite_note-:0-66">[66]</a> The temple is expected to be fully completed by September 2025.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vajpayee_and_Advani_era_(1996–2004)">Vajpayee and Advani era (1996–2004)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a></div> A coalition of regional parties formed the government in 1996, but this grouping was short-lived, and mid-term polls were held in 1998. The BJP contested the elections leading a coalition called the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> (NDA), which contained its existing allies like the <a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena</a> in addition to the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> (AIADMK) and the <a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a>. Among these regional parties, the Shiv Sena was the only one that had an ideology similar to the BJP; <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a>, for example, called the coalition an "ad hoc" grouping.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2005254-93">[93]</a> The NDA had a majority with outside support from the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</a> (TDP) and Vajpayee returned as Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTErediff.com1998-94">[94]</a> However, the coalition ruptured in May 1999 when the leader of AIADMK, <a href="/wiki/J._Jayalalithaa" title="J. Jayalalithaa">J. Jayalalithaa</a>, withdrew her support, and fresh elections were held again.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOutlook2013-95">[95]</a> On 13 October 1999, without the AIADMK, the NDA won 303 seats in parliament and thus an outright majority. The BJP had its highest-ever tally of 183. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for the third time; Advani became Deputy Prime Minister<a href="#cite_note-96">[a]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs Minister</a>. This NDA government lasted its full term of five years. Its policy agenda included a more aggressive stance on defence and terror and <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neo-liberal</a> economic policies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2005251–272-56">[56]</a> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Bangaru_Laxman" title="Bangaru Laxman">Bangaru Laxman</a>, then the BJP president, was filmed accepting a bribe in <a href="/wiki/Operation_West_End" title="Operation West End">a sting operation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKattakayam2012-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndia_Today2001-98">[97]</a> He was compelled to resign and was subsequently prosecuted, eventually being sentenced to four years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETehelka2001-99">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2002_Gujarat_violence">2002 Gujarat violence</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Gujarat violence">2002 Gujarat violence</a></div> On 27 February 2002, a <a href="/wiki/Godhra_train_burning" title="Godhra train burning">train carrying Hindu pilgrims was burned</a> outside the town of <a href="/wiki/Godhra" title="Godhra">Godhra</a>, killing 59 people. The incident was seen as an attack upon Hindus, and sparked off massive anti-Muslim violence across the state of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> that lasted several weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGhassem-Fachandi20121–31-100">[99]</a> The death toll estimated was as high as 2000, while 150,000 were displaced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot201316-101">[100]</a> Rape, mutilation, and torture were also widespread.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot201316-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2012-102">[101]</a> The then-Gujarat chief minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> and several high-ranking government officials were accused of initiating and condoning the violence, as were police officers who allegedly directed the rioters and gave them lists of Muslim-owned properties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan2012-103">[102]</a> In April 2009, a Special Investigation Team (SIT) was appointed by the Supreme Court to investigate and expedite the Gujarat riots cases. In 2012, Modi was cleared of complicity in the violence by the SIT. BJP <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">MLA</a> <a href="/wiki/Maya_Kodnani" title="Maya Kodnani">Maya Kodnani</a>, who later held a cabinet portfolio in the Modi government, was convicted of having orchestrated one of the riots and sentenced to 28 years imprisonment;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHindustan_Times2014-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENDTV.com2012-105">[104]</a> she was later acquitted by the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_High_Court" title="Gujarat High Court">Gujarat High Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Brass" title="Paul Brass">Paul Brass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dipankar_Gupta" title="Dipankar Gupta">Dipankar Gupta</a> have said that there was a high level of state complicity in the incidents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrass2005385–393-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGupta2011252-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum20082-109">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_opposition_(2004–2014)">In opposition (2004–2014)</h3></div> Vajpayee called for <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">early elections in 2004</a>, six months ahead of schedule. The NDA's campaign was based on the slogan "<a href="/wiki/India_Shining" title="India Shining">India Shining</a>", which sought to depict it as responsible for a rapid economic transformation of the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamesh2004-110">[109]</a> However, the NDA unexpectedly suffered a heavy defeat, winning only 186 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, compared to the 222 of the Congress and its allies. <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> succeeded Vajpayee as Prime Minister as the head of the <a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">United Progressive Alliance</a>. The NDA's failure to reach out to rural Indians was provided as an explanation for its defeat, as was its divisive policy agenda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamesh2004-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Hindu2004-111">[110]</a> In May 2008, the BJP won the <a href="/wiki/2008_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">state elections in Karnataka</a>. This was the first time that the party won assembly elections in any <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South Indian</a> state. In the <a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009 general elections</a>, its strength in the Lok Sabha was reduced to 116 seats. The election campaign would be the final for Advani as leader. The party would be led by <a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a> in the Rajya Sabha and <a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a> in the Lok Sabha for the following 5 years. It lost the <a href="/wiki/2013_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">Karnataka assembly election</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHindustan_Times2009-112">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modi_era_(2014–present)">Modi era (2014–present)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership of Narendra Modi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:PM_Modi_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/PM_Modi_2015.jpg/250px-PM_Modi_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/PM_Modi_2015.jpg/330px-PM_Modi_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/PM_Modi_2015.jpg/500px-PM_Modi_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="732" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, Prime Minister of India since 2014</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="425" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a> has been the longest (continuous) serving <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National President</a> of the BJP</div></div></div></div></div> In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 Indian general election</a>, the BJP won 282 seats, leading the NDA to a tally of 336 seats in the 543-seat Lok Sabha.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathew2014-113">[112]</a> Narendra Modi was sworn in as the 14th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister of India</a> on 26 May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeccan_Chronicle2014-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBCMay2014-115">[114]</a> The vote share of the BJP was 31% of all votes cast, a low figure relative to the number of seats it won.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-116">[115]</a> This was the first instance since 1984 of a single party achieving an outright majority in the Indian Parliament<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimes_of_India2014-117">[116]</a> and the first time that it achieved a majority in the Lok Sabha on its own strength. Support was concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Hindi_Belt" title="Hindi Belt">Hindi-speaking belt</a> in North-central India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-116">[115]</a> The magnitude of the victory was not predicted by most opinion and exit polls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-116">[115]</a> Political analysts have suggested several reasons for this victory, including the popularity of Modi, and the loss of support for the Congress due to the corruption scandals in its previous term.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiwakar2014-118">[117]</a> The BJP was also able to expand its traditionally upper-caste, upper-class support base and received significant support from middle-class and <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a> people, as well as among <a href="/wiki/Other_Backward_Class" title="Other Backward Class">Other Backward Classes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarshney2014-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-116">[115]</a> Its support among Muslims remained low; only 8% of Muslim voters voted for the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarshney2014-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-116">[115]</a> The BJP was also very successful at mobilizing its supporters and raising voter turnout among them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-116">[115]</a> After winning the election, the organisation of the BJP became more centralised with Modi at the helm.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> People loyal to Modi were rewarded leadership positions across various states within India.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a>, a close confidant of Modi, was appointed as the president of the BJP in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> Contextually, many veteran leaders of the party like <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a> amongst others were allegedly sidelined.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> In 2016, the BJP joined the <a href="/wiki/International_Democracy_Union" title="International Democracy Union">International Democratic Union</a>, a grouping of various <a href="/wiki/List_of_right-wing_political_parties" title="List of right-wing political parties">centre-right and right-wing</a> political parties across the globe.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> However, as of 2024, the party is no longer a member, the secretary general of the IDU, Tina Mercep, stated that they would welcome full membership of the BJP in their global network. However, <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">BJP's youth organisation</a> remains a member of the youth wing of the IDU.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> During Modi's first term as prime minister, the BJP expanded its presence in several states where it had previously been a minor player, and it regained power in other states where it had been in opposition for a considerable period. <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> saw an increase in the BJP's influence, and the party entered government in several of these states.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> In 2019, the BJP won the general election with an increased majority. Soon after returning to power, on 5 August 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Modi_ministry" title="Second Modi ministry">Modi administration</a> revoked the special status, or <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India#Autonomy_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir:_Structure_and_limitations" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">limited autonomy</a>, granted under <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Indian Constitution</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>—a region administered by <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> as a state. This state consists of the larger part of Kashmir which has been the subject of a dispute among India, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> since 1947.<a href="#cite_note-britannica-jammu-kashmir-128">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jan·OsmanczykOsmańczyk2003-129">[128]</a> Later in 2019, the Modi administration introduced the <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_(Amendment)_Act,_2019" title="Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019">Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019</a>, which was passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> on 11 December 2019. It amended the <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Citizenship Act, 1955</a> by providing a path to Indian citizenship for illegal immigrants of <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsi</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> religion, who had <a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_in_Pakistan" title="Religious discrimination in Pakistan">fled persecution</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> before December 2014.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_explained-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-PIBPassesBill-131">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> from those countries were not given such eligibility.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-132">[131]</a> The act was the first time religion had been overtly used as a criterion for citizenship under <a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Indian law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-132">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[d]</a> A report by the <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Institute" title="V-Dem Institute">V-Dem Institute</a> described India as experiencing <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">democratic backsliding</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Modi era</a>.<a href="#cite_note-v-dem.net_briefing_paper_9-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-v-dem.net_Democracy_Report_2021-61">[61]</a> Various other studies and media sources also cite India experiencing democratic backsliding.<a href="#cite_note-Ashoka_Democratic_Backsliding-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_Democratic_Backsliding-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> This is considered the most notable challenge to India's democracy since the authoritarian <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">Emergency</a> years of 1975–77.<a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_political_positions">Ideology and political positions</h2></div> The party along the history has been widely described as a <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing party">right-wing party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336Banerjee20053118BBC2012-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> but has recently been described as <a href="/wiki/Far-right_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right party">far-right</a> or part of the radical right, a subset of the far-right that does not oppose democracy.<a href="#cite_note-Davies-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_policies_and_Hindutva">Social policies and Hindutva</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism" title="Category:Conservatism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Blue" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/120px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/150px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Variants</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_corporatism" title="Conservative corporatism">Corporatist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism" title="Cultural conservatism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalistic_conservatism" title="Paternalistic conservatism">Paternalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_conservatism" title="Pragmatic conservatism">Pragmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactionary conservatism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultra</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Principles</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Ancestral worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_identity" title="Collective identity">Collective identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics_and_social_sciences)#Cultural_values" class="mw-redirect" title="Value (ethics and social sciences)">Cultural values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_movements" title="Anti-abortion movements">Pro-Life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittlichkeit" title="Sittlichkeit">Ethical order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_as_a_model_for_the_state" title="Family as a model for the state">Family as a state model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">Gender roles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Essentialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternalism" title="Maternalism">Maternalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">Royalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalism#Politics" title="Natalism">Natalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">Norms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">Mores</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organicism#In_politics_and_sociology" title="Organicism">Organicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organised_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Organised religion">Organised religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Social institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Intellectuals</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_More" title="Hannah More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Jerzy_Czartoryski" title="Adam Jerzy Czartoryski">Czartoryski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny">Savigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">Ranke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Nordau" title="Max Nordau">Nordau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilaire_Belloc" title="Hilaire Belloc">Belloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Jabotinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ilyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mannheim" title="Karl Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Jünger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Gadamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Freyre" title="Gilberto Freyre">Freyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_G%C3%B3mez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Nicolás Gómez Dávila">Gómez Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhart_Koselleck" title="Reinhart Koselleck">Koselleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima" title="Yukio Mishima">Mishima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Peterson</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Politicians</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">Mannerheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Reza Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Fujimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Kaczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Religion</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School_(perennialism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School (perennialism)">Traditionalist School</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Personal variants</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele#Political_views" title="Nayib Bukele">Bukelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_David_Cameron" title="Political positions of David Cameron">Cameronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism" title="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Francoism">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujimorism" title="Fujimorism">Fujimorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janismo" title="Janismo">Janismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellismo" title="Mellismo">Mellismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxism" title="Metaxism">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powellism" title="Powellism">Powellism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochetism" title="Pinochetism">Pinochetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaganism">Reaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkozysm" title="Sarkozysm">Sarkozysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">National variants</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Austria" title="Conservatism">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Bangladesh" title="Conservatism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Belgium" title="Conservatism">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Belize" title="Conservatism in North America">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Brazil" title="Conservatism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Chile" title="Conservatism">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_China" title="Conservatism in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Taiwan" title="Conservatism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Cuba" title="Conservatism in North America">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Denmark" title="Conservatism">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Finland" title="Conservatism">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Greece" title="Conservatism">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Guatemala" title="Conservatism in North America">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Hungary" title="Conservatism">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iceland" title="Conservatism">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_India" title="Conservatism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iran" title="Conservatism">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Conservatism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Luxembourg" title="Conservatism">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Mexico" title="Conservatism in North America">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Netherlands" title="Conservatism">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Norway" title="Conservatism">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Pakistan" title="Conservatism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Panama" title="Conservatism in North America">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Peru" title="Conservatism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Poland" title="Conservatism">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Serbia" title="Conservatism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Singapore" title="Conservatism">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Sweden" title="Conservatism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Switzerland" title="Conservatism">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Conservatism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Turkey" title="Conservatism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Ukraine" title="Conservatism">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conservatism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related ideologies</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-bottom:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_mass_killings" title="Anti-communist mass killings">White Terror</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Black conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_variants_of_feminism" title="Conservative variants of feminism">Conservative feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_wave" title="Conservative wave">Conservative wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Hispanic conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">in United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism">LGBT conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservatism_Conference" title="National Conservatism Conference">NatCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-fascism" title="Para-fascism">Para-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchalism" title="Patriarchalism">Patriarchalism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Radical right <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(Europe)" title="Radical right (Europe)">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_realism" title="Right realism">Right realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_authoritarianism" title="Right-wing authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-c_conservative" title="Small-c conservative">Small-c conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toryism" class="mw-redirect" title="Toryism">Toryism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #36c; border-bottom:1px solid #36c; font-weight:bold"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/14px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/21px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/28px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/20px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/40px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_sidebar" title="Template:Conservatism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Conservatism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></div> The official philosophy of the BJP is "<a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a>", a philosophy first formulated by <a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a> in 1965, who described it as advocating an "indigenous economic model that puts the human being at center stage."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen199985-147">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a> It is committed to <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a>, an ideology articulated by <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence</a> activist <a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a>. According to the party, Hindutva is cultural nationalism favouring Indian culture over <a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">westernisation</a>, thus it extends to all Indians regardless of religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336-80">[80]</a> Scholars and political analysts describe Hindutva as seeking to redefine India and recast it as a Hindu country to the exclusion of other religions, making the BJP a Hindu nationalist party in a general sense.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633–659-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeshia19981036–1050-149">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillan200273–95-150">[146]</a> The BJP moderated its stance after the NDA was formed in 1998, due to the presence of parties with a broader set of ideologies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633–659-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2005251–272-56">[56]</a> The BJP's Hindutva ideology has been reflected in many of its government policies. It supports the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mandir" title="Ram Mandir">Ram Mandir</a> temple at the <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">disputed site</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeshia19981036–1050-149">[145]</a> This issue was its major poll plank in the 1991 general elections.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeshia19981036–1050-149">[145]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">demolition of the mosque</a> during a BJP rally in 1992 resulted in a backlash against it, leading to a decline of the temple's prominence in its agenda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeshia19981036–1050-149">[145]</a> The education policy of the NDA government reorganised the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Educational_Research_and_Training" title="National Council of Educational Research and Training">National Council of Educational Research and Training</a> (NCERT) and tasked it with extensively revising the textbooks used in Indian schools.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200563-151">[147]</a> Various scholars have stated that this revision, especially in the case of history textbooks, was a covert attempt to "<a href="/wiki/Saffronisation" title="Saffronisation">saffronise</a>" Indian history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200563-151">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2005-152">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Hindu2002-153">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2005-154">[150]</a> The NDA government introduced <a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a> as a subject in college curricula, despite opposition from several leading scientists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBCJanuary2014-155">[151]</a> Links between the BJP and the RSS grew stronger under the Modi administration. The RSS provided organisational support to the BJP's electoral campaigns, while the Modi administration appointed a number of individuals affiliated with the RSS to prominent government positions.<a href="#cite_note-Orange_Evolution-156">[152]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Yellapragada_Sudershan_Rao" title="Yellapragada Sudershan Rao">Yellapragada Sudershan Rao</a>, who had previously been associated with the RSS, became the chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Historical_Research" title="Indian Council of Historical Research">Indian Council of Historical Research</a> (ICHR).<a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-157">[153]</a> Historians and former members of the ICHR, including those sympathetic to the BJP, questioned his credentials as a historian, and stated that the appointment was part of an agenda of cultural nationalism.<a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-157">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-saffronisation-158">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-right_wing-159">[155]</a> Over its first term the Modi administration appointed other RSS members to lead universities and research institutions, and recruitment of faculty members favoring the RSS increased. Scholars <a href="/wiki/Nandini_Sundar" title="Nandini Sundar">Nandini Sundar</a> and Kiran Bhatty write that many of these appointees did not possess the qualifications for their positions.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_Sundar_pp._632–650-57">[57]</a> The Modi administration also made numerous changes in government-approved history textbooks. These changes de-emphasizing the role of <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, and glorifying that of Modi himself, while also portraying Indian society as harmonious, without conflict or inequity.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_Sundar_pp._632–650-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_2019-160">[156]</a> The BJP supports a <a href="/wiki/Uniform_civil_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform civil code">uniform civil code</a>, which would apply a common set of personal laws to every citizen regardless of their personal religion, replacing the existing laws which vary by religious community. Historian Yogendra Malik writes that this ignores the differential procedures required to protect the cultural identity of the Muslim minority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeshia19981036–1050-149">[145]</a> The BJP favoured, and in 2019 enacted,<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> the abrogation of <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370 of the Constitution of India</a>, which granted a greater degree of autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir in recognition of the unusual circumstances surrounding its <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">accession to the Indian Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336-80">[80]</a> It simultaneously <a href="/wiki/The_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019">abrogated Jammu and Kashmir statehood</a>, reorganizing it into two <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_Sundar_pp._632–650-57">[57]</a> The BJP opposes <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigration in India">illegal immigration into India</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillan200273–95-150">[146]</a> The party states that this migration, mostly in the states of Assam and West Bengal, threatens the security, economy and stability of the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillan200273–95-150">[146]</a> Academics have pointed out that the BJP refers to Hindu migrants from Bangladesh as refugees, and reserves the term "illegal" for Muslim migrants.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillan200273–95-150">[146]</a> Academic Michael Gillan perceived it as an attempt to use an emotive issue to mobilise Hindu sentiment in a region where the party has not been historically successful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillan200273–95-150">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamachandran2003-164">[160]</a> The party later became the party of government in Assam.<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> The Modi administration passed a <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_(Amendment)_Act,_2019" title="Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019">citizenship law</a> in 2019 which provided a pathway to Indian citizenship for <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">persecuted religious</a> minorities from <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> who are <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_explained-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-PIBPassesBill-131">[130]</a> The law does not grant such eligibility to <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNNExcludes-166">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPRExcludes-167">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-132">[131]</a> This was first time religion had been overtly used as a criterion for citizenship under <a href="/wiki/Indian_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian law">Indian law</a>: it attracted global <a href="/wiki/Criticism" title="Criticism">criticism</a>, and sparked widespread <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Amendment_Act_protests" title="Citizenship Amendment Act protests">protests</a> that were halted by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_Sundar_pp._632–650-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-132">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[e]</a> Counter-demonstrations against the protests developed into the <a href="/wiki/2020_Delhi_riots" title="2020 Delhi riots">2020 Delhi riots</a>, caused chiefly by Hindu mobs attacking Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-3-16-20-1-169">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Analysis-March1-170">[165]</a> Of the 53 people killed, two-thirds were Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2020-3-12-two-thirds-171">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo-3-6-20-slater-1-172">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo-3-2-20-slater-1-173">[168]</a> In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> reinstated the controversial <a href="/wiki/Section_377_of_the_Indian_Penal_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code">Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code</a>, which, among other things, criminalises homosexuality. There was a popular outcry, although clerics, including Muslim religious leaders, stated that they supported the verdict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimes_of_India2013-174">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuncombe2014-175">[170]</a> BJP president <a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> said that the party supported Section 377, because it believed that homosexuality was unnatural,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaseshan2013-176">[171]</a> though the party softened the stance after its victory in the 2014 general elections.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusiness_Standard2014-177">[172]</a> The Modi government is opposed to <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>, stating in a legal affidavit that legalizing it would cause "complete havoc with the delicate balance of personal laws in the country" and that it was "not comparable with Indian family unit concept of a husband, wife & children which necessarily presuppose a biological man as 'husband', a biological woman as 'wife' and children born out of union".<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_policies">Economic policies</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">politics series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">Austerity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">Balanced budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denationalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Denationalization">Denationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_integration" title="Economic integration">Economic integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interdependence" title="Economic interdependence">Economic interdependence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalization" title="Economic liberalization">Economic liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Free_trade_area" title="Free trade area">area</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffer_curve" title="Laffer curve">Laffer curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketization" title="Marketization">Marketization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundell%E2%80%93Fleming_model" title="Mundell–Fleming model">Mundell–Fleming model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">Public–private partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_therapy_(economics)" title="Shock therapy (economics)">Shock therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_market" title="Single market">Single market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_Adjustment_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Adjustment Programme">Structural Adjustment Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supranationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Supranationalism">Supranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_cuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax cuts">Tax cuts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Economics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickle-down_economics" title="Trickle-down economics">Trickle-down</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujimorism" title="Fujimorism">Fujimorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrats_(United_States)" title="New Democrats (United States)">New Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Governance</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Arab_Free_Trade_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Arab Free Trade Area">Greater Arab Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERCOSUR" class="mw-redirect" title="MERCOSUR">MERCOSUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(United_States)" title="Third Way (United States)">Third Way</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Rougier" title="Louis Rougier">Louis Rougier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuhiro_Nakasone" title="Yasuhiro Nakasone">Yasuhiro Nakasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Douglas" title="Roger Douglas">Roger Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-globalization">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alter-globalization" title="Alter-globalization">Alter-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blatcherism" title="Blatcherism">Blatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_intellectual_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of intellectual property">Criticism of intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_fundamentalism" title="Market fundamentalism">Market fundamentalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalismlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/20px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/40px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 1.5x" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/40px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neoliberalism_sidebar" title="Template:Neoliberalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neoliberalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Neoliberalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neoliberalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neoliberalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The BJP's economic policy has changed considerably since its founding. There is a significant range of economic ideologies within the party. In the 1980s, like the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Jana Sangh</a>, it reflected the thinking of the RSS and its affiliates. It supported <a href="/wiki/Swadeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Swadeshi">swadeshi</a> (the promotion of indigenous industries and products) and a <a href="/wiki/Protectionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectionist">protectionist</a> export policy. However, it supported internal <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic liberalisation">economic liberalisation</a>, and opposed the state-driven industrialisation favoured by the Congress.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShulman2000365–390-179">[174]</a> During the 1996 elections, and later when it was in government, the BJP shifted its stance away from protectionism and towards <a href="/wiki/Globalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalisation">globalisation</a>. The tenure of the NDA saw an unprecedented influx of foreign companies in India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShulman2000365–390-179">[174]</a> This was criticised, including by the BJP's affiliates, the RSS and the Swadeshi Jagran Manch:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShulman2000365–390-179">[174]</a> the RSS stated that the BJP was not being true to its swadeshi ideology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShulman2000365–390-179">[174]</a> The two NDA governments in the period 1998–2004 introduced significant deregulation and privatisation of government-owned enterprises. It also introduced tariff-reducing measures. These reforms built off of the initial economic liberalisation introduced by the P. V. Narasimha Rao-led Congress government in the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETiwari2012-180">[175]</a> India's GDP growth increased substantially during the tenure of the NDA. The 2004 campaign slogan <a href="/wiki/India_Shining" title="India Shining">India Shining</a> was based on the party's belief that the free market would bring prosperity to all sectors of society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007710–720-181">[176]</a> After its unexpected defeat, commentators said that it was punished for neglecting the needs of the poor and focusing too much on its corporate allies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamesh2004-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Hindu2004-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200570-182">[177]</a> This shift in the economic policies of the BJP was also visible in state governments, especially in Gujarat, where the BJP held power for 16 years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheela_Bhatt2014-183">[178]</a> Modi's government, in power from 2002 to 2014, followed a strongly neo-liberal agenda, presented as a drive towards development.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobbio2012652–668-184">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot201379–95-185">[180]</a> Its policies have included extensive privatisation of infrastructure and services, as well as a significant rollback of labour and environmental regulations. While this was praised by the business community, commentators criticised it as catering to the BJP's upper-class constituency instead of the poor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobbio2012652–668-184">[179]</a> The economic policies of Modi's government focused on privatisation and liberalisation of the economy, based on a <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> framework.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-186">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shah_&_Lerche-187">[182]</a> Modi liberalised India's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> policies, allowing more foreign investment in several industries, including in defence and the railways.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-186">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> Other proposed reforms included making it harder for workers to form unions and easier for employers to hire and fire them;<a href="#cite_note-Shah_&_Lerche-187">[182]</a> some of these proposals were dropped after protests.<a href="#cite_note-ET_March_2018-190">[185]</a> The reforms drew strong opposition from unions: on 2 September 2015, eleven of the country's largest unions went on strike, including one affiliated with the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-Shah_&_Lerche-187">[182]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a>, a constituent of the Sangh Parivar, stated that the underlying motivation of labour reforms favoured corporations over labourers.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-186">[181]</a> Modi has been described as taking a more economically <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a> approach on healthcare and agricultural policy.<a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a> Modi's government has also been described as taking a more <a href="/wiki/Protectionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectionist">protectionist</a> turn on international trade during his second term, withdrawing from the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a> talks<a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> and introducing the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a> economic plan, which emphasises national self-sufficiency.<a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_and_counterterrorism">Defence and counterterrorism</h3></div> Compared to Congress, the BJP takes a more aggressive and nationalistic position on defence policy and terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanguly1999148–177-196">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041–37-197">[192]</a> The Vajpayee-led NDA government carried out nuclear weapons tests and enacted the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act,_2002" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002">Prevention of Terrorism Act</a>, which later came under heavy criticism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanguly1999148–177-196">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041–37-197">[192]</a> It also deployed troops to evict infiltrators from Kargil, and supported the United States <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKux200293–106-198">[193]</a> Although previous Congress governments developed the capability for a nuclear weapons test, the Vajpayee government broke with India's historical strategy of avoiding it and authorised <a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a>, a series of five nuclear tests in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanguly1999148–177-196">[191]</a> The tests came soon after Pakistan tested a medium-range ballistic missile. They were seen as an attempt to display India's military prowess to the world, and a reflection of anti-Pakistan sentiment within the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanguly1999148–177-196">[191]</a> The Vajpayee government ordered the Indian armed forces to expel the Pakistani soldiers occupying <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> territory, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQadir20021–10-199">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas2004173-200">[195]</a> Although the government was later criticised for the intelligence failures that did not detect Pakistani presence, it was successful in ousting them from the previously Indian-controlled territory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQadir20021–10-199">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas2004173-200">[195]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/2001_Indian_Parliament_attack" title="2001 Indian Parliament attack">terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament</a> in December 2001, the NDA government passed the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act,_2002" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002">Prevention of Terrorism Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041–37-197">[192]</a> The aim of the act was to improve the government's ability to deal with terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041–37-197">[192]</a> It initially failed to pass in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>; therefore, the NDA took the extraordinary step of convening a <a href="/wiki/Joint_session" title="Joint session">joint session</a> of the Parliament, where the numerical superior <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> allowed the bill to pass.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041–37-197">[192]</a> The act was subsequently used to prosecute hundreds of people accused of terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041–37-197">[192]</a> However, it was criticised by opposition parties and scholars for being an infringement upon <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_of_India" title="National Human Rights Commission of India">National Human Rights Commission of India</a> stated that it had been used to target Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041–37-197">[192]</a> It was later repealed by the Congress-led UPA government in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimes_of_India2002-201">[196]</a> The Modi government has conducted several strikes on territory controlled by neighbouring countries on counterterrorism grounds. This included a <a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar</a> against the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland" title="National Socialist Council of Nagaland">National Socialist Council of Nagaland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">2016 Indian Line of Control strike</a> in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, and the <a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">2019 Balakot airstrike</a> in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> It also militarily intervened in defence of <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2017_Doklam_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Doklam standoff">2017 Doklam standoff</a> with China.<a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a> The Modi government considers national security to be one of their key focuses and has implemented many long-standing defence reforms.<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> In August 2019, the Modi government established the post of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)</a> to ensure better coordination between all three services, a reform that was widely requested after the 1999 Kargil War.<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs" title="Department of Military Affairs">Department of Military Affairs</a> was also established and put under the CDS.<a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> The historical stance of the BJP towards <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a>, like the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, was based on an aggressive <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a> combined with economic protectionism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215–234-208">[203]</a> The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was founded with the explicit aim of reversing the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>; as a result, its official position was that the existence of Pakistan was illegitimate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215–234-208">[203]</a> This antagonism toward Pakistan remains a significant influence on the BJP's ideology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215–234-208">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris20057–27-209">[204]</a> During the Cold War, the party and its affiliates strongly opposed India's long standing policy of <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">non-alignment</a>, and instead advocated closeness to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215–234-208">[203]</a> In the post-Cold War era, the party has largely embraced the Indian foreign policy consensus of improving relations with the United States,<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a> while stressing a desire for a more <a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">multipolar</a> world order.<a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> Despite this, it has accused the <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">U.S. State Department</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Deep_state_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep state in the United States">deep state</a>" elements in the United States of attempting to destabilise India.<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> The Vajpayee government's foreign policy in many ways represented a radical shift from BJP orthodoxy while maintaining some aspects of it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShulman2000365–390-179">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris20057–27-209">[204]</a> Its policy also represented a significant change from the <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru#Foreign_policy" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehruvian idealism</a> of previous governments, opting instead for realism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELall2006-213">[208]</a> His party criticised him for adopting a much more moderate stance with Pakistan. In 1998, he made a landmark visit to Pakistan, and inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Lahore_Bus" title="Delhi–Lahore Bus">Delhi–Lahore Bus</a> service.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215–234-208">[203]</a> Vajpayee signed the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Declaration" title="Lahore Declaration">Lahore Declaration</a>, which was an attempt to improve Indo-Pakistani relations that deteriorated after the 1998 nuclear tests.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215–234-208">[203]</a> However, the presence of Pakistani soldiers and militants in the disputed Kashmir territory was discovered a few months later, causing the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">1999 Kargil War</a>. The war ended a couple of months later, with the expulsion of the infiltrators two months later, without any shift in the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a> that marked the de facto border between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215–234-208">[203]</a> Despite the war, Vajpayee continued to display a willingness to engage Pakistan in dialogue. This was not well received among the BJP cadre, who criticised the government for being "weak".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215–234-208">[203]</a> This faction of the BJP asserted itself at the post-Kargil <a href="/wiki/Agra_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra summit">Agra summit</a>, preventing any significant deal from being reached.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215–234-208">[203]</a> The Vajpayee government strongly opposed the 1999 <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO bombing of Yugoslavia</a>, with Vajpayee describing it as a "dance of destruction".<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> The Vajpayee administration later offered political support to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a>, in the hope of better addressing India's issues with terrorism and insurgency in Kashmir. This led to closer defence ties with the US, including negotiations for the sale of weapons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKux200293–106-198">[193]</a> However, the BJP strongly condemned the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>, stating that it "deplores the unjustified military action resorted to by the United States, Britain and their allies against Iraq".<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> In 2005, the BJP <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_India%E2%80%93United_States_Civil_Nuclear_Agreement_in_India#Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Opposition to the India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement in India">opposed</a> the <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_Civil_Nuclear_Agreement" title="India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement">India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement</a>, which placed restrictions on India's nuclear program.<a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> The BJP also opposed the <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 military intervention in Libya</a> and urged the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> to pass a unanimous resolution condemning it.<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> The Modi government initially took a pragmatic stance towards Pakistan, attempting to improve relations with <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a>'s government, culminating in Modi visiting Pakistan in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> Relations subsequently deteriorated, particularly after Sharif was ousted in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a> The Modi government has since been described as taking a "hardline" approach on Pakistan, and the BJP has accused the opposition Congress of collaborating with Pakistan through its criticism of government policy.<a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> In 2015, the Modi government was accused by the Nepalese government of imposing an undeclared <a href="/wiki/2015_Nepal_blockade" title="2015 Nepal blockade">blockade on Nepal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a> The Modi government expressed concern following the <a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">2021 Myanmar coup d'état</a>, but maintained cordial relations with the military government, abstaining from a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> resolution regarding the situation there.<a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> The Modi government remained neutral on the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a> abstaining from <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2623" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623</a>, which condemned the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)">ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> The leadership of the Indian National Congress backed the government's stance.<a href="#cite_note-227">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disinformation_and_conspiracy_theories">Disinformation and conspiracy theories</h3></div> The BJP has frequently spread disinformation and relied on Muslim demonisation.<a href="#cite_note-x215-228">[223]</a> The use of fake news has been a part of the party's strategy. In September 2018, <a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a> said at a party meeting in Rajasthan that the BJP IT cell had influenced the media during the 2017 Uttar Pradesh elections and added that, "We should be capable of delivering any message to the public, whether sweet or sour, true or fake."<a href="#cite_note-q786-58">[58]</a> In April 2024, the US State Department criticised the BJP for promoting <a href="/wiki/Anti-semitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-semitic">anti-semitic</a> conspiracy theories involving <a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a>.<a href="#cite_note-s195-229">[224]</a> In December 2024, the French newspaper <a href="/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart">Mediapart</a> condemned the BJP for falsifying its reports and added that, "There are no facts available supporting the conspiracy theory promoted by BJP".<a href="#cite_note-z245-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_and_structure">Organisation and structure</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg/330px-Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg/500px-Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg/960px-Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A diagram of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">structure of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div> The organisation of the BJP is strictly hierarchical, with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">president</a> being the highest authority in the party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a> Until 2012, the BJP constitution mandated that any qualified member could be national or state president for a single three-year term.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a> This was amended to a maximum of two consecutive terms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimes_of_India2012-230">[225]</a> Below the president is the <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National Executive</a>, which contains a variable number of senior leaders from across the country. It is the higher decision-making body of the party. Its members are several vice-presidents, general-secretaries, treasurers and secretaries, who work directly with the president.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a> An identical structure, with an executive committee led by a president, exists at the state, regional, district and local level.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a> The BJP is a cadre-based party. It has close connections with other organisations with similar ideologies, such as the RSS, ABVP, BYSS, VHP and other <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a>-related organisations. The cadres of these groups often supplement the BJP's. Its lower members are largely derived from the RSS and its affiliates, loosely known as the <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a>:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a> (All India Students' Union), the students' wing of the RSS<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a> (Indian Farmer's Union), the farmers' division<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a> (Indian Labourers Union), the labour union associated with the RSS<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a></li></ul> The party has subsidiary organisations of its own, such as: <ul><li>The BJP Mahila Morcha (BJP Women's Front), its women's division<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a> (Indian People's Youth Front), its youth wing<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a></li> <li>The BJP Minority Morcha (BJP Minority Front), its minority division<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171–104-148">[144]</a></li></ul> In terms of members, BJP claims to have over 170 million members<a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a> as of October 2022, and it's considered to be among the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_political_parties" title="List of largest political parties">largest political parties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a> In September 2024, PM Modi initiated the BJP membership drive,<a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> this campaign has been controversial for deceptive and coercive membership enrollment by BJP workers.<a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a> In Gujarat, minor school children have been enrolled as BJP members<a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election_results">General election results</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Electoral history of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Electoral history of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div> The Bharatiya Janata Party was officially founded in 1980, and the first general election it contested was in 1984, in which it won only two <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> seats. Following the election in 1996, the BJP became the largest party in the Lok Sabha for the first time, but the government it formed was short-lived.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633-55">[55]</a> In the elections of 1998 and 1999, it remained the largest party, and headed the ruling coalition on both occasions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2005251–272-56">[56]</a> In the 2014 general election, it won an outright majority in parliament. From 1991 onwards, a BJP member has led the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Opposition</a> whenever the party was not in power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Informatics_Centre2014-237">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[f]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Year </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Legislature </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Party leader </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Seats contested </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Seats won </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Change in seats </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Percentage of votes </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Vote swing </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Outcome </th> <th class="unsortable" style="background:#f93; color:white;">Ref. </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_Lok_Sabha" title="8th Lok Sabha">8th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> </td> <td>229 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">2 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 0.4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <td>7.74% </td> <td>New </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1984-239">[233]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_Indian_general_election" title="1989 Indian general election">1989</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_Lok_Sabha" title="9th Lok Sabha">9th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> </td> <td>225 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">85 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 83 </td> <td>11.36% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3.62% </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">Outside support</a> for <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (India)">NF</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1989-240">[234]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">1991</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_Lok_Sabha" title="10th Lok Sabha">10th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>477 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">120 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 35 </td> <td>20.11% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 8.75% </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1991-241">[235]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">11th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> </td> <td>471 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">161 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 30%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 41 </td> <td>20.29% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.18% </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Coalition, later opposition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1996-242">[236]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_Lok_Sabha" title="12th Lok Sabha">12th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>388 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">182 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 21 </td> <td>25.59% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 5.30% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1998-243">[237]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_Indian_general_election" title="1999 Indian general election">1999</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_Lok_Sabha" title="13th Lok Sabha">13th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>339 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">182 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/20px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/40px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td> <td>23.75% </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1.84% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1999-244">[238]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_Lok_Sabha" title="14th Lok Sabha">14th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>364 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">138 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 44 </td> <td>22.16% </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1.69% </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission2004-245">[239]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_Lok_Sabha" title="15th Lok Sabha">15th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> </td> <td>433 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">116 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 22 </td> <td>18.80% </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3.36% </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission2009-246">[240]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">16th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td> <td>428 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">282 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 52%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 166 </td> <td>31.34% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 12.54% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission2014-247">[241]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>436 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">303 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 21 </td> <td>37.46% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 6.12% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-248">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[243]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">18th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>441 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">240 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 63 </td> <td>36.56% </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.8% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presence_in_states_and_Union_Territories">Presence in states and Union Territories</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg/250px-BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg/330px-BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg/500px-BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1994" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> The BJP has previously held power in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>. Also it has been the junior coalition partner in governments in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Peoples_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party">Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party</a>), <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a>). It has never held power in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In addition to the NDA, the BJP is also a part of a regional political alliance in Northeast India named the <a href="/wiki/North-East_Democratic_Alliance" title="North-East Democratic Alliance">North-East Democratic Alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thewire.in-25May16-250">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-hindustantimes.com-251">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-ndtv.com-252">[246]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Lower House </th></tr> <tr> <th>Legislature </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Legislative leader </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Andhra Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">8 / 175<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penmetsa_Vishnu_Kumar_Raju" title="Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju">Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Arunachal Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">46 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 77%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pema_Khandu" title="Pema Khandu">Pema Khandu</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam_Legislative_Assembly" title="Assam Legislative Assembly">Assam</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">64 / 126<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Bihar</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">82 / 243<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samrat_Choudhary" title="Samrat Choudhary">Samrat Choudhary</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly">Chhattisgarh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">54 / 90<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Deo_Sai" title="Vishnu Deo Sai">Vishnu Deo Sai</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Legislative_Assembly" title="Delhi Legislative Assembly">Delhi</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">48 / 70<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 69%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rekha_Gupta" title="Rekha Gupta">Rekha Gupta</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Goa</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">28 / 40<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 70%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Sawant" title="Pramod Sawant">Pramod Sawant</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly" title="Gujarat Legislative Assembly">Gujarat</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">161 / 182<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 88%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhupendrabhai_Patel" title="Bhupendrabhai Patel">Bhupendrabhai Patel</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Haryana Legislative Assembly">Haryana</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">48 / 90<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nayab_Singh_Saini" title="Nayab Singh Saini">Nayab Singh Saini</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Himachal Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">28 / 68<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jai_Ram_Thakur" title="Jai Ram Thakur">Jai Ram Thakur</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Jammu and Kashmir</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">28 / 90<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunil_Kumar_Sharma_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunil Kumar Sharma (Jammu and Kashmir)">Sunil Kumar Sharma</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jharkhand Legislative Assembly">Jharkhand</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">21 / 81<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 26%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Babulal_Marandi" title="Babulal Marandi">Babulal Marandi</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly" title="Karnataka Legislative Assembly">Karnataka</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">66 / 224<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/R._Ashoka" title="R. Ashoka">R. Ashoka</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kerala Legislative Assembly">Kerala</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 140<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#CDCDCD">No Representation </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Madhya Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">165 / 230<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 72%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav" title="Mohan Yadav">Mohan Yadav</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Maharashtra</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">132 / 288<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">37 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>TBD </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon">President Rule </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">2 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanbor_Shullai" title="Sanbor Shullai">Sanbor Shullai</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly" title="Mizoram Legislative Assembly">Mizoram</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">2 / 40<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/K._Beichhua" title="K. Beichhua">K. Beichhua</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Others </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly" title="Nagaland Legislative Assembly">Nagaland</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">12 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Y._Patton" class="mw-redirect" title="Y. Patton">Y. Patton</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Odisha</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">78 / 147<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi" title="Mohan Charan Majhi">Mohan Charan Majhi</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Legislative_Assembly" title="Puducherry Legislative Assembly">Puducherry</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">9 / 33<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A._Namassivayam" title="A. Namassivayam">A. Namassivayam</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Punjab</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">2 / 117<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashwani_Kumar_Sharma" title="Ashwani Kumar Sharma">Ashwani Kumar Sharma</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Others </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly" title="Rajasthan Legislative Assembly">Rajasthan</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">119 / 200<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma">Bhajan Lal Sharma</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Sikkim</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 32<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#CDCDCD">No Representation </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Alliance </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly">Tamil Nadu</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">4 / 234<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nainar_Nagendran" title="Nainar Nagendran">Nainar Nagendran</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Others </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Telangana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Telangana Legislative Assembly">Telangana</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">8 / 119<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alleti_Maheshwar_Reddy" title="Alleti Maheshwar Reddy">Alleti Maheshwar Reddy</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Others </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Tripura_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tripura Legislative Assembly">Tripura</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">33 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manik_Saha" title="Manik Saha">Manik Saha</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Uttar Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">258 / 403<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Uttarakhand</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">47 / 70<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pushkar_Singh_Dhami" title="Pushkar Singh Dhami">Pushkar Singh Dhami</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly" title="West Bengal Legislative Assembly">West Bengal</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">65 / 294<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suvendu_Adhikari" title="Suvendu Adhikari">Suvendu Adhikari</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Upper House </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">98 / 245<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Council" title="Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council">Andhra Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 58<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Somu_Veerraju" title="Somu Veerraju">Somu Veerraju</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Council" title="Bihar Legislative Council">Bihar</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">24 / 75<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hari_Sahni" title="Hari Sahni">Hari Sahni</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Council" title="Karnataka Legislative Council">Karnataka</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">30 / 75<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chalavadi_Narayanaswamy" title="Chalavadi Narayanaswamy">Chalavadi Narayanaswamy</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Council" title="Maharashtra Legislative Council">Maharashtra</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">22 / 78<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pravin_Darekar" title="Pravin Darekar">Pravin Darekar</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Telangana_Legislative_Council" title="Telangana Legislative Council">Telangana</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">3 / 40<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>A.Venkata Narayana Reddy </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Others </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Council" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council">Uttar Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">79 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 79%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keshav_Prasad_Maurya" title="Keshav Prasad Maurya">Keshav Prasad Maurya</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_heads_of_government">List of heads of government</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_prime_ministers">List of prime ministers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">List of prime ministers of India</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">No. </th> <th rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2">Prime minister </th> <th rowspan="2">Constituency </th> <th colspan="3">Term in office </th> <th rowspan="2">Lok Sabha </th> <th rowspan="2">Cabinet </th></tr> <tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th> <th>Tenure </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/120px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/250px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)">Lucknow</a> </td> <td>16 May 1996 </td> <td>1 June 1996 </td> <td>16 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">11th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Vajpayee_ministry" title="First Vajpayee ministry">Vajpayee I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">19 March 1998 </td> <td rowspan="2">22 May 2004 </td> <td rowspan="2">6 years, 64 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_Lok_Sabha" title="12th Lok Sabha">12th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Vajpayee_ministry" title="Second Vajpayee ministry">Vajpayee II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_Lok_Sabha" title="13th Lok Sabha">13th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Third_Vajpayee_ministry" title="Third Vajpayee ministry">Vajpayee III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">2 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png/120px-Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png/250px-Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png 1.5x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="398" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Varanasi_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)">Varanasi</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">26 May 2014 </td> <td rowspan="3">Incumbent </td> <td rowspan="3">10 years, 319 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">16th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Modi_ministry" title="First Modi ministry">Modi I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Modi_ministry" title="Second Modi ministry">Modi II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">18th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Third_Modi_ministry" title="Third Modi ministry">Modi III</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_incumbent_chief_ministers">List of incumbent chief ministers</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BJP_CM_History_2025_As_Delhi_election.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BJP_CM_History_2025_As_Delhi_election.png/500px-BJP_CM_History_2025_As_Delhi_election.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="482" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BJP_CM_History_2025_As_Delhi_election.png/960px-BJP_CM_History_2025_As_Delhi_election.png 1.5x" data-file-width="3818" data-file-height="4600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party">List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div> As of 22 February 2025<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&action=edit">[update]</a>, 55 people from Bharatiya Janata Party have held the position of a chief minister, 14 of whom are incumbent. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Incumbent Chief Ministers from the BJP </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>State </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Cabinet </th> <th colspan="2">Governing coalition </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Arunachal Pradesh</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg/120px-Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg/250px-Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="598" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pema_Khandu" title="Pema Khandu">Pema Khandu</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Pema_Khandu_ministry" title="Fifth Pema Khandu ministry">Khandu V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFCA61; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">NPP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">2 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Assam_Legislative_Assembly" title="Assam Legislative Assembly">Assam</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg/120px-Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg/250px-Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="353" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sarma_ministry" title="Sarma ministry">Sarma I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#99CCFF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">AGP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FAED09; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Party_Liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="United People's Party Liberal">UPPL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly">Chhattisgarh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg/120px-Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg/250px-Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="401" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vishnudeo_Sai" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnudeo Sai">Vishnudeo Sai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vishnudeo_Sai_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnudeo Sai ministry">Sai I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Legislative_Assembly" title="Delhi Legislative Assembly">Delhi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Rekha_Gupta,_9th_Chief_Minister_of_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Rekha_Gupta%2C_9th_Chief_Minister_of_Delhi.jpg/120px-Rekha_Gupta%2C_9th_Chief_Minister_of_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Rekha_Gupta%2C_9th_Chief_Minister_of_Delhi.jpg/250px-Rekha_Gupta%2C_9th_Chief_Minister_of_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="314" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rekha_Gupta" title="Rekha Gupta">Rekha Gupta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rekha_Gupta_ministry" title="Rekha Gupta ministry">Gupta</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">5 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Goa</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa,_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg/120px-The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg/250px-The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1611" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Sawant" title="Pramod Sawant">Pramod Sawant</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Second_Pramod_Sawant_ministry" title="Second Pramod Sawant ministry">Sawant II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#AF7050; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrawadi_Gomantak_Party" title="Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party">MGP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="CDCDCD"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">IND</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly" title="Gujarat Legislative Assembly">Gujarat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="349" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhupendrabhai_Patel" title="Bhupendrabhai Patel">Bhupendrabhai Patel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Bhupendrabhai_Patel_ministry" title="Second Bhupendrabhai Patel ministry">Patel II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Haryana Legislative Assembly">Haryana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg/120px-Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg/250px-Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="608" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nayab_Singh_Saini" title="Nayab Singh Saini">Nayab Singh Saini</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Saini_ministry" title="Second Saini ministry">Saini II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Madhya Pradesh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal,_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg/120px-PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg/250px-PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="353" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav" title="Mohan Yadav">Mohan Yadav</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav_ministry" title="Mohan Yadav ministry">Yadav I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="8">9 </th> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Maharashtra</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/File:Devendra_Fadnavis_@Vidhan_Sabha_04-03-2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Devendra_Fadnavis_%40Vidhan_Sabha_04-03-2021.jpg/75px-Devendra_Fadnavis_%40Vidhan_Sabha_04-03-2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Devendra_Fadnavis_%40Vidhan_Sabha_04-03-2021.jpg/113px-Devendra_Fadnavis_%40Vidhan_Sabha_04-03-2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Devendra_Fadnavis_%40Vidhan_Sabha_04-03-2021.jpg/151px-Devendra_Fadnavis_%40Vidhan_Sabha_04-03-2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4344" data-file-height="5817" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Third_Fadnavis_ministry" title="Third Fadnavis ministry">Fadnavis III</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F37020; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena" title="Shiv Sena">SHS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00B2B2; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">NCP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#CB00F1"> </td> <td>JSS </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFF00"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Samaj_Paksha" title="Rashtriya Samaj Paksha">RSP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#1A34BB"> </td> <td>RYSP </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F58E7D"> </td> <td>RSVA </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#CDCDCD"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">IND</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">10 </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">- </td> <td rowspan="4">- </td> <td rowspan="4">- </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DB7093"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">NPP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#906;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naga_People%27s_Front" title="Naga People's Front">NPF</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CDCDCD;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">IND</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Odisha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Mohan_Charan_Majhi_(2024_Image).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg/120px-Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg/250px-Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="750" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi" title="Mohan Charan Majhi">Mohan Charan Majhi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohan Charan Majhi ministry">Majhi I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly" title="Rajasthan Legislative Assembly">Rajasthan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg/120px-Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg/250px-Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="575" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma">Bhajan Lal Sharma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma_ministry" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma ministry">Sharma I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">13 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tripura Legislative Assembly">Tripura</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg/80px-Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg/120px-Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg/160px-Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="613" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Manik_Saha" title="Manik Saha">Manik Saha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Second_Saha_ministry" title="Second Saha ministry">Saha II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:green;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_People%27s_Front_of_Tripura" title="Indigenous People's Front of Tripura">IPFT</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">14 </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Uttar Pradesh</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Yogiji_in_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yogiji_in_2023.jpg/80px-Yogiji_in_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yogiji_in_2023.jpg/121px-Yogiji_in_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yogiji_in_2023.jpg/160px-Yogiji_in_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="720" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Second_Yogi_Adityanath_ministry" title="Second Yogi Adityanath ministry">Adityanath II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#306;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apna_Dal_(Sonelal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apna Dal (Sonelal)">AD(S)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:green"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Dal" title="Rashtriya Lok Dal">RLD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#b80000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NISHAD_Party" title="NISHAD Party">NP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>15 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Uttarakhand</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pushkar_Dhami.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pushkar_Dhami.jpg/120px-Pushkar_Dhami.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pushkar_Dhami.jpg/250px-Pushkar_Dhami.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="700" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pushkar_Singh_Dhami" title="Pushkar Singh Dhami">Pushkar Singh Dhami</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Dhami_ministry" title="Second Dhami ministry">Dhami II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party_in_the_Parliament_of_India" title="Leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the Parliament of India">Leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the Parliament of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">List of political parties in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of state presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">List of state presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of ruling political parties by country</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> in 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharma2019">Sharma (2019)</a>, p. 523: "First, citizenship status biased towards religious identity is by no means a new idea.... A careful study of the policies and laws related to citizenship, adopted since independence, substantiates the assertion that citizenship in India has always been based on an implicit belief that India is for Hindus." </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSen2018">Sen (2018)</a>, pp. 10–11: "Nehru's response [to Patel's warning] made it clear that Muslim migrants from Pakistan could not join the ranks of refugees in India... Thus, despite broad public statements promising citizenship to all displaced persons from Pakistan, Hindu migrants alone counted as citizen-refugees in post-partition India." </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJayal2019">Jayal (2019)</a>, pp. 34–35: "While some elements of religious difference had... been covertly smuggled in earlier, this bill seeks to do so overtly." </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJayal2019">Jayal (2019)</a>, pp. 33–50: "While some elements of religious difference had... been covertly smuggled in earlier, this bill seeks to do so overtly." </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> For the electoral results of the BJP's predecessors, see the JP and BJS articles. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bjp.org/historyanddevelopment">"History and Development of Bharatiya Janata Party"</a>. 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New Delhi: The New Indian Express. 23 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714094916/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/may/23/bjp-think-tank-offers-online-course-in-governance-babus-to-impart-lessons-2146940.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BJP+think+tank+offers+online+course+in+governance%3B+babus+to+impart+lessons&rft.date=2020-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2Fmay%2F23%2Fbjp-think-tank-offers-online-course-in-governance-babus-to-impart-lessons-2146940.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/bjp-think-tank-releases-modi-govt---s-100-day-report-card.html">"BJP think tank releases Modi Govt's 100-day report card"</a>. dailypioneer.com. New Delhi: <a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(India)" title="The Pioneer (India)">The Pioneer</a>. 10 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716135158/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/bjp-think-tank-releases-modi-govt---s-100-day-report-card.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020. <q>Public Policy Research Center (PPRC), BJP's think tank, on Monday released a comprehensive report on 100 major decisions and initiatives taken by Modi Government in first 100 days.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=dailypioneer.com&rft.atitle=BJP+think+tank+releases+Modi+Govt%27s+100-day+report+card&rft.date=2019-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2F2019%2Fstate-editions%2Fbjp-think-tank-releases-modi-govt---s-100-day-report-card.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abvp.org/akhil-bhartiya-vidyarthi-parishad-not-students-wing-bjp-shreehari-borikar">"Akhil Bhartiya Vidyarthi Parishad is not the students' wing of BJP: Shreehari Borikar"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228202158/https://www.abvp.org/akhil-bhartiya-vidyarthi-parishad-not-students-wing-bjp-shreehari-borikar">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akhil+Bhartiya+Vidyarthi+Parishad+is+not+the+students%27+wing+of+BJP%3A+Shreehari+Borikar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abvp.org%2Fakhil-bhartiya-vidyarthi-parishad-not-students-wing-bjp-shreehari-borikar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-youth-wing-launches-its-campaign-for-partys-lok-sabha-poll-win/articleshow/67574466.cms">"BJP youth wing launches its campaign for party's Lok Sabha poll win"</a>. Economic Times. 19 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201012115329/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-youth-wing-launches-its-campaign-for-partys-lok-sabha-poll-win/articleshow/67574466.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Times&rft.atitle=BJP+youth+wing+launches+its+campaign+for+party%27s+Lok+Sabha+poll+win&rft.date=2019-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fbjp-youth-wing-launches-its-campaign-for-partys-lok-sabha-poll-win%2Farticleshow%2F67574466.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/quota-for-women-in-council-of-ministers-among-mahila-morchas-suggestions-for-bjp-poll-manifesto/articleshow/68738662.cms">"Quota for women in council of ministers among Mahila Morcha's suggestions for BJP poll manifesto"</a>. Economic Times. 5 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220607235558/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/quota-for-women-in-council-of-ministers-among-mahila-morchas-suggestions-for-bjp-poll-manifesto/articleshow/68738662.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Quota+for+women+in+council+of+ministers+among+Mahila+Morcha%27s+suggestions+for+BJP+poll+manifesto&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Felections%2Flok-sabha%2Findia%2Fquota-for-women-in-council-of-ministers-among-mahila-morchas-suggestions-for-bjp-poll-manifesto%2Farticleshow%2F68738662.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPragya_Singh2008" class="citation news cs1">Pragya Singh (15 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ohkSVkDnWYnxvZyuzggTsL/Need-to-Know--BJPled-BMS-is-biggest-labour-union-in-India.html">"Need to Know BJP-led BMS is biggest labour union in India"</a>. live mint. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103131425/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ohkSVkDnWYnxvZyuzggTsL/Need-to-Know--BJPled-BMS-is-biggest-labour-union-in-India.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=live+mint&rft.atitle=Need+to+Know+BJP-led+BMS+is+biggest+labour+union+in+India&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft.au=Pragya+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FPolitics%2FohkSVkDnWYnxvZyuzggTsL%2FNeed-to-Know--BJPled-BMS-is-biggest-labour-union-in-India.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KisanMorcha-26"><a href="#cite_ref-KisanMorcha_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRajkumar" class="citation news cs1">Rajkumar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.patrika.com/noida-news/bjp-kisan-morcha-provide-farmers-government-policies-to-the-people-hindi-news-1541257/">"सरकार की नीतियों को किसानों तक पहुंचाएगा बीजेपी किसान मोर्चा"</a>. m.patrika.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019220329/https://m.patrika.com/noida-news/bjp-kisan-morcha-provide-farmers-government-policies-to-the-people-hindi-news-1541257/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=m.patrika.com&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE&rft.au=Rajkumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.patrika.com%2Fnoida-news%2Fbjp-kisan-morcha-provide-farmers-government-policies-to-the-people-hindi-news-1541257%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathewjoh-27"><a href="#cite_ref-mathewjoh_27-0">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonGarnettWalker2017" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Matthew; Garnett, Mark; Walker, David M (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=smxQDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+a+conservatism">Conservatism and Ideology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 45–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-52900-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-52900-2"><bdi>978-1-317-52900-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061245/https://books.google.com/books?id=smxQDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+a+conservatism">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservatism+and+Ideology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-317-52900-2&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Garnett%2C+Mark&rft.au=Walker%2C+David+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsmxQDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBJP%2Ba%2Bconservatism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> <ul><li>Björn Goldstein (2015) The unconscious Indianization of 'Western' conservatism – is Indian conservatism a universal model?, Global Discourse, 5:1, 44–65, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23269995.2014.946315">10.1080/23269995.2014.946315</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMazumdar2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mazumdar, Surajit (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/93182">"Neo-Liberalism and the Rise of Right-Wing Conservatism in India"</a>. Desenvolvimento Em Debate. 5 (1): 115–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.51861%2Fded.dmds.1.011">10.51861/ded.dmds.1.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2176-9257">2176-9257</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061248/https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/93182/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Desenvolvimento+Em+Debate&rft.atitle=Neo-Liberalism+and+the+Rise+of+Right-Wing+Conservatism+in+India&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E115-%3C%2Fspan%3E131&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.51861%2Fded.dmds.1.011&rft.issn=2176-9257&rft.aulast=Mazumdar&rft.aufirst=Surajit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2Fid%2Feprint%2F93182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChhibberVerma2018" class="citation book cs1">Chhibber, Pradeep. K.; Verma, Rahul (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ">Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 50–150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-062390-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-062390-6"><bdi>978-0-19-062390-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2018001733">2018001733</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061225/https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideology+and+Identity%3A+The+Changing+Party+Systems+of+India&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E50-%3C%2Fspan%3E150&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2018001733&rft.isbn=978-0-19-062390-6&rft.aulast=Chhibber&rft.aufirst=Pradeep.+K.&rft.au=Verma%2C+Rahul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnJRqDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Surajit_2017-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Surajit_2017_28-0">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMazumdar2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mazumdar, Surajit (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/93182">"Neo-Liberalism and the Rise of Right-Wing Conservatism in India"</a>. Desenvolvimento Em Debate. 5 (1): 115–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.51861%2Fded.dmds.1.011">10.51861/ded.dmds.1.011</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061248/https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/93182/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Desenvolvimento+Em+Debate&rft.atitle=Neo-Liberalism+and+the+Rise+of+Right-Wing+Conservatism+in+India&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E115-%3C%2Fspan%3E131&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.51861%2Fded.dmds.1.011&rft.aulast=Mazumdar&rft.aufirst=Surajit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2Fid%2Feprint%2F93182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGopalakrishnan2006" class="citation journal cs1">Gopalakrishnan, Shankar (7 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418408">"Defining, Constructing and Policing a 'New India': Relationship between Neoliberalism and Hindutva"</a>. Economic & Political Weekly. 41 (26): 2803–2813. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418408">4418408</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017234207/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418408">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+%26+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Defining%2C+Constructing+and+Policing+a+%27New+India%27%3A+Relationship+between+Neoliberalism+and+Hindutva&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2803-%3C%2Fspan%3E2813&rft.date=2006-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4418408%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gopalakrishnan&rft.aufirst=Shankar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4418408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilsonUng_LohPurewal2018" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, Kalpana; Ung Loh, Jennifer; Purewal, Navtej (July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25540/1/wilson-ung-loh-purewal-introduction-gender-violence-and-the-neoliberal-state-in-India.doc.pdf">"Gender, Violence and the Neoliberal State in India"</a> (PDF). Feminist Review. 119 (1): 1–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41305-018-0109-8">10.1057/s41305-018-0109-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149814002">149814002</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210111943/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25540/1/wilson-ung-loh-purewal-introduction-gender-violence-and-the-neoliberal-state-in-India.doc.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Review&rft.atitle=Gender%2C+Violence+and+the+Neoliberal+State+in+India&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2018-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fs41305-018-0109-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149814002%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Kalpana&rft.au=Ung+Loh%2C+Jennifer&rft.au=Purewal%2C+Navtej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.soas.ac.uk%2F25540%2F1%2Fwilson-ung-loh-purewal-introduction-gender-violence-and-the-neoliberal-state-in-India.doc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMathur2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mathur, Navdeep (2018). 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Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu+Business+Line&rft.atitle=BJP+seals+alliances+in+Northeast%2C+aims+22+LS+seats&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fbjp-seals-alliances-in-northeast-aims-22-ls-seats%2Farticle26519732.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIndia_Today_Video_Desk2025" class="citation web cs1">India Today Video Desk (2 March 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/our-alliance-is-not-going-to-break-eknath-shinde-dismisses-rift-rumours-2687879-2025-03-02">"Our alliance is not going to break: Eknath Shinde dismisses rift rumours"</a>. <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a>. 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Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Position+pdf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floksabhaph.nic.in%2Fwritereaddata%2FUpdates%2FEventLSS_637191127420791113_31994.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjps-rajya-sabha-tally-dips-to-86-nda-at-101-party-below-majority-mark-6109105">"BJP's Rajya Sabha Tally Dips, NDA Now 4 Below Majority Mark"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BJP%27s+Rajya+Sabha+Tally+Dips%2C+NDA+Now+4+Below+Majority+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fbjps-rajya-sabha-tally-dips-to-86-nda-at-101-party-below-majority-mark-6109105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/partymemberlist.aspx">"Alphabetical Party Position in the Rajya Sabha"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604121829/https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/partymemberlist.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2019. 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Retrieved 27 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Narendra+Modi+and+the+struggle+for+India%27s+soul&rft.date=2019-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fbriefing%2F2019%2F03%2F02%2Fnarendra-modi-and-the-struggle-for-indias-soul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ganguly_2014-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ganguly_2014_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ganguly_2014_157-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGanguly2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ganguly, Sumit (October 2014). 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Retrieved 20 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Choice+of+ICHR+chief+reignites+saffronisation+debate&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft.aulast=Joshua&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fchoice-of-ichr-chief-reignites-saffronisation-debate%2Farticle6214483.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-right_wing-159"><a href="#cite_ref-right_wing_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMukul2014" class="citation news cs1">Mukul, Akshaya (18 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Right-wingers-question-ICHR-chief-selection/articleshow/38581467.cms">"Right-wingers question ICHR chief selection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140721002055/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Right-wingers-question-ICHR-chief-selection/articleshow/38581467.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Right-wingers+question+ICHR+chief+selection&rft.date=2014-07-18&rft.aulast=Mukul&rft.aufirst=Akshaya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FRight-wingers-question-ICHR-chief-selection%2Farticleshow%2F38581467.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bhatty_2019-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Bhatty_2019_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBhatty2019" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bhatty, Kiran (2019). "School education: Denials and delusions". In Azad, Rohit; Chakraborty, Shouvik; Ramani, Srinivasan; Sinha, Dipa (eds.). A quantum leap in the wrong direction?. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5287-618-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5287-618-1"><bdi>978-93-5287-618-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1089418969">1089418969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=School+education%3A+Denials+and+delusions&rft.btitle=A+quantum+leap+in+the+wrong+direction%3F&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1089418969&rft.isbn=978-93-5287-618-1&rft.aulast=Bhatty&rft.aufirst=Kiran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=192505,">"Parliament approves Resolution to repeal Article 370; paves way to truly integrate J&K with Indian Union"</a>. pib.gov.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310075212/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=192505,">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pib.gov.in&rft.atitle=Parliament+approves+Resolution+to+repeal+Article+370%3B+paves+way+to+truly+integrate+J%26K+with+Indian+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpib.gov.in%2Fnewsite%2FPrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D192505%2C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/article-370-rendered-toothless-article-35a-ceases-to-exist/articleshow/70535292.cms">Article 370 rendered toothless, Article 35A ceases to exist</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130063447/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/article-370-rendered-toothless-article-35a-ceases-to-exist/articleshow/70535292.cms">Archived</a> 30 November 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Economic Times, 5 August 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210049.pdf">"The Gazette of India"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805094806/http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210049.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gazette+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegazette.nic.in%2FWriteReadData%2F2019%2F210049.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamachandran2003-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamachandran2003_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamachandran2003">Ramachandran 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/opinion/assams-fascinating-politics-how-rss-took-bjp-to-the-top-in-a-state-where-it-didnt-exist/623280/">"Assam's fascinating politics & how RSS took BJP to the top in a state where it didn't exist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ThePrint" title="ThePrint">ThePrint</a>. 17 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518010553/https://theprint.in/opinion/assams-fascinating-politics-how-rss-took-bjp-to-the-top-in-a-state-where-it-didnt-exist/623280/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=Assam%27s+fascinating+politics+%26+how+RSS+took+BJP+to+the+top+in+a+state+where+it+didn%27t+exist&rft.date=2021-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fopinion%2Fassams-fascinating-politics-how-rss-took-bjp-to-the-top-in-a-state-where-it-didnt-exist%2F623280%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNExcludes-166"><a href="#cite_ref-CNNExcludes_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReganGuptaKhan" class="citation news cs1">Regan, Helen; Gupta, Swati; Khan, Omar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/11/asia/india-citizenship-amendment-bill-intl-hnk/index.html">"India passes controversial citizenship bill that excludes Muslims"</a>. 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Rediff.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100502104757/http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/mar/28bjp.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rediff.com&rft.atitle=TDP+helps+Vajpayee+wins+confidence+vote&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F1998%2Fmar%2F28bjp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSen2005" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Amartya (2005). India and the world (1. publ. ed.). 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Journal of Democracy. 25 (4). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjod.2014.0068">10.1353/jod.2014.0068</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154669666">154669666</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casi.sas.upenn.edu/sites/casi.sas.upenn.edu/files/upiasi/Journal%20of%20Democracy,%20Sridharan%20article%202014.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 January 2015. 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India: APH publishing. pp. 71–104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-257-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-257-8"><bdi>978-81-7648-257-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061228/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Gk1Wz4k_xUC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharatiya+Janata+Party%3A+Profile+and+Performance&rft.place=India&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.pub=APH+publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7648-257-8&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=Pratap+Chandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Gk1Wz4k_xUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTehelka2001" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511094603/http://tehelka.com/story_main52.asp?filename=Ws270412Bangaru.asp">"Bangaru Laxman convicted for taking bribe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tehelka" title="Tehelka">Tehelka</a>. 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The Times of India. 28 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223443/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-amends-constitution-allowing-Nitin-Gadkari-to-get-a-second-term/articleshow/16587211.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=BJP+amends+constitution+allowing+Gadkari+to+get+a+second+term&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FBJP-amends-constitution-allowing-Nitin-Gadkari-to-get-a-second-term%2Farticleshow%2F16587211.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTimes_of_India2013" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313193845/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-12-20/news/45418111_1_sc-verdict-bjp-and-rss-review-petition">"Stand with RSS, BJP"</a>. The Times of India. 20 December 2013. 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Retrieved 11 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%3A+International+Religious+Freedom+Report&rft.pub=US+Department+of+state&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2005%2F51618.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVajpayee2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Vajpayee, Atal Bihari (2007). <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a> (ed.). Hindu Nationalism: A Reader. Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Black" title="Permanent Black">Permanent Black</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13098-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13098-9"><bdi>978-0-691-13098-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Nationalism%3A+A+Reader&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Permanent+Black&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13098-9&rft.aulast=Vajpayee&rft.aufirst=Atal+Bihari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVarshney2014" class="citation journal cs1">Varshney, Ashutosh (October 2014). "Hindu Nationalism in Power?". Journal of Democracy. 25 (4): 34–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjod.2014.0071">10.1353/jod.2014.0071</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144608424">144608424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Democracy&rft.atitle=Hindu+Nationalism+in+Power%3F&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E34-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2014-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjod.2014.0071&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144608424%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Varshney&rft.aufirst=Ashutosh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Sangh_Parivar" title="Bibliography of the Sangh Parivar">Bibliography of the Sangh Parivar</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Ahuja, Gurdas M. (2004). Bharatiya Janata Party and Resurgent India. Ram Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharatiya+Janata+Party+and+Resurgent+India&rft.pub=Ram+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Ahuja&rft.aufirst=Gurdas+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_K._Andersen" title="Walter K. Andersen">Andersen, Walter K.</a>; Damle, Shridhar D. (1987) [Originally published by Westview Press]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brotherhoodinsaf0000ande">The Brotherhood in Saffron: The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Revivalism</a>. Delhi: Vistaar Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brotherhood+in+Saffron%3A+The+Rashtriya+Swayamsevak+Sangh+and+Hindu+Revivalism&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Vistaar+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Walter+K.&rft.au=Damle%2C+Shridhar+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrotherhoodinsaf0000ande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Bhambhri, C.P. (2001). Bharatiya Janata Party : Periphery to Centre. Delhi: Shipra. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7541-078-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7541-078-7"><bdi>978-81-7541-078-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharatiya+Janata+Party+%3A+Periphery+to+Centre&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Shipra&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7541-078-7&rft.aulast=Bhambhri&rft.aufirst=C.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Baxter" title="Craig Baxter">Baxter, Craig</a> (1971) [first published by <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a> 1969]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/janasanghbiograp0000baxt">The Jana Sangh — A Biography of an Indian Political Party</a>. Oxford University Press, Bombay. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-7583-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-7583-4"><bdi>978-0-8122-7583-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jana+Sangh+%E2%80%94+A+Biography+of+an+Indian+Political+Party&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Bombay&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-7583-4&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjanasanghbiograp0000baxt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChadhaGuha2016" class="citation journal cs1">Chadha, Kalyani; Guha, Pallavi (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4947">"The Bharatiya Janata Party's online campaign and citizen involvement in India's 2014 election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Communication" title="International Journal of Communication">International Journal of Communication</a>. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184915/https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4947">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Communication&rft.atitle=The+Bharatiya+Janata+Party%27s+online+campaign+and+citizen+involvement+in+India%27s+2014+election&rft.volume=10&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Chadha&rft.aufirst=Kalyani&rft.au=Guha%2C+Pallavi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fijoc.org%2Findex.php%2Fijoc%2Farticle%2Fview%2F4947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGanguly2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ganguly, Sumit (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304071320/https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/Ganguly_HinduNationalismForeignPolicy_Jun15_web.pdf">"Hindu nationalism and the foreign policy of India's Bharatiya Janata Party"</a> (PDF). Transatlantic Academy Paper Series. 2: 1–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5292-0460-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5292-0460-5"><bdi>978-1-5292-0460-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/Ganguly_HinduNationalismForeignPolicy_Jun15_web.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transatlantic+Academy+Paper+Series&rft.atitle=Hindu+nationalism+and+the+foreign+policy+of+India%27s+Bharatiya+Janata+Party&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-5292-0460-5&rft.aulast=Ganguly&rft.aufirst=Sumit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmfus.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fpdf%2FGanguly_HinduNationalismForeignPolicy_Jun15_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Graham, B. D. (1990). Hindu Nationalism and Indian Politics: The Origins and Development of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-38348-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-38348-6"><bdi>978-0-521-38348-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Nationalism+and+Indian+Politics%3A+The+Origins+and+Development+of+the+Bharatiya+Jana+Sangh&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-38348-6&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=B.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarriss2015" class="citation journal cs1">Harriss, John (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00856401.2015.1089826">"Hindu Nationalism in Action: The Bharatiya Janata Party and Indian Politics"</a>. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 38 (4): 712–718. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00856401.2015.1089826">10.1080/00856401.2015.1089826</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147615034">147615034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Asia%3A+Journal+of+South+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Hindu+Nationalism+in+Action%3A+The+Bharatiya+Janata+Party+and+Indian+Politics&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E712-%3C%2Fspan%3E718&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00856401.2015.1089826&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147615034%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Harriss&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F00856401.2015.1089826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalikSingh1994" class="citation book cs1">Malik, Yogendra K.; Singh, V.B. (1994). Hindu Nationalists in India : The Rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8810-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8810-6"><bdi>978-0-8133-8810-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Nationalists+in+India+%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Bharatiya+Janata+Party&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-8810-6&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Yogendra+K.&rft.au=Singh%2C+V.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a> (1996). The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-301-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-301-1"><bdi>978-1-85065-301-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hindu+Nationalist+Movement+and+Indian+Politics&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-301-1&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a> (July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/4127/1/hpsacp17.pdf">"Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?"</a> (PDF). Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics: 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204131058/http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/4127/1/hpsacp17.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heidelberg+Papers+in+South+Asian+and+Comparative+Politics&rft.atitle=Communal+Riots+in+Gujarat%3A+The+State+at+Risk%3F&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2003-07&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fvolltextserver%2F4127%2F1%2Fhpsacp17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJainB.E.2020" class="citation journal cs1">Jain, Varsha; B.E., Ganesh (2020). "Understanding the Magic of Credibility for Political Leaders: A Case of India and Narendra Modi". Journal of Political Marketing. 19 (1–2): 15–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15377857.2019.1652222">10.1080/15377857.2019.1652222</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202247610">202247610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Political+Marketing&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Magic+of+Credibility+for+Political+Leaders%3A+A+Case+of+India+and+Narendra+Modi.&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15377857.2019.1652222&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A202247610%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Varsha&rft.au=B.E.%2C+Ganesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Mishra, Madhusudan (1997). Bharatiya Janata Party and India's Foreign Policy. New Delhi: Uppal Pub. House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85565-79-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85565-79-8"><bdi>978-81-85565-79-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharatiya+Janata+Party+and+India%27s+Foreign+Policy&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Uppal+Pub.+House&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-85565-79-8&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.aufirst=Madhusudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kingshuk_Nag" title="Kingshuk Nag">Nag, Kingshuk</a> (2014). The Saffron Tide: The Rise of the BJP. Rupa Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8129134295" title="Special:BookSources/978-8129134295"><bdi>978-8129134295</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saffron+Tide%3A+The+Rise+of+the+BJP&rft.pub=Rupa+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-8129134295&rft.aulast=Nag&rft.aufirst=Kingshuk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Nag, Kingshuk. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (Rupa Publications, 2016).</li> <li>Palshikar, Suhas, Sanjay Kumar, and Sanjay Lodha, eds. Electoral Politics in India: The Resurgence of the Bharatiya Janata Party (Taylor & Francis, 2017).</li> <li>Raghavan, G.N.S. New Era in the Indian Polity, A Study of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and the BJP (1996).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanjeev_Kr2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sanjeev Kr, H. M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856327">"Foreign Policy Position of Bharatiya Janata Party Towards Issues of India Pakistan Relations"</a>. The Indian Journal of Political Science. 68 (2): 275–291. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856327">41856327</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113184500/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856327">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Foreign+Policy+Position+of+Bharatiya+Janata+Party+Towards+Issues+of+India+Pakistan+Relations&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E275-%3C%2Fspan%3E291&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41856327%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sanjeev+Kr&rft.aufirst=H.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41856327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Devendra P. Sharma; C.P. Thakur (1999). India under Atal Behari Vajpayee : The BJP Era. New Delhi: UBS Publishers' Distributors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7476-250-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7476-250-4"><bdi>978-81-7476-250-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+under+Atal+Behari+Vajpayee+%3A+The+BJP+Era&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=UBS+Publishers%27+Distributors&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-7476-250-4&rft.au=Devendra+P.+Sharma&rft.au=C.P.+Thakur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Stein, Burton (2010). A history of India (edited by David Arnold. 2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9509-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9509-6"><bdi>978-1-4051-9509-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+India&rft.place=Chichester%2C+UK&rft.edition=edited+by+David+Arnold.+2nd&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Rao, Ramesh (2001). Coalition conundrum: the BJP's trials, tribulations, and triumphs. Har Anand. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788124108093" title="Special:BookSources/9788124108093"><bdi>9788124108093</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coalition+conundrum%3A+the+BJP%27s+trials%2C+tribulations%2C+and+triumphs&rft.pub=Har+Anand&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9788124108093&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Ramesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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style="color:black;;background:#FF9933"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Template:Bharatiya Janata Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Template talk:Bharatiya Janata Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bharatiya Janata Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bharatiya_Janata_Party625" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Party presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> (1980–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a> (1986–91, 1993–98, 2004–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a> (1991–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushabhau_Thakre" title="Kushabhau Thakre">Kushabhau Thakre</a> (1998–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangaru_Laxman" title="Bangaru Laxman">Bangaru Laxman</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Krishnamurthi" title="Jana Krishnamurthi">Jana Krishnamurthi</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a> (2002–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> (2006–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a> (2014–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current vice presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasundhara_Raje" title="Vasundhara Raje">Vasundhara Raje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saudan_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saudan Singh (page does not exist)">Saudan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijayant_Panda" title="Baijayant Panda">Baijayant Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Pandey" title="Saroj Pandey">Saroj Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekha_Verma_(born_1973)" title="Rekha Verma (born 1973)">Rekha Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annpurna_Devi" title="Annpurna Devi">Annpurna Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharti_Shiyal" title="Bharti Shiyal">Bharti Shiyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._K._Aruna" title="D. K. Aruna">D. K. Aruna</a></li> <li>M. Chuba Ao</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Abdullakutty" title="A. P. Abdullakutty">A. P. Abdullakutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxmikant_Bajpai" title="Laxmikant Bajpai">Laxmikant Bajpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Usendi" title="Lata Usendi">Lata Usendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Mansoor" title="Tariq Mansoor">Tariq Mansoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">Prime ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> (1996; 1998–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy prime ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a> (2002–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Other prominent leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavurao_Deshpande" title="Bhavurao Deshpande">Bhavurao Deshpande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyush_Goyal" title="Piyush Goyal">Piyush Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandiben_Patel" title="Anandiben Patel">Anandiben Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_Prasad" title="Ravi Shankar Prasad">Ravi Shankar Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Abbas_Naqvi" title="Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi">Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushil_Kumar_Modi" title="Sushil Kumar Modi">Sushil Kumar Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Naik" title="Ram Naik">Ram Naik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvendu_Adhikari" title="Suvendu Adhikari">Suvendu Adhikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbananda_Sonowal" title="Sarbananda Sonowal">Sarbananda Sonowal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrakant_Bacchu_Patil" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrakant Bacchu Patil">Chandrakant Bacchu Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Ghosh_(politician)" title="Dilip Ghosh (politician)">Dilip Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamyang_Tsering_Namgyal" title="Jamyang Tsering Namgyal">Jamyang Tsering Namgyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Lal_Khurana" title="Madan Lal Khurana">Madan Lal Khurana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Singh_Verma" title="Sahib Singh Verma">Sahib Singh Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Parrikar" title="Manohar Parrikar">Manohar Parrikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshubhai_Patel" title="Keshubhai Patel">Keshubhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanta_Kumar" title="Shanta Kumar">Shanta Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Kumar_Dhumal" title="Prem Kumar Dhumal">Prem Kumar Dhumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babulal_Marandi" title="Babulal Marandi">Babulal Marandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Munda" title="Arjun Munda">Arjun Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Sadananda_Gowda" class="mw-redirect" title="D. V. Sadananda Gowda">D. V. Sadananda Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Shettar" title="Jagadish Shettar">Jagadish Shettar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sunder Lal Patwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Bharti" title="Uma Bharti">Uma Bharti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babulal_Gaur" title="Babulal Gaur">Babulal Gaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prakash_Gupta" title="Ram Prakash Gupta">Ram Prakash Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdambika_Pal" title="Jagdambika Pal">Jagdambika Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nityanand_Swami_(politician)" title="Nityanand Swami (politician)">Nityanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh_Koshyari" title="Bhagat Singh Koshyari">Bhagat Singh Koshyari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._C._Khanduri" title="B. C. Khanduri">B. C. Khanduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Pokhriyal" title="Ramesh Pokhriyal">Ramesh Pokhriyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivendra_Singh_Rawat" title="Trivendra Singh Rawat">Trivendra Singh Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Chand_Kataria" title="Gulab Chand Kataria">Gulab Chand Kataria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hriday_Narayan_Dikshit" title="Hriday Narayan Dikshit">Hriday Narayan Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biswabhusan_Harichandan" title="Biswabhusan Harichandan">Biswabhusan Harichandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaru_Dattatreya" title="Bandaru Dattatreya">Bandaru Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draupadi_Murmu" class="mw-redirect" title="Draupadi Murmu">Draupadi Murmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajubhai_Vala" title="Vajubhai Vala">Vajubhai Vala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalraj_Mishra" title="Kalraj Mishra">Kalraj Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banwarilal_Purohit" title="Banwarilal Purohit">Banwarilal Purohit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilisai_Soundararajan" title="Tamilisai Soundararajan">Tamilisai Soundararajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Sinha" title="Manoj Sinha">Manoj Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Prabhu" title="Suresh Prabhu">Suresh Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._S._Yediyurappa" title="B. S. Yediyurappa">B. S. Yediyurappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party">Current chief ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pema_Khandu" title="Pema Khandu">Pema Khandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Deo_Sai" title="Vishnu Deo Sai">Vishnu Deo Sai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Sawant" title="Pramod Sawant">Pramod Sawant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendrabhai_Patel" title="Bhupendrabhai Patel">Bhupendrabhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayab_Singh_Saini" title="Nayab Singh Saini">Nayab Singh Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav" title="Mohan Yadav">Mohan Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi" title="Mohan Charan Majhi">Mohan Charan Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma">Bhajan Lal Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Biren_Singh" title="N. Biren Singh">N. Biren Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manik_Saha" title="Manik Saha">Manik Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkar_Singh_Dhami" title="Pushkar Singh Dhami">Pushkar Singh Dhami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">Current deputy chief ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chowna_Mein" title="Chowna Mein">Chowna Mein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanthungo_Patton" title="Yanthungo Patton">Yanthungo Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajesh_Pathak" title="Brajesh Pathak">Brajesh Pathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshav_Prasad_Maurya" title="Keshav Prasad Maurya">Keshav Prasad Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samrat_Chaudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Samrat Chaudhary">Samrat Chaudhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Kumar_Sinha" title="Vijay Kumar Sinha">Vijay Kumar Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Sao" title="Arun Sao">Arun Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Sharma_(politician)" title="Vijay Sharma (politician)">Vijay Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Shukla_(politician)" title="Rajendra Shukla (politician)">Rajendra Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Devda" title="Jagdish Devda">Jagdish Devda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diya_Kumari" title="Diya Kumari">Diya Kumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Chand_Bairwa" title="Prem Chand Bairwa">Prem Chand Bairwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanak_Vardhan_Singh_Deo" title="Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo">Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravati_Parida" title="Pravati Parida">Pravati Parida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current national spokespersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Baluni" title="Anil Baluni">Anil Baluni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Mayukh" title="Sanjay Mayukh">Sanjay Mayukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambit_Patra" title="Sambit Patra">Sambit Patra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhanshu_Trivedi" title="Sudhanshu Trivedi">Sudhanshu Trivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Shahnawaz_Hussain" title="Syed Shahnawaz Hussain">Syed Shahnawaz Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Pratap_Rudy" title="Rajiv Pratap Rudy">Rajiv Pratap Rudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalin_Kohli" title="Nalin Kohli">Nalin Kohli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Chandrasekhar" title="Rajeev Chandrasekhar">Rajeev Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>Gaurav Bhatia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Zafar_Islam" title="Syed Zafar Islam">Syed Zafar Islam</a></li> <li>Tom Vadakkan</li> <li>Sanju Verma</li> <li>Gopal Krishna Agarwal</li> <li>Iqbal Singh Lalpura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._P._Singh_(politician)" title="R. P. Singh (politician)">R. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajyavardhan_Singh_Rathore" title="Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore">Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparajita_Sarangi" title="Aparajita Sarangi">Aparajita Sarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heena_Gavit" title="Heena Gavit">Heena Gavit</a></li> <li>Guruprakash</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mmhonlumo_Kikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mmhonlumo Kikon">Mmhonlumo Kikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raju_Bista" title="Raju Bista">Raju Bista</a></li> <li>K. K. Sharma</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current general secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Singh_(Indian_politician)" title="Arun Singh (Indian politician)">Arun Singh</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dushyant_Kumar_Gautam" title="Dushyant Kumar Gautam">Dushyant Kumar Gautam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarun_Chugh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarun Chugh (page does not exist)">Tarun Chugh</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Tawde" title="Vinod Tawde">Vinod Tawde</a></li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Radha_Mohan_Das_Agarwal" title="Radha Mohan Das Agarwal">Radha Mohan Das Agarwal</a></li></ul> <ul><li>B. L. Santhosh (Organisation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Prakash" title="Shiv Prakash">Shiv Prakash</a> (Organisation)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current national secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Kishore_Rahatkar" title="Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar">Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvind_Menon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvind Menon (page does not exist)">Arvind Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaja_Munde" title="Pankaja Munde">Pankaja Munde</a></li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Narendra Singh">Narendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alka_Gujar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alka Gujar (page does not exist)">Alka Gujar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Dhurve" title="Om Prakash Dhurve">Om Prakash Dhurve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rituraj_Sinha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rituraj Sinha (page does not exist)">Rituraj Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakhya_Prasad_Tasa" title="Kamakhya Prasad Tasa">Kamakhya Prasad Tasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendra_Singh_Nagar" title="Surendra Singh Nagar">Surendra Singh Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anil_Antony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anil Antony (page does not exist)">Anil Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjinder_Singh_Sirsa" title="Manjinder Singh Sirsa">Manjinder Singh Sirsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Dhankar" title="Om Prakash Dhankar">Om Prakash Dhankar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Political wings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BJP_Mahila_Morcha" title="BJP Mahila Morcha">BJP Mahila Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BJP_IT_Cell" title="BJP IT Cell">BJP IT Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_units_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="State units of the Bharatiya Janata Party">State Units</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of state presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">State Presidents</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Related organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_Jagaran_Manch" class="mw-redirect" title="Swadeshi Jagaran Manch">Swadeshi Jagaran Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Electoral history of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party_in_the_Parliament_of_India" title="Leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the Parliament of India">Party leaders in the Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of Rajya Sabha members from the Bharatiya Janata Party">Rajya Sabha members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Related_to_Bharatiya_Janata_Party137" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Related_to_Bharatiya_Janata_Party137" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Category:Bharatiya Janata Party">Related to Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sangh_Parivar_(RSS_Family_of_Organisations)188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FF9933;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sangh_Parivar" title="Template:Sangh Parivar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sangh_Parivar" title="Template talk:Sangh Parivar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sangh_Parivar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sangh Parivar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sangh_Parivar_(RSS_Family_of_Organisations)188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar (RSS Family of Organisations)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Foundation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Political party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (1980-present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a> (1951-1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Ram_Rajya_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad</a> (1948-1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Religion-specific wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Vahini" title="Durga Vahini">Durga Vahini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rashtriya_Manch" title="Muslim Rashtriya Manch">Muslim Rashtriya Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Sikh_Sangat" title="Rashtriya Sikh Sangat">Rashtriya Sikh Sangat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Jagarana_Vedike" title="Hindu Jagarana Vedike">Hindu Jagarana Vedike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharm_Jagaran_Samiti" title="Dharm Jagaran Samiti">Dharm Jagaran Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Rashtra_Sena" title="Hindu Rashtra Sena">Hindu Rashtra Sena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Strata and trade-based wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Farmers wing: <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtra_Sevika_Samiti" title="Rashtra Sevika Samiti">Rashtra Sevika Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh">Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hindu_Students%27_Forum" title="National Hindu Students' Forum">National Hindu Students' Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">NGOs and social welfare:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Bharati" title="Vidya Bharati">Vidya Bharati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekal_Vidyalaya" title="Ekal Vidyalaya">Ekal Vidyalaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Bharati" title="Seva Bharati">Seva Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Kendra" title="Vivekananda Kendra">Vivekananda Kendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Vikas_Parishad" title="Bharat Vikas Parishad">Bharat Vikas Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanavasi_Kalyan_Ashram" title="Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram">Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Tribals_Society" title="Friends of Tribals Society">Friends of Tribals Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Lok_Shiksha_Parishad" title="Bharat Lok Shiksha Parishad">Bharat Lok Shiksha Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Development_and_Relief_Fund" title="India Development and Relief Fund">India Development and Relief Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Think tank affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India Foundation</li> <li>India Policy Foundation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_Jagaran_Manch" class="mw-redirect" title="Swadeshi Jagaran Manch">Swadeshi Jagaran Manch</a></li> <li>Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_International_Foundation" title="Vivekananda International Foundation">Vivekananda International Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Itihas_Sankalan_Yojana" title="Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana">Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Project specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi_Nyas" title="Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas">Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarimala_Ayyappa_Seva_Samajam" title="Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam">Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Region specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Aikya_Vedi" title="Hindu Aikya Vedi">Hindu Aikya Vedi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">News and communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organiser_(magazine)" title="Organiser (magazine)">Organiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchjanya_(magazine)" title="Panchjanya (magazine)">Panchjanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwa_Samvad_Kendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwa Samvad Kendra">Vishwa Samvad Kendra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samskrita_Bharati" title="Samskrita Bharati">Samskrita Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreeda_Bharati" title="Kreeda Bharati">Kreeda Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hindu_Military_Education_Society" title="Central Hindu Military Education Society">Central Hindu Military Education Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sarsanghchalaks_of_the_Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sarsanghchalaks of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Sarsanghchalaks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Bhagwat" title="Mohan Bhagwat">Mohan Bhagwat</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Sudarshan" title="K. S. Sudarshan">K. S. Sudarshan</a> (2000–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Singh_(RSS)" title="Rajendra Singh (RSS)">Rajendra Singh</a> (1994–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhukar_Dattatraya_Deoras" title="Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras">Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras</a> (1973–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Golwalkar" title="M. S. Golwalkar">M. S. Golwalkar</a> (1940–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxman_Vasudev_Paranjape" title="Laxman Vasudev Paranjape">Laxman Vasudev Paranjape</a> (1930–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._B._Hedgewar" title="K. B. Hedgewar">K. B. Hedgewar</a> (1925–1930 and 1931–1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Other major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Head of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> (Prime Minister of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> (Deputy Prime Minister of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (Prime Minister of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a> (President of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a> (Vice President of India)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Freedom fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._S._Moonje" title="B. S. Moonje">Balkrishna Shivram Moonje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Senior affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Singhal" title="Ashok Singhal">Ashok Singhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babasaheb_Apte" title="Babasaheb Apte">Babasaheb Apte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Thackeray" title="Bal Thackeray">Bal Thackeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Ranade" title="Eknath Ranade">Eknath Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhakar_Balwant_Dani" title="Prabhakar Balwant Dani">Prabhakar Balwant Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praveen_Togadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Praveen Togadia">Praveen Togadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Madhav" title="Ram Madhav">Ram Madhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Das_Paramhans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramchandra Das Paramhans">Ramchandra Das Paramhans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._S._Apte" title="S. S. Apte">S. S. Apte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Joshi_(RSS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suresh Joshi (RSS)">Suresh Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambhaji_Bhide" title="Sambhaji Bhide">Sambhaji Bhide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Kishore" title="Giriraj Kishore">Giriraj Kishore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Govindacharya" title="K. N. Govindacharya">K. N. Govindacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhukar_Rao_Bhagwat" title="Madhukar Rao Bhagwat">Madhukar Rao Bhagwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Karpatri" title="Swami Karpatri">Swami Karpatri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Sangh_Parivar" title="Bibliography of the Sangh Parivar">Bibliography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shourie" title="Arun Shourie">Arun Shourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frawley" title="David Frawley">David Frawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._P._Agrawal" title="D. P. Agrawal">D. P. Agrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Kumar_Chakrabarti" title="Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti">Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gautier" title="François Gautier">François Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenraad_Elst" title="Koenraad Elst">Koenraad Elst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Danino" title="Michel Danino">Michel Danino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Malhotra" title="Rajiv Malhotra">Rajiv Malhotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Gopal_(author)" title="Ram Gopal (author)">Ram Gopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Kak" title="Subhash Kak">Subhash Kak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Chavhanke" title="Suresh Chavhanke">Suresh Chavhanke</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balraj_Madhok" title="Balraj Madhok">Balraj Madhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampal" title="Dharampal">Dharampal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girilal_Jain" title="Girilal Jain">Girilal Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._D._Sethna" title="K. D. Sethna">K. D. Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Lal" title="K. S. Lal">K. S. Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._S._Rajaram" title="N. S. Rajaram">N. S. Rajaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Krishna" title="Raj Krishna">Raj Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Dixit" title="Rajiv Dixit">Rajiv Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Swarup" title="Ram Swarup">Ram Swarup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Ram_Goel" title="Sita Ram Goel">Sita Ram Goel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Prakash_Gupta" title="Swaraj Prakash Gupta">Swaraj Prakash Gupta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Cultural Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">Akhand Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianisation" title="Indianisation">Indianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia" title="History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia">Indian influence on Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_(political_model)" title="Mandala (political model)">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskritisation" title="Sanskritisation">Sanskritisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Equality without appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoritarianism" title="Minoritarianism">Anti-minoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarva_Dharma_Sama_Bhava" title="Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava">Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasudhaiva_Kutumbakam" title="Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam">Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma-Dhamma unity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Unity of Indian-origin religions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;25px_National_Democratic_Alliance200" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FF9933; var(--color-base, black);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Democratic_Alliance" title="Template:National Democratic Alliance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Democratic_Alliance" title="Template talk:National Democratic Alliance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Democratic_Alliance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Democratic Alliance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;25px_National_Democratic_Alliance200" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Democratic_Alliance.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/National_Democratic_Alliance.svg/40px-National_Democratic_Alliance.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/National_Democratic_Alliance.svg/60px-National_Democratic_Alliance.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; var(--color-base, black);;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_members" title="List of National Democratic Alliance members">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:var(--color-base, black);;width:1%">National parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">National People's Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:var(--color-base, black);;width:1%">State parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_N.R._Congress" title="All India N.R. Congress">All India N.R. Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Jharkhand_Students_Union" title="All Jharkhand Students Union">All Jharkhand Students Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apna_Dal_(Soneylal)" title="Apna Dal (Soneylal)">Apna Dal (Soneylal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">Asom Gana Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_State_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Hill State People's Democratic Party">Hill State People's Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_Awam_Morcha" title="Hindustani Awam Morcha">Hindustani Awam Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_People%27s_Front_of_Tripura" title="Indigenous People's Front of Tripura">Indigenous People's Front of Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janasena_Party" title="Janasena Party">Janasena Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jannayak_Janta_Party" title="Jannayak Janta Party">Jannayak Janta Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party_(Ram_Vilas)" title="Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)">Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrawadi_Gomantak_Party" title="Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party">Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_People%27s_Front" title="Naga People's Front">Naga People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">Nationalist Congress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party">Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattali_Makkal_Katchi" title="Pattali Makkal Katchi">Pattali Makkal Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Shiv Sena (2022–present)">Shiv Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Krantikari_Morcha" title="Sikkim Krantikari Morcha">Sikkim Krantikari Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Meghalaya)" title="United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)">United Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Party_Liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="United People's Party Liberal">United People's Party Liberal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:var(--color-base, black);;width:1%">Unrecognized parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amma_Makkal_Munnettra_Kazagam" class="mw-redirect" title="Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam">Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharath_Dharma_Jana_Sena" title="Bharath Dharma Jana Sena">Bharath Dharma Jana Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_National_Liberation_Front" title="Gorkha National Liberation Front">Gorkha National Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Lokhit_Party" title="Haryana Lokhit Party">Haryana Lokhit Party</a></li> <li>Jan Surajya Shakti</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Kamaraj_Congress" title="Kerala Kamaraj Congress">Kerala Kamaraj Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NISHAD_Party" title="NISHAD Party">NISHAD Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prahar_Janshakti_Party" title="Prahar Janshakti Party">Prahar Janshakti Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Dal" title="Rashtriya Lok Dal">Rashtriya Lok Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party">Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Morcha" title="Rashtriya Lok Morcha">Rashtriya Lok Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Samaj_Paksha" title="Rashtriya Samaj Paksha">Rashtriya Samaj Paksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_India_(Athawale)" title="Republican Party of India (Athawale)">Republican Party of India (Athawale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheldev_Bharatiya_Samaj_Party" title="Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party">Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Maanila_Congress_(Moopanar)" title="Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)">Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamizhaga_Makkal_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam">Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:var(--color-base, black);;width:1%">Member fronts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North-East_Democratic_Alliance" title="North-East Democratic Alliance">North-East Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-East_Regional_Political_Front" title="North-East Regional Political Front">North-East Regional Political Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(Mizoram)" title="United Democratic Front (Mizoram)">United Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Yuti" title="Maha Yuti">Maha Yuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutami" title="Kutami">Kutami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(Mizoram)" title="United Democratic Front (Mizoram)">United Democratic Front (Mizoram)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Nagaland" title="Democratic Alliance of Nagaland">Democratic Alliance of Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Democratic_Alliance_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Meghalaya Democratic Alliance (2018–present)">Meghalaya Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Progressive_Alliance" title="Meghalaya Progressive Alliance">Meghalaya Progressive Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:var(--color-base, black);;width:1%">Member organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sangram" title="Shiv Sangram">Shiv Sangram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; var(--color-base, black);;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagat_Prakash_Nadda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagat Prakash Nadda">Jagat Prakash Nadda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Sangma" title="Conrad Sangma">Conrad Sangma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudesh_Mahto" title="Sudesh Mahto">Sudesh Mahto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Rangasamy" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Rangasamy">N. Rangasamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anupriya_Patel" title="Anupriya Patel">Anupriya Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atul_Bora" title="Atul Bora">Atul Bora</a></li> <li>K. P. Pangniang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Kumar_Reang" title="Prem Kumar Reang">Prem Kumar Reang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar">Nitish Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirag_Paswan" title="Chirag Paswan">Chirag Paswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudin_Dhavalikar" title="Sudin Dhavalikar">Sudin Dhavalikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoramthanga" title="Zoramthanga">Zoramthanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCzholuzo_Nien%C3%BC" title="Küzholuzo Nienü">Küzholuzo Nienü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Pawar" title="Ajit Pawar">Ajit Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neiphiu_Rio" title="Neiphiu Rio">Neiphiu Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Shinde" title="Eknath Shinde">Eknath Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Singh_Tamang" title="Prem Singh Tamang">Prem Singh Tamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Chandra_Babu_Naidu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara Chandra Babu Naidu">Nara Chandra Babu Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metbah_Lyngdoh" title="Metbah Lyngdoh">Metbah Lyngdoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Boro" title="Pramod Boro">Pramod Boro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._T._V._Dhinakaran" title="T. T. V. Dhinakaran">T. T. V. Dhinakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendra_Kushwaha" title="Upendra Kushwaha">Upendra Kushwaha</a></li> <li>Thushar Vellappally</li> <li>Mann Ghising</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Kanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gopal Kanda">Gopal Kanda</a></li> <li>Vinay Kore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawan_Kalyan" title="Pawan Kalyan">Pawan Kalyan</a></li> <li>Vishnupuram Chandrasekharan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Nishad" title="Sanjay Nishad">Sanjay Kumar Nishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachchu_Kadu" title="Bachchu Kadu">Bachchu Kadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Shanmugam" title="A. C. Shanmugam">A. C. Shanmugam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Krishnasamy" title="K. Krishnasamy">K. Krishnasamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupati_Kumar_Paras" title="Pashupati Kumar Paras">Pashupati Kumar Paras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Jankar" title="Mahadev Jankar">Mahadev Jankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Athawale" title="Ramdas Athawale">Ramdas Athawale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhdev_Singh_Dhindsa" title="Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa">Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Rajbhar" title="Om Prakash Rajbhar">Om Prakash Rajbhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Vasan" title="G. K. Vasan">G. K. Vasan</a></li> <li>B. John Pandian</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; var(--color-base, black);;width:1%">Candidates by election</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_candidates_in_the_1998_Indian_general_election" title="List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 1998 Indian general election">1998</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_candidates_in_the_1999_Indian_general_election" title="List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 1999 Indian general election">1999</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2004_Indian_general_election" title="List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2004 Indian general election">2004</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2009_Indian_general_election" title="List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2009 Indian general election">2009</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election">2014</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election">2019</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2024_Indian_general_election" title="List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2024 Indian general election">2024</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_India118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_political_parties" title="Template:Indian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Indian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_India118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties in India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party" title="Aam Aadmi Party">Aam Aadmi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">Bahujan Samaj Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">National People's Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Jharkhand_Students_Union" title="All Jharkhand Students Union">AJSU Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Forward_Bloc" title="All India Forward Bloc">All India Forward Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Majlis-e-Ittehadul_Muslimeen" title="All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen">All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_N.R._Congress" title="All India N.R. Congress">All India N.R. Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_United_Democratic_Front" title="All India United Democratic Front">All India United Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apna_Dal_(Soneylal)" title="Apna Dal (Soneylal)">Apna Dal (Soneylal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">Asom Gana Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Rashtra_Samithi" title="Bharat Rashtra Samithi">Bharat Rashtra Samithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodoland_People%27s_Front" title="Bodoland People's Front">Bodoland People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_Liberation" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation">Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiya_Murpokku_Dravida_Kazhagam" title="Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam">Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Forward_Party" title="Goa Forward Party">Goa Forward Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_State_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Hill State People's Democratic Party">Hill State People's Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Lok_Dal" title="Indian National Lok Dal">Indian National Lok Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Union_Muslim_League" title="Indian Union Muslim League">Indian Union Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_People%27s_Front_of_Tripura" title="Indigenous People's Front of Tripura">Indigenous People's Front of Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_National_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir National Conference">Jammu and Kashmir National Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party">Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janasena_Party" title="Janasena Party">Janasena Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jannayak_Janta_Party" title="Jannayak Janta Party">Jannayak Janta Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janta_Congress_Chhattisgarh" title="Janta Congress Chhattisgarh">Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha" title="Jharkhand Mukti Morcha">Jharkhand Mukti Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress_(M)" title="Kerala Congress (M)">Kerala Congress (M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party_(Ram_Vilas)" title="Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)">Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Navnirman_Sena" title="Maharashtra Navnirman Sena">Maharashtra Navnirman Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrawadi_Gomantak_Party" title="Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party">Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_National_Front" title="Mizo National Front">Mizo National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Tamilar_Katchi" title="Naam Tamilar Katchi">Naam Tamilar Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_People%27s_Front" title="Naga People's Front">Naga People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">Nationalist Congress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party_%E2%80%93_Sharadchandra_Pawar" title="Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar">Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party">Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Arunachal" title="People's Party of Arunachal">People's Party of Arunachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Front_(Meghalaya)" title="People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya)">People's Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party">Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Samta_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Samta Party">Rashtriya Lok Samta Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Loktantrik_Party" title="Rashtriya Loktantrik Party">Rashtriya Loktantrik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Goans_Party" title="Revolutionary Goans Party">Revolutionary Goans Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)">Revolutionary Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena" title="Shiv Sena">Shiv Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(UBT)" title="Shiv Sena (UBT)">Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Democratic_Front" title="Sikkim Democratic Front">Sikkim Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Krantikari_Morcha" title="Sikkim Krantikari Morcha">Sikkim Krantikari Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipra_Motha_Party" title="Tipra Motha Party">Tipra Motha Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinamool_Congress" title="Trinamool Congress">Trinamool Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Meghalaya)" title="United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)">United Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Party,_Liberal" title="United People's Party, Liberal">United People's Party, Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_People_Party_(Meghalaya)" title="Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)">Voice of the People Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viduthalai_Chiruthaigal_Katchi" title="Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi">Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuvajana_Sramika_Rythu_Congress_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party">Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoram_Nationalist_Party" title="Zoram Nationalist Party">Zoram Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoram_People%27s_Movement" title="Zoram People's Movement">Zoram People's Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognized parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahila_India_Naadalum_Makkal_Katchi" title="Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi">Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Rajakulathor_Peravai" title="All India Rajakulathor Peravai">All India Rajakulathor Peravai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akali_Dal_(Waris_Punjab_De)" title="Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De)">Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambedkarite_Party_of_India" title="Ambedkarite Party of India">Ambedkarite Party of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amma_Makkal_Munnettra_Kazagam" class="mw-redirect" title="Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam">Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana_Suraksha_Party" title="Gana Suraksha Party">Gana Suraksha Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Centre_of_India_(Communist)" title="Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)">Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apna_Dal_(Kamerawadi)" title="Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)">Apna Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Samaj_Party_(Kanshi_Ram)" title="Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)">Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Mukti_Party" title="Bahujan Mukti Party">Bahujan Mukti Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharipa_Bahujan_Mahasangh" title="Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh">Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Tribal_Party" title="Bharatiya Tribal Party">Bharatiya Tribal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Marxist_Party" title="Communist Marxist Party">Communist Marxist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_(Secular)" title="Congress (Secular)">Congress (Secular)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Azad_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Azad Party">Democratic Azad Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Party_(Prabodh_Chandra)" title="Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)">Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiya_Makkal_Sakthi_Katchi" title="Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi">Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Vikas_Party" title="Goa Vikas Party">Goa Vikas Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwana_Ganatantra_Party" title="Gondwana Ganatantra Party">Gondwana Ganatantra Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Janmukti_Morcha" title="Gorkha Janmukti Morcha">Gorkha Janmukti Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamro_Sikkim_Party" title="Hamro Sikkim Party">Hamro Sikkim Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Janta_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustan Janta Party">Hindustan Janta Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_Awam_Morcha" title="Hindustani Awam Morcha">Hindustani Awam Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikkjutt_Jammu" title="Ikkjutt Jammu">Ikkjutt Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indhiya_Jananayaga_Katchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi">Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_League" title="Indian National League">Indian National League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Apni_Party" title="Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party">Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_People%27s_Conference" title="Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference">Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Workers_Party" title="Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party">Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Adhikar_Party_(Loktantrik)" title="Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)">Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jannayak_Janta_Party" title="Jannayak Janta Party">Jannayak Janta Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jansatta_Dal_(Loktantrik)" title="Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)">Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Party" title="Jharkhand Party">Jharkhand Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Pragnyavantha_Janatha_Party" title="Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party">Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khun_Hynniewtrep_National_Awakening_Movement" title="Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement">Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress_(B)" title="Kerala Congress (B)">Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress_(Jacob)" title="Kerala Congress (Jacob)">Kerala Congress (Jacob)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress_(Thomas)" title="Kerala Congress (Thomas)">Kerala Congress (Thomas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongunadu_Makkal_Desia_Katchi" title="Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi">Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Insaaf_Party" title="Lok Insaaf Party">Lok Insaaf Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loktantrik_Janata_Dal" title="Loktantrik Janata Dal">Loktantrik Janata Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahan_Dal" title="Mahan Dal">Mahan Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makkal_Needhi_Maiam" title="Makkal Needhi Maiam">Makkal Needhi Maiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marumalarchi_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_Co-ordination_Committee" title="Marxist Co-ordination Committee">Marxist Co-ordination Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Secular_Conference" title="National Secular Conference">National Secular Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NISHAD_Party" title="NISHAD Party">NISHAD Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattali_Makkal_Katchi" title="Pattali Makkal Katchi">Pattali Makkal Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puratchi_Bharatham_Katchi" title="Puratchi Bharatham Katchi">Puratchi Bharatham Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthiya_Needhi_Katchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Puthiya Needhi Katchi">Puthiya Needhi Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthiya_Tamilagam" title="Puthiya Tamilagam">Puthiya Tamilagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raijor_Dal" title="Raijor Dal">Raijor Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Morcha" title="Rashtriya Lok Morcha">Rashtriya Lok Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Samaj_Paksha" title="Rashtriya Samaj Paksha">Rashtriya Samaj Paksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_India_(Athawale)" title="Republican Party of India (Athawale)">Republican Party of India (Athawale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_of_Kerala_(Bolshevik)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)">Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(Leninist)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)">Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Janata_Party_(Rashtriya)" title="Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)">Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sangram" title="Shiv Sangram">Shiv Sangram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal_(Amritsar)" title="Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)">Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_National_People%27s_Party" title="Sikkim National People's Party">Sikkim National People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_India" title="Social Democratic Party of India">Social Democratic Party of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Centre_of_India_(Communist)" title="Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)">Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheldev_Bharatiya_Samaj_Party" title="Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party">Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swabhimani_Paksha" title="Swabhimani Paksha">Swabhimani Paksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swatantra_Bharat_Paksh" title="Swatantra Bharat Paksh">Swatantra Bharat Paksh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Maanila_Congress_(Moopanar)" title="Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)">Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilaga_Vettri_Kazhagam" title="Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam">Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamizhaga_Makkal_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam">Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamizhaga_Murpokku_Makkal_Katchi" title="Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi">Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Jana_Samithi" title="Telangana Jana Samithi">Telangana Jana Samithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipra_Motha_Party" title="Tipra Motha Party">Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Goans_Democratic_Party" title="United Goans Democratic Party">United Goans Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Kranti_Dal" title="Uttarakhand Kranti Dal">Uttarakhand Kranti Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchit_Bahujan_Aaghadi" title="Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi">Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikassheel_Insaan_Party" title="Vikassheel Insaan Party">Vikassheel Insaan Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party_of_India" title="Welfare Party of India">Welfare Party of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_nationalism80" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_nationalism" title="Template:Hindu nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_nationalism" title="Template talk:Hindu nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_nationalism80" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">General ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffronisation" title="Saffronisation">Saffronisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral Humanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Shiv Sena (2022–present)">Shiv Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat" title="Abhinav Bharat">Abhinav Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Akhara_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharath_Dharma_Jana_Sena" title="Bharath Dharma Jana Sena">Bharath Dharma Jana Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karni_Sena" title="Karni Sena">Karni Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Gau_Raksha_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal">Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janshakti_Party" title="Bharatiya Janshakti Party">Bharatiya Janshakti Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Jagran_Manch" title="Hindu Jagran Manch">Hindu Jagran Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Janajagruti_Samiti" title="Hindu Janajagruti Samiti">Hindu Janajagruti Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Sena" title="Hindu Sena">Hindu Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ram_Sena" title="Sri Ram Sena">Sri Ram Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrawadi_Gomantak_Party" title="Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party">Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panun_Kashmir" title="Panun Kashmir">Panun Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanatan_Sanstha" title="Sanatan Sanstha">Sanatan Sanstha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virat_Hindustan_Sangam" title="Virat Hindustan Sangam">Virat Hindustan Sangam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Nepal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GFP_Ramdir_Sena" title="GFP Ramdir Sena">GFP Ramdir Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Prajatantrik_Party" title="Hindu Prajatantrik Party">Hindu Prajatantrik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastriya_Prajatantra_Party" title="Rastriya Prajatantra Party">Rastriya Prajatantra Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanti_Party_Nepal" title="Shanti Party Nepal">Shanti Party Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivsena_Nepal" title="Shivsena Nepal">Shivsena Nepal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangabhumi#Banga_Sena" title="Bangabhumi">Banga Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh">Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siva_Senai" title="Siva Senai">Siva Senai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HINDRAF" title="HINDRAF">HINDRAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Ram_Rajya_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Dharma_Mahamandala" title="Bharat Dharma Mahamandala">Bharat Dharma Mahamandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jan_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Jan Sangh">Bharatiya Jan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Praja_Parishad" title="Jammu Praja Parishad">Jammu Praja Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastriya_Prajatantra_Party_Nepal" title="Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal">Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Maha_Sabha_(Fiji)" title="Hindu Maha Sabha (Fiji)">Hindu Maha Sabha (Fiji)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Yuva_Vahini" title="Hindu Yuva Vahini">Hindu Yuva Vahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena (1966–2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dattopant_Thengadi" title="Dattopant Thengadi">Dattopant Thengadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramanian_Swamy" title="Subramanian Swamy">Subramanian Swamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanaji_Deshmukh" title="Nanaji Deshmukh">Nanaji Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailashpati_Mishra" title="Kailashpati Mishra">Kailashpati Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhukar_Dattatraya_Deoras" title="Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras">Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushabhau_Thakre" title="Kushabhau Thakre">Kushabhau Thakre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Bhagwat" title="Mohan Bhagwat">Mohan Bhagwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathuram_Godse" title="Nathuram Godse">Nathuram Godse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravin_Togadia" title="Pravin Togadia">Pravin Togadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenraad_Elst" title="Koenraad Elst">Koenraad Elst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gautier" title="François Gautier">François Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Thapa" title="Kamal Thapa">Kamal Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad_Lingden" title="Rajendra Prasad Lingden">Rajendra Prasad Lingden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Madhav" title="Ram Madhav">Ram Madhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digvijay_Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Digvijay Nath">Digvijay Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Sudarshan" title="K. S. Sudarshan">K. S. Sudarshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._S._Moonje" title="B. S. Moonje">B. S. Moonje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Bharti" title="Uma Bharti">Uma Bharti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Events and controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi">Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">Demolition of the Babri Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Bhiwandi_riots" title="1970 Bhiwandi riots">1970 Bhiwandi riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_boycott_of_Hindi_cinema" title="Hindutva boycott of Hindi cinema">Boycott of Hindi cinema</a></li> <li><a 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wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" 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data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/20px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/40px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/12px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/19px-Socrates.png 1.5x, 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10230#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10230#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010709882X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158301849">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5026822-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82127449">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36342718">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/8007017">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810648015605606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007593120505171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0894841X?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1248836">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-658b85fd8d-7sxc9","wgBackendResponseTime":416,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.060","walltime":"3.546","ppvisitednodes":{"value":34214,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":943205,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":103958,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":39,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":982739,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2908.971 1 -total"," 28.22% 820.770 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.11% 410.557 1 Template:Infobox_Indian_political_party"," 13.27% 386.009 90 Template:Cite_news"," 13.01% 378.395 1 Template:Infobox_political_party"," 12.48% 363.160 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.97% 318.985 174 Template:Sfn"," 10.62% 309.052 72 Template:Cite_web"," 6.24% 181.396 40 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.38% 156.604 35 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.867","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":31117124,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbbas2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAfzhal_Khan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAkhtarKirk\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlizadaColeGastaldiGrahn2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmmassariFossatiMcDonnell2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnanya_Das2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBC2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBCJanuary2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBCMay2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBajpaee2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBala2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBanerjee-Fischer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBanerjee2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhattacharyya2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhatty2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhattySundar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiswas2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBobbio2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrass2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuncombe2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBusiness_Standard2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChadhaGuha2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChatterjiHansenJaffrelot2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaturvedi2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaulia2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChhibberVerma2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDas2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaviesLynch2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeccan_Chronicle2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevesh_Kumar2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiwakar2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis-PetersonAzizur_Rahman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFirst_Post2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgerald2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlint2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanguly1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanguly2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanguly2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGettlemanAbi-Habib2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGettlemanYasirRajKumar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhassem-Fachandi2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGill2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillan2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGopalakrishnan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGringlas\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuha2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGupta2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGyan_Varma2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaidar2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarriss2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHindleLindberg2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHindustan_Times2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHindustan_Times2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInbar2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndia_Today2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndia_Today_Video_Desk2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIwanek\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIwanek2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaffrelot1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaffrelot2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaffrelotSchoch2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJain2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJain2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJainB.E.2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJayal2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJha2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonGarnettWalker2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJoshua2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKabool_Ahmad2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarmakar2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKattakayam2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKux2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLall2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanga2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeidigMudde2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalikSingh1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalikSingh1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathew2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathur2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMazumdar2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonnellCabrera2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehrotraShih2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMogul2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukherjee2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukul2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNDTV.com2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNDTV2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Informatics_Centre2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoorani1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNussbaum2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsmańczyk2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOutlook2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPai1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPillalamarri\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPisharoty2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPragya_Singh2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQadir2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajkumar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamachandran2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamaseshan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamesh2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReganGuptaKhan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuparelia2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanjeev_Kr2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSengupta\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeshia1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShahLerche2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheela_Bhatt2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShulman2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddhartha_Rai2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSir2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSirnate2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlater2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlaterMasih2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSridharan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubba2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuraiya\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwain2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTehelka2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Hindu2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Hindu2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Hindu_Bureau2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes_of_India2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes_of_India2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes_of_India2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes_of_India2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTiwari2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVajpayee2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVarshney2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilsonUng_LohPurewal2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhong2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFrediff.com1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFÖzçelik2019\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"As of\"] = 3,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Ayd\"] = 3,\n [\"Bharatiya Janata Party\"] = 1,\n [\"Bharatiya Janata Party sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Britannica\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 9,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 35,\n [\"Cite document\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 40,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 90,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 72,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Colour box\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons and category\"] = 1,\n [\"Composition bar\"] = 54,\n [\"Conservatism sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Contains special characters\"] = 1,\n [\"Decrease\"] = 7,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Doi\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 6,\n [\"Further\"] = 5,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"GovPubs\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 35,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 4,\n [\"Hidden\"] = 1,\n [\"Hindu Nationalism\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 13,\n [\"Indian political parties\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Indian political party\"] = 1,\n [\"Internet Archive author\"] = 1,\n [\"JSTOR\"] = 2,\n [\"Lit\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 8,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 3,\n [\"National Democratic Alliance\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Neoliberalism sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"No2\"] = 10,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 3,\n [\"Official URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Partial\"] = 7,\n [\"Party color\"] = 19,\n [\"Party color cell\"] = 21,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sangh Parivar\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 174,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Steady\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Ublist\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 4,\n [\"Wikinews category\"] = 1,\n [\"Yes2\"] = 30,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-658b85fd8d-t9pfk","timestamp":"20250410192911","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bharatiya Janata Party","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bharatiya_Janata_Party","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10230","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10230","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-20T13:35:22Z","dateModified":"2025-04-09T10:41:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/03\/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg","headline":"right-wing Hindu nationalist political party in India"}</script> </body> </html>