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Discovery (observation) - Wikipedia
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<span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Observations_of_students_completed_by_teachers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observations_of_students_completed_by_teachers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Observations of students completed by teachers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observations_of_students_completed_by_teachers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observations_of_teachers_completed_by_other_professionals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observations_of_teachers_completed_by_other_professionals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Observations of teachers completed by other professionals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observations_of_teachers_completed_by_other_professionals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Specific_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Specific references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Discovery (observation)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%80%D4%A5%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BC%D2%AD%D0%B0" title="Аарԥшымҭа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аарԥшымҭа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81_(%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF)" title="اكتشاف (رصد) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اكتشاف (رصد)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99%C5%9Ff" title="Kəşf – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kəşf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Откритие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Откритие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descobriment" title="Descobriment – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Descobriment" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%C3%A7%D0%BD%C4%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Уçнăлăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уçнăлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objev" title="Objev – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Objev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entdeckung" title="Entdeckung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Entdeckung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%88%CE%B7" title="Ανακάλυψη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανακάλυψη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descubrimiento" title="Descubrimiento – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Descubrimiento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkovro" title="Malkovro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malkovro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%81" title="کشف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کشف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9couverte_scientifique" title="Découverte scientifique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Découverte scientifique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fionnachtain" title="Fionnachtain – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fionnachtain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descubrimento" title="Descubrimento – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Descubrimento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EA%B2%AC" title="발견 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발견" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հայտնագործություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայտնագործություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penemuan" title="Penemuan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penemuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תגלית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תגלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Ғылыми жаңалық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ғылыми жаңалық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entdeckung" title="Entdeckung – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Entdeckung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felfedez%C3%A9s" title="Felfedezés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Felfedezés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BA%E8%A6%8B" title="発見 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="発見" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descoberta" title="Descoberta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Descoberta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Открытие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Открытие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_(observation)" title="Discovery (observation) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Discovery (observation)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objav" title="Objav – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Objav" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppt%C3%A4ckt" title="Upptäckt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Upptäckt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="Наукове відкриття – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наукове відкриття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کھوج بینی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کھوج بینی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A1m_ph%C3%A1" title="Khám phá – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khám phá" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE" title="發現 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="發現" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0_(%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA)" title="发现 (认识论) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="发现 (认识论)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99%C5%A1f" title="Kəšf – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kəšf" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12772819#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discovery_(observation)" title="View the content 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Discovery_(observation)" title="Special:EditPage/Discovery (observation)">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Discovery_(observation)" title="Talk:Discovery (observation)">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template 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<b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Discovery_(observation)" title="Special:EditPage/Discovery (observation)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Discovery%22+observation">"Discovery" observation</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Discovery%22+observation+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Discovery%22+observation&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Discovery%22+observation+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Discovery%22+observation">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Discovery%22+observation&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Discovery</b> is the act of detecting something new, or something previously unrecognized as meaningful. In <a href="/wiki/Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences">sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Discipline_(academia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Discipline (academia)">academic disciplines</a>, discovery is the <a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">observation</a> of new <a href="/wiki/Phenomenon" title="Phenomenon">phenomena</a>, new actions, or new events and involves providing new reasoning to explain the knowledge gathered through such observations, using knowledge previously acquired through abstract thought and from everyday experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcHiggs121211_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcHiggs121211-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some discoveries represent a radical breakthrough in knowledge or technology. Others are based on earlier discoveries, collaborations or ideas. In such cases, the process of discovery requires at least the awareness that an existing concept or method could be modified or transformed. New discoveries are made using various <a href="/wiki/Sense" title="Sense">senses</a>, and are usually added to pre-existing <a href="/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Question" title="Question">Questioning</a> plays a key role in discovery; discoveries are often made due to questions. Some discoveries lead to the <a href="/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">invention</a> of objects, processes, or techniques. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science">Science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within scientific disciplines, discovery is the observation of new <a href="/wiki/Phenomenon" title="Phenomenon">phenomena</a>, actions, or events that helps explain the knowledge gathered through previously acquired <a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">scientific evidence</a>. Discovery is made by providing observational evidence and attempts to develop an initial, rough understanding of some phenomenon. </p><p>Within the field of <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">particle physics</a>, there is an accepted requirement for defining a discovery: a <a href="/wiki/Standard_deviation#Table" title="Standard deviation">five-sigma</a> level of certainty.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcHiggs121211_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcHiggs121211-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This level defines how <a href="/wiki/Statistic" title="Statistic">statistically</a> unlikely it is that an <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">experimental</a> result is due to <a href="/wiki/Randomness" title="Randomness">chance</a>. The combination of a five-sigma level of certainty, and independent confirmation by other experiments, turn findings into accepted discoveries.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcHiggs121211_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcHiggs121211-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Within the field of education, discovery occurs through observations. These observations are common and come in various forms. Observations can occur as observations of students done by the teacher or observations of teachers done by other professionals. Student observations help teachers identify where the students are developmentally and <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_development" title="Cognitive development">cognitively</a> in the realm of their studies. Teacher observations are used by administrators to hold teachers accountable as they stay on target with their learning goals and treat the students with respect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observations_of_students_completed_by_teachers">Observations of students completed by teachers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Observations of students completed by teachers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Teachers observe students throughout the day in the classroom. These observations can be informal or formal. Teachers often use checklists, anecdotal notes, videos, interviews, written work or assessments, etc. By completing these observations, teachers can evaluate at what 'level' the student is understanding the lessons. Observations allow teachers to make the necessary adaptations for the students in the classroom. These observations can also provide the foundation for strong relationships between teachers and students. When students have these relationships, they feel safer, more comfortable in the classroom and are more willing and eager to learn.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through observations teachers discover the most developmentally appropriate practices to implement in their classrooms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These encourage and promote healthier learning styles and positive classroom atmospheres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observations_of_teachers_completed_by_other_professionals">Observations of teachers completed by other professionals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Observations of teachers completed by other professionals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a set of standards set in the education system by government officials. Teachers are responsible for following these academic standards as a guideline for developmentally appropriate instruction. In addition to following those academic goals, teachers are also observed by administrators to ensure positive classroom environments. One of the tools that teachers could use is the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) tool. After using this tool, "over 150 research studies prove that students in classrooms with high-CLASS scores have better academic and social outcomes."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tool itself is known for encouraging positive classroom environments, regard for the students' perspectives, behavior management skills, quality of feedback, and language modeling. The administrators rate each of the ten categories on a scale of one to seven. One being the lowest score and seven being the highest score that the teacher may receive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploration">Exploration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> has used the term "discovery" in their histories to lay claims over lands and people as "discovery" through <a href="/wiki/Discovery_doctrine" title="Discovery doctrine">discovery doctrines</a> and subtly emphasize the importance of "<a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">exploration</a>" in the history of the world,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as in the "<a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>", the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> and any <a href="/wiki/Frontier_thesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontier thesis">frontierist</a> endeavour even into space as the "<a href="/wiki/New_Frontier" title="New Frontier">New Frontier</a>". In the course of this discovery, it has been used to describe the first incursions of peoples from one culture into the geographical and cultural environment of others. However, calling it "discovery" has been rejected by many <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a>, from whose perspective it was not a discovery but a <a href="/wiki/First_contact_(anthropology)" title="First contact (anthropology)">first contact</a>, and consider the term "discovery" to perpetuate <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a>, as for the discovery doctrine<sup id="cite_ref-frichner_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frichner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and frontierist concepts like <i><a href="/wiki/Terra_nullius" title="Terra nullius">terra nullius</a></i>. </p><p>Discovery and the age of discovery have been alternatively, particularly regionally, referred to through the terms contact, <i>Age of Contact</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>Contact Period</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bold_hypothesis" title="Bold hypothesis">Bold hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Discoverers" title="Category:Discoverers">Category:Discoverers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_inventions_or_discoveries" title="Category:Lists of inventions or discoveries">Category:Lists of inventions or discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_techniques" title="Creativity techniques">Creativity techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_zone" title="Contact zone">Contact zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of German inventions and discoveries">List of German inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multiple_discoveries" title="List of multiple discoveries">List of multiple discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logology_(science)#Discovery" title="Logology (science)">Logology (science)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_discovery" title="Multiple discovery">Multiple discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">Revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_nature" title="Rights of nature">Rights of nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_chance_in_scientific_discoveries" title="Role of chance in scientific discoveries">Role of chance in scientific discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_priority" title="Scientific priority">Scientific priority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serendipity" title="Serendipity">Serendipity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries" title="Timeline of scientific discoveries">Timeline of scientific discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USSR_state_registry_of_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USSR state registry of discoveries (page does not exist)">USSR state registry of discoveries</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="extiw" title="ru:Государственный реестр открытий СССР">ru</a>]</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific_references">Specific references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Specific references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bbcHiggs121211-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcHiggs121211_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcHiggs121211_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcHiggs121211_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRincon2011" class="citation news cs1">Rincon, Paul (12 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16116230">"Higgs boson: Excitement builds over 'glimpses' at LHC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Presented at the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Ninth Session, United Nations Economic and Social Council, New York, 27 Apr 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatie_Whitehurst" class="citation web cs1">Katie Whitehurst. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://texasourtexas.texaspbs.org/the-eras-of-texas/age-of-contact/">"Age of Contact"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Age+of+Contact&rft.pub=PBS&rft.au=Katie+Whitehurst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftexasourtexas.texaspbs.org%2Fthe-eras-of-texas%2Fage-of-contact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiscovery+%28observation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNassaney2014" class="citation book cs1">Nassaney, Michael Shakir (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_1641">"North America During the European Contact Period"</a>. In Claire Smith (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology</i>. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 5350–5371. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-0465-2_1641">10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_1641</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-0426-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-0426-3"><bdi>978-1-4419-0426-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=North+America+During+the+European+Contact+Period&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Global+Archaeology&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=5350-5371&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4419-0465-2_1641&rft.isbn=978-1-4419-0426-3&rft.aulast=Nassaney&rft.aufirst=Michael+Shakir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4419-0465-2_1641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiscovery+%28observation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_references">General references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB_Barber1961" class="citation journal cs1">B Barber (1 September 1961). "Resistance by scientists to scientific discovery". <i>Science</i>. <b>134</b> (3479): 596–602. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961Sci...134..596B">1961Sci...134..596B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.134.3479.596">10.1126/science.134.3479.596</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13686762">13686762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Resistance+by+scientists+to+scientific+discovery&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=3479&rft.pages=596-602&rft.date=1961-09-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13686762&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.134.3479.596&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1961Sci...134..596B&rft.au=B+Barber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiscovery+%28observation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerton1957" class="citation journal cs1">Merton, Robert K. (December 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113162824/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4faf/0abe21a4de23629c5df7951b5233f0ad1ef0.pdf">"Priorities in scientific discovery: a chapter in the sociology of science"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Sociological_Review" title="American Sociological Review">American Sociological Review</a></i>. <b>22</b> (6): 635–659. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2089193">10.2307/2089193</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1224">0003-1224</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2089193">2089193</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147253305">147253305</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4faf/0abe21a4de23629c5df7951b5233f0ad1ef0.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=Priorities+in+scientific+discovery%3A+a+chapter+in+the+sociology+of+science&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=635-659&rft.date=1957-12&rft.issn=0003-1224&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147253305%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2089193%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2089193&rft.aulast=Merton&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2F4faf%2F0abe21a4de23629c5df7951b5233f0ad1ef0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiscovery+%28observation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarnegie_Mellon_University_Artificial_Intelligence_and_Psychology_ProjectYulin_QinHerbert_A_Simon1990" class="citation journal cs1">Carnegie Mellon University Artificial Intelligence and Psychology Project; Yulin Qin; Herbert A Simon (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0364-0213%2890%2990005-H">"Laboratory replication of scientific discovery processes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive Science">Cognitive Science</a></i>. <b>14</b> (2): 281–312. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0364-0213%2890%2990005-H">10.1016/0364-0213(90)90005-H</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/832091458">832091458</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cognitive+Science&rft.atitle=Laboratory+replication+of+scientific+discovery+processes&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=281-312&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F832091458&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0364-0213%2890%2990005-H&rft.au=Carnegie+Mellon+University+Artificial+Intelligence+and+Psychology+Project&rft.au=Yulin+Qin&rft.au=Herbert+A+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252F0364-0213%252890%252990005-H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiscovery+%28observation%29" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052116/http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA219273">preprint</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA_SilberschatzA_Tuzhilin1996" class="citation journal cs1">A Silberschatz; <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tuzhilin" title="Alexander Tuzhilin">A Tuzhilin</a> (December 1996). "What makes patterns interesting in knowledge discovery systems". <i>IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering</i>. <b>8</b> (6): 970–974. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.127.8150">10.1.1.127.8150</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2F69.553165">10.1109/69.553165</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11430349">11430349</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Knowledge+and+Data+Engineering&rft.atitle=What+makes+patterns+interesting+in+knowledge+discovery+systems&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=970-974&rft.date=1996-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.127.8150%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11430349%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2F69.553165&rft.au=A+Silberschatz&rft.au=A+Tuzhilin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiscovery+%28observation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasz_ImielinskiHeikki_Mannila1996" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Imielinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomasz Imielinski">Tomasz Imielinski</a>; <a href="/wiki/Heikki_Mannila" title="Heikki Mannila">Heikki Mannila</a> (November 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F240455.240472">"A database perspective on knowledge discovery"</a>. <i>Communications of the ACM</i>. <b>39</b> (11): 58–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F240455.240472">10.1145/240455.240472</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7530194">7530194</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=A+database+perspective+on+knowledge+discovery&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=58-64&rft.date=1996-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F240455.240472&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7530194%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Tomasz+Imielinski&rft.au=Heikki+Mannila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F240455.240472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiscovery+%28observation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_(observation)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/bioindex.html">A Science Odyssey: People and discoveries</a> from <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/TEDEducation?feature=watch">TED-Education video</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8UFGu2M2gM&feature=relmfu">How simple ideas lead to scientific discoveries</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0004637.html">A Guide to Inventions and Discoveries: From Adrenaline to the Zipper</a> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infoplease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infoplease (page does not exist)">Infoplease</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 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