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Shafaei Bajestani</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Mahsa Shafaei Bajestani"> <meta name="keywords" content="Mahsa Shafaei Bajestani"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Mahsa Shafaei Bajestani"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 12</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Mahsa Shafaei Bajestani</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Experimental Determination of Shear Strength Properties of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregates Using Direct Shear and Triaxial Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahsa%20Shafaei%20Bajestani">Mahsa Shafaei Bajestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmoud%20Yazdani"> Mahmoud Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aliakbar%20Golshani"> Aliakbar Golshani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Artificial lightweight aggregates have a wide range of applications in industry and engineering. Nowadays, the usage of this material in geotechnical activities, especially as backfill in retaining walls has been growing due to the specific characteristics which make it a competent alternative to the conventional geotechnical materials. In practice, a material with lower weight but higher shear strength parameters would be ideal as backfill behind retaining walls because of the important roles that these parameters play in decreasing the overall active lateral earth pressure. In this study, two types of Light Expanded Clay Aggregates (LECA) produced in the Leca factory are investigated. LECA is made in a rotary kiln by heating natural clay at different temperatures up to 1200 °C making quasi-spherical aggregates with different sizes ranged from 0 to 25 mm. The loose bulk density of these aggregates is between 300 and 700 kN/m<sup>3</sup>. The purpose of this research is to determine the stress-strain behavior, shear strength parameters, and the energy absorption of LECA materials. Direct shear tests were conducted at five normal stresses of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 kPa. In addition, conventional triaxial compression tests were operated at confining pressures of 50, 100, and 200 kPa to examine stress-strain behavior. The experimental results show a high internal angle of friction and even a considerable amount of nominal cohesion despite the granular structure of LECA. These desirable properties along with the intrinsic low density of these aggregates make LECA as a very proper material in geotechnical applications. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that lightweight aggregates may have high energy absorption that is excellent alternative material in seismic isolations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Expanded%20clay" title="Expanded clay">Expanded clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=direct%20shear%20test" title=" direct shear test"> direct shear test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=triaxial%20test" title=" triaxial test"> triaxial test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shear%20properties" title=" shear properties"> shear properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20absorption." title=" energy absorption."> energy absorption.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/experimental-determination-of-shear-strength-properties-of-lightweight-expanded-clay-aggregates-using-direct-shear-and-triaxial-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> The Effects of Bolt Spacing on Composite Shear Wall Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amir%20Ayazi">Amir Ayazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamde%20Ahmadi"> Hamde Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soheil%20Shafaei"> Soheil Shafaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Composite steel shear wall is a lateral load resisting system which consists of a steel plate with concrete wall attached to one or both sides to prevent it from elastic buckling. The composite behavior is ensured by utilizing high-strength bolts. This paper investigates the effect of distance between bolts, and for this purpose 14 one-story one-bay specimens with various bolts spacing were modeled by finite element code which is developed by the authors. To verify the model, numerical results were compared with a valid experiment which illustrate proper agreement. Results depict increasing the distance between bolts would improve the seismic ever, this increase must be limited, because of large distances will cause widespread buckling of the steel plate in free subpanels between bolts and would result in no improvement. By comparing the results in elastic region, it was observed initial stiffness is not affected by changing the distance.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Composite%20steel%20shear%20wall" title="Composite steel shear wall">Composite steel shear wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bolt" title=" bolt"> bolt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=buckling" title=" buckling"> buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20element." title=" finite element."> finite element.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/the-effects-of-bolt-spacing-on-composite-shear-wall-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Effect of Environmental Factors on Photoreactivation of Microorganisms under Indoor Conditions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shirin%20Shafaei">Shirin Shafaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=James%20R.%20Bolton"> James R. Bolton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Gamal%20El%20Din"> Mohamed Gamal El Din</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection causes damage to the DNA or RNA of microorganisms, but many microorganisms can repair this damage after exposure to near-UV or visible wavelengths (310–480 nm) by a mechanism called photoreactivation. Photoreactivation is gaining more attention because it can reduce the efficiency of UV disinfection of wastewater several hours after treatment. The focus of many photoreactivation research activities on the single species has caused a considerable lack in knowledge about complex natural communities of microorganisms and their response to UV treatment. In this research, photoreactivation experiments were carried out on the influent of the UV disinfection unit at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Edmonton, Alberta after exposure to a Medium-Pressure (MP) UV lamp system to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on photoreactivation of microorganisms in the actual municipal wastewater. The effect of reactivation fluence, temperature, and river water on photoreactivation of total coliforms was examined under indoor conditions. The results showed that higher effective reactivation fluence values (up to 20 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) and higher temperatures (up to 25 °C) increased the photoreactivation of total coliforms. However, increasing the percentage of river in the mixtures of the effluent and river water decreased the photoreactivation of the mixtures. The results of this research can help the municipal wastewater treatment industry to examine the environmental effects of discharging their effluents into receiving waters.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photoreactivation" title="Photoreactivation">Photoreactivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reactivation%20fluence" title=" reactivation fluence"> reactivation fluence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=river%20water" title=" river water"> river water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultraviolet%20disinfection" title=" ultraviolet disinfection"> ultraviolet disinfection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wastewater%20effluent." title=" wastewater effluent."> wastewater effluent.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/effect-of-environmental-factors-on-photoreactivation-of-microorganisms-under-indoor-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Comparison between Antibacterial Effects of Ethanolic and Isopropyl: Hexan (7:3) Extracts of Zingiber officinale Rose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tahereh%20Naji">Tahereh Naji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahsa%20Jassemi"> Mahsa Jassemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation, the antibacterial effects of ethanolic and 7:3 isopropyl 鈥揾exane mixture extracts of Zingiber officinale were evaluated against three Gram positive bacteria, B. cereus, S.epidermidis, S. aureus and three Gram negative bacteria, E. coli, K.pneumonia and P.areuginosa. Utilizing paper disk diffusion and well methods in-vitro, MIC and MBC were determined by macrodilution. The results showed that ethanolic rhizome extract of ginger had significantly active than Isopropyl 鈥揾exan extract. Further work needs to be done in these extracts including fractionation to isolate active constituents and subsequent pharmacological evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antibacterial" title="Antibacterial">Antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Medicinal%20plant%20extract" title=" Medicinal plant extract"> Medicinal plant extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zingiberofficinale." title=" Zingiberofficinale."> Zingiberofficinale.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/comparison-between-antibacterial-effects-of-ethanolic-and-isopropyl-hexan-73-extracts-of-zingiber-officinale-rose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Impact of Design Choices on the Life Cycle Energy of Modern Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahsa%20Karimpour">Mahsa Karimpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Martin%20Belusko"> Martin Belusko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ke%20Xing"> Ke Xing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frank%20Bruno"> Frank Bruno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditionally, the embodied energy of design choices which reduce operational energy were assumed to have a negligible impact on the life cycle energy of buildings. However with new buildings having considerably lower operational energy, the significance of embodied energy increases. A life cycle assessment of a population of house designs was conducted in a mild and mixed climate zone. It was determined not only that embodied energy dominates life cycle energy, but that the impact on embodied of design choices was of equal significance to the impact on operational energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Building%20life%20cycle%20energy" title="Building life cycle energy">Building life cycle energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=embodied%20energy" title=" embodied energy"> embodied energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%0D%0Adesign%20measures" title=" energy design measures"> energy design measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=low%20energy%20buildings." title=" low energy buildings."> low energy buildings.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/impact-of-design-choices-on-the-life-cycle-energy-of-modern-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Effects of Electric Potential on Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Hollow Cylinder under Non-Axisymmetric Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amir%20Atrian">Amir Atrian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Javad%20Jafari%20Fesharaki"> Javad Jafari Fesharaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gh.%20Hossein%20Majzoobi"> Gh. Hossein Majzoobi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahsa%20Sheidaee"> Mahsa Sheidaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analytical solution of functionally graded piezoelectric hollow cylinder which is under radial electric potential and non-axisymmetric thermo-mechanical loads, are presented in this paper. Using complex Fourier series and estimation of power law for variations of material characterizations through the thickness, the electro thermo mechanical behavior of the FGPM cylinder is obtained. The stress and displacement distributions and the effect of electric potential field on the cylinder behavior are also presented and some applicable results are offered at the end of the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Analytical" title="Analytical">Analytical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FGM" title=" FGM"> FGM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fourier%20series" title=" Fourier series"> Fourier series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Non-axisymmetric" title=" Non-axisymmetric"> Non-axisymmetric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Piezoelectric" title=" Piezoelectric"> Piezoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermo-elasticity" title=" Thermo-elasticity"> Thermo-elasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/effects-of-electric-potential-on-thermo-mechanical-behavior-of-functionally-graded-piezoelectric-hollow-cylinder-under-non-axisymmetric-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1839</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Sulfur Removal of Hydrocarbon Fuels Using Oxidative Desulfurization Enhanced by Fenton Process </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahsa%20Ja%E2%80%99fari">Mahsa Ja鈥檉ari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20R.%20Khosravi-Nikou"> Mohammad R. Khosravi-Nikou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohsen%20Motavassel"> Mohsen Motavassel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A comprehensive development towards the production of ultra-clean fuels as a feed stoke is getting to raise due to the increasing use of diesel fuels and global air pollution. Production of environmental-friendly fuels can be achievable by some limited single methods and most integrated ones. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) presents vast ranges of technologies possessing suitable characteristics with regard to the Fenton process. Using toluene as a model fuel feed with dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a sulfur compound under various operating conditions is the attempt of this study. The results showed that this oxidative process followed a pseudo-first order kinetics. Removal efficiency of 77.43% is attained under reaction time of 40 minutes with (Fe<sup>+2</sup>/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) molar ratio of 0.05 in acidic pH environment. In this research, temperature of 50 °C represented the most influential role in proceeding the reaction.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Design%20of%20experiment" title="Design of experiment">Design of experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dibenzothiophene" title=" dibenzothiophene"> dibenzothiophene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oxidative%20desulfurization." title=" oxidative desulfurization."> oxidative desulfurization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/sulfur-removal-of-hydrocarbon-fuels-using-oxidative-desulfurization-enhanced-by-fenton-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1976</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Effect of Electromagnetic Fields on Structure and Pollen Grains Development in Chenopodium album L</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leila%20Amjad">Leila Amjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahsa%20Shafighi"> Mahsa Shafighi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of the pollen grain, with to the reproductive process of higher plants, is to deliver the spermatic cells to the embryo sac for egg fertilization. The aim of this project was study the effect of electromagnetic fields on structure and pollen grains development in Chenopodium album. Anthers of Chenopodium album L. were collected at different stages of development from control (without electromagnetic field) and plants grown at 10m from the field sources. Structure and development of pollen grains were studied and compared. The studying pollen structure by Light and Scanning electron microscopy showed that electromagnetic fields reduction of pollen grains number and male sterility, thus , in some anthers, pollen grains were attached together and deformed compared to control ones. The data presented suggest that prolonged exposures of plants to magnetic field may cause different biological effects at the cellular tissue and organ levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electromagnetic%20fields" title="Electromagnetic fields">Electromagnetic fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pollen" title=" pollen"> pollen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chenopodium%20albumL." title=" Chenopodium albumL."> Chenopodium albumL.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/effect-of-electromagnetic-fields-on-structure-and-pollen-grains-development-in-chenopodium-album-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Evaluating Contractors in Construction Projects by Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Supply Chain Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sara%20Najiazarpour">Sara Najiazarpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahsa%20Najiazarpour"> Mahsa Najiazarpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>There are many problems in contracting projects and their performance. At each project stage and due to different reasons, these problems affect cost, time, and quality. Hence, in order to increase the efficiency and performance in all levels of the chain and with supply chain management approach, there will be a coordination from the beginning of a project to the end of project (handover of project). Contractor selection is the foremost part of construction projects which in this multi-criteria decision-making, the best contractor is determined by expert judgment, different variables, and their priorities. In this paper for selecting the best contractor, numerous criteria were collected by asking from adept experts and then among them, 16 criteria with highest frequency were considered for questionnaire. This questionnaire was distributed between experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and then based on Borda function important criteria were selected which was categorized in four main criteria as follows: Environmental factors and physical equipment, past performance and technical expertise, affordability and standards. Then with PROMTHEE method, the criteria were normalized and monitored, finally the best alternative was selected. A case study had been done, and the best contractor was selected based on all criteria and their priorities.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Evaluation%20and%20selecting%20contractors" title="Evaluation and selecting contractors">Evaluation and selecting contractors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=project%20development" title=" project development"> project development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title=" supply chain management"> supply chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi-criteria%20decision-making." title=" multi-criteria decision-making."> multi-criteria decision-making.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/evaluating-contractors-in-construction-projects-by-multi-criteria-decision-making-and-supply-chain-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Estimation of Geotechnical Parameters by Comparing Monitoring Data with Numerical Results: Case Study of Arash鈥揈sfandiar-Niayesh Under-Passing Tunnel, Africa Tunnel, Tehran, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aliakbar%20Golshani">Aliakbar Golshani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seyyed%20Mehdi%20Poorhashemi"> Seyyed Mehdi Poorhashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahsa%20Gharizadeh"> Mahsa Gharizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The under passing tunnels are strongly influenced by the soils around. There are some complexities in the specification of real soil behavior, owing to the fact that lots of uncertainties exist in soil properties, and additionally, inappropriate soil constitutive models. Such mentioned factors may cause incompatible settlements in numerical analysis with the obtained values in actual construction. This paper aims to report a case study on a specific tunnel constructed by NATM. The tunnel has a depth of 11.4 m, height of 12.2 m, and width of 14.4 m with 2.5 lanes. The numerical modeling was based on a 2D finite element program. The soil material behavior was modeled by hardening soil model. According to the field observations, the numerical estimated settlement at the ground surface was approximately four times more than the measured one, after the entire installation of the initial lining, indicating that some unknown factors affect the values. Consequently, the geotechnical parameters are accurately revised by a numerical back-analysis using laboratory and field test data and based on the obtained monitoring data. The obtained result confirms that typically, the soil parameters are conservatively low-estimated. And additionally, the constitutive models cannot be applied properly for all soil conditions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NATM%20tunnel" title="NATM tunnel">NATM tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=initial%20lining" title=" initial lining"> initial lining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=field%20test%20data" title=" field test data"> field test data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=laboratory%20test%20data" title=" laboratory test data"> laboratory test data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=monitoring%20data" title=" monitoring data"> monitoring data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=numerical%20back-analysis." title=" numerical back-analysis."> numerical back-analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/estimation-of-geotechnical-parameters-by-comparing-monitoring-data-with-numerical-results-case-study-of-arash-esfandiar-niayesh-under-passing-tunnel-africa-tunnel-tehran-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">729</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Reduction of Plants Biodiversity in Hyrcanian Forest by Coal Mining Activities </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahsa%20Tavakoli">Mahsa Tavakoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seyed%20Mohammad%20Hojjati"> Seyed Mohammad Hojjati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yahya%20Kooch"> Yahya Kooch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Considering that coal mining is one of the important industrial activities, it may cause damages to environment. According to the author’s best knowledge, the effect of traditional coal mining activities on plant biodiversity has not been investigated in the Hyrcanian forests. Therefore, in this study, the effect of coal mining activities on vegetation and tree diversity was investigated in Hyrcanian forest, North Iran. After filed visiting and determining the mine, 16 plots (20×20 m<sup>2</sup>) were established by systematic-randomly (60×60 m<sup>2</sup>) in an area of 4 ha (200×200 m<sup>2</sup>-mine entrance placed at center). An area adjacent to the mine was not affected by the mining activity, and it is considered as the control area. In each plot, the data about trees such as number and type of species were recorded. The biodiversity of vegetation cover was considered 5 square sub-plots (1 m<sup>2</sup>) in each plot. PAST software and Ecological Methodology were used to calculate Biodiversity indices. The value of Shannon Wiener and Simpson diversity indices for tree cover in control area (1.04<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.34 and 0.62<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.20) was significantly higher than mining area (0.78<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.27 and 0.45<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.14). The value of evenness indices for tree cover in the mining area was significantly lower than that of the control area. The value of Shannon Wiener and Simpson diversity indices for vegetation cover in the control area (1.37<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.06 and 0.69<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.02) was significantly higher than the mining area (1.02<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.13 and 0.50<span dir="RTL">±</span>0.07). The value of evenness index in the control area was significantly higher than the mining area. Plant communities are a good indicator of the changes in the site. Study about changes in vegetation biodiversity and plant dynamics in the degraded land can provide necessary information for forest management and reforestation of these areas.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vegetation%20biodiversity" title="Vegetation biodiversity">Vegetation biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=species%20composition" title=" species composition"> species composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=traditional%20coal%20mining" title=" traditional coal mining"> traditional coal mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=caspian%20forest." title=" caspian forest."> caspian forest.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/reduction-of-plants-biodiversity-in-hyrcanian-forest-by-coal-mining-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">897</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Lead and Cadmium Spatial Pattern and Risk Assessment around Coal Mine in Hyrcanian Forest, North Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahsa%20Tavakoli">Mahsa Tavakoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seyed%20Mohammad%20Hojjati"> Seyed Mohammad Hojjati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yahya%20Kooch"> Yahya Kooch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, the effect of coal mining activities on lead and cadmium concentrations and distribution in soil was investigated in Hyrcanian forest, North Iran. 16 plots (20×20 m<sup>2</sup>) were established by systematic-randomly (60×60 m<sup>2</sup>) in an area of 4 ha (200×200 m<sup>2</sup>-mine entrance placed at center). An area adjacent to the mine was not affected by the mining activity; considered as the controlled area. In order to investigate soil lead and cadmium concentration, one sample was taken from the 0-10 cm in each plot. To study the spatial pattern of soil properties and lead and cadmium concentrations in the mining area, an area of 80×80m<sup>2</sup> (the mine as the center) was considered and 80 soil samples were systematic-randomly taken (10 m intervals). Geostatistical analysis was performed via Kriging method and GS<sup>+ </sup>software (version 5.1). In order to estimate the impact of coal mining activities on soil quality, pollution index was measured. Lead and cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in mine area (Pb: 10.97<strong><span dir="RTL">±</span></strong>0.30, Cd: 184.47<strong><span dir="RTL">±</span></strong>6.26 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup>) in comparison to control area (Pb: 9.42<strong><span dir="RTL">±</span></strong>0.17, Cd: 131.71<strong><span dir="RTL">±</span></strong>15.77 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup>). The mean values of the PI index indicate that Pb (1.16) and Cd (1.77) presented slightly polluted. Results of the NIPI index showed that Pb (1.44) and Cd (2.52) presented slight pollution and moderate pollution respectively. Results of variography and kriging method showed that it is possible to prepare interpolation maps of lead and cadmium around the mining areas in Hyrcanian forest. According to results of pollution and risk assessments, forest soil was contaminated by heavy metals (lead and cadmium); therefore, using reclamation and remediation techniques in these areas is necessary.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Traditional%20coal%20mining" title="Traditional coal mining">Traditional coal mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pollution%20indicators" title=" pollution indicators"> pollution indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=geostatistics" title=" geostatistics"> geostatistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=caspian%20forest." title=" caspian forest."> caspian forest.</a> </p> <a 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