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href="#Establishment_of_the_Septinsular_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Establishment of the Septinsular Republic </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Establishment_of_the_Septinsular_Republic-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Establishment of the Septinsular Republic subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_the_Septinsular_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Restoration_of_the_nobility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration_of_the_nobility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Restoration of the nobility </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration_of_the_nobility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treaty_of_Constantinople" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_of_Constantinople"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Treaty of Constantinople </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_of_Constantinople-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption_of_the_'Byzantine_Constitution'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption_of_the_'Byzantine_Constitution'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Adoption of the 'Byzantine Constitution' </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption_of_the_'Byzantine_Constitution'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_turmoil_and_secessionist_movements,_1800–1801" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_turmoil_and_secessionist_movements,_1800–1801"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Political turmoil and secessionist movements, 1800–1801 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_turmoil_and_secessionist_movements,_1800–1801-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political turmoil and secessionist movements, 1800–1801 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_turmoil_and_secessionist_movements,_1800–1801-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rebellions_in_Cephalonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebellions_in_Cephalonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Rebellions in Cephalonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellions_in_Cephalonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secessionist_movements_in_Zakynthos_and_Ithaca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secessionist_movements_in_Zakynthos_and_Ithaca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Secessionist movements in Zakynthos and Ithaca </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secessionist_movements_in_Zakynthos_and_Ithaca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Departure_of_the_Russo–Ottoman_troops_and_the_"Honourable_Deputation"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Departure_of_the_Russo–Ottoman_troops_and_the_"Honourable_Deputation""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Departure of the Russo–Ottoman troops and the "Honourable Deputation" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Departure_of_the_Russo–Ottoman_troops_and_the_"Honourable_Deputation"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_intervention_and_the_oligarchic_constitution_of_1803" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_intervention_and_the_oligarchic_constitution_of_1803"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Foreign intervention and the oligarchic constitution of 1803 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_intervention_and_the_oligarchic_constitution_of_1803-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Foreign intervention and the oligarchic constitution of 1803 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_intervention_and_the_oligarchic_constitution_of_1803-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrival_and_reforms_of_Giorgio_Mocenigo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrival_and_reforms_of_Giorgio_Mocenigo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Arrival and reforms of Giorgio Mocenigo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrival_and_reforms_of_Giorgio_Mocenigo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitution_of_1803" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitution_of_1803"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Constitution of 1803 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitution_of_1803-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Ali_Pasha,_the_Souliots,_and_the_creation_of_the_Greek_Legion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Ali_Pasha,_the_Souliots,_and_the_creation_of_the_Greek_Legion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Relations with Ali Pasha, the Souliots, and the creation of the Greek Legion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Ali_Pasha,_the_Souliots,_and_the_creation_of_the_Greek_Legion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Russian"_Constitution_of_1806" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Russian"_Constitution_of_1806"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 "Russian" Constitution of 1806 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Russian"_Constitution_of_1806-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russo-Turkish_War_and_the_end_of_the_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russo-Turkish_War_and_the_end_of_the_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Russo-Turkish War and the end of the Republic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russo-Turkish_War_and_the_end_of_the_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath:_Second_French_rule_and_British_conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath:_Second_French_rule_and_British_conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Aftermath: Second French rule and British conquest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath:_Second_French_rule_and_British_conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Septinsular Republic</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" > 30 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="جمهورية الجزر السبع الموحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية الجزر السبع الموحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_les_Islles_X%C3%B3niques" title="República de les Islles Xóniques – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República de les Islles Xóniques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Република на седемте острова – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Република на седемте острова" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_ar_Seizh-Enez" title="Republik ar Seizh-Enez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik ar Seizh-Enez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_sedmi_ostrov%C5%AF" title="Republika sedmi ostrovů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Republika sedmi ostrovů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_der_Ionischen_Inseln" title="Republik der Ionischen Inseln – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Republik der Ionischen Inseln" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seitsme_Saare_Vabariik" title="Seitsme Saare Vabariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seitsme Saare Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Επτάνησος Πολιτεία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επτάνησος Πολιτεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_las_Islas_J%C3%B3nicas" title="República de las Islas Jónicas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República de las Islas Jónicas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87" title="جمهوری جزایر سبعه مجتمعه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری جزایر سبعه مجتمعه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_des_Sept-%C3%8Eles" title="République des Sept-Îles – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République des Sept-Îles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_das_sete_illas" title="República das sete illas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República das sete illas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%94%84%ED%83%80%EB%8B%88%EC%86%8C%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="에프타니소스 공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에프타니소스 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Tujuh_Pulau" title="Republik Tujuh Pulau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Tujuh Pulau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_delle_Sette_Isole_Unite" title="Repubblica delle Sette Isole Unite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica delle Sette Isole Unite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="רפובליקת שבעת האיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רפובליקת שבעת האיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica_Septinsularis" title="Res publica Septinsularis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica Septinsularis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Tujuh_Pulau" title="Republik Tujuh Pulau – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Tujuh Pulau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_van_de_Zeven_Eilanden" title="Republiek van de Zeven Eilanden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Republiek van de Zeven Eilanden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E4%B8%83%E5%B3%B6%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="イオニア七島連邦国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イオニア七島連邦国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_sju_%C3%B8yers_republikk" title="De sju øyers republikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De sju øyers republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Siedmiu_Wysp" title="Republika Siedmiu Wysp – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republika Siedmiu Wysp" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Septinsular" title="República Septinsular – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Septinsular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Республика Семи Соединённых Островов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Республика Семи Соединённых Островов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Република Седам Острва – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Република Седам Острва" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seitsem%C3%A4n_saaren_tasavalta" title="Seitsemän saaren tasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Seitsemän saaren tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septinsularrepubliken" title="Septinsularrepubliken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Septinsularrepubliken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yedi_Ada_Cumhuriyeti" title="Yedi Ada Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yedi Ada Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Республіка Семи Островів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Республіка Семи Островів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%81%E4%BF%AE%E6%8B%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="塞普丁修拉共和国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塞普丁修拉共和国" 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Septinsular_Republic&params=38_30_N_20_30_E_region:GR_type:isle">38°30′N 20°30′E / 38.500°N 20.500°E / 38.500; 20.500</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ottoman and Russian protectorate in the southwest Balkans from 1800-07</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country 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.ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of the Seven United Islands</div><div class="ib-country-names">Πολιτεία τῶν Ἑπτὰ Ἑνωμένων Νήσων (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Politeía tón Eptá Enoménon Níson Repubblica delle Sette Isole Unite (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>) Республика Семи Соединённых Островов (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">Respublika Semi Soyedinonnykh Ostrovov</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1800–1807</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Septinsular_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Septinsular Republic"><img alt="Flag of Septinsular Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_the_Septinsular_Republic.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Septinsular_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_the_Septinsular_Republic.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Septinsular_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_the_Septinsular_Republic.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Septinsular_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="240" /></a></div> <div>Flag</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Septinsular_republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Septinsular Republic"><img alt="Emblem of Septinsular Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Emblem_of_Septinsular_republic.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Septinsular_republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Emblem_of_Septinsular_republic.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Septinsular_republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Emblem_of_Septinsular_republic.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Septinsular_republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></div> <div>Emblem</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:SeptinsularRepublic1801.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Republic's territory extended to the seven main islands plus the smaller islets of the Ionian Sea"><img alt="The Republic's territory extended to the seven main islands plus the smaller islets of the Ionian Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/SeptinsularRepublic1801.jpg/250px-SeptinsularRepublic1801.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/SeptinsularRepublic1801.jpg/375px-SeptinsularRepublic1801.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/SeptinsularRepublic1801.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="424" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The Republic's territory extended to the seven main islands plus the smaller islets of the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Protectorate of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> Empires1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Corfu_(city)" title="Corfu (city)">Corfu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Oligarchic" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligarchic">oligarchic</a> <a href="/wiki/Assembly-independent" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly-independent">assembly-independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Ionian_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Ionian Senate (page does not exist)">Prince</a>2</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1800–1803 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a> <a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Georgios_Theotokis" title="Spyridon Georgios Theotokis">Spyridon Georgios Theotokis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1803–1807 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a> Antonios Komoutos</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern">Early modern</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Russo-Ottoman occupation </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1799</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1800)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1800)">Established</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 April [O.S. 21 March] 1800</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1st constitution </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 1800</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 2nd constitution </div></th><td class="infobox-data">23 November 1803</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 3rd constitution </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 December 1806 (not implemented)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tilsit" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Tilsit">Ceded to France</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">20 August 1807</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1815)" title="Treaty of Paris (1815)">British Protectorate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 November 1815</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Septinsular_gazeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Septinsular gazeta">Septinsular gazeta</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> Preceded by</td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;">Succeeded by </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1797%E2%80%931799)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)">First period of French rule in the Ionian Islands</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1807%E2%80%931814)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1807–1814)">Second period of French rule in the Ionian Islands</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"> <ol><li>Formally under <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a>; under the de facto protection of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.</li> <li>According to the 1803 Constitution, the President of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionian_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionian Senate (page does not exist)">Ionian Senate</a> receives the title of the Prince (Principo, Πρίγκηψ) and is <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>.</li></ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> The Septinsular Republic (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Ἑπτάνησος Πολιτεία, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: Heptanēsos Politeia; <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>: Repubłega Setensułare; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Repubblica Settinsulare) was an <a href="/wiki/Oligarchic" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligarchic">oligarchic</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> that existed from 1800 to 1807 under nominal <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> sovereignty in the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paxoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxoi">Paxoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lefkada" title="Lefkada">Lefkada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cephalonia" title="Cephalonia">Cephalonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ithaca_(island)" title="Ithaca (island)">Ithaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zakynthos" title="Zakynthos">Zakynthos</a> (Zante in English), and <a href="/wiki/Kythira" title="Kythira">Kythira</a>). The Republic was established after a joint Russo-Ottoman fleet captured the islands and ended a <a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1797%E2%80%931799)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)">two-year rule</a> by the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">French Republic</a>. Although the islanders had hoped for complete independence, the new state was granted only <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a>, becoming tributary to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Porte" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Porte">Ottoman Porte</a>, and de facto under Russian domination. Nevertheless, it was the first time <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> had been granted self-government since the fall of the last remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> to the Ottomans in the mid-15th century. In 1807, the republic was ceded to Napoleon's <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a>, but the islands kept their institutions of government. The <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> gradually took control of the islands from 1809 on, and following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1815)" title="Treaty of Paris (1815)">Treaty of Paris</a>, the islands were formally organised into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">United States of the Ionian Islands</a> under British protection. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background:_French_rule_and_Russian_conquest_of_the_Ionian_Islands">Background: French rule and Russian conquest of the Ionian Islands</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background: French rule and Russian conquest of the Ionian Islands">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">Fall of the Republic of Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1797%E2%80%931799)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)">French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corfu_(1798%E2%80%9399)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Corfu (1798–99)">Siege of Corfu (1798–99)</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paxoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxoi">Paxoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zakynthos" title="Zakynthos">Zakynthos</a>/Zante, <a href="/wiki/Kefalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kefalonia">Kefalonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lefkada" title="Lefkada">Lefkada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ithaca_(island)" title="Ithaca (island)">Ithaca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kythira" title="Kythira">Kythira</a>/Cerigo) along with a handful of exclaves on the <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirote mainland</a>, namely the coastal towns of <a href="/wiki/Parga" title="Parga">Parga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preveza" title="Preveza">Preveza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vonitsa" title="Vonitsa">Vonitsa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Butrinto" class="mw-redirect" title="Butrinto">Butrinto</a>, had been <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Ionian_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Ionian Islands">Venetian possessions</a> for centuries, thereby becoming the only part of the Greek world to escape conquest by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975382-1">[1]</a> developing a distinct local culture, and becoming a place of "dynamic interaction between the West and [...] the Greek East",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeontsinis2014214–215-2">[2]</a> indeed serving as "Greek culture's window on the West",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge201411-3">[3]</a> through which Western European ideas and culture were transmitted to the Greek world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge201415-4">[4]</a> Under Venetian rule, the population of the islands was divided into three classes: the privileged nobility, the urban middle class (cittadini) and the commoners (popolari). The nobility were mostly landowners, and derided mercantile activity, which was left to the urban burghers; as a result, the latter also came to amass wealth and land, and aspired to join the ruling class. In this contest, the rural peasantry was generally politically marginalized.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20143-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003153-6">[6]</a> This medieval social order was upset after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">Fall of the Republic of Venice</a> in 1797, when the islands came under French control. Shortly after, in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a>, the islands were annexed to the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">French Republic</a> and organized into three <a href="/wiki/French_departments" class="mw-redirect" title="French departments">departments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975383,_385–387-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20144-8">[8]</a> The Republican French were welcomed by the populace, and the radical ideas of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> were implemented with the abolition of the local nobility, the equality of the social and religious communities (Orthodox, Catholic, and Jewish) and the installation of democratic regimes and local self-government on the islands. The French also created the islands' first public education system, and introduced the first printing press in what is now Greece.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975383–385-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20144-8">[8]</a> Inevitably, the French presence was resented by the local aristocracy, now deprived of its privileges, while the heavy taxation and anti-clericalism of the French soon made them unpopular with broad sections of the common populace as well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975385,_387-10">[10]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="French invasion of Egypt">French invasion of Egypt</a> furthermore, the French presence in the Ionian Islands aroused the opposition of the Ottomans and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, allied with the British, as part of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a>. No less than the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_V_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory V of Constantinople">Gregory V</a>, issued a proclamation to the Islanders denouncing the "ungodly" French, calling upon them to rise in revolt, and promising, on behalf of the Ottoman Porte, to allow the Islands to choose their own form of government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20144-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975389-11">[11]</a> In autumn 1798, a joint Russo-Ottoman fleet evicted the French from the other islands and finally <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corfu_(1798%E2%80%9399)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Corfu (1798–99)">captured Corfu</a> on 4 March [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 20 February] 1799, while the autonomous Ottoman strongman <a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Yanina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Pasha of Yanina">Ali Pasha of Yanina</a> took the opportunity to seize Butrinto, Preveza, and Vonitsa from the French.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975390–392-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Establishment_of_the_Septinsular_Republic">Establishment of the Septinsular Republic</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment of the Septinsular Republic">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration_of_the_nobility">Restoration of the nobility</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Restoration of the nobility">edit</a>]</div> In all the islands they occupied, the Russians at first installed provisional administrations of nobles and burghers alike. On 22 March, however, the Russian authorities invited assemblies of the nobles to undertake the governance of the Ionian Islands, thereby restoring the previous status quo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165-14">[14]</a> On the next day, the Great Council of Corfu was reconstituted; its very first action was a vote of thanks to the Allied rulers, the Ottoman Sultan, the Russian Emperor, and the British King.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165-14">[14]</a> In Zakynthos, however, the local noble council preferred to direct its thanks exclusively to the British, an expression of the strong pro-British tendency on the island, due to the close commercial links centred on the <a href="/wiki/Zante_currant" title="Zante currant">currant</a> trade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165-14">[14]</a> On 6 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 24 April] 1800, the commanders of the two fleets announced that the Ionian Islands would comprise a single state, governed by a <a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">Senate</a> (Γερουσία) in Corfu city, composed of three representatives each from Corfu, Cephalonia, and Zakynthos, two from Lefkada, and one each from Ithaca, Kythira, and <a href="/wiki/Paxoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxoi">Paxoi</a>. The Venetian nobleman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Orio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angelo Orio (page does not exist)">Angelo Orio</a>, the last Venetian <a href="/wiki/Provveditore" title="Provveditore">provveditore</a> of Argostoli, was appointed head of the Senate, and entrusted with the creation of a constitution for the new state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392-13">[13]</a> Orio's draft constitution comprised 28 articles and one addendum, and envisaged a thoroughly aristocratic regime, with each island headed by a Great Council composed of the nobles and the upper bourgeoisie. The Great Councils would elect the senators. Each island would retain a local administrative council of six members and a treasury, but a central treasury would exist in Corfu. The Senate was the ultimate executive authority, and its president the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. A Small Council of 40 would be elected by the Great Councils of the three largest islands, and would be responsible for justice, the selection of officials, and advising on legislation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973613-15">[15]</a> Each island's council would have to ratify the laws passed by the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165-14">[14]</a> In addition, the use of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a> was sanctioned for the first time in the courts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392-13">[13]</a> Ushakov also restored the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Corfu,_Paxoi_and_the_Diapontian_Islands" title="Metropolis of Corfu, Paxoi and the Diapontian Islands">Orthodox Archbishopric of Corfu</a>, which had been abolished in the 13th century by the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Angevin</a> rulers of Corfu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20145-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaty_of_Constantinople">Treaty of Constantinople</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Treaty of Constantinople">edit</a>]</div> On 21 June 1799, the Senate sent a twelve-member delegation to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Constantinople</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, drawn from the upper classes of each island, to express its gratitude to the Sultan and Tsar and secure recognition of the new state's independence. The delegates were also tasked with producing a draft constitution and submitting it for ratification, as well as press for the restoration of the Islands' maritime and land frontier with the withdrawal of Ali Pasha from Butrinto, Preveza, and Vonitsa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165,_168-17">[17]</a> The delegation included Orio, nominated as ambassador to St. Petersburg, and the presidency of the Senate passed to <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a> <a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Georgios_Theotokis" title="Spyridon Georgios Theotokis">Spyridon Georgios Theotokis</a> of the distinguished <a href="/wiki/Theotokis" class="mw-redirect" title="Theotokis">Theotokis</a> family, who had previously headed the Provisional Municipality under French rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003168-18">[18]</a> Once in Constantinople, however, the delegation quickly realized that the Porte was not interested in recognizing the Islands' independence, but rather in creating a vassal state under Ottoman suzerainty. Two of the delegates, the Corfiot Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Maria_Capo_d%27Istria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Maria Capo d'Istria (page does not exist)">Antonio Maria Capo d'Istria</a> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Αντώνιος Μαρία Καποδίστριας">el</a>] and the Zakynthian Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaos_Gradenigos_Sigouros_Desyllas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaos Gradenigos Sigouros Desyllas (page does not exist)">Nikolaos Gradenigos Sigouros Desyllas</a>, remained in Constantinople to conduct negotiations with the Porte, while Orio and another delegate, Kladas, were to represent the Ionian cause in Saint Petersburg.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392–393-19">[19]</a> In the negotiations that followed, the Constantinople delegates were pitted against the Saint Petersburg ones in a correspondence war over the nature of the new polity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003168-18">[18]</a> On 6 April [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 21 March] 1800, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1800)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1800)">Treaty of Constantinople</a> was concluded between Russia and the Ottomans, joined later by the British, creating the Republic of the Seven United Islands (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Repubblica delle Sette Isole Unite; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Πολιτεία τῶν Ἑπτὰ Ἑνωμένων Νήσων), the first autonomous Greek state since the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the Byzantine Empire">Fall of the Byzantine Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20145-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393-20">[20]</a> According to the provisions of the treaty, the Ionian Islands would be a single federal state, with the individual islands preserving a degree of autonomy. It would follow the long-established model of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a>, being an aristocratic republic led by the "primates and notables", and under Ottoman suzerainty, as token of which they would pay an annual tribute of 75,000 <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_piastre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish piastre">piastres</a> to the Sultan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003169-21">[21]</a> This was a victory for the Sultan, and a disappointment for the Islanders, who had been promised the right to choose their own form of governance in the proclamations of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_V_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory V of Constantinople">Gregory V</a>, and the head of the Russian fleet, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Ushakov" title="Fyodor Ushakov">Fyodor Ushakov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394-22">[22]</a> The new state's constitution, once agreed, would be approved by the signatory powers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393-20">[20]</a> As the new state lacked military forces, Russian and Ottoman forces would remain to garrison its forts and guarantee its security until the end of the war against France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393-20">[20]</a> The mainland exclaves of Parga, Vonitsa, Preveza, and Butrinto, on the other hand, would remain under Ottoman control but would enjoy a special status similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Danubian Principalities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393–394-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption_of_the_'Byzantine_Constitution'">Adoption of the 'Byzantine Constitution'</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Adoption of the 'Byzantine Constitution'">edit</a>]</div> At the same time, without consulting their colleagues in Saint Petersburg or the provisional government in the Islands,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003169-21">[21]</a> Capo d'Istria and Sigouros Desyllas also composed a new constitution, and designed the new flag of the state. The so-called 'Byzantine Constitution' (constituzione bizantina), thus named most probably because it was composed in Constantinople (ancient <a href="/wiki/Byzantion" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantion">Byzantion</a>), comprised 37 articles. It envisaged an aristocratic federal republic, with a local administration on every island, headed by three <a href="/wiki/Syndic" title="Syndic">syndics</a>, to be chosen annually from the Great Council of the nobles of each island. The syndics elected a dean (πρύτανις) as head of administration for four-month tenures. The Senate in Corfu remained the highest authority of the federal state, composed of the representatives of the islands. Its president, the <a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">archon</a>, was the head of state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003166-24">[24]</a> The constitution was printed in Greek, with heavy use of Italian loanwords for administrative terms, by the patriarchal press in Constantinople.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGekas201624–25-25">[25]</a> The new constitution was strongly reactionary, reversing the gains of the bourgeoisie in particular, in favour of the old noble families; even the titles of nobility granted in 1799, after the French left, and which were mostly given to the wealthy burghers, were rescinded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003166-24">[24]</a> In keeping with the reactionary ideas embodied in the constitution was also the new flag, sporting the Venetian <a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Saint_Mark" title="Lion of Saint Mark">Lion of Saint Mark</a> holding a bundle of seven arrows, symbolizing the islands, and a Bible; suggestions with more revolutionary overtones, such as the rising <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">phoenix</a>, were rejected.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394-22">[22]</a> On 1 November 1800, the new constitution and flag were formally sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> and blessed by the Patriarch in Constantinople.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394-22">[22]</a> The Ionian envoys to St. Petersburg, Orio and Kladas, protested to the Tsar about the events in Constantinople, but in vain;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394-22">[22]</a> Theotokis, who now was recognized as head of state with the title of <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">prince</a>, even dismissed Orio from his position.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003169-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_turmoil_and_secessionist_movements,_1800–1801">Political turmoil and secessionist movements, 1800–1801</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political turmoil and secessionist movements, 1800–1801">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Lawrence,_John_Count_Capo_D%27Istria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Thomas_Lawrence%2C_John_Count_Capo_D%27Istria.jpg/220px-Thomas_Lawrence%2C_John_Count_Capo_D%27Istria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Thomas_Lawrence%2C_John_Count_Capo_D%27Istria.jpg/330px-Thomas_Lawrence%2C_John_Count_Capo_D%27Istria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Thomas_Lawrence%2C_John_Count_Capo_D%27Istria.jpg/440px-Thomas_Lawrence%2C_John_Count_Capo_D%27Istria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Ioannis Kapodistrias</a> in 1818</figcaption></figure> On 26 December 1800, the two envoys to Constantinople arrived in Corfu as 'Imperial Commissioners', i.e., the Sultan's representatives in the islands, with the task of overseeing the implementation of the 'Byzantine Constitution'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003169-21">[21]</a> On 13 January [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 1 January] 1801, the flag of the Septinsular Republic was formally raised at Corfu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a> The mission of the Imperial Commissioners—Antonio Maria Capo d'Istria was soon replaced by his son, <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Ioannis Kapodistrias</a>, the future first governor of Greece—quickly proved problematic: the reactionary nature of the new constitution, which limited political power to the nobility, immediately made it controversial, as the common people had grown used to the greater civic rights and liberties enjoyed during the French Republican rule. To this were added local grievances and power struggles, which resulted in secessionist tendencies in some islands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394–395-27">[27]</a> Already during the latter part of 1799, political tensions had led to the start of infighting, both among the nobility, as well as between the nobility and the other classes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003168-18">[18]</a> While at Corfu, under the direct supervision of Ushakov, the elections of the new provisional authorities and their installation were orderly and peaceful, that was not the case in the other islands. Class and personal rivalries dominated the process there, and the arbitrary interventions of Ushakov's representative, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Tiesenhausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Tiesenhausen (page does not exist)">Nikolai Tiesenhausen</a>. In Zakynthos, for example, a plot was hatched to murder the nobles on 12 September 1799, the day the island's Great Council was to convene and elect the new government. While the plot was not carried out, its instigator, Antonio Martinengo, managed to bribe Tiesenhausen and secure an amnesty, whereas his co-conspirator Tsintos was shot.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393-20">[20]</a> Due to the restiveness of the rural population, on 18 January 1800, the first repressive measures against the lower classes were announced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003168-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebellions_in_Cephalonia">Rebellions in Cephalonia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rebellions in Cephalonia">edit</a>]</div> The mounting political passions came first to a head in Cephalonia, where the existence of a large middle class increased dissatisfaction with the reactionary local government. To this was joined the rivalry between the island's capital, <a href="/wiki/Argostoli" title="Argostoli">Argostoli</a>, and the town of <a href="/wiki/Lixouri" title="Lixouri">Lixouri</a>, and between the noble families of Metaxas and Anninos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003170-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973614-29">[29]</a> On 24 August 1800 an armed mob of civilians and rebel soldiers seized the government house in Argostoli, as well as ransacking and destroying the houses and villas of the administration members. A new government was formed on 9 September, but only after Count Konstantinos Chorafas was given plenipotentiary powers and a force of Russian troops, the unrest was suppressed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394–395-27">[27]</a> This peace did not last long, and a revolt under the nobleman Efstathios Metaxas broke out in May 1801. In response, the Imperial Commissioners came to the island to mediate in the conflict and established a 22-member Committee of Public Safety, with themselves and Colonel Nikolaos Pierris as chairmen. In the end Metaxas' revolt was subdued by a compromise reached by Ioannis Kapodistrias: the previous government of the island resigned on 20 May, and the Commissioners along with the Committee of Public Safety took over the island's governance, with the aim of pacifying the island and disarming the inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a> Local passions hindered their work, however: in late May, the delegation of Lixouri withdrew from the committee and the Lixouriotes made threatening moves against Argostoli, forcing the Imperial Commissioners to visit Lixouri in person to calm matters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a> At the same time, the brothers Andreas and Kaisar Metaxas refused to acknowledge the Committee of Public Safety and rose in revolt, which was only suppressed after heavy combats on 15 June: Andreas surrendered, but Kaisar fled to Corfu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a> In the meantime, Lixouri had voted for secession from the Argostoli-based government, and sent envoys to Corfu demanding a separate administration for the town; at the same time, the dissatisfied peasants of Anogi also rebelled and began attacking Lixouri, until troops sent by the Committee of Public Safety clashed with them and drove them back.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a> In order to restore order, the Imperial Commissioners convened the island's Great Council on 20 July, which according to the constitution elected the three syndics, the three senators-representatives and the other public officials. In all cases, the offices were equally apportioned among representatives of the island's three towns, Argostoli, Lixouri, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._George%27s_Castle,_Cephalonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George's Castle, Cephalonia (page does not exist)">St. George's Castle</a>. After this was done, on 27 July the Imperial Commissioners felt able to proclaim the successful establishment of lawful government on the island.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a> This proved premature, for in August, the peasantry around Lixouri rebelled, seized the town, and expelled the government garrison. Kapodistrias and Andreas Panas tried to mediate a settlement, but the rebels, backed by the local Austrian vice-consul, refused.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secessionist_movements_in_Zakynthos_and_Ithaca">Secessionist movements in Zakynthos and Ithaca</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Secessionist movements in Zakynthos and Ithaca">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Septinsular_Republic,_1_Gazeta,_1801.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Septinsular_Republic%2C_1_Gazeta%2C_1801.tif/lossy-page1-240px-Septinsular_Republic%2C_1_Gazeta%2C_1801.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Septinsular_Republic%2C_1_Gazeta%2C_1801.tif/lossy-page1-360px-Septinsular_Republic%2C_1_Gazeta%2C_1801.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Septinsular_Republic%2C_1_Gazeta%2C_1801.tif/lossy-page1-480px-Septinsular_Republic%2C_1_Gazeta%2C_1801.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1263" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ionian_gazeta" title="Ionian gazeta">One-gazeta coin</a> of the Septinsular Republic</figcaption></figure> Similar unrest also broke out in Kythira, where rioting peasants attacked the nobles and burghers before troops restored order,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003170-28">[28]</a> and in Lefkada.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a> On Zakynthos, the turmoil continued, with constant clashes between rival groups and coalitions. While the central government planned a coup, another, pro-British coup broke out first.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171-30">[30]</a> On 20 February 1801, Zakynthos seceded from the Republic, raising the British flag instead, apparently with the support of a supposed British colonel, a certain James Kallender, who happened to be on the island and became its military governor. The initiative was quickly denounced by the British ambassador to the Porte, the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bruce,_7th_Earl_of_Elgin" title="Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin">Earl of Elgin</a>, but constitutional order was not restored until five Ottoman vessels and a British warship arrived before the island on 12 September 1801.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">[26]</a> A similar secessionist movement also briefly took hold of Ithaca, where the local government entertained contacts with Zakynthos. When the Imperial Commissioners arrived on 18 August on the island with the intention of installing a constitutionally-based administration, the local government resigned. Pro-British sentiments were limited to the capital of Vathy, however, while the rural population supported the Commissioners' efforts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395–396-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departure_of_the_Russo–Ottoman_troops_and_the_"Honourable_Deputation"">Departure of the Russo–Ottoman troops and the "Honourable Deputation"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Departure of the Russo–Ottoman troops and the "Honourable Deputation"">edit</a>]</div> Even Corfu was not spared unrest: on 8 June [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 27 May] 1801, bloody riots broke out due to the arrogant behaviour of armed Ottoman soldiers in the city. With its own troops unable to contain the situation—most of the available forces had been shipped to Cephalonia—the Senate handed over authority to the Russians, under Lt. Colonel Karl Hastfert, so as to prevent a general massacre and restore order.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003170-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">[32]</a> The Russian intervention calmed the situation, but the Senate requested that the Ottomans remove their troops from the island.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">[32]</a> Conversely, when the Russians announced their intention of removing their own troops, the Senate president Theotokis implored the Russian to remain and ensure the islands' domestic tranquility and external security. Nevertheless, on 25 August 1801, the occupying powers officially handed over control of the fortresses and departed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">[32]</a> This act seriously undermined the stability of the government, whose repressive measures only alienated the burghers and peasantry further.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">[32]</a> By this time, the city of Corfu was virtually under siege by the rural population, which ransacked the nobility's country estates. While the Senate became increasingly powerless, power increasingly shifted to a group of burghers (Spyridon Delviniotis, Karolos Manesis, and Alexandros Avgoustos Kogevinas) who maintained contacts with the peasantry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171-30">[30]</a> To counter the restiveness of the populace, and the increasing demands for civic rights, the Senate gave Theotokis dictatorial powers. Theotokis formed an 'Extraordinary Committee of Public Safety' (Commissione Estraordinaria di Pubblica Sicurezza) composed of Dimitrios Armenos, Stamos Chalikiopoulos, and Ioannis Kapadokas, but the rebellious lower classes refused to accept its authority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">[32]</a> Instead the burghers and peasants elected their own delegates, resulting in the formation of a body of 64 men, the 'Honourable Deputation of the City, Boroughs, and Villages of Corfu' (Onoranda Deputazione della città, borghi e ville di Corfù), which declared the 1800 constitution as void, and began drafting a new, more democratic constitution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">[32]</a> The constitution proposed by the 'Honourable Deputation' vested sovereign power in Corfu in a 240-member council of 'Best Ones', elected for life in general, albeit indirect, suffrage. 100 members would come from the city, with 40 noblemen, 40 burghers, 14 merchants, and 6 artisans; the rest of the members would come from the countryside.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">[32]</a> Executive power was vested in a committee of four procuratori, who were elected from among the 'Best Ones' and chaired its proceedings. The council decided on all matters, and also elected the three representatives of the island to the Ionian Senate, which was intended to retain its original functions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">[32]</a> The definition of nobility, and with it suffrage, was broadened to all those who had an income of 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Thaler" title="Thaler">thalers</a>, regardless of residence or profession.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171–172-33">[33]</a> Events proceeded quickly: the draft constitution was sent to the Senate on 21 October 1801, and ten days later, the 'Honourable Deputation' demanded from Theotokis to appoint representatives of the nobility to form a common provisional government for Corfu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171-30">[30]</a> In a highly symbolic display of unity and class reconciliation, on 28 November the 'Honourable Deputation' joined with 14 representatives of the "so-called nobility", as they were termed, to take over power; on the next day, the nobles signed the new constitution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_intervention_and_the_oligarchic_constitution_of_1803">Foreign intervention and the oligarchic constitution of 1803</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Foreign intervention and the oligarchic constitution of 1803">edit</a>]</div> The new regime of Corfu was not welcome to the Allied powers of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a>, nor to the noble-dominated Senate: in early March 1802, on the invitation of Theotokis, a British force landed on Corfu and joined with the troops of the Republic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">[32]</a> The Ottomans also disapproved of events, although they recognized the necessity of reforms to the original constitution. The Porte charged Theotokis, who remained president of the Senate, to restore the previous status quo, until proper deliberations involving the Allied powers, the Imperial Commissioners, and the islanders could take place.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396–397-34">[34]</a> The rural population was on the point of marching on Corfu city, but the warnings of the Ottomans to the 'Honourable Deputation', and the French consul, Romieu, who addressed the peasants, temporarily calmed matters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172-35">[35]</a> With the situation still volatile, the Russians secured the agreement of the other Great Powers to send their own troops to the islands, with the Zakynthian count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Mocenigo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Mocenigo (page does not exist)">Giorgio Mocenigo</a>, a former Russian ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> and briefly the Septinsular Republic's envoy to St. Petersburg, as the Tsar's plenipotentiary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> In the meantime, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> led to the formal recognition of the Republic, as constituted in the Treaty of Constantinople, by France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the <a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrival_and_reforms_of_Giorgio_Mocenigo">Arrival and reforms of Giorgio Mocenigo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Arrival and reforms of Giorgio Mocenigo">edit</a>]</div> Mocenigo arrived at Corfu on 1 September 1802, with five Russian vessels and 1,600 troops.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> In the meantime, the proposals of the 'Honourable Deputation' had been rejected, and only the presence of the British troops kept its supporters out of Corfu city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172-35">[35]</a> In this atmosphere, Mocenigo's arrival was welcomed by both sides: the nobles felt that he would support their authority, while the lower classes hoped that he would liberate them from it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172-35">[35]</a> Indeed, Mocenigo immediately began to reform the institutions of the Republic, by limiting the power of the nobles as well as the autonomy of the individual islands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172-35">[35]</a> Mocenigo established a new provisional government or 'regency' (reggenza) in each island, where executive power was concentrated in the hands of a regent (reggente), who in all cases had to come from a different island, but was assisted by two deputies chosen by him from the island's population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> While Theotokis, who was able to work well with Mocenigo, remained as President of the Senate (and thus titulary head of state), the existing Senate was dissolved on 30 December 1802, and a provisional Senate appointed by Mocenigo, to general dissatisfaction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> The new regime was quick to stamp out any sign of dissent or rebellion, and pro-French sentiment was frowned upon, particularly after the positive reception of a speech by the French general <a href="/wiki/Horace_Fran%C3%A7ois_Bastien_S%C3%A9bastiani_de_La_Porta" title="Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta">Sebastiani</a> at Zakynthos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172-35">[35]</a> On 3 February 1803, the provisional Senate announced the creation of new electoral colleges, the so-called sincliti, replacing the old councils of the nobility. Nevertheless, membership to these was restricted by a series of property, citizenship, religious, and professional qualifications, so that they had a pronounced <a href="/wiki/Oligarchic" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligarchic">oligarchic</a> character.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> These sinliti in turn elected a 40-member legislative body (Corpo Legislativo), with ten members each from Corfu, Cephalonia, and Zakynthos, four from Lefkada, two each from Ithaca and Kythira and one from Paxoi) and a seventeen-member Senate (with four members each from Corfu, Cephalonia, and Zakynthos, two from Lefkada, and one each from the other islands).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> The new Senate appointed Ioannis Kapodistrias as Secretary of State.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitution_of_1803">Constitution of 1803</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Constitution of 1803">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonios_Komoutos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Antonios_Komoutos.jpg/200px-Antonios_Komoutos.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Antonios_Komoutos.jpg/300px-Antonios_Komoutos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Antonios_Komoutos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonios_Komoutos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonios Komoutos (page does not exist)">Antonios Komoutos</a>, President of the Ionian Senate and head of state of the Septinsular Republic in 1803</figcaption></figure> On 26 October, the Constitutional Assembly convened, which on 5 December 1803 passed the new constitution of the Republic. Its 212 articles were a mixture of progressive principles and restrictions on political rights that ensured the oligarchic nature of the state. While the Venetian-era hereditary nobility was abolished, a new civic aristocracy ('constitutional nobility') took its place. Based on property or academic qualifications, it was composed of many former nobles as well as burghers. This new aristocracy formed the electorate for the sincliti, which continued to elect the Senate and the legislative body as before.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003166,_172-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> The Constitution of 1803 introduced the principle of <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a>, and instituted a new body, the censors (censori) who were to safeguard compliance to the Constitution and function as advisors to the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172-35">[35]</a> The Senate remained the main executive body, with three branches for foreign affairs, interior and finance affairs, and military affairs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> Each island retained its own government for the time being, headed by a dean or rector (pritano), while his two deputies were now named regents (eggenti).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> Among the progressive elements of the new constitution were the institution of <a href="/wiki/Jury" title="Jury">juries</a>, personal liberties, the inviolability of a citizen's home, and religious tolerance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> The constitution also contained a clause that made knowledge of the Greek language mandatory for any candidate for public office after 1810, while from 1820 on all public documents were to be exclusively in Greek.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> The new constitution went into force on 27 December, when the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_of_Corfu" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan of Corfu">Metropolitan of Corfu</a> blessed it and the president of the Constitutional Assembly and deputy president of the Senate took their oaths on it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> With Theotokis having died on 24 November, a new president of the Senate and head of state of the Republic was elected: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonios_Komoutos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonios Komoutos (page does not exist)">Antonios Komoutos</a> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Αντώνιος Κομούτος">el</a>] from Zakynthos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003173-38">[38]</a> The following period saw a flurry of legislative and administrative activity: between January and March 1804, laws concerning local administration, shipping, rural communes, and education were passed, the ecclesiastical administration was reformed, and the ministries were established.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003173-38">[38]</a> The Republic now became truly a proper state, and aroused the expectations and hopes of the Greek intelligentsia: <a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugenios_Voulgaris" title="Eugenios Voulgaris">Eugenios Voulgaris</a> dedicated their works to the Republic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003173-38">[38]</a> Nevertheless, due to the machinations of Mocenigo, the Russians never ratified the new constitution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> Furthermore, as the Russian plenipotentiary, Mocenigo was the most influential person in the state, with a decisive voice in all matters,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> and soon began to undermine the constitution by creating extraordinary committees, bypassing the ordinary courts, and establishing a 'Sublime Police', staffed by his own nominees and controlled by him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003173–174-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_Ali_Pasha,_the_Souliots,_and_the_creation_of_the_Greek_Legion">Relations with Ali Pasha, the Souliots, and the creation of the Greek Legion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Relations with Ali Pasha, the Souliots, and the creation of the Greek Legion">edit</a>]</div> Relations between the Republic and its neighbour Ali Pasha were tense and complicated. The Ionian Islands, and especially Lefkada, were a common refuge for <a href="/wiki/Klepht" title="Klepht">klephts</a> and brigands fleeing the Ottoman authorities of the Greek mainland. With the Islands as a secure base, they often launched raids on the Turkish-held shores.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973616,_625-40">[40]</a> In turn, Ali Pasha harassed the Republic's citizens, and imposed heavy tolls on its vessels in the harbours he controlled.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973616-41">[41]</a> During this period, Ali Pasha in a series of campaigns suppressed the rebellious <a href="/wiki/Souliots" class="mw-redirect" title="Souliots">Souliots</a>, who defied his authority. Advised by the turncoat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Botsaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Botsaris (page does not exist)">Georgios Botsaris</a>, Ali pursued a strategy of encircling the area of Souli with forts and besieging it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973620-42">[42]</a> Already in 1800, the Souliots wrote to Theotokis for aid against the designs of Ali Pasha. The latter in turn threatened the inhabitants of Parga, to prevent them from lending any aid to the Souliots.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973621-43">[43]</a> By 1803, the position of the Souliots had grown dire, and they implored the Septinsular Republic for ammunition. A Souliot embassy visited Mocenigo, conveying an appeal to Tsar Alexander. Mocenigo gave them some ammunition, but secretly from the Russians; this and later requests for Russian mediation remained unanswered, even as Ali Pasha, with the Sultan's backing, <a href="/wiki/Souliote_War_(1803)" title="Souliote War (1803)">moved to eradicate</a> the last centres of Souliot resistance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973621–623-44">[44]</a> The Souliots who managed to escape from Ali's forces made for Parga, but they were forced to cross the sea to the Septinsular Republic in March 1804, after Ali Pasha threatened to attack the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006449–450-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973623–624-46">[46]</a> In November 1803, the Republic signed a treaty with Ali Pasha, who was represented by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_of_Nafpaktos" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan of Nafpaktos">Metropolitan of Nafpaktos</a> Ignatios.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398–399-47">[47]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Souliot_in_Corfu_Nikolos_Pervolis,_by_Louis_Dupr%C3%A9_-_1827.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/A_Souliot_in_Corfu_Nikolos_Pervolis%2C_by_Louis_Dupr%C3%A9_-_1827.jpg/220px-A_Souliot_in_Corfu_Nikolos_Pervolis%2C_by_Louis_Dupr%C3%A9_-_1827.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/A_Souliot_in_Corfu_Nikolos_Pervolis%2C_by_Louis_Dupr%C3%A9_-_1827.jpg/330px-A_Souliot_in_Corfu_Nikolos_Pervolis%2C_by_Louis_Dupr%C3%A9_-_1827.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/A_Souliot_in_Corfu_Nikolos_Pervolis%2C_by_Louis_Dupr%C3%A9_-_1827.jpg/440px-A_Souliot_in_Corfu_Nikolos_Pervolis%2C_by_Louis_Dupr%C3%A9_-_1827.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Souliotes" title="Souliotes">Souliote</a> warrior in Corfu, with the <a href="/wiki/New_Fortress" title="New Fortress">New Fortress</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> Approximately 3,000 Souliotes settled in the Ionian Islands, mostly in Corfu and Paxoi, where they were provided with farmland. The warlike Souliotes struggled to fit in their new environment, stealing cattle and firewood from local residents and lamenting the loss of their homeland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKallivretakis2003189-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006450–451-49">[49]</a> Anxious to expand its influence to the Greek mainland, Russia signed alliances with <a href="/wiki/Himara" class="mw-redirect" title="Himara">Himariot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Cham Albanian</a> beys on 27 June 1804. Souliot refugees were mobilized for an offensive, which was cut short when Ali Pasha learned of the Russian plans and an Ottoman naval squadron made an unexpected appearance off Corfu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006451–452-50">[50]</a> As French–Ottoman relations began to warm in 1805, the Russians began raising native military formations for the defence of the Ionian Islands, enrolling Souliots, Himariots, <a href="/wiki/Acarnanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarnanian">Acarnanians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morea" title="Morea">Moreots</a> into the so-called '<a href="/wiki/Greek_Legion_(Septinsular_Republic)" title="Greek Legion (Septinsular Republic)">Greek Legion</a>', which was placed under the command of the Greek-born Major General <a href="/wiki/Emmanouil_Papadopoulos_(Russian_general)" title="Emmanouil Papadopoulos (Russian general)">Emmanouil Papadopoulos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKallivretakis2003189-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006453–454-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973711–712-52">[52]</a> In autumn 1805 the Greek Legion participated in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_invasion_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Russian invasion of Naples">Anglo-Russian invasion of Naples</a>, and in 1806 it fought against the French at the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kotor" title="Bay of Kotor">Bay of Kotor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKallivretakis2003190–191-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973711-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Russian"_Constitution_of_1806">"Russian" Constitution of 1806</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: "Russian" Constitution of 1806">edit</a>]</div> Mocenigo's influence became decisive in the run-up to the revision of the 1803 constitution, scheduled for 1806. On Mocenigo's suggestion, the Senate instituted a 'Decemvirate' (Δεκανδρία) to study the changes to the constitution; in the end, the council's suggestions reflected Mocenigo's designs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> When the sincliti were convened to elect their representatives to the Constitutional Assembly on 13 September 1806, they turned into a sham: Mocenigo sent an envoy to every island with prepared lists of the representatives to be elected.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> Finally, when the Constitutional Assembly convened on 27 October, Mocenigo simply replaced the entire Legislative Council, which was to prepare the lists of the candidates for public office, with his own choices, and appointed Ioannis Kapodistrias as its secretary and rapporteur. Kapodistrias presented the draft constitution to the Constitutional Assembly on 22 December. These moves aroused considerable opposition, but Kapodistrias successfully argued that there was no alternative that would enjoy the consent of St. Petersburg, and the new constitution was approved five days later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003174-55">[55]</a> The new constitution vested sovereignty in the so-called 'active nobility', determined by income and academic titles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">[36]</a> This restriction actually resulted in the exclusion some of the old noble families, that had become impoverished in the meantime.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003166-24">[24]</a> A Legislative Senate of 17 members (four each for Corfu, Cephalonia, and Zakynthos, two for Lefkada, and one each for the minor islands), of whom nine served for three years and eight for four, was given legislative authority, while executive authority was vested in a five-member college, the principato.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397–398-56">[56]</a> The members, known as the 'heads of the republic' (capi della repubblica), came one each from the three major islands of Corfu, Cephalonia, and Zakynthos, while the fourth came either from the three islands or from Lefkada, and the fifth either from Lefkada or from the minor islands. The principato had a rotating presidency, with a tenure of one year; for that year, the president was also the head of state and prince of the Republic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398-57">[57]</a> The principato further appointed the four ministers: for foreign affairs, war and naval affairs, interior affairs, finances and justice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398-57">[57]</a> The local governments of the islands were not changed, but the constitution of 1806 abolished many of the more progressive and liberal clauses of its predecessor. Above all, it effectively abolished the Republic's autonomy by recognizing the right of Russia to intervene in its domestic and foreign affairs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398-57">[57]</a> It is still debated among historians whether the revisions incorporated in the 1806 constitution reflected an initiative of the Russian government, or whether it was driven by a small coterie of men around Mocenigo, aiming to concentrate power in fewer hands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003174–175-58">[58]</a> Nevertheless, the 'Russian Constitution', as it soon became known, strongly reinforced the position of Russia and the pro-Russian elements in the Republic, arousing the suspicions of France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russo-Turkish_War_and_the_end_of_the_Republic">Russo-Turkish War and the end of the Republic</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Russo-Turkish War and the end of the Republic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)</a></div> In the meantime, the shifting alliances in Europe impacted the Republic as well, with Ottoman Turkey drifting away from Russia, and towards France. On 6 January 1807, the Ottoman Porte notified the Republic of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">declaration of war with Russia</a>. As de jure the Republic was an Ottoman vassal, the Porte demanded the Ionian Islands' adherence to the Ottoman camp against Russia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398-57">[57]</a> France followed by recalling its envoy and terminating its diplomatic relations with the Republic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398-57">[57]</a> Under Mocenigo's tutelage, the Ionian Senate on 17 June 1807 declared the end of the Republic's neutrality towards France, effectively bringing the islands into the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a> on the side of Russia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398-57">[57]</a> This situation was exploited by Ali Pasha, whose ambition to occupy the Ionian Islands was well known and had received Napoleon's backing, as the Republic was now in the Russian orbit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399-60">[60]</a> In spring, Ali's forces attacked Lefkada.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399-60">[60]</a> The reinforcement of the island with Russian and Souliot troops, and the failure of Ali's troops to capture the <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Santa_Maura" title="Castle of Santa Maura">Castle of Santa Maura</a>, led to the attack being broken off.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399-60">[60]</a> Nevertheless, on 2 June the Senate resolved the establishment of an 'Ionian Encampment' (Campo Jonio) on Lefkada, comprising the Republic's regular forces as well as all the island militias. At the same time, a fortification programme was begun, and Ioannis Kapodistrias was named Commissioner Extraordinary to oversee it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399-60">[60]</a> The defence of Lefkada soon attracted widespread support, and even klepht captains from the mainland rushed to join it, including <a href="/wiki/Katsantonis" class="mw-redirect" title="Katsantonis">Katsantonis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitsos_Botsaris" title="Kitsos Botsaris">Kitsos Botsaris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitrios_Karaiskos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitrios Karaiskos (page does not exist)">Dimitrios Karaiskos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Varnakiotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Varnakiotis (page does not exist)">Georgios Varnakiotis</a>, and most notably, <a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Kolokotronis" title="Theodoros Kolokotronis">Theodoros Kolokotronis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399-60">[60]</a> It was there that Kapodistrias first came into contact with some of the chief military leaders of the subsequent Greek War of Independence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175-59">[59]</a> Ultimately, the fate of the Septinsular Republic would be decided in the battlefields and chanceries of Europe: in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tilsit" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Tilsit">Treaty of Tilsit</a> in July, the Ionian Islands were ceded once again to Napoleonic France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399-60">[60]</a> On 20 August, French troops landed on Corfu, followed three days later by General <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Berthier" title="César Berthier">César Berthier</a>, who received control of the islands from the Russian admiral <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Senyavin" title="Dmitry Senyavin">Dmitry Senyavin</a>. As the Russians departed, French troops replaced them in all islands, as well as the mainland dependency of <a href="/wiki/Parga" title="Parga">Parga</a>. Finally, on 1 September, contrary to his instructions to preserve the Islands' constitution, Berthier as Governor-General declared the annexation of the Septinsular Republic to France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973714-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath:_Second_French_rule_and_British_conquest">Aftermath: Second French rule and British conquest</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Aftermath: Second French rule and British conquest">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_1807%E2%80%931814" title="Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814">Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_de_Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Donzelot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portrait_de_Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Donzelot.jpg/220px-Portrait_de_Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Donzelot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portrait_de_Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Donzelot.jpg/330px-Portrait_de_Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Donzelot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portrait_de_Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Donzelot.jpg/440px-Portrait_de_Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Donzelot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Donzelot" title="François-Xavier Donzelot">François-Xavier Donzelot</a>, second French Governor-General of the Ionian Islands (1808–1814)</figcaption></figure> Berthier moved swiftly to abolish the Republic's attributes as an independent state: the French flag was hoisted, all public officials and soldiers took an oath of allegiance to Napoleon, the embassies and agencies of the Republic abroad were abolished, and all domestic bodies apart from the courts and the Senate as well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973714-62">[62]</a> These measures annoyed Napoleon, who replaced Berthier as Governor-General with <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Donzelot" title="François-Xavier Donzelot">François-Xavier Donzelot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973714-62">[62]</a> His chief task, according to the instructions sent by Napoleon, was to defend the islands, and above all Corfu, against the mounting British threat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400-61">[61]</a> In November 1807, Napoleon regulated the administration of the <a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1807%E2%80%931814)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1807–1814)">new French possessions</a>: the internal structure of the Republic was retained largely along the lines of the 1803 Constitution,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20145-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400-61">[61]</a> including the Ionian Senate (although its members were now appointed rather than elected), but the administration was overseen by a Governor-General and an Imperial Commissioner, with <a href="/wiki/Julien_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="Julien Bessières">Julien Bessières</a> the first to occupy the latter post.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400-61">[61]</a> The British had reacted to the French takeover of the islands by a naval blockade, which impeded both trade and the supply of the islands. The resulting hardships, and the activities of British agents, inflamed anti-French sentiments, and some Ionian captains petitioned the British commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean, <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_Count_of_Maida" title="John Stuart, Count of Maida">John Stuart</a>, for aid in expelling the French from the islands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400-61">[61]</a> Indeed, in October 1809 a British expeditionary force under Brigadier <a href="/wiki/John_Oswald_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Oswald (British Army officer)">John Oswald</a> arrived at Zakynthos, and issued a proclamation promising to restore the Ionian Islands' liberty and independence. Due to the small size of the French garrisons, the British quickly occupied Zakynthos and Cephalonia (4 October), Ithaca (8 October), and Kythira (12 October), installing provisional administrations according to the existing laws.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400-61">[61]</a> The first major military operation was against Lefkada, in April 1810, where Greek auxiliaries under Theodoros Kolokotronis and the British major <a href="/wiki/Richard_Church_(general)" title="Richard Church (general)">Richard Church</a> played a particularly important role. Despite strong French resistance, the garrison surrendered on 16 April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400-61">[61]</a> On 29 May 1810, on the Paxoi islands a pro-British uprising broke out. The rebels evicted the small French garrison, raised the British flag, and attacked French sympathizers on the islands. However, British troops failed to arrive, and the French in Corfu quickly suppressed the uprising.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400-61">[61]</a> The British established a Governor-General in Zakynthos (General Oswald until 1810, General <a href="/wiki/George_Airey" title="George Airey">George Airey</a> until 1813, and General <a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Campbell,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James Campbell, 1st Baronet">Sir James Campbell</a> after). Each island was governed by a Governor with a five-member Executive Council, and a local legislative assembly, the Administrative Body.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400-61">[61]</a> While the British-controlled islands returned to normality, the French-held islands of Corfu and Paxoi, under Donzelot and Imperial Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Mathieu_de_Lesseps" title="Mathieu de Lesseps">Mathieu de Lesseps</a>, suffered from the effects of the British blockade, which became official on 10 November 1810.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400–401-63">[63]</a> Finally, Paxoi were occupied by the British in early 1813, followed by Parga on 22 March 1814, after a popular uprising evicted the French. Corfu held out until the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1814)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)">first downfall</a> of Napoleon and the <a href="/wiki/First_Restoration" title="First Restoration">restoration</a> of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a>: The armistice of 23 April [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 11 April] 1814 obliged the French to evacuate Corfu. In June, Donzelot surrendered the island to Campbell.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975401-64">[64]</a> The Ionian Senate, declaring that the Republic had been suspended but not abolished under the French and British occupation, tried to advocate for the independence of the Islands in the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, but Campbell refused to accept this view, holding that the Republic had ceased to exist after Tilsit, and regarding the appointed Senate as not representative of the Ionian people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975401-64">[64]</a> In the end, the Ionian Islands were formed into a British protectorate, the "<a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">United States of the Ionian Islands</a>",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975401–402-65">[65]</a> which existed until the islands were <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1864)" title="Treaty of London (1864)">united</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> in 1864.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20147-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> Due to the long Venetian rule, the Ionian Islands were linguistically and culturally influenced by Italy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge201411ff.-67">[67]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Ionian_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Ionian Islands">Venetian period</a>, Italian was used for official purposes in the islands but it was also widely spoken in the cities, whereas in the countryside people continued to speak Greek.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The only island in which Italian (Venetian) had a wider spread was Cefalonia, where a greater number of people had adopted Venetian as their first language.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Italian culture and language retained a dominant status among the educated urban elites well into the 19th century—Italian remained an official language until 1851—but the lower classes remained "monolingually and monoculturally Greek".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge201413–14-69">[69]</a> The official language was at first the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian language</a> and then in 1803 <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> became, along with Italian, one of the two official languages of the Republic.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The constitution of the Septinsular Republic was printed in Greek by the <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchate of Constantinople">patriarchal</a> press in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, using many <a href="/wiki/Loanwords" class="mw-redirect" title="Loanwords">loanwords</a> from Italian for technical terms. However, the new constitution approved in 1803 was drafted in Italian. The text of the constitution was prefaced by the report of the committee that drafted it, which stated that: "the noble, rich and harmonious Hellenic dialect, having been exiled by the Venetians, should be recalled to the dominion and become the language of administration and the interpreter of the active citizens."<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> This issue was considered to be so important that it was even given a separate article (Art. 211) in the constitution. According to the article, Greek was scheduled to replace Italian as the working language in public acts by the year 1820.<a href="#cite_note-unito1-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corfu_Panagia_Mandrakina_R03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Corfu_Panagia_Mandrakina_R03.jpg/220px-Corfu_Panagia_Mandrakina_R03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Corfu_Panagia_Mandrakina_R03.jpg/330px-Corfu_Panagia_Mandrakina_R03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Corfu_Panagia_Mandrakina_R03.jpg/440px-Corfu_Panagia_Mandrakina_R03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3108" data-file-height="2716" /></a><figcaption>The Church of <a href="/wiki/Panagia" title="Panagia">Panagia</a> Mandrakina in <a href="/wiki/Corfu_(city)" title="Corfu (city)">Corfu town</a></figcaption></figure> Most of the people on these islands during this period were <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christians</a>, with a small number of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jews</a> on Corfu, Zante and an even smaller number on Cefalonia.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The majority of Christians were Eastern Orthodox. However, there was a significant number of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Catholics</a>, especially on Corfu, Zante and Cefalonia. The Constitution of 1803 recognized Orthodoxy as the dominant faith; it also stated that the Roman Catholic faith was recognized and protected. The Constitution also provided for the enactment of a law defining the privileges of the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> residing in the State.<a href="#cite_note-unito1-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_countries_and_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greek countries and regions">List of Greek countries and regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfiot_Italians" title="Corfiot Italians">Corfiot Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">United States of the Ionian Islands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975382-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975382_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 382. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeontsinis2014214–215-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeontsinis2014214–215_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeontsinis2014">Leontsinis 2014</a>, pp. 214–215. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge201411-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge201411_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMackridge2014">Mackridge 2014</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge201415-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge201415_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMackridge2014">Mackridge 2014</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20143-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge20143_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMackridge2014">Mackridge 2014</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003153-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003153_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975383,_385–387-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975383,_385–387_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 383, 385–387. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20144-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge20144_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge20144_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge20144_8-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMackridge2014">Mackridge 2014</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975383–385-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975383–385_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 383–385. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975385,_387-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975385,_387_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 385, 387. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975389-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975389_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 389. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975390–392-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975390–392_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 390–392. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392_13-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 392. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165_14-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 165. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973613-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973613_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, p. 613. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20145-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge20145_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge20145_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge20145_16-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMackridge2014">Mackridge 2014</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165,_168-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003165,_168_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, pp. 165, 168. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003168-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003168_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003168_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003168_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003168_18-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 168. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392–393-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975392–393_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 392–393. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393_20-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393_20-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 393. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003169-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003169_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003169_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003169_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003169_21-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 169. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394_22-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394_22-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394_22-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 394. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393–394-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975393–394_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 393–394. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003166-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003166_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003166_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003166_24-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 166. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGekas201624–25-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGekas201624–25_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGekas2016">Gekas 2016</a>, pp. 24–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395_26-10">k</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 395. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394–395-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394–395_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975394–395_27-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 394–395. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003170-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003170_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003170_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003170_28-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 170. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973614-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973614_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, p. 614. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171_30-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171_30-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171_30-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171_30-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 171. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395–396-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975395–396_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 395–396. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396_32-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396_32-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396_32-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396_32-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396_32-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396_32-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396_32-9">j</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 396. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171–172-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003171–172_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, pp. 171–172. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396–397-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975396–397_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 396–397. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172_35-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172_35-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172_35-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172_35-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172_35-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003172_35-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 172. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397_36-21">v</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 397. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003166,_172-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003166,_172_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, pp. 166, 172. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003173-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003173_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003173_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003173_38-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003173–174-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003173–174_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, pp. 173–174. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973616,_625-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973616,_625_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, pp. 616, 625. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973616-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973616_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, p. 616. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973620-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973620_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, p. 620. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973621-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973621_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, p. 621. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973621–623-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973621–623_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, pp. 621–623. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006449–450-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006449–450_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPsimouli2006">Psimouli 2006</a>, pp. 449–450. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973623–624-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973623–624_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, pp. 623–624. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398–399-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398–399_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 398–399. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKallivretakis2003189-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKallivretakis2003189_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKallivretakis2003189_48-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKallivretakis2003">Kallivretakis 2003</a>, p. 189. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006450–451-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006450–451_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPsimouli2006">Psimouli 2006</a>, pp. 450–451. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006451–452-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006451–452_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPsimouli2006">Psimouli 2006</a>, pp. 451–452. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006453–454-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPsimouli2006453–454_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPsimouli2006">Psimouli 2006</a>, pp. 453–454. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973711–712-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973711–712_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, pp. 711–712. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKallivretakis2003190–191-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKallivretakis2003190–191_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKallivretakis2003">Kallivretakis 2003</a>, pp. 190–191. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973711-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973711_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, p. 711. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003174-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003174_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397–398-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975397–398_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 397–398. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398_57-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398_57-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398_57-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975398_57-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 398. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003174–175-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003174–175_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, pp. 174–175. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175_59-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175_59-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarapidakis2003175_59-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFKarapidakis2003">Karapidakis 2003</a>, p. 175. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399_60-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399_60-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399_60-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975399_60-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 399. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400_61-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400_61-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400_61-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400_61-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400_61-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400_61-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400_61-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 400. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973714-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973714_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973714_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVakalopoulos1973714_62-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFVakalopoulos1973">Vakalopoulos 1973</a>, p. 714. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400–401-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975400–401_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 400–401. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975401-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975401_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975401_64-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, p. 401. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975401–402-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoschonas1975401–402_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoschonas1975">Moschonas 1975</a>, pp. 401–402. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge20147-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge20147_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMackridge2014">Mackridge 2014</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge201411ff.-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge201411ff._67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMackridge2014">Mackridge 2014</a>, pp. 11ff.. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKendrick1822" class="citation book cs1">Kendrick, Tertius T. C. (1822). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v7sNAAAAQAAJ&q=The+Ionian+islands:+Manners+and+customs.">The Ionian islands: Manners and customs</a>. J. Haldane. p. 106. Retrieved 8 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ionian+islands%3A+Manners+and+customs&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=J.+Haldane&rft.date=1822&rft.aulast=Kendrick&rft.aufirst=Tertius+T.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv7sNAAAAQAAJ%26q%3DThe%2BIonian%2Bislands%3A%2BManners%2Band%2Bcustoms.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackridge201413–14-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackridge201413–14_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMackridge2014">Mackridge 2014</a>, pp. 13–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackridge2009" class="citation book cs1">Mackridge, Peter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JISd5jZu1mwC&pg=PA39">Language and national identity in Greece, 1766–1976</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921442-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921442-6"><bdi>978-0-19-921442-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 10 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+and+national+identity+in+Greece%2C+1766%E2%80%931976&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-921442-6&rft.aulast=Mackridge&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJISd5jZu1mwC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unito1-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unito1_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unito1_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dircost.unito.it/cs/docs/settinsula.htm">"COSTITUZIONE DELLA REPUBBLICA SETTINSULARE"</a>. Retrieved 2015-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=COSTITUZIONE+DELLA+REPUBBLICA+SETTINSULARE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dircost.unito.it%2Fcs%2Fdocs%2Fsettinsula.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.sch.gr/ikomninou/Hebr.pdf">"1Ο ΕΝΙΑΙΟ ΠΕΙΡΑΜΑΤΙΚΟ ΛΥΚΕΙΟ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ : "ΓΕΝΝΑ∆ΕΙΟ" ΟΙ ΕΒΡΑΪΚΕΣ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΕΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ"</a> (PDF). Users.sch.gr. Retrieved 2015-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1%CE%9F+%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%99%CE%91%CE%99%CE%9F+%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%9C%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%9F+%CE%9B%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%95%CE%99%CE%9F+%CE%91%CE%98%CE%97%CE%9D%CE%A9%CE%9D+%3A+%22%CE%93%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%9D%CE%91%E2%88%86%CE%95%CE%99%CE%9F%22+%CE%9F%CE%99+%CE%95%CE%92%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%AA%CE%9A%CE%95%CE%A3+%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%9D%CE%9F%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A4%CE%95%CE%A3+%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%9D+%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%9B%CE%91%CE%94%CE%91&rft.pub=Users.sch.gr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.sch.gr%2Fikomninou%2FHebr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGekas2016" class="citation book cs1">Gekas, Sakis (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J2joCwAAQBAJ">Xenocracy: State, Class, and Colonialism in the Ionian Islands, 1815–1864</a>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7853-3262-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7853-3262-3"><bdi>978-1-7853-3262-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xenocracy%3A+State%2C+Class%2C+and+Colonialism+in+the+Ionian+Islands%2C+1815%E2%80%931864&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-7853-3262-3&rft.aulast=Gekas&rft.aufirst=Sakis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ2joCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKallivretakis2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kallivretakis, Leonidas (2003). "Ένοπλα Ελληνικά σώματα στη δίνη των Ναπολεοντείων πολέμων (1798–1815)" [Greek armed corps in the throes of the Napoleonic wars (1798–1815)]. <bdi lang="el">Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού 1770–2000, Τόμος 1: Η Οθωμανική κυριαρχία, 1770–1821</bdi> [History of Modern Hellenism 1770–2000, Volume 1: Ottoman rule, 1770–1821] (in Greek). Athens: Ellinika Grammata. pp. 185–200. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10442%2F8780">10442/8780</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-406-540-8" title="Special:BookSources/960-406-540-8"><bdi>960-406-540-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CE%88%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC+%CF%83%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7+%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD+%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD+%281798%E2%80%931815%29&rft.btitle=%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+1770%E2%80%932000%2C+%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+1%3A+%CE%97+%CE%9F%CE%B8%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%BA%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1%2C+1770%E2%80%931821&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=185-200&rft.pub=Ellinika+Grammata&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10442%2F8780&rft.isbn=960-406-540-8&rft.aulast=Kallivretakis&rft.aufirst=Leonidas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarapidakis2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Karapidakis, Nikos (2003). "Τα Επτάνησα: Ευρωπαϊκοί ανταγωνισμοί μετά την πτώση της Βενετίας" [The Heptanese: European rivalries after the fall of Venice]. <bdi lang="el">Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού 1770–2000, Τόμος 1: Η Οθωμανική κυριαρχία, 1770–1821</bdi> [History of Modern Hellenism 1770–2000, Volume 1: Ottoman rule, 1770–1821] (in Greek). Athens: Ellinika Grammata. pp. 151–184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-406-540-8" title="Special:BookSources/960-406-540-8"><bdi>960-406-540-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CE%A4%CE%B1+%CE%95%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B1%3A+%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF+%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF+%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CF%80%CF%84%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B7+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82&rft.btitle=%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+1770%E2%80%932000%2C+%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+1%3A+%CE%97+%CE%9F%CE%B8%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%BA%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1%2C+1770%E2%80%931821&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=151-184&rft.pub=Ellinika+Grammata&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=960-406-540-8&rft.aulast=Karapidakis&rft.aufirst=Nikos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeontsinis2014" class="citation book cs1">Leontsinis, George N. (2014). "The Ionian Islands and the Greek Revolution". In Anthony Hirst; Patrick Sammon (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CdIxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124">The Ionian Islands: Aspects of their History and Culture</a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 124–145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-6278-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-6278-3"><bdi>978-1-4438-6278-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ionian+Islands+and+the+Greek+Revolution&rft.btitle=The+Ionian+Islands%3A+Aspects+of+their+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=124-145&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-6278-3&rft.aulast=Leontsinis&rft.aufirst=George+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCdIxBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackridge2014" class="citation book cs1">Mackridge, Peter (2014). "Introduction". In Anthony Hirst; Patrick Sammon (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CdIxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1">The Ionian Islands: Aspects of their History and Culture</a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 1–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-6278-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-6278-3"><bdi>978-1-4438-6278-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Ionian+Islands%3A+Aspects+of+their+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=1-23&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-6278-3&rft.aulast=Mackridge&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCdIxBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKnight1965" class="citation thesis cs1">McKnight, James Lawrence (1965). Admiral Ushakov and the Ionian Republic: The Genesis of Russia's First Balkan Satellite (PhD thesis). University of Wisconsin, Madison. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47945614">47945614</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Admiral+Ushakov+and+the+Ionian+Republic%3A+The+Genesis+of+Russia%27s+First+Balkan+Satellite&rft.inst=University+of+Wisconsin%2C+Madison&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47945614&rft.aulast=McKnight&rft.aufirst=James+Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoschonas1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moschonas, Nikolaos (1975). "Τα Ιόνια Νησιά κατά την περίοδο 1797–1821" [The Ionian Islands in the period 1797–1821]. In Christopoulos, Georgios A. & Bastias, Ioannis K. (eds.). Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ΄: Ο Ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία (περίοδος 1669 - 1821), Τουρκοκρατία - Λατινοκρατία [History of the Greek Nation, Volume XI: Hellenism under Foreign Rule (Period 1669 - 1821), Turkocracy – Latinocracy] (in Greek). Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 382–402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-213-100-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-960-213-100-8"><bdi>978-960-213-100-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CE%A4%CE%B1+%CE%99%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CE%9D%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%AC+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF+1797%E2%80%931821&rft.btitle=%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%88%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82%2C+%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%99%CE%91%CE%84%3A+%CE%9F+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82+%CF%85%CF%80%CF%8C+%CE%BE%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7+%CE%BA%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1+%28%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82+1669+-+1821%29%2C+%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1+-+%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=382-402&rft.pub=Ekdotiki+Athinon&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-960-213-100-8&rft.aulast=Moschonas&rft.aufirst=Nikolaos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikiforou2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nikiforou, Aliki, ed. (2001). Επτάνησος Πολιτεία: Τα μείζονα ιστορικά ζητήματα (in Greek). Corfu: General State Archives – Archives of the Prefecture of Corfu. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-85548-3-7" title="Special:BookSources/960-85548-3-7"><bdi>960-85548-3-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%95%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%3A+%CE%A4%CE%B1+%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1+%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC+%CE%B6%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&rft.place=Corfu&rft.pub=General+State+Archives+%E2%80%93+Archives+of+the+Prefecture+of+Corfu&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=960-85548-3-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPagratis2019" class="citation book cs1">Pagratis, Gerassimos D. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41616244">""Russians' first Satellite in the Balkans" or "The first Independent Greek State"?: New perspectives in the history of the Septinsular Republic (1800–1807)"</a>. El parlamentarisme en perspectiva histórica: parlaments multinivell. Vol. II. Parlament de les Illes Balears Institut Estudis Autonòmics. pp. 795–801. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-09-11162-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-09-11162-6"><bdi>978-84-09-11162-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9CRussians%E2%80%99+first+Satellite+in+the+Balkans%E2%80%9D+or+%E2%80%9CThe+first+Independent+Greek+State%E2%80%9D%3F%3A+New+perspectives+in+the+history+of+the+Septinsular+Republic+%281800%E2%80%931807%29&rft.btitle=El+parlamentarisme+en+perspectiva+hist%C3%B3rica%3A+parlaments+multinivell&rft.pages=795-801&rft.pub=Parlament+de+les+Illes+Balears+Institut+Estudis+Auton%C3%B2mics&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-84-09-11162-6&rft.aulast=Pagratis&rft.aufirst=Gerassimos+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41616244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPsimouli2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Psimouli, Vaso (2006). <bdi lang="el">Σούλι και Σουλιώτες</bdi> [Souli and the Souliotes] (in Greek). Athens: Estia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-05-1207-8" title="Special:BookSources/960-05-1207-8"><bdi>960-05-1207-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Estia&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=960-05-1207-8&rft.aulast=Psimouli&rft.aufirst=Vaso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVakalopoulos1973" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Apostolos_Vakalopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolos Vakalopoulos">Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E.</a> (1973). <bdi lang="el">Ιστορία του νέου ελληνισμού, Τόμος Δ′: Τουρκοκρατία 1669–1812 – Η οικονομική άνοδος και ο φωτισμός του γένους (Έκδοση Β′)</bdi> [History of modern Hellenism, Volume IV: Turkish rule 1669–1812 – Economic upturn and enlightenment of the nation] (in Greek) (2nd ed.). Thessaloniki: Emm. Sfakianakis & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%2C+%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%94%E2%80%B2%3A+%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1+1669%E2%80%931812+%E2%80%93+%CE%97+%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%BF+%CF%86%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82+%28%CE%88%CE%BA%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B7+%CE%92%E2%80%B2%29&rft.place=Thessaloniki&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Emm.+Sfakianakis+%26+Sons&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Vakalopoulos&rft.aufirst=Apostolos+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZanou2019" class="citation book cs1">Zanou, Konstantina (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZflyDwAAQBAJ">Transnational Patriotism in the Mediterranean, 1800–1850: Stammering the Nation</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1987-8870-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1987-8870-6"><bdi>978-0-1987-8870-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transnational+Patriotism+in+the+Mediterranean%2C+1800%E2%80%931850%3A+Stammering+the+Nation&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-1987-8870-6&rft.aulast=Zanou&rft.aufirst=Konstantina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZflyDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeptinsular+Republic" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Septinsular_Republic&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dircost.unito.it/cs/docs/settinsula.htm">The second constitution of the republic (1803)</a> (in Italian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enosiee.blogspot.com/2010/09/1803.html">The second constitution of the republic</a> (in Greek)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=hUkMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">The three constitutions (1800, 1803, 1817) of the Seven Ionian Islands</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Septinsular_Republic&params=38_30_N_20_30_E_region:GR_type:isle">38°30′N 20°30′E / 38.500°N 20.500°E / 38.500; 20.500</a> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Ionian_Islands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Ionian_Islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands#History" title="Ionian Islands">History</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenean period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Greece">Roman period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephallenia_(theme)" title="Cephallenia (theme)">Byzantine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Cephalonia_and_Zakynthos" title="County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos">County Palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands">Venetian rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1797%E2%80%931799)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)">Republican French rule</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Septinsular Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1807%E2%80%931814)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1807–1814)">Imperial French rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">British rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1864)" title="Treaty of London (1864)">Union with Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Axis occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Ionian_earthquake" title="1953 Ionian earthquake">1953 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands_(region)" title="Ionian Islands (region)">Ionian Islands region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greek_War_of_Independence_(1821–1829)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #cedff2;;border:1px solid gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Template:Greek War of Independence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Template talk:Greek War of Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek War of Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greek_War_of_Independence_(1821–1829)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> (1821–1829)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #cedff2;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Background_of_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Background of the Greek War of Independence">Background</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greeks" title="Ottoman Greeks">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armatoles" title="Armatoles">Armatoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodjabashis" title="Kodjabashis">Proestoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klepht" title="Klepht">Klephts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Skylosophos" title="Dionysios Skylosophos">Dionysius the Philosopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskalogiannis" title="Daskalogiannis">Daskalogiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Benakis" title="Panagiotis Benakis">Panagiotis Benakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Galatis" title="Nikolaos Galatis">Nikolaos Galatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kolokotronis" title="Konstantinos Kolokotronis">Konstantinos Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambros_Katsonis" title="Lambros Katsonis">Lambros Katsonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_of_Aetolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmas of Aetolia">Cosmas of Aetolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniots" title="Maniots">Maniots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanariots" title="Phanariots">Phanariots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum Millet">Rum Millet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliotes" title="Souliotes">Souliotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_V_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory V of Constantinople">Gregory V of Constantinople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlov_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlov Revolt">Orlov Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliote_War_(1789%E2%80%931793)" title="Souliote War (1789–1793)">Souliote War (1789–1793)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliote_War_(1803)" title="Souliote War (1803)">Souliote War (1803)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Modern Greek Enlightenment">Greek Enlightenment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Caradja" title="John Caradja">John Caradja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Christopoulos" title="Athanasios Christopoulos">Athanasios Christopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoklitos_Farmakidis" title="Theoklitos Farmakidis">Theoklitos Farmakidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimos_Gazis" title="Anthimos Gazis">Anthimos Gazis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Kairis" title="Theophilos Kairis">Theophilos Kairis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenios_Voulgaris" title="Eugenios Voulgaris">Eugenios Voulgaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellinoglosso_Xenodocheio" title="Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio">Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filiki_Eteria" title="Filiki Eteria">Filiki Eteria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Skoufas" title="Nikolaos Skoufas">Nikolaos Skoufas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Tsakalov" title="Athanasios Tsakalov">Athanasios Tsakalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuil_Xanthos" title="Emmanuil Xanthos">Emmanuil Xanthos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Anagnostopoulos" title="Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos">Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomuse_Society" title="Philomuse Society">Philomuse Society</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_of_the_Phoenix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society of the Phoenix (page does not exist)">Society of the Phoenix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adelphiki_Didaskalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adelphiki Didaskalia (page does not exist)">Adelphiki Didaskalia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asma_Polemistirion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asma Polemistirion (page does not exist)">Asma Polemistirion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Nomarchy" title="Hellenic Nomarchy">Hellenic Nomarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphlet_of_Rigas_Feraios" title="Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios">Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salpisma_Polemistirion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salpisma Polemistirion (page does not exist)">Salpisma Polemistirion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thourios_or_Patriotic_hymn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thourios or Patriotic hymn (page does not exist)">Thourios or Patriotic hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">European intervention and Greek involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Kaynarca" title="Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca">Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Plan" title="Greek Plan">Greek Plan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)">Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">Fall of the Republic of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1797%E2%80%931799)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)">Republican French rule in the Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Septinsular Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Legion_(Septinsular_Republic)" title="Greek Legion (Septinsular Republic)">Greek Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1807%E2%80%931814)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1807–1814)">Imperial French rule in the Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Regiment_(France)" title="Albanian Regiment (France)">Albanian Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_1807%E2%80%931814" title="Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814">Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Regiment_Greek_Light_Infantry" title="1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry">1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">United States of the Ionian Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greek nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christianity">Eastern Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchism_in_Greece" title="Template:Monarchism in Greece">Monarchism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #cedff2;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Events</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Patras_(1821)" title="Siege of Patras (1821)">Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Salona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Salona (page does not exist)">Salona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarino_massacre" title="Navarino massacre">Navarino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Livadeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Livadeia (page does not exist)">Livadeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Acropolis_(1821%E2%80%9322)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Acropolis (1821–22)">1st Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripolitsa" title="Siege of Tripolitsa">Tripolitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Arta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Arta (page does not exist)">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Acrocorinth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Acrocorinth (page does not exist)">Acrocorinth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Nauplia_(1822)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Nauplia (1822) (page does not exist)">Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Siege_of_Missolonghi" class="mw-redirect" title="First Siege of Missolonghi">1st Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Siege_of_Missolonghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Siege of Missolonghi">2nd Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Siege_of_Missolonghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Siege of Missolonghi">3rd Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Acropolis_(1826%E2%80%9327)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Acropolis (1826–27)">2nd Acropolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalamata" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kalamata">Kalamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallachian_uprising_of_1821" title="Wallachian uprising of 1821">Wallachian uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alamana" title="Battle of Alamana">Alamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gravia_Inn" title="Battle of Gravia Inn">Gravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valtetsi" title="Battle of Valtetsi">Valtetsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doliana" title="Battle of Doliana">Doliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lalas" title="Battle of Lalas">Lalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasilika_(Thessaloniki)" title="Battle of Vasilika (Thessaloniki)">Vasilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dr%C4%83g%C4%83%C8%99ani" title="Battle of Drăgășani">Drăgășani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sculeni" title="Battle of Sculeni">Sculeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasilika" title="Battle of Vasilika">Vasilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench_(1821)" title="Battle of the Trench (1821)">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peta" title="Battle of Peta">Peta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dervenakia" title="Battle of Dervenakia">Dervenakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karpenisi" title="Battle of Karpenisi">Karpenisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_civil_wars_of_1824%E2%80%9325" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek civil wars of 1824–25">Greek civil wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sphacteria_(1825)" title="Battle of Sphacteria (1825)">Sphacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maniaki" title="Battle of Maniaki">Maniaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_expedition" title="Morea expedition">Morea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lerna_Mills" title="Battle of the Lerna Mills">Lerna Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Egyptian_invasion_of_Mani" title="Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani">Mani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Distomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Distomo (page does not exist)">Distomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arachova" title="Battle of Arachova">Arachova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kamatero" title="Battle of Kamatero">Kamatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Phaleron" title="Battle of Phaleron">Phaleron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios_expedition" title="Chios expedition">Chios expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Martino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Martino (page does not exist)">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Koronisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Koronisia (page does not exist)">Koronisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petra" title="Battle of Petra">Petra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Massacres_during_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Massacres during the Greek War of Independence">Massacres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_massacre_of_1821" title="Constantinople massacre of 1821">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaloniki_Massacres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thessaloniki Massacres (page does not exist)">Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarino_massacre" title="Navarino massacre">Navarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripolitsa" title="Siege of Tripolitsa">Tripolitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naousa_massacre" title="Naousa massacre">Naousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Samothrace_(1821)" title="Massacre of Samothrace (1821)">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios_massacre" title="Chios massacre">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Psara" title="Destruction of Psara">Psara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasos_Massacre" title="Kasos Massacre">Kasos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9_July_Massacre_of_Greek-Cypriots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9 July Massacre of Greek-Cypriots (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Naval conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Eresos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Eresos (page does not exist)">Eresos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Ottoman_flagship_off_Chios" title="Burning of the Ottoman flagship off Chios">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nauplia_(1822)" title="Battle of Nauplia (1822)">Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samos_(1824)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Samos (1824)">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Andros_(1825)" title="Battle of Andros (1825)">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sphacteria_(1825)" title="Battle of Sphacteria (1825)">Sphacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gerontas" title="Battle of Gerontas">Gerontas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Souda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Souda (page does not exist)">Souda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_raid_on_Alexandria_(1825)" title="Greek raid on Alexandria (1825)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Volos_(1827)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Volos (1827) (page does not exist)">Volos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Itea" title="Battle of Itea">Itea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Navarino" title="Battle of Navarino">Navarino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Corvette_Agamemnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek Corvette Agamemnon (page does not exist)">Agamemnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_brig_Aris" title="Greek brig Aris">Aris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_frigate_Hellas" title="Greek frigate Hellas">Hellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karteria_(Greek_warship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karteria (Greek warship)">Karteria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_local_statutes" title="Greek local statutes">Greek regional councils and statutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messenian_Senate" title="Messenian Senate">Messenian Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Achaea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Achaea (page does not exist)">Directorate of Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_Senate" title="Peloponnesian Senate">Peloponnesian Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Western_Continental_Greece" title="Senate of Western Continental Greece">Senate of Western Continental Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus_of_Eastern_Continental_Greece" title="Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece">Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Regime_of_Crete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provisional Regime of Crete (page does not exist)">Provisional Regime of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military-Political_System_of_Samos" title="Military-Political System of Samos">Military-Political System of Samos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_national_assemblies" title="Greek national assemblies">Greek national assemblies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_National_Assembly_at_Epidaurus" title="First National Assembly at Epidaurus">First (Epidaurus)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Executive_of_1822" title="Executive of 1822">Executive of 1822</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_National_Assembly_at_Astros" title="Second National Assembly at Astros">Second (Astros)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_National_Assembly_at_Troezen" title="Third National Assembly at Troezen">Third (Troezen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Assembly_at_Argos" title="Fourth National Assembly at Argos">Fourth (Argos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_National_Assembly_at_Nafplion" title="Fifth National Assembly at Nafplion">Fifth (Nafplion)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">International Conferences, treaties and protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Laibach" title="Congress of Laibach">Congress of Laibach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Verona" title="Congress of Verona">Congress of Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_of_St._Petersburg_(1826)" title="Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826)">Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1827)" title="Treaty of London (1827)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Poros" title="Conference of Poros">Conference of Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1828)" title="London Protocol (1828)">London Protocol of 1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1829)" title="London Protocol (1829)">London Protocol of 1829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Adrianople_(1829)" title="Treaty of Adrianople (1829)">Treaty of Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1830)" title="London Protocol (1830)">London Protocol of 1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1832" title="London Conference of 1832">London Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1832)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1832)">Treaty of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_to_the_Throne_of_Greece_(1822%E2%80%931832)" title="Election to the Throne of Greece (1822–1832)">Proposals for the monarch of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_expedition_to_Syria_(1825)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek expedition to Syria (1825) (page does not exist)">Greek expedition to Syria (1825)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%9329)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)">Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #cedff2;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Category:People of the Greek War of Independence">Personalities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Hellenic_Republic" title="First Hellenic Republic">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chian_Committee" title="Chian Committee">Chian Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Androutsos" title="Odysseas Androutsos">Odysseas Androutsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotos_Bomporis" title="Fotos Bomporis">Fotos Bomporis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostas_Botsaris" title="Kostas Botsaris">Kostas Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markos_Botsaris" title="Markos Botsaris">Markos Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notis_Botsaris" title="Notis Botsaris">Notis Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tousias_Botsaris" title="Tousias Botsaris">Tousias Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laskarina_Bouboulina" title="Laskarina Bouboulina">Laskarina Bouboulina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Denis_Bourbaki" title="Constantin Denis Bourbaki">Constantin Denis Bourbaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Chalis" title="Stefanos Chalis">Stefanos Chalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Charalampis" title="Sotiris Charalampis">Sotiris Charalampis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giannis_Chondrogiannis" title="Giannis Chondrogiannis">Giannis Chondrogiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Christidis" title="Dimitrios Christidis">Dimitrios Christidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Danglis_(chieftain)" title="Panagiotis Danglis (chieftain)">Panagiotis Danglis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzimichalis_Dalianis" title="Hatzimichalis Dalianis">Hatzimichalis Dalianis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Deligeorgis" title="Dimitrios Deligeorgis">Dimitrios Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrakis_Deligiannis" title="Dimitrakis Deligiannis">Dimitrakis Deligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanellos_Deligiannis" title="Kanellos Deligiannis">Kanellos Deligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Diakos" title="Athanasios Diakos">Athanasios Diakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysis_Diakos" title="Dionysis Diakos">Dionysis Diakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Dimidis" title="Konstantinos Dimidis">Konstantinos Dimidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Dimoulitsas" title="Ioannis Dimoulitsas">Ioannis Dimoulitsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Doukas" title="Adam Doukas">Adam Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Drakos" title="Georgios Drakos">Georgios Drakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiannis_Dyovouniotis" title="Yiannis Dyovouniotis">Yiannis Dyovouniotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Filippopoulos" title="Georgios Filippopoulos">Georgios Filippopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimakis_Fotilas" title="Asimakis Fotilas">Asimakis Fotilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotakis_Fotilas" title="Panagiotakis Fotilas">Panagiotakis Fotilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelis_Gatsos" title="Angelis Gatsos">Angelis Gatsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Georgantas" title="Antonios Georgantas">Antonios Georgantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanos_III_of_Old_Patras" title="Germanos III of Old Patras">Germanos III of Old Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Gevidis" title="Georgios Gevidis">Georgios Gevidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Gofas" title="Konstantinos Gofas">Konstantinos Gofas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasileios_Goudas" title="Vasileios Goudas">Vasileios Goudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yannis_Gouras" title="Yannis Gouras">Ioannis Gouras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Gouvelis" title="Dimitrios Gouvelis">Dimitrios Gouvelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Gouvelis_(1780%E2%80%931829)" title="Konstantinos Gouvelis (1780–1829)">Konstantinos Gouvelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelis_Govios" title="Angelis Govios">Angelis Govios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Indares" title="Dimitrios Indares">Dimitrios Indares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_of_Salona" title="Isaiah of Salona">Isaiah of Salona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Kalamogdartis" title="Antonios Kalamogdartis">Antonios Kalamogdartis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kalaras" title="George Kalaras">George Kalaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Kallergis" title="Dimitrios Kallergis">Dimitrios Kallergis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasios_Kampetis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanasios Kampetis (page does not exist)">Athanasios Kampetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Kanakaris" title="Athanasios Kanakaris">Athanasios Kanakaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Konstantinos Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Kanellos" title="Stefanos Kanellos">Stefanos Kanellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Ioannis Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaros_Kapodistrias" title="Viaros Kapodistrias">Viaros Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatios_Kapsas" title="Stamatios Kapsas">Stamatios Kapsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgakis_Kapsokalyvas" title="Georgakis Kapsokalyvas">Georgakis Kapsokalyvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Karatasos" title="Anastasios Karatasos">Anastasios Karatasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Karatzas" title="Panagiotis Karatzas">Panagiotis Karatzas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis" title="Georgios Karaiskakis">Georgios Karaiskakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristeidis_Karnalis" title="Aristeidis Karnalis">Aristeidis Karnalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kasomoulis" title="Nikolaos Kasomoulis">Nikolaos Kasomoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kolettis" title="Ioannis Kolettis">Ioannis Kolettis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolis_Kolokotronis" title="Apostolis Kolokotronis">Apostolis Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennaios_Kolokotronis" title="Gennaios Kolokotronis">Ioannis Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panos_Kolokotronis" title="Panos Kolokotronis">Panos Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Kolokotronis" title="Theodoros Kolokotronis">Theodoros Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michail_Komninos_Afentoulief" title="Michail Komninos Afentoulief">Michail Komninos Afentoulief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Kontostavlos" title="Alexandros Kontostavlos">Alexandros Kontostavlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panos_Koronaios" title="Panos Koronaios">Panos Koronaios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kountouriotis" title="Georgios Kountouriotis">Georgios Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaros_Kountouriotis" title="Lazaros Kountouriotis">Lazaros Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michalis_Kourmoulis" title="Michalis Kourmoulis">Michalis Kourmoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Krestenitis_(elder)" title="Ioannis Krestenitis (elder)">Ioannis Krestenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykourgos_Krestenitis" title="Lykourgos Krestenitis">Lykourgos Krestenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatis_Krestenitis" title="Stamatis Krestenitis">Stamatis Krestenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Kriezis" title="Antonios Kriezis">Antonios Kriezis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kriezotis" title="Nikolaos Kriezotis">Nikolaos Kriezotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyprianos_of_Cyprus" title="Kyprianos of Cyprus">Kyprianos of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Lagoumitzis" title="Konstantinos Lagoumitzis">Konstantinos Lagoumitzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Lassanis" title="Georgios Lassanis">Georgios Lassanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Lechouritis" title="Georgios Lechouritis">Georgios Lechouritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardos_Leonardopoulos" title="Leonardos Leonardopoulos">Leonardos Leonardopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Liologlou" title="Georgios Liologlou">Georgios Liologlou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykourgos_Logothetis" title="Lykourgos Logothetis">Lykourgos Logothetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Londos" title="Andreas Londos">Andreas Londos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiannis_Makriyiannis" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiannis Makriyiannis">Yiannis Makriyiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Mamouris" title="Ioannis Mamouris">Ioannis Mamouris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Manakis" title="Anastasios Manakis">Anastasios Manakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manto_Mavrogenous" title="Manto Mavrogenous">Manto Mavrogenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Alexandros Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Mavromichalis" title="Antonios Mavromichalis">Antonios Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Mavromichalis" title="Demetrios Mavromichalis">Demetrios Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Mavromichalis" title="Georgios Mavromichalis">Georgios Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mavromichalis" title="Konstantinos Mavromichalis">Konstantinos Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakoulis_Mavromichalis_(military_commander)" title="Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis (military commander)">Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrobey_Mavromichalis" title="Petrobey Mavromichalis">Petrobey Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Meletopoulos" title="Dimitrios Meletopoulos">Dimitrios Meletopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Metaxas" title="Andreas Metaxas">Andreas Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Metaxas" title="Konstantinos Metaxas">Konstantinos Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzigiannis_Mexis" title="Hatzigiannis Mexis">Hatzigiannis Mexis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Vokos_Miaoulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas Vokos Miaoulis">Andreas Miaoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Miaoulis" title="Antonios Miaoulis">Antonios Miaoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Michanidis" title="Panagiotis Michanidis">Panagiotis Michanidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyromilios" title="Spyromilios">Spyros Milios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Mykonios" title="Nikolaos Mykonios">Nikolaos Mykonios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachos_Milios" title="Zachos Milios">Zachos Milios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Negris" title="Alexander Negris">Alexander Negris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Negris" title="Konstantinos Negris">Konstantinos Negris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Negris" title="Theodoros Negris">Theodoros Negris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamantis_Nikolaou" title="Diamantis Nikolaou">Diamantis Nikolaou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Nikolopoulos_(composer)" title="Konstantinos Nikolopoulos (composer)">Konstantinos Nikolopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Notaras" title="Ioannis Notaras">Ioannis Notaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Oikonomou" title="Antonis Oikonomou">Antonis Oikonomou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Orlandos" title="Ioannis Orlandos">Ioannis Orlandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Paikos" title="Andronikos Paikos">Andronikos Paikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Panou" title="Georgios Panou">Georgios Panou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Panourgias" title="Dimitrios Panourgias">Dimitrios Panourgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakos_Panourgias" title="Nakos Panourgias">Nakos Panourgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaflessas" title="Papaflessas">Grigorios Papaflessas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anagnostaras" title="Anagnostaras">Anagnostis Papageorgiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Papanikolis" title="Dimitrios Papanikolis">Dimitrios Papanikolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanouel_Pappas" title="Emmanouel Pappas">Emmanouel Pappas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoforos_Perraivos" title="Christoforos Perraivos">Christoforos Perraivos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Petimezas" title="Nikolaos Petimezas">Nikolaos Petimezas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasileios_Petimezas_(1785%E2%80%931872)" title="Vasileios Petimezas (1785–1872)">Vasileios Petimezas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Petrakis" title="Dionysios Petrakis">Dionysios Petrakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Pipinos" title="Andreas Pipinos">Andreas Pipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Pittakis" title="Kyriakos Pittakis">Kyriakos Pittakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Polyzoidis" title="Anastasios Polyzoidis">Anastasios Polyzoidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Rados" title="Konstantinos Rados">Konstantinos Rados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Rangos" title="Ioannis Rangos">Ioannis Rangos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagiotis_Rodios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panagiotis Rodios (page does not exist)">Panagiotis Rodios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Romas" title="Dionysios Romas">Dionysios Romas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sachtouris" title="Georgios Sachtouris">Georgios Sachtouris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sekeris" title="Georgios Sekeris">Georgios Sekeris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theofanis_Siatisteus" title="Theofanis Siatisteus">Theofanis Siatisteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sisinis" title="Georgios Sisinis">Georgios Sisinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Skandalidis" title="Ioannis Skandalidis">Ioannis Skandalidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zisis_Sotiriou" title="Zisis Sotiriou">Zisis Sotiriou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikitaras" title="Nikitaras">Nikitas Stamatelopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Stavros" title="Georgios Stavros">Georgios Stavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stephanini" title="Joseph Stephanini">Joseph Stephanini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Stratos" title="Ioannis Stratos">Ioannis Stratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotirios_Theocharopoulos" title="Sotirios Theocharopoulos">Sotirios Theocharopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafeirakis_Theodosiou" title="Zafeirakis Theodosiou">Zafeirakis Theodosiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanouil_Tombazis" title="Emmanouil Tombazis">Emmanouil Tombazis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iakovos_Tombazis" title="Iakovos Tombazis">Iakovos Tombazis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Trikoupis" title="Ioannis Trikoupis">Ioannis Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Tsamados" title="Anastasios Tsamados">Anastasios Tsamados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchisedek_Tsouderos" title="Melchisedek Tsouderos">Melchisedek Tsouderos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsos_Tzavellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitsos Tzavellas">Kitsos Tzavellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Tzinis" title="Theodoros Tzinis">Theodoros Tzinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loukas_Vagias" title="Loukas Vagias">Loukas Vagias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanasoulas_Valtinos" title="Thanasoulas Valtinos">Thanasoulas Valtinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Varis" title="Dimitrios Varis">Dimitrios Varis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletis_Vasileiou" title="Meletis Vasileiou">Meletis Vasileiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domna_Visvizi" title="Domna Visvizi">Domna Visvizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexakis_Vlachopoulos" title="Alexakis Vlachopoulos">Alexakis Vlachopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Vlachopoulos" title="Konstantinos Vlachopoulos">Konstantinos Vlachopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieros_Voidis" title="Pieros Voidis">Pieros Voidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liolios_Xirolivaditis" title="Liolios Xirolivaditis">Liolios Xirolivaditis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Ypsilantis" title="Demetrios Ypsilantis">Demetrios Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoforos_Zachariadis" title="Christoforos Zachariadis">Christoforos Zachariadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Zaimis" title="Andreas Zaimis">Andreas Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanos_Zapheiropoulos" title="Germanos Zapheiropoulos">Germanos Zapheiropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Zappas" title="Evangelos Zappas">Evangelos Zappas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marigo_Zarafopoula" title="Marigo Zarafopoula">Marigo Zarafopoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Zervas" title="Nikolaos Zervas">Nikolaos Zervas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Philhellenism" title="Philhellenism">Philhellenes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B3nio_Figueira_d%27Almeida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="António Figueira d'Almeida (page does not exist)">António Figueira d'Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Balestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Balestra (page does not exist)">Joseph Balestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Barff" title="Samuel Barff">Samuel Barff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marie_Bonaparte" title="Paul Marie Bonaparte">Paul Marie Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rudolf_Brommy" title="Karl Rudolf Brommy">Karl Rudolf Brommy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Church_(general)" title="Richard Church (general)">Richard Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Chiappe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Chiappe (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Chiappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Lord Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacinto_Collegno" title="Giacinto Collegno">Giacinto Collegno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolas_Fabvier" title="Charles Nicolas Fabvier">Charles Fabvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Friedel" title="Adam Friedel">Adam Friedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Gallina" title="Vincenzo Gallina">Vincenzo Gallina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gordon_(British_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Gordon (British Army officer)">Thomas Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Guys" title="Constantin Guys">Constantin Guys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Han" title="Emmanuel Han">Emmanuel Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Abney_Hastings" title="Frank Abney Hastings">Frank Abney Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_von_Heideck" title="Carl Wilhelm von Heideck">Carl von Heideck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gridley_Howe" title="Samuel Gridley Howe">Samuel Gridley Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jarvis_(Philhellene)" title="George Jarvis (Philhellene)">George Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Krazeisen" title="Karl Krazeisen">Karl Krazeisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Nikolai_Kr%C3%B8yer" title="Henrik Nikolai Krøyer">Henrik Nikolai Krøyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Michael_Mangel" title="Ernst Michael Mangel">Ernst Michael Mangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_de_Marbois-Lebrun,_Duchess_of_Plaisance" title="Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance">Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasos_Mavrovouniotis" title="Vasos Mavrovouniotis">Vasos Mavrovouniotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Meyer" title="Johann Jakob Meyer">Johann Jakob Meyer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellinika_Chronika" title="Ellinika Chronika">Ellinika Chronika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller_(abolitionist)" title="Jonathan Miller (abolitionist)">Jonathan Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Michael_Millingen" title="Julius Michael Millingen">Julius Michael Millingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Myhrberg" title="August Myhrberg">August Myhrberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Normann-Ehrenfels" title="Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels">Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BEi-Prodan" title="Hadži-Prodan">Hadži-Prodan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Persat" title="Maurice Persat">Maurice Persat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_Piscatory" title="Theobald Piscatory">Theobald Piscatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Maxime_Raybaud" title="Jean-François-Maxime Raybaud">Maxime Raybaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Regnaud_de_Saint-Jean_d%27Ang%C3%A9ly" title="Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély">Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Rosaroll" title="Giuseppe Rosaroll">Giuseppe Rosaroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Santorre_di_Rossi_de_Pomarolo,_Count_of_Santarosa" title="Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa">Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Thiersch" title="Friedrich Thiersch">Friedrich Thiersch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Hilarion_Touret" title="Auguste Hilarion Touret">Auguste Hilarion Touret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Trelawny" title="Edward John Trelawny">Edward John Trelawny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Legion_(Philhellenes)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Legion (Philhellenes) (page does not exist)">German Legion</a> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="el:Γερμανική Λεγεώνα">el</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_volunteers_in_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Serb volunteers in the Greek War of Independence">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Urquhart" title="David Urquhart">David Urquhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Voutier" title="Olivier Voutier">Olivier Voutier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jakob_Williams" title="James Jakob Williams">James Jakob Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Danubian Principalities</a>) <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Band_(1821)" title="Sacred Band (1821)">Sacred Band</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasios_Agrafiotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanasios Agrafiotis (page does not exist)">Athanasios Agrafiotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Christopoulos" title="Anastasios Christopoulos">Anastasios Christopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamandi_Djuvara" title="Diamandi Djuvara">Diamandi Djuvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Kanellos" title="Stefanos Kanellos">Stefanos Kanellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Kantakouzinos" title="Alexandros Kantakouzinos">Alexandros Kantakouzinos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Kantakouzinos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Kantakouzinos (page does not exist)">Georgios Kantakouzinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallou_Karatza" title="Rallou Karatza">Rallou Karatza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatios_Kleanthis" title="Stamatios Kleanthis">Stamatios Kleanthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Lassanis" title="Georgios Lassanis">Georgios Lassanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Levidis" title="Constantine Levidis">Constantine Levidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Macedonski" title="Dimitrie Macedonski">Dimitrie Macedonski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Manakis" title="Anastasios Manakis">Anastasios Manakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgakis_Olympios" title="Giorgakis Olympios">Giorgakis Olympios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiannis_Pharmakis" title="Yiannis Pharmakis">Yiannis Pharmakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Soutzos" title="Michael Soutzos">Michael Soutzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxani_Soutzos" title="Roxani Soutzos">Roxani Soutzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Tsakalov" title="Athanasios Tsakalov">Athanasios Tsakalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Vladimirescu" title="Tudor Vladimirescu">Tudor Vladimirescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Xenokratis" title="Konstantinos Xenokratis">Konstantinos Xenokratis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ypsilantis" title="Alexander Ypsilantis">Alexander Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Ypsilantis" title="Demetrios Ypsilantis">Demetrios Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaos_Ypsilantis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaos Ypsilantis (page does not exist)">Nikolaos Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoforos_Zachariadis" title="Christoforos Zachariadis">Christoforos Zachariadis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Algeria">Algeria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Sultan Mahmud II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurshid_Pasha" title="Hurshid Pasha">Hurshid Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasuhzade_Ali_Pasha" title="Nasuhzade Ali Pasha">Nasuhzade Ali Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Gibraltar" title="Ismael Gibraltar">Ismael Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omer_Vrioni" title="Omer Vrioni">Omer Vrioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Mehmet_(Kapudan_Pasha)" title="Kara Mehmet (Kapudan Pasha)">Kara Mehmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Dramali_Pasha" title="Mahmud Dramali Pasha">Mahmud Dramali Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koca_H%C3%BCsrev_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha">Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re%C5%9Fid_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Reşid Mehmed Pasha">Reşid Mehmed Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yussuf_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yussuf Pasha (page does not exist)">Yussuf Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt" title="Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt">Ibrahim Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soliman_Pasha_al-Faransawi" title="Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi">Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">George Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_Canning,_1st_Viscount_Stratford_de_Redcliffe" title="Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe">Stratford Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Codrington" title="Edward Codrington">Edward Codrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Rigny" title="Henri de Rigny">Henri de Rigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodewijk_van_Heiden" title="Lodewijk van Heiden">Lodewijk van Heiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I of Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Financial aid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Philhellenic_Committee" title="London Philhellenic Committee">London Philhellenic Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Gabriel_Eynard" title="Jean-Gabriel Eynard">Jean-Gabriel Eynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaros_Kountouriotis" title="Lazaros Kountouriotis">Lazaros Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Papafis" title="Ioannis Papafis">Ioannis Papafis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Stavros" title="Georgios Stavros">Georgios Stavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Varvakis" title="Ioannis Varvakis">Ioannis Varvakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothschild_%26_Co" title="Rothschild & Co">Rothschild & Co</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Morea_expedition" title="Morea expedition">Morea expedition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Nicolas Joseph Maison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Simon_Durrieu" title="Antoine Simon Durrieu">Antoine Simon Durrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Virgile_Schneider" title="Antoine Virgile Schneider">Antoine Virgile Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Regnaud_de_Saint-Jean_d%27Ang%C3%A9ly" title="Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély">Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Alphonse_Tr%C3%A9zel" title="Camille Alphonse Trézel">Camille Alphonse Trézel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Scientific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Bory_de_Saint-Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent">Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on-Jean-Joseph_Dubois" title="Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois">Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Peytier" title="Pierre Peytier">Pierre Peytier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatis_Voulgaris" title="Stamatis Voulgaris">Stamatis Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Abel_Blouet" title="Guillaume-Abel Blouet">Guillaume-Abel Blouet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bibron" title="Gabriel Bibron">Gabriel Bibron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_Baccuet" title="Prosper Baccuet">Prosper Baccuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Emmanuel_Amaury_Duval" title="Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval">Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Narcisse_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Pierre-Narcisse Guérin">Pierre-Narcisse Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lenormant" title="Charles Lenormant">Charles Lenormant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Edgar Quinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Historians/Memoirists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="el:Δημήτριος Αινιάν">Dimitrios Ainian</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Φώτιος Χρυσανθόπουλος">Fotis Chrysanthopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Filimon" title="Ioannis Filimon">Ioannis Filimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Finlay" title="George Finlay">George Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%82_(%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B2%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82)" class="extiw" title="el:Αμβρόσιος Φραντζής (πρεσβύτερος)"> Ambrosios Frantzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambros_Koutsonikas" title="Lambros Koutsonikas">Lambros Koutsonikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Metaxas" title="Konstantinos Metaxas">Konstantinos Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoutsos_Notaras" title="Panoutsos Notaras">Panoutsos Notaras</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Παναγιώτης Παπατσώνης">Panagiotis Papatsonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Polyzoidis" title="Anastasios Polyzoidis">Anastasios Polyzoidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Tertsetis" title="Georgios Tertsetis">Georgios Tertsetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Trikoupis" title="Spyridon Trikoupis">Spyridon Trikoupis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Dupr%C3%A9_(painter)" title="Louis Dupré (painter)">Louis Dupré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_von_Hess" title="Peter von Hess">Peter von Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pouqueville" title="François Pouqueville">François Pouqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Krazeisen" title="Karl Krazeisen">Karl Krazeisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Kalvos" title="Andreas Kalvos">Andreas Kalvos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Solomos" title="Dionysios Solomos">Dionysios Solomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Vryzakis" title="Theodoros Vryzakis">Theodoros Vryzakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_(poem)" title="Hellas (poem)">Hellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reception_of_Lord_Byron_at_Missolonghi" title="The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi">The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_on_the_Ruins_of_Missolonghi" title="Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi">Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_si%C3%A8ge_de_Corinthe" title="Le siège de Corinthe">Le siège de Corinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Massacre_at_Chios" title="The Massacre at Chios">The Massacre at Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Besieged" title="The Free Besieged">The Free Besieged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Hymn to Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Archipelago_on_Fire" title="The Archipelago on Fire">The Archipelago on Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loukis_Laras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loukis Laras (page does not exist)">Loukis Laras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Athanasios_Diakos" title="The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos">The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>25 March (Independence Day)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Hymn to Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftheria_i_thanatos" title="Eleftheria i thanatos">Eleftheria i thanatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedion_tou_Areos" title="Pedion tou Areos">Pedion tou Areos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylaea_(Munich)" title="Propylaea (Munich)">Propylaea (Munich)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garden_of_Heroes_(Missolonghi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi) (page does not exist)">Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Phalanx" 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