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ratio</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: swelling ratio"> <meta name="keywords" content="swelling ratio"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="swelling ratio"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4843</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: swelling ratio</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4843</span> Effect of Swelling Pressure on Drug Release from Polyelectrolyte Micro-Hydrogel Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Boroujerdi">Mina Boroujerdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Tavakoli"> Javad Tavakoli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogels are extensively studied as matrices for the controlled release of drugs. To evaluate the mobility of embedded molecules, these drug delivery systems are usually characterized by release studies. In this contribution, an electronic device for swelling pressure measurement during drug release from hydrogel network was developed. Also, poly acrylic acid micro particles were prepared for prolonged and sustained controlled acetaminophen release. Effect of swelling pressure on drug release from micro particles studied under different environment pH in order to predict release profile in gastro-intestine medium. Swelling ratio and swelling pressure were measured in different pH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20pressure" title="swelling pressure">swelling pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title=" hydrogel"> hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyelectrolyte" title=" polyelectrolyte"> polyelectrolyte</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54759/effect-of-swelling-pressure-on-drug-release-from-polyelectrolyte-micro-hydrogel-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4842</span> Swelling Behavior of Cross-Linked Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Hamri">Salah Hamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tewfik%20Bouchaour"> Tewfik Bouchaour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrich%20Maschke"> Ulrich Maschke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this works is the study of swelling ratio of cross-linked polymer networks poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA). The system composed of erythrosine and Triethanolamine, in aqueous medium, is used as photo-initiator and 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate as cross-linker. The analysis of UV-visible and infrared spectra, which were taken at different times during polymerization/cross linking, makes it possible to obtain useful information on the reaction mechanism. The swelling behavior was study by changing the nature of solvent, dye sensitizer (erythrosine, rose Bengal and eosin), and pH of the medium. The exploitation of experimental results using Fick diffusion model is also expected and shows a good correlation between theoretical and experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-linker" title="cross-linker">cross-linker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-sensitizer" title=" photo-sensitizer"> photo-sensitizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20network" title=" polymer network"> polymer network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20ratio" title=" swelling ratio"> swelling ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29880/swelling-behavior-of-cross-linked-poly-2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4841</span> Improving the Dimensional Stability of Bamboo Woven Strand Board</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulelat%20Gatew">Gulelat Gatew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bamboo Woven Strand Board (WSB) products are manufactured from Ethiopia highland bamboo (Yushania alpina) as a multiple layer mat structure for enhanced mechanical performance. Hence, it shows similar mechanical properties as tropical hardwood products. WSB, therefore, constitutes a sustainable alternative to tropical hardwood products. The resin and wax ratio had a great influence on the determinants properties of the product quality such as internal bonding, water absorption, thickness swelling, bending and stiffness properties. Among these properties, because of the hygroscopic nature of the bamboo, thickness swelling and water absorption are important performances of WSB for using in construction and outdoor facilities. When WSB is exposed to water or moist environment, they tend to swell and absorb water in all directions. The degree of swelling and water absorption depends on the type of resin used, resin formulation, resin ratio, wax type and ratio. The objective of this research is investigating effects of phenol formaldehyde and wax on thickness swelling and water absorption behavior on bamboo WSB for construction and outdoor facilities. The experiments were conducted to measure the effects of wax and phenol-formaldehyde resin content on WSB thickness swelling and water absorption which leads to investigate its effect on dimension stability and mechanical properties. Both experiments were performed with 2–hour and 24-hour water immersion test and a significant set of data regarding the influence of such method parameters is also presented. The addition of up to 2% wax with 10% of phenol formaldehyde significantly reduced thickness swelling and water absorption of WSB which resulted in making it more hydrophobic and less susceptible to the influences of moisture in high humidity conditions compared to the panels without wax. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woven%20strand%20board%20%28WSB%29" title="woven strand board (WSB)">woven strand board (WSB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20absorption" title=" water absorption"> water absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness%20swelling" title=" thickness swelling"> thickness swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol%20formaldehyde%20resin" title=" phenol formaldehyde resin"> phenol formaldehyde resin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54164/improving-the-dimensional-stability-of-bamboo-woven-strand-board" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4840</span> Analytical and Statistical Study of the Parameters of Expansive Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Medjnoun">A. Medjnoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Bahar"> R. Bahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The disorders caused by the shrinking-swelling phenomenon are prevalent in arid and semi-arid in the presence of swelling clay. This soil has the characteristic of changing state under the effect of water solicitation (wetting and drying). A set of geotechnical parameters is necessary for the characterization of this soil type, such as state parameters, physical and chemical parameters and mechanical parameters. Some of these tests are very long and some are very expensive, hence the use or methods of predictions. The complexity of this phenomenon and the difficulty of its characterization have prompted researchers to use several identification parameters in the prediction of swelling potential. This document is an analytical and statistical study of geotechnical parameters affecting the potential of swelling clays. This work is performing on a database obtained from investigations swelling Algerian soil. The obtained observations have helped us to understand the soil swelling structure and its behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title="analysis">analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimated%20model" title=" estimated model"> estimated model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20identification" title=" parameter identification"> parameter identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20of%20clay" title=" swelling of clay"> swelling of clay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37170/analytical-and-statistical-study-of-the-parameters-of-expansive-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4839</span> Swelling Behaviour of Kappa Carrageenan Hydrogel in Neutral Salt Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sperisa%20Distantina">Sperisa Distantina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadilah%20Fadilah"> Fadilah Fadilah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mujtahid%20Kaavessina"> Mujtahid Kaavessina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogel films were prepared from kappa carrageenan by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Carrageenan films extracted from <em>Kappaphycus alvarezii</em> seaweed were immersed in glutaraldehyde solution for 2 min and then cured at 110 °C for 25 min. The obtained crosslinked films were washed with ethanol to remove the unreacted glutaraldehyde and then air dried to constant weights. The aim of this research was to study the swelling degree behaviour of the hydrogel film to neutral salts solution, namely NaCl, KCl, and CaCl<sub>2</sub>. The results showed that swelling degree of crosslinked films varied non-monotonically with salinity of NaCl. Swelling degree decreased with the increasing of KCl concentration. Swelling degree of crosslinked film in CaCl<sub>2 </sub>solution was lower than that in NaCl and in KCl solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrageenan" title="carrageenan">carrageenan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title=" hydrogel"> hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutaraldehyde" title=" glutaraldehyde"> glutaraldehyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt" title=" salt"> salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46588/swelling-behaviour-of-kappa-carrageenan-hydrogel-in-neutral-salt-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4838</span> Stabilization of Expansive Soils by Additions Binders Hydraulic Lime and Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kherafa%20Abdennasser">Kherafa Abdennasser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A literature review was conducted to gather as much information. Concerns the phenomenon of swelling clays, as well as a presentation of some bibliographic findings on factors affecting the swelling potential. Citing the various techniques of stabilization of clays as well as a presentation of some literature results on the stabilization of swelling. Then a characterization of the materials was carried out at basic bibliographic study. These are standard mechanical geotechnical testing. Simple practical, economical and efficient to minimize the phenomenon swelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title="stabilization">stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soils" title=" expansive soils"> expansive soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime" title=" lime"> lime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oedometer" title=" oedometer"> oedometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30656/stabilization-of-expansive-soils-by-additions-binders-hydraulic-lime-and-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4837</span> Conductive Clay Nanocomposite Using Smectite and Poly(O-Anisidine)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%C5%9Eahi%CC%87n">M. Şahi̇n</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Erdem"> E. Erdem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sa%C3%A7ak"> M. Saçak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Na-smectite crystals purificated of bentonite were used after being swelling with benzyltributylammonium bromide (BTBAB) as alkyl ammonium salt. Swelling process was carried out using 0.2 g of BTBAB for smectite of 0.8 g with 4 h of mixing time after investigated conditions such as mixing time, the swelling agent amount. Then, the conductive poly(o-anisidine) (POA)/smectite nanocomposite was prepared in the presence of swollen Na-smectite using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant in aqueous acidic medium. The POA content and conductivity of the prepared nanocomposite were systematically investigated as a function of polymerization conditions such as the treatment time of swollen smectite in monomer solution and o-anisidine/APS mol ratio. POA/smectite nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques and was compared separately with components of composite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title="clay">clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conducting%20polymer" title=" conducting polymer"> conducting polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28o-anisidine%29" title=" poly(o-anisidine) "> poly(o-anisidine) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37132/conductive-clay-nanocomposite-using-smectite-and-polyo-anisidine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4836</span> A Soil Stabilization Technique on Apa-Hotamiş Conveyance Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Sinan%20So%C4%9Fanc%C4%B1">Ali Sinan Soğancı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Apa-Hotamış conveyance channel is located within in the boundaries of Konya Regional Directorate of Water Works. This channel transfers the water to the fount of Apa Dam with 17 km length of Blue Channel. Then the water is transmitted with Apa- Hotamış conveyance channel to Hotamış Water Storage. In some places along the Apa-Hotamış conveyance canal which will be constructed by Directorate of Water Works of Konya, some swelling soils have been seen. The samples taken from these places have 35-95 kPa swelling pressure. To prevent the swelling pressure arising from the penetration of water to the concrete channel, it was proposed to make 10 cm concrete coating by spreading the geomembrane and geotextile between the soil and concrete. In this way, the pressure (35-95 kPa) caused by the swelling and cracking of concrete failure will be blocked. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conveyance%20channel" title="conveyance channel">conveyance channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20pressure" title=" swelling pressure"> swelling pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geomembrane" title=" geomembrane"> geomembrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotextile" title=" geotextile"> geotextile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52995/a-soil-stabilization-technique-on-apa-hotamis-conveyance-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4835</span> Method for Predicting the Deformation of a Swelling Clay of the Region of N’Gaous (Batna, in Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferrah%20F.">Ferrah F.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baheddi%20M."> Baheddi M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study relates to how water content in some clay soils affects their structure by increasing or decreasing the volume. These cyclic phenomena of swelling-shrinkage cause parasitic stresses in structures and at the foundation. These stresses create damage in buildings, highways, pavements, airports and structures lightly loaded. This study was conducted on soil from a site near the hospital of N'gaous (Batna), whose soil is at the origin of cracks in the filler walls of the hospital. After a few years of exploitation, and according to the findings of experts in subdivision of construction and urbanism (SUCH), cracks appeared just after the heavy rains that the region experienced in 1987. Our study shows the need to become aware of the importance of damages occasioned by swellings by adopting construction techniques to solve this problem. The study is to determine a methodology to take into account the effects of swelling in calculating long-term foundations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title="clay">clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20pressure" title=" swelling pressure"> swelling pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressibility" title=" compressibility"> compressibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188293/method-for-predicting-the-deformation-of-a-swelling-clay-of-the-region-of-ngaous-batna-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4834</span> An Experimental Study to Mitigate Swelling Pressure of Expansive Tabuk Shale, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Embaby">A. A. Embaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abu%20Halawa"> A. Abu Halawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ramadan"> M. Ramadan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, there are several areas where expansive soil exists in the form of variable-thicknesses layers in the developed regions. Severe distress to infrastructures can be caused by the development of heave and swelling pressure in this kind of expansive shale. Among the various techniques for expansive soil mitigation, the removal and replacement technique is very popular for lightly loaded structures and shallow foundations. This paper presents the result of an experimental study conducted for evaluating the effect of type and thickness of the cushion soils on mitigation of swelling characteristics of expanded shale. Seven undisturbed shale samples collected from Al Qadsiyah district, which is located in the Tabuk town north Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, are treated with two types of cushion coarse-grained sediments (CCS); sand and gravel. Each type is represented with three thicknesses, 22%, 33% and 44% in relation to the depth of the active zone. The test results indicated that the replacement of expansive shale by CCS reduces the swelling potential and pressure. It is found that the reduction in swelling depends on the type and thickness of CCS. The treatment by removing the original expansive shale and replacing it by cushion sand with 44% thickness reduced the swelling potential and pressure of about 53.29% and 62.78 %, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cushion%20coarse-grained%20sediments%20%28CCS%29" title="cushion coarse-grained sediments (CCS)">cushion coarse-grained sediments (CCS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soil" title=" expansive soil"> expansive soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20pressure" title=" swelling pressure"> swelling pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabuk%20Shale" title=" Tabuk Shale"> Tabuk Shale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64134/an-experimental-study-to-mitigate-swelling-pressure-of-expansive-tabuk-shale-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4833</span> Geo-Engineering Properties of Lime Stabilized Expansive Soil with Shredded Waste Tyre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Upasana%20Pattnaik">Upasana Pattnaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akshaya%20Kumar%20Sabat"> Akshaya Kumar Sabat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The compaction properties, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), soaked California bearing ratio (CBR), hydraulic conductivity, and swelling pressure of lime stabilized expansive soil-shredded waste tyre mixes have been discussed in this paper. Shredded waste tyres, passing 4.75 mm Indian Standard (IS) sieve and retained on 75µ IS sieve have been used in the experimental programme. First of all expansive soil-shredded waste tyre mixes were prepared by adding shredded waste tyre from 0 to 20% at an increment of 5%.Standard Proctor compaction, UCS and soaked CBR tests were conducted on these mixes. The optimum percentage of shredded waste tyre found out was 10%.In the second phase of the experiment, lime was added to sample having optimum percentage of expansive soil and shredded waste tyre from 2 to 6% at an increment of 1%.Compaction, UCS, soaked CBR, hydraulic conductivity, and swelling pressure tests were conducted on lime stabilized expansive soil-shredded waste tyre mixes. The optimum percentage of lime for stabilization was found out to be 5%.At the optimum percentage of lime the stabilized expansive soil-shredded waste tyre mix had increased strength, reduced hydraulic conductivity and swelling pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soil" title="expansive soil">expansive soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" hydraulic conductivity"> hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime" title=" lime"> lime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shredded%20waste%20tyre" title=" shredded waste tyre"> shredded waste tyre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soaked%20california%20bearing%20ratio" title=" soaked california bearing ratio"> soaked california bearing ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87297/geo-engineering-properties-of-lime-stabilized-expansive-soil-with-shredded-waste-tyre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4832</span> Improving Swelling Performance Using Industrial Waste Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohieldin%20Elmashad">Mohieldin Elmashad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20Yassin"> Salwa Yassin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Expansive soils regarded as one of the most problematic unsaturated formations in the Egyptian arid zones and present a great challenge in civil engineering, in general, and geotechnical engineering, in particular. Severe geotechnical complications and consequent structural damages have been arising due to an excessive and differential volumetric change upon wetting and change in water content. Different studies have been carried out concerning the swelling performance of the expansive soils using different additives including phospho-gypsum as an industrial waste product. However, this paper describes the results of a comprehensive testing programme that was carried out to investigate the effect of phospho-gypsum (PG) and sodium chloride (NaCl), as an additive mixture, on the swelling performance of constituent samples of swelling soils. The constituent samples comprise commercial bentonite collected from a natural site, mixed with different percentages of PG-NaCl mixture. The testing programme had been scoped to cover the physical and chemical properties of the constituent samples. In addition, a mineralogical study using x-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on the collected bentonite and the mixed bentonite with PG-NaCl mixture samples. The obtained results of this study showed significant improvement in the swelling performance of the tested samples with the increase of the proposed PG-NaCl mixture content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soils" title="expansive soils">expansive soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20waste" title=" industrial waste"> industrial waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralogical%20study" title=" mineralogical study"> mineralogical study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20performance" title=" swelling performance"> swelling performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60475/improving-swelling-performance-using-industrial-waste-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4831</span> Consolidation Behavior of Lebanese Soil and Its Correlation with the Soil Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20G.%20Nini">Robert G. Nini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil consolidation is one of the biggest problem facing engineers. The consolidation process has an important role in settlement analysis for the embankments and footings resting on clayey soils. The settlement amount is related to the compression and the swelling indexes of the soil. Because the predominant upper soil layer in Lebanon is consisting mainly of clay, this layer is a real challenge for structural and highway engineering. To determine the effect of load and drainage on the engineering consolidation characteristics of Lebanese soil, a full experimental and synthesis study was conducted on different soil samples collected from many locations. This study consists of two parts. During the first part which is an experimental one, the Proctor test and the consolidation test were performed on the collected soil samples. After it, the identifications soil tests as hydrometer, specific gravity and Atterberg limits are done. The consolidation test which is the main test in this research is done by loading the soil for some days then an unloading cycle was applied. It takes two weeks to complete a typical consolidation test. Because of these reasons, during the second part of our research which is based on the analysis of the experiments results, some correlations were found between the main consolidation parameters as compression and swelling indexes with the other soil parameters easy to calculate. The results show that the compression and swelling indexes of Lebanese clays may be roughly estimated using a model involving one or two variables in the form of the natural void ratio and the Atterberg limits. These correlations have increasing importance for site engineers, and the proposed model also seems to be applicable to a wide range of clays worldwide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atterberg%20limits" title="atterberg limits">atterberg limits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20and%20swelling%20indexes" title=" compression and swelling indexes"> compression and swelling indexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20consolidation" title=" soil consolidation"> soil consolidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108799/consolidation-behavior-of-lebanese-soil-and-its-correlation-with-the-soil-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4830</span> Quince Seed Mucilage (QSD)/ Multiwall Carbonano Tube Hybrid Hydrogels as Novel Controlled Drug Delivery Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raouf%20Alizadeh">Raouf Alizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadijeh%20Hemmati"> Kadijeh Hemmati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to synthesize several series of hydrogels from combination of a natural based polymer (Quince seed mucilage QSD), a synthetic copolymer contained methoxy poly ethylene glycol -polycaprolactone (mPEG-PCL) in the presence of different amount of multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWNT). Mono epoxide functionalized mPEG (mP EG-EP) was synthesized and reacted with sodium azide in the presence of NH4Cl to afford mPEG- N3(-OH). Then ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε–caprolactone (CL) in the presence of mPEG- N3(-OH) as initiator and Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst led to preparation of mPEG-PCL- N3(-OH ) which was grafted onto propagylated f-MWNT by the click reaction to obtain mPEG-PCL- f-MWNT (-OH ). In the presence of mPEG- N3(-Br) and mixture of NHS/DCC/ QSD, hybrid hydrogels were successfully synthesized. The copolymers and hydrogels were characterized using different techniques such as, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The gel content of hydrogels showed dependence on the weight ratio of QSD:mPEG-PCL:f-MWNT. The swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels was also studied under variation of pH, immersion time, and temperature. According to the results, the swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels showed significant dependence in the gel content, pH, immersion time and temperature. The highest swelling was observed at room temperature, in 60 min and at pH 8. The loading and in-vitro release of quercetin as a model drug were investigated at pH of 2.2 and 7.4, and the results showed that release rate at pH 7.4 was faster than that at pH 2.2. The total loading and release showed dependence on the network structure of hydrogels and were in the range of 65- 91%. In addition, the cytotoxicity and release kinetics of the prepared hydrogels were also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quince%20Seed%20Mucilage%28QSD%29" title=" Quince Seed Mucilage(QSD)"> Quince Seed Mucilage(QSD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20behavior" title=" swelling behavior"> swelling behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47365/quince-seed-mucilage-qsd-multiwall-carbonano-tube-hybrid-hydrogels-as-novel-controlled-drug-delivery-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4829</span> The Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Poly(O-Toluidine)/Smectite Clay Nanocomposite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Erdem">E. Erdem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%C5%9Eahin"> M. Şahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sa%C3%A7ak"> M. Saçak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smectite is a layered silicate and modified with alkyl ammonium salts to make both the hydrophilic silicate surfaces organophilic, and to expand the clay layers. Thus, a nanocomposite structure can be formed enabling to enter various types of polymers between the layers. In this study, Na-smectite crystals were prepared by purification of bentonite. Benzyltributylammonium bromide (BTBAB) was used as a swelling agent. The mixing time and additive concentration were changed during the swelling process. It was determined that the 4 h of mixing time and 0.2 g of BTBAB were sufficient and the usage of higher amounts of salt did not increase the interlayer space between the clay layers. Then, the conductive poly(o-toluidine) (POT)/smectite nanocomposite was prepared in the presence of swollen Na-smectite using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant in aqueous acidic medium. The POT content and conductivity of the prepared nanocomposite were systematically investigated as a function of polymerization conditions such as the treatment time of swollen smectite in monomer solution and o-toluidine/APS mol ratio. The POT content and conductivity of nanocomposite increased with increasing monomer/oxidant mol ratio up to 1 and did not change at higher ratios. The maximum polymer yield and the highest conductivity value of the composite were 26.0% and 4.0×10-5 S/cm, respectively. The structural and morphological analyses of the POT/smectite nanocomposite were carried out by XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title="clay">clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conducting%20polymer" title=" conducting polymer"> conducting polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28o-anisidine%29" title=" poly(o-anisidine)"> poly(o-anisidine)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37134/the-preparation-and-characterization-of-conductive-polyo-toluidinesmectite-clay-nanocomposite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4828</span> Extrudate Swell under the Effect of Radial Flow and Intrinsic Factors to the Polymer Upstream of the Die</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hela%20Krir">Hela Krir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhak%20Ayadi"> Abdelhak Ayadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chedly%20Bradaii"> Chedly Bradaii</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of both intrinsic factors, elastic energy and memory effect, and radial flow on the appearance and the evolution of the extrudate swelling are investigated in the present work. The experiments have been performed with linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via a capillary rheometer in which a convergent radial flow was created upstream the contraction. The correspondence between the effects of radial flow, entry elastic stored energy and memory effect is discussed. In particular, as the influence of the considered radial flow, extrudate photographs showed that when the gap ratio is reduced, the extrudate swell is lessened than what it is when radial flow geometry is not installed. Moreover, with a narrower gap, the polymer stores less energy during its passage through the die which implies a lower extrudate swelling at the outlet of the die. Results previously mentioned may be related both to shear and elongational components of radial flow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20energy" title="elastic energy">elastic energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrudate%20swell" title=" extrudate swell"> extrudate swell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory%20effect" title=" memory effect"> memory effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20flow" title=" radial flow"> radial flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87319/extrudate-swell-under-the-effect-of-radial-flow-and-intrinsic-factors-to-the-polymer-upstream-of-the-die" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4827</span> Characterization of a LiFeOP₄ Battery Cell with Mechanical Responses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Yong%20Oh">Ki-Yong Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunji%20Kwak"> Eunji Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Due%20Su%20Son"> Due Su Son</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siheon%20Jung"> Siheon Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A pouch type of 10 Ah LiFePO₄ battery cell is characterized with two mechanical responses: swelling and bulk force. Both responses vary upon the state of charge significantly, whereas voltage shows flat responses, suggesting that mechanical responses can become a sensitive gauge to characterize microstructure transformation of a battery cell. The derivative of swelling s with respect to capacity Q, (ds/dQ) and the derivative of force F with respect to capacity Q, (dF/dQ) more clearly identify phase transitions of cathode and anode electrodes in the overall charge process than the derivative of voltage V with respect to capacity Q, (dV/dQ). Especially, the force versus swelling curves over the state of charge clearly elucidates three different stiffness over the state of charge oriented from phase transitions: the α-phase, the β-phase, and the metastable solid-solution phase. The observation from mechanical responses suggests that macro-scale mechanical responses of a battery cell are directly correlated to microscopic transformation of a battery cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20response" title="force response">force response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LiFePO%E2%82%84%20battery" title=" LiFePO₄ battery"> LiFePO₄ battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20response" title=" strain response"> strain response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20response" title=" stress response"> stress response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20response" title=" swelling response"> swelling response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97098/characterization-of-a-lifeop4-battery-cell-with-mechanical-responses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4826</span> Assessment of Hygroscopic Characteristics of Hevea brasiliensis Wood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Tosin%20Aladejana">John Tosin Aladejana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood behave differently under different environmental conditions. The knowledge of the hygroscopic nature of wood becomes a key factor in selecting wood for use and required treatment. This study assessed the hygroscopic behaviour of Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber) wood. Void volume, volumetric swelling in the tangential, radial and longitudinal directions and volumetric shrinkage were used to assess the response of the wood when loosing or taking up moisture. Hevea brasiliensis wood samples cut into 20 × 20 × 60 mm taken longitudinally and transversely were used for the study and dried in the oven at 103 ± 2⁰C. The mean values for moisture content in green Hevea brasiliensis wood were 49.74 %, 51.14 % and 54.36 % for top, middle and bottom portion respectively while 51.77 %, 50.02 % and 53.45 % were recorded for outer, middle and inner portions respectively for the tree. The values obtained for volumetric shrinkage and swelling indicated that shrinkage and swelling were higher at the top part of H. brasiliensis. It was also observed that the longitudinal shrinkage was negligible while tangential direction showed the highest shrinkage among the wood direction. The values of the void volume obtained were 43.0 %, 39.0 % and 38.0 % at the top, middle and bottom respectively. The result obtained showed clarification on the wood density of hevea brasiliensis based on the position and portion of the wood species and the variation in moisture content, void volume, volumetric shrinkage and swelling were also revealed. This will provide information in the process of drying hevea brasiliensis wood to ensure better wood quality devoid of defects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title="moisture content">moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void%20volume" title=" void volume"> void volume</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78996/assessment-of-hygroscopic-characteristics-of-hevea-brasiliensis-wood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4825</span> Synthesis of Crosslinked Konjac Glucomannan and Kappa Carrageenan Film with Glutaraldehyde</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sperisa%20Distantina">Sperisa Distantina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadilah"> Fadilah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mujtahid%20Kaavessina"> Mujtahid Kaavessina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crosslinked konjac glucomannan and kappa carrageenan film were prepared by chemical crosslinking using glutaraldehyde (GA) as the crosslinking agent. The effect crosslinking on the swelling degree was investigated. Konjac glucomanan and its mixture with kappa carragenan film was immersed in GA solution and then thermally cured. The obtained crosslinked film was washed and soaked in the ethanol to remove the unreacted GA. The obtained film was air dried at room temperature to a constant weight. The infrared spectra and the value of swelling degree of obtained crosslinked film showed that glucomannan and kappa carrageenan was able to be crosslinked using glutaraldehyde by film immersion and curing method without catalyst. The crosslinked films were found to be pH sensitive, indicating a potential to be used in drug delivery polymer system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosslinking" title="crosslinking">crosslinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucomannan" title=" glucomannan"> glucomannan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrageenan" title=" carrageenan"> carrageenan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28493/synthesis-of-crosslinked-konjac-glucomannan-and-kappa-carrageenan-film-with-glutaraldehyde" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4824</span> Fabrication of Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers-Reinforced Chitosan-Based Hydrogel for Environmental Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badr%20M.%20Thamer">Badr M. Thamer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of hydrogels as adsorbents for pollutants removal from wastewater is limited due to their high swelling properties and the difficulty in recovering them after the adsorption process. To overcome these problems, a new hydrogel nanocomposite based on chitosan-g-polyacrylic acid/oxidized electrospun carbon nanofibers (CT-g-PAA/O-ECNFs) was prepared by in-situ grafting polymerization process. The prepared hydrogel nanocomposite was used as a novel effective and highly reusable adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from polluted water with low cost. The morphology and the structure of CT-g-PAA/O-ECNFs were investigated by numerous techniques. The effect of incorporating O-ECNFs on the swelling capability of the prepared hydrogel was explored in distillated water and MB solution at normal pH. The effect of parameters including the ratio of O-ECNFs, contact time, pH, initial concentration, and temperature on the adsorption process were explored. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic were studied by numerous non-linear models. The obtained results confirmed that the incorporation of O-ECNFs into the hydrogel network improved its ability towards MB dye removal with decreasing their swelling capacity. The adsorption process depends on the pH value of the dye solution. Additionally, the adsorption and kinetic results were fitted using the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo second order model (PSO), respectively. Moreover, the new adsorbents can be recycled for at least five cycles keeping its adsorption capacity and can be easily recovered without loss in its initial weight. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanofibers" title="carbon nanofibers">carbon nanofibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogels" title=" hydrogels"> hydrogels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142559/fabrication-of-electrospun-carbon-nanofibers-reinforced-chitosan-based-hydrogel-for-environmental-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4823</span> Thermo-Elastic and Self-Healing Polyacrylamide: 2D Polymer Composite Hydrogels for Water Shutoff Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edreese%20H.%20Alsharaeh">Edreese H. Alsharaeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feven%20Mattews%20Michael"> Feven Mattews Michael</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Almohsin"> Ayman Almohsin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Self-healing hydrogels have many advantages since they can resist various types of stresses, including tension, compression, and shear, making them attractive for various applications. In this study, thermo-elastic and self-healing polymer composite hydrogels were prepared from polyacrylamide (PAM) and 2D fillers using in-situ method. In addition, the PAM and fillers were prepared in presence of organic crosslinkers, i.e., hydroquinone (HQ) and hexamethylenediamine (HMT). The swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels was studied by hydrating the dried hydrogels. The thermal and rheological properties of the prepared hydrogels were evaluated before and after swelling study using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetric technique and dynamic mechanical analysis. From the results obtained, incorporating fillers into the PAM matrix enhanced the swelling degree of the hydrogels with satisfactory mechanical properties, attaining up to 77% self-healing efficiency compared to the neat-PAM (i.e., 29%). This, in turn, indicates addition of 2D fillers improved self-healing properties of the polymer hydrogel, thus, making the prepared hydrogels applicable for water shutoff treatments under high temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20hydrogels" title="polymer hydrogels">polymer hydrogels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20fillers" title=" 2D fillers"> 2D fillers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20self-healing%20hydrogels" title=" elastic self-healing hydrogels"> elastic self-healing hydrogels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20shutoff" title=" water shutoff"> water shutoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20properties" title=" swelling properties"> swelling properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110794/thermo-elastic-and-self-healing-polyacrylamide-2d-polymer-composite-hydrogels-for-water-shutoff-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4822</span> Bacterial Cellulose: A New Generation Antimicrobial Wound Dressing Biomaterial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavana%20V.%20Mohite">Bhavana V. Mohite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20V.%20Patil"> Satish V. Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative for plant cellulose (PC) that prevents global warming leads to preservation of nature. Although PC and BC have the same chemical structure, BC is superior with its properties like its size, purity, porosity, degree of polymerization, crystallinity and water holding capacity, thermal stability etc. On this background the present study focus production and applications of BC as antimicrobial wound dressing material. BC was produced by Gluconoacetobacter hansenii (strain NCIM 2529) under shaking condition and statistically enhanced upto 7.2 g/l from 3.0 g/l. BC was analyzed for its physico mechanical, structural and thermal characteristics. BC produced at shaking condition exhibits more suitable properties in support to its high performance applications. The potential of nano silver impregnated BC was determined for sustained release modern antimicrobial wound dressing material by swelling ratio, mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. BC in nanocomposite form with other synthetic polymer like PVA shows improvement in its properties such as swelling ratio (757% to 979%) and sustainable release of antibacterial agent. The high drug loading and release potential of BC was evidenced in support to its nature as antimicrobial wound dressing material. The nontoxic biocompatible nature of BC was confirmed by MTT assay on human epidermal cells with 90% cell viability that allows its application as a regenerative biomaterial. Thus, BC as a promising new generation antimicrobial wound dressing material was projected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agitated%20culture" title="agitated culture">agitated culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymer" title=" biopolymer"> biopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluconoacetobacter%20hansenii" title=" gluconoacetobacter hansenii"> gluconoacetobacter hansenii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40913/bacterial-cellulose-a-new-generation-antimicrobial-wound-dressing-biomaterial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4821</span> Fabrication of Chitosan/Polyacrylonitrile Blend and SEMI-IPN Hydrogel with Epichlorohydrin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Omer%20Aijaz">Muhammad Omer Aijaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Haider"> Sajjad Haider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20S.%20Al%20Mubddal"> Fahad S. Al Mubddal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousef%20Al-Zeghayer"> Yousef Al-Zeghayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waheed%20A.%20Al%20Masry"> Waheed A. Al Masry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is focused on the preparation of chitosan-based blend and Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network (SEMI-IPN) with polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Blend Chitosan/Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hydrogel films were prepared by solution blending and casting technique. Chitosan in the blend was cross-linked with epichlorohydrin (ECH) to prepare SEMI-IPN. The developed Chitosan/PAN blend and SEMI-IPN hydrogels were characterized with SEM, FTIR, TGA, and DSC. The result showed good miscibility between chitosan and PAN, crosslinking of chitosan in the blend, and improved thermal properties for SEMI-IPN. The swelling of the different blended and SEMI-IPN hydrogels samples were examined at room temperature. Blend (C80/P20) sample showed highest swelling (2400%) and fair degree of stability (28%) whereas SEMI-IPN hydrogel exhibited relatively low degree of swelling (244%) and high degree of aqueous stability (85.5%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20hydrogels" title="polymer hydrogels">polymer hydrogels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEMI-IPN" title=" SEMI-IPN"> SEMI-IPN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylonitrile" title=" polyacrylonitrile"> polyacrylonitrile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epichlorohydrin" title=" epichlorohydrin"> epichlorohydrin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3854/fabrication-of-chitosanpolyacrylonitrile-blend-and-semi-ipn-hydrogel-with-epichlorohydrin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4820</span> Effect of Different Parameters on the Swelling Behaviour of Thermo-Responsive Elastomers in a Nematogenic Solvent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouria%20Bouchikhi">Nouria Bouchikhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soufiane%20Bedjaoui"> Soufiane Bedjaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Tewfik%20Bouchaour"> C. Tewfik Bouchaour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamia%20Alachaher%20Bedjaoui"> Lamia Alachaher Bedjaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrich%20Maschke"> Ulrich Maschke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Swelling properties and phase diagrams of binary systems composed of liquid crystalline networks and a low molecular mass liquid crystal (LMWLC) have been investigated. The networks were prepared by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of reactive mixtures including a monomer, a cross-linking agent and a photo-initiator. These networks were prepared using two cross-linking agents: 1,6 hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) and a mesogenic acrylic acid 6-(4’-(6-acryloyloxy-hexyloxy) biphenyl-4-yl oxy) hexyl ester (AHBH). The obtained dry networks were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, and immersed in an excess of a LMWLC solvent 4-cyano-4’-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), forming polymer gels. A detailed study by polarized optical microscopy allowed to determine the swelling degree of the gels and to follow the phase behavior of the solvent inside the polymer matrix in a wide range of temperature. It has been found that the gels undergo a sharp decrease of their swelling degree in response to an infinitesimal change of temperature. This finding adds new and interesting aspects on the actuators applications. We have subsequently explored the effect of different parameters on volume phase transition of these liquid crystalline materials. Such as the cross-linking density (CD), a nature of cross-linking agent and the photo initiator concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-linking%20density" title="cross-linking density">cross-linking density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20crystalline%20elastomers" title=" liquid crystalline elastomers"> liquid crystalline elastomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20diagrams" title=" phase diagrams"> phase diagrams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29741/effect-of-different-parameters-on-the-swelling-behaviour-of-thermo-responsive-elastomers-in-a-nematogenic-solvent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4819</span> Role of Matric Suction in Mechanics behind Swelling Characteristics of Expansive Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saloni%20Pandya">Saloni Pandya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikhil%20Sharma"> Nikhil Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajanta%20Sachan"> Ajanta Sachan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Expansive soils in the unsaturated state are part of vadose zone and encountered in several arid and semi-arid parts of the world. Influence of high temperature, low precipitation and alternate cycles of wetting and drying are responsible for the chemical weathering of rocks, which results in the formation of expansive soils. Shrinkage-swelling (expansive) soils cover a substantial portion of area in India. Damages caused by expansive soils to various geotechnical structures are alarming. Matric suction develops in unsaturated soil due to capillarity and surface tension phenomena. Matric suction influences the geometric arrangement of soil skeleton, which induces the volume change behaviour of expansive soil. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the role of matric suction in the mechanism behind swelling characteristics of expansive soil. Four different soils have been collected from different parts of India for the current research. Soil sample S1, S2, S3 and S4 were collected from Nagpur, Bharuch, Bharuch-Dahej highway and Ahmedabad respectively. DFSI (Differential Free Swell Index) of these soils samples; S1, S2, S3, and S4; were determined to be 134%, 104%, 70% and 30% respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis of samples exhibited that percentage of Montmorillonite mineral present in the soils reduced with the decrease in DFSI. A series of constant volume swell pressure tests and in-contact filter paper tests were performed to evaluate swelling pressure and matric suction of all four soils at 30% saturation and 1.46 g/cc dry density. Results indicated that soils possessing higher DFSI exhibited higher matric suction as compared to lower DFSI expansive soils. Significant influence of matric suction on swelling pressure of expansive soils was observed with varying DFSI values. Higher matric suction of soil might govern the water uptake in the interlayer spaces of Montmorillonite mineral present in expansive soil leading to crystalline swelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20free%20swell%20index" title="differential free swell index">differential free swell index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soils" title=" expansive soils"> expansive soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20pressure" title=" swelling pressure "> swelling pressure </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80602/role-of-matric-suction-in-mechanics-behind-swelling-characteristics-of-expansive-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4818</span> Challenges in Experimental Testing of a Stiff, Overconsolidated Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Konstadinou">Maria Konstadinou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etienne%20Alderlieste"> Etienne Alderlieste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20Peccin%20da%20Silva"> Anderson Peccin da Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Arntz"> Ben Arntz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20van%20der%20Bijl"> Leonard van der Bijl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wouter%20Verschueren"> Wouter Verschueren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The shear strength and compression properties of stiff Boom clay from Belgium at the depth of about 30 m has been investigated by means of cone penetration and laboratory testing. The latter consisted of index classification, constant rate of strain, direct, simple shear, and unconfined compression tests. The Boom clay samples exhibited strong swelling tendencies. The suction pressure was measured via different procedures and has been compared to the expected in-situ stress. The undrained shear strength and OCR profile determined from CPTs is not compatible with the experimental measurements, which gave significantly lower values. The observed response can be attributed to the presence of pre-existing discontinuities, as shown in microscale CT scans of the samples. The results of this study demonstrate that the microstructure of the clay prior to testing has an impact on the mechanical behaviour and can cause inconsistencies in the comparison of the laboratory test results with in-situ data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boom%20clay" title="boom clay">boom clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20testing" title=" laboratory testing"> laboratory testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overconsolidation%20ratio" title=" overconsolidation ratio"> overconsolidation ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-strain%20response" title=" stress-strain response"> stress-strain response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undrained%20shear%20strength" title=" undrained shear strength"> undrained shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144267/challenges-in-experimental-testing-of-a-stiff-overconsolidated-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4817</span> Pilomatrixoma of the Left Infra-Orbital Region in a 9 Year Old</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Shaikh">Zainab Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Miyanji"> Yusuf Miyanji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pilomatrixoma is a benign neoplasm of the hair follicle matrix that is not commonly diagnosed in general practice. This is a case report of a 9-year-old boy who presented with a one-year history of a 19mm x 11 mm swelling in the left infra-orbital region. This was previously undiagnosed in Spain, where the patient resided at the time of initial presentation, due to the language barrier the patient’s family encountered. An ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging gave useful information regarding surrounding structures for complete tumor excision and indicated that the risk of facial nerve palsy is low. The lesion was surgically excised and a definitive diagnosis was made after histopathology. Pilomatrixoma, although not rare in its occurrence, is rarely this large at the time of excision due to early presentation. This case highlights the importance of including pilomatrixoma in the differential diagnosis of dermal and subcutaneous lesions in the head and neck region, as it is often misdiagnosed due to the lack of awareness of its clinical presentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilomatrixoma" title="pilomatrixoma">pilomatrixoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infra-orbital" title=" infra-orbital"> infra-orbital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20swelling" title=" facial swelling"> facial swelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142999/pilomatrixoma-of-the-left-infra-orbital-region-in-a-9-year-old" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4816</span> Design and Development of Sustained Release Floating Tablet of Stavudine </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surajj%20Sarode">Surajj Sarode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Vidya%20Sagar"> G. Vidya Sagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20P.%20Vadnere"> G. P. Vadnere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to prolong the gastric residence time of Stavudine by developing gastric floating drug delivery system (GFDDS). Moreover, to study influence of different polymers on its release rate using gas-forming agents, like sodium bicarbonate, citric acid. Floating tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using PVP K-30 as a binder and the other polymers include Pullulan Gum, HPMC K100M, six different formulations with the varying concentrations of polymers were prepared and the tablets were evaluated in terms of their pre-compression parameters like bulk density, tapped density, Haunsner ratio, angle of repose, compressibility index, post compression physical characteristics, in vitro release, buoyancy, floating lag time (FLT), total floating time (TFT) and swelling index. All the formulations showed good floating lag time i.e. less than 3 mins. The batch containing combination of Pullulan Gum and HPMC 100M (i.e. F-6) showed total floating lag time more than 12 h., the highest swelling index among all the prepared batches. The drug release was found to follow zero order kinetics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suavudine" title="Suavudine">Suavudine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating" title=" floating"> floating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20floating%20time%20%28TFT%29" title=" total floating time (TFT)"> total floating time (TFT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20residence" title=" gastric residence"> gastric residence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13372/design-and-development-of-sustained-release-floating-tablet-of-stavudine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4815</span> Simulation of GAG-Analogue Biomimetics for Intervertebral Disc Repair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dafna%20Knani">Dafna Knani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarit%20S.%20Sivan"> Sarit S. Sivan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aggrecan, one of the main components of the intervertebral disc (IVD), belongs to the family of proteoglycans (PGs) that are composed of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains covalently attached to a core protein. Its primary function is to maintain tissue hydration and hence disc height under the high loads imposed by muscle activity and body weight. Significant PG loss is one of the first indications of disc degeneration. A possible solution to recover disc functions is by injecting a synthetic hydrogel into the joint cavity, hence mimicking the role of PGs. One of the hydrogels proposed is GAG-analogues, based on sulfate-containing polymers, which are responsible for hydration in disc tissue. In the present work, we used molecular dynamics (MD) to study the effect of the hydrogel crosslinking (type and degree) on the swelling behavior of the suggested GAG-analogue biomimetics by calculation of cohesive energy density (CED), solubility parameter, enthalpy of mixing (ΔEmix) and the interactions between the molecules at the pure form and as a mixture with water. The simulation results showed that hydrophobicity plays an important role in the swelling of the hydrogel, as indicated by the linear correlation observed between solubility parameter values of the copolymers and crosslinker weight ratio (w/w); this correlation was found useful in predicting the amount of PEGDA needed for the desirable hydration behavior of (CS)₄-peptide. Enthalpy of mixing calculations showed that all the GAG analogs, (CS)₄ and (CS)₄-peptide are water-soluble; radial distribution function analysis revealed that they form interactions with water molecules, which is important for the hydration process. To conclude, our simulation results, beyond supporting the experimental data, can be used as a useful predictive tool in the future development of biomaterials, such as disc replacement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title="molecular dynamics">molecular dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteoglycans" title=" proteoglycans"> proteoglycans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enthalpy%20of%20mixing" title=" enthalpy of mixing"> enthalpy of mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163566/simulation-of-gag-analogue-biomimetics-for-intervertebral-disc-repair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4814</span> Chemical Amelioration of Expansive Soils </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20R.%20Phanikumar">B. R. Phanikumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Suri"> Sana Suri </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Expansive soils swell when they absorb water and shrink when water evaporates from them. Hence, lightly loaded civil engineering structures found in these soils are subjected to severe distress. Therefore, there is a need to ameliorate or improve these swelling soils through some innovative methods. This paper discusses chemical stabilisation of expansive soils, a technique in which chemical reagents such as lime and calcium chloride are added to expansive soils to reduce the volumetric changes occurring in expansive soils and also to improve their engineering behaviour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soils" title="expansive soils">expansive soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amelioration" title=" amelioration"> amelioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime" title=" lime"> lime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20chloride" title=" calcium chloride"> calcium chloride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2592/chemical-amelioration-of-expansive-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20ratio&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20ratio&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20ratio&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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