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History of the national domains and RNIDS | RNIDS
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class="registration-guide" href="/en/node/3268" target="_blank">Managing domain names</a></li> <li><span style="color: rgb(57, 100, 138); font-weight: bold;">></span> <a href="/en/node/3285" target="_blank">List of accredited registrars</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> <div class='region-header-column-right'> <div class="region region-header-column-right-top"><div class="region-inner clearfix"><div id="block-block-4" class="block block-block no-title odd first last block-count-5 block-region-header-column-right-top block-4" ><div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="block-content content"><div class="social-networks-links" style="display: inline-block;"> <ul> <li class="facebook-social-networks" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/rnids.rs" target="_blank"> </a></li> <li class="instagram-social-networks" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/rnids/" target="_blank"> </a></li> <li class="linkedin-social-networks" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/rnids" target="_blank"> </a></li> <li class="youtube-social-networks" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/rnidsonline" target="_blank"> </a></li> <li class="twitter-social-networks" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="http://www.twitter.com/RNIDS" target="_blank"> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> <div class="region region-header-column-right-bottom"><div class="region-inner clearfix"><div id="block-search-form" class="block block-search no-title odd first block-count-6 block-region-header-column-right-bottom block-form" role="search"><div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="block-content content"><form class="search-form" role="search" action="/en/about-us/history-national-domains-and-rnids" method="post" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="container-inline"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Search form</h2> <div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-search-block-form"> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." class="custom-search-box form-text" placeholder="" type="search" id="edit-search-block-form--2" name="search_block_form" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" /> </div> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input style="display:none;" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-7zuWgUdW6vB6h9RW8cm03Xcr2ovrGWqOR0GACE1SgyQ" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_block_form" /> </div> </div></form></div> </div></div><div id="block-locale-language" class="block block-locale no-title even last block-count-7 block-region-header-column-right-bottom block-language" role="complementary"><div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="block-content content"><ul class="language-switcher-locale-url"><li class="sr first"><a href='/о-нама/историја-националних-домена-и-рнидс-а' class="language-link" hreflang="sr" lang="sr" title="Историја националних домена и РНИДС-а">Ћирилица</a></li> <li class="sr-Latn last"><a href='/lat/o-nama/istorija-nacionalnih-domena-i-rnids-a' class="language-link" hreflang="sr-Latn" lang="sr-Latn" title="Istorija nacionalnih domena i RNIDS-a">Latinica</a></li> </ul></div> </div></div></div></div> </div> </header> <!-- !Navigation --> <div id="menu-bar" class="nav clearfix"><nav id="block-superfish-1" class="block block-superfish mainMenuWrapper no-title menu-wrapper menu-bar-wrapper clearfix odd first block-count-8 block-region-menu-bar block-1" > <ul id="superfish-1" class="menu sf-menu sf-main-menu sf-horizontal sf-style-default sf-total-items-7 sf-parent-items-7 sf-single-items-0"><li id="menu-1237-1" class="active-trail first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-11 sf-parent-children-8 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/en/about-us" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">About us</a><ul><li id="menu-1727-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/en/about-us/principles" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Principles</a><ul><li id="menu-1728-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/principles/mission-and-vision" class="sf-depth-3">Mission and Vision</a></li><li id="menu-1730-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/principles/strategy" class="sf-depth-3">Strategy</a></li><li id="menu-5815-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/principles/quality-policy" class="sf-depth-3">Quality policy</a></li><li id="menu-5824-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/principles/information-security-policy" class="sf-depth-3">Information Security Policy</a></li><li id="menu-1729-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/principles/code-ethics" class="sf-depth-3">Code of Ethics</a></li><li id="menu-1731-1" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/principles/organisational-framework" class="sf-depth-3">Organisational framework</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1732-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-5 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/en/about-us/transparency" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Transparency</a><ul><li id="menu-1733-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/transparency/reporting-policy" class="sf-depth-3">Reporting policy</a></li><li id="menu-2212-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/transparency/procurements" class="sf-depth-3">Procurements</a></li><li id="menu-2215-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/transparency/repository-rnids-documents" class="sf-depth-3">Repository of RNIDS documents</a></li><li id="menu-2218-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/transparency/operations-reports" class="sf-depth-3">Operations reports</a></li><li id="menu-2221-1" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/transparency/financial-documents" class="sf-depth-3">Financial documents</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1734-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/en/about-us/domains-delegated-to-rnids" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Domains delegated to RNIDS</a><ul><li id="menu-3698-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/domains-delegated-to-rnids/serbian-state-support-in-delegation-rs-and-срб-domains" class="sf-depth-3">Serbian state support in the delegation of the .RS and .СРБ domains</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1735-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/en/about-us/social-responsibility" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Social responsibility</a><ul><li id="menu-1736-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/social-responsibility/dids" class="sf-depth-3">DIDS</a></li><li id="menu-1738-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/social-responsibility/education" class="sf-depth-3">Education</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1740-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-7 menuparent"><a href="/en/about-us/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Partnerships and memberships of organisations</a><ul><li id="menu-5129-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/icann" class="sf-depth-3">ICANN</a></li><li id="menu-5127-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/ripe-ncc" class="sf-depth-3">RIPE NCC</a></li><li id="menu-1895-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/centr" class="sf-depth-3">CENTR</a></li><li id="menu-5660-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/aptld" class="sf-depth-3">APTLD</a></li><li id="menu-5662-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/dns-oarc" class="sf-depth-3">DNS‑OARC</a></li><li id="menu-1896-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/other-global-organisations" class="sf-depth-3">Other global organisations</a></li><li id="menu-1897-1" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/organisations-in-serbia" class="sf-depth-3">Organisations in Serbia</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1898-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/en/about-us/internet-governance" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Internet Governance</a><ul><li id="menu-1899-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/internet-governance/global-internet-governance" class="sf-depth-3">Global Internet Governance</a></li><li id="menu-1900-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/internet-governance/internet-governance-in-serbia" class="sf-depth-3">Internet Governance in Serbia</a></li><li id="menu-1902-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/internet-governance/internet-governance-links" class="sf-depth-3">Internet Governance links</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1903-1" class="active-trail middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/en/about-us/history-national-domains-and-rnids" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent active">History of the national domains and RNIDS</a><ul><li id="menu-1904-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/history-national-domains-and-rnids/initiators-rnids" class="sf-depth-3">Initiators of RNIDS</a></li><li id="menu-1907-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/history-national-domains-and-rnids/founders-rnids" class="sf-depth-3">Founders of RNIDS</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1908-1" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/en/about-us/cyber-security" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Cyber‑security</a><ul><li id="menu-5698-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/cyber-security/three-types-domain-protection" class="sf-depth-3">Three types of domain protection</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1910-1" class="middle odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/about-us/visual-standards" class="sf-depth-2">Visual standards</a></li><li id="menu-1911-1" class="middle even sf-item-10 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/about-us/rnids-faq" class="sf-depth-2">RNIDS FAQ</a></li><li id="menu-5865-1" class="last odd sf-item-11 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/about-us/cert" class="sf-depth-2">CERT</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1231-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-6 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/en/organisation" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Organisation</a><ul><li id="menu-1912-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-5 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/en/organisation/conference-co-founders" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Conference of Co‑founders</a><ul><li id="menu-1913-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/conference-co-founders/co-founders-and-authorised-representatives" class="sf-depth-3">Co‑founders and authorised representatives</a></li><li id="menu-1914-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/conference-co-founders/chair-and-deputy-chair" class="sf-depth-3">Chair and deputy Chair</a></li><li id="menu-1915-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/conference-co-founders/previous-chairs-and-deputy-chairs" class="sf-depth-3">Previous Chairs and deputy Chairs</a></li><li id="menu-1916-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/conference-co-founders/becoming-a-co-founder-–-how-and-why" class="sf-depth-3">Becoming a Co‑founder – how and why</a></li><li id="menu-1917-1" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/conference-co-founders/coc-documents" class="sf-depth-3">CoC documents</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1918-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/en/organisation/board-governors" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Board of Governors</a><ul><li id="menu-1919-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/board-governors/bog-members" class="sf-depth-3">BoG members</a></li><li id="menu-1920-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/board-governors/previous-bog-members" class="sf-depth-3">Previous BoG members</a></li><li id="menu-1921-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/board-governors/bog-documents" class="sf-depth-3">BoG documents</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1922-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/en/organisation/director" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Director</a><ul><li id="menu-1924-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/director/previous-directors" class="sf-depth-3">Previous directors</a></li><li id="menu-1925-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/director/director’s-documents" class="sf-depth-3">Director’s documents</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1926-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/organisation/office" class="sf-depth-2">Office</a></li><li id="menu-1929-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/en/organisation/statutory-committee" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Statutory Committee</a><ul><li id="menu-1930-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/statutory-committee/sc-members" class="sf-depth-3">SC members</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1932-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/en/organisation/auditing" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Auditing</a><ul><li id="menu-1933-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/auditing/internal-auditing" class="sf-depth-3">Internal auditing</a></li><li id="menu-1934-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/auditing/external-auditing" class="sf-depth-3">External auditing</a></li><li id="menu-1935-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/auditing/financial-documents" class="sf-depth-3">Financial documents</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1936-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/organisation/complaints-committee" class="sf-depth-2">Complaints Committee</a></li><li id="menu-1937-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/en/organisation/working-groups-and-committees" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Working groups and committees</a><ul><li id="menu-1938-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/working-groups-and-committees/current-working-groups-and-committees" class="sf-depth-3">Current working groups and committees</a></li><li id="menu-1939-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/working-groups-and-committees/previous-working-groups-and-committees" class="sf-depth-3">Previous working groups and committees</a></li><li id="menu-1940-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/working-groups-and-committees/reports-working-groups" class="sf-depth-3">Reports from working groups</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1242-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-5 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/en/domains" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Domains</a><ul><li id="menu-1941-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/domains/what-is-an-internet-domain" class="sf-depth-2">What is an Internet domain?</a></li><li id="menu-1943-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/en/domains/national-domains" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">National domains</a><ul><li id="menu-1944-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/national-domains/registering-national-domains" class="sf-depth-3">Registering national domains</a></li><li id="menu-1945-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/national-domains/managing-domain-names" class="sf-depth-3">Managing domain names</a></li><li id="menu-1946-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/national-domains/registration-fees" class="sf-depth-3">Registration fees</a></li><li id="menu-1947-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/national-domains/reserved-domain-names" class="sf-depth-3">Reserved domain names</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3696-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/en/whois" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Data on registered domains</a><ul><li id="menu-1948-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/data-on-registered-domains/whois-service" class="sf-depth-3">WHOIS service</a></li><li id="menu-1949-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/data-on-registered-domains/registrant-privacy" class="sf-depth-3">Registrant privacy</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1950-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/en/domains/resolution-domain-name-disputes" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Resolution of domain name disputes</a><ul><li id="menu-1951-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/resolution-domain-name-disputes/list-arbiters" class="sf-depth-3">List of arbiters</a></li><li id="menu-1952-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/resolution-domain-name-disputes/decisions" class="sf-depth-3">Decisions</a></li><li id="menu-1953-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/resolution-domain-name-disputes/ongoing-proceedings" class="sf-depth-3">Ongoing proceedings</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1954-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/en/domains/dns-system" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">DNS system</a><ul><li id="menu-5736-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/dns-system/dnssec" title="DNSSEC" class="sf-depth-3">DNSSEC</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1958-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/en/domains/cyrillic-on-internet" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Cyrillic on the Internet</a><ul><li id="menu-1959-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/cyrillic-on-internet/useful-info-on-срб-domain" class="sf-depth-3">Useful info on the .СРБ domain</a></li><li id="menu-1960-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/cyrillic-on-internet/idn-encoder" class="sf-depth-3">IDN encoder</a></li><li id="menu-5712-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/cyrillic-on-internet/cyrillic-url" class="sf-depth-3">Cyrillic URL</a></li><li id="menu-5731-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/cyrillic-on-internet/free-serbian-cyrillic-fonts-0" class="sf-depth-3">Free Serbian Cyrillic Fonts</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-5674-1" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/domains/rs-idn-domain" class="sf-depth-2">The .RS IDN domain</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1244-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/en/registrars" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Registrars</a><ul><li id="menu-1961-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/registrars/how-to-become-an-accredited-registrar" class="sf-depth-2">How to become an accredited registrar</a></li><li id="menu-1962-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/registrars/list-accredited-registrars" class="sf-depth-2">List of accredited registrars</a></li><li id="menu-1963-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/registrars/rnids-fee-schedule" class="sf-depth-2">RNIDS fee schedule</a></li><li id="menu-1964-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/registrars/accredited-registrar-faq" class="sf-depth-2">Accredited registrar FAQ</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1246-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-3 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/en/info" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Info</a><ul><li id="menu-2244-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-5 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/en/info/whats-new" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">What's new?</a><ul><li id="menu-2248-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/whats-new/news" class="sf-depth-3">News</a></li><li id="menu-2255-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/whats-new/international-activities" class="sf-depth-3">International Activities</a></li><li id="menu-2252-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/whats-new/cyrillic-and-internet" class="sf-depth-3">Cyrillic and the Internet</a></li><li id="menu-2267-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/whats-new/internet-governance" class="sf-depth-3">Internet Governance</a></li><li id="menu-2260-1" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/whats-new/ads-tenders-and-open-competitions" class="sf-depth-3">Ads, Tenders and Open Competitions</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2299-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2"><a href="/en/info/media" class="sf-depth-2">Media</a></li><li id="menu-2303-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/en/info/publications" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Publications</a><ul><li id="menu-2305-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/publications/rnids-annual-reports-and-foundation-profile" title="" class="sf-depth-3">RNIDS Annual Reports and Foundation profile</a></li><li id="menu-2306-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/publications/brochures" class="sf-depth-3">Brochures</a></li><li id="menu-2307-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/publications/books" class="sf-depth-3">Books</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2315-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/info/video-streaming" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Video streaming</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1248-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/en/documents-registry-search" title="" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Documents</a><ul><li id="menu-2134-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/documents/key-rnids-enactments" class="sf-depth-2">Key RNIDS enactments</a></li><li id="menu-2138-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/documents/documents-conference-co-founders" class="sf-depth-2">Documents of the Conference of Co‑founders</a></li><li id="menu-2141-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/documents/documents-board-governors" class="sf-depth-2">Documents of the Board of Governors</a></li><li id="menu-4910-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/documents/rnids-annual-reports" class="sf-depth-2">RNIDS Annual Reports</a></li><li id="menu-2162-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/documents/partnership-agreements" class="sf-depth-2">Partnership agreements</a></li><li id="menu-3713-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/documents/documents-on-domain-disputes" class="sf-depth-2">Documents on Domain Disputes</a></li><li id="menu-3742-1" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/en/documents/documents-other-organizations" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Documents of Other Organizations</a><ul><li id="menu-3743-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/documents-other-organizations/documents-icanniana" class="sf-depth-3">Documents of ICANN/IANA</a></li><li id="menu-3744-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/documents-other-organizations/documents-state-autorities" class="sf-depth-3">Documents of State Autorities</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1250-1" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/en/contact" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Contact</a><ul><li id="menu-1965-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/contact/addresses" class="sf-depth-2">Addresses</a></li><li id="menu-1966-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/contact/business-information" class="sf-depth-2">Business information</a></li><li id="menu-1971-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/en/contact/links" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Links</a><ul><li id="menu-1975-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/links/institutions-in-serbia" class="sf-depth-3">Institutions in Serbia</a></li><li id="menu-1976-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/links/institutions-abroad" class="sf-depth-3">Institutions abroad</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1978-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/en/contact/credits" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Credits</a><ul><li id="menu-1979-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/credits/terms-use" class="sf-depth-3">Terms of Use</a></li><li id="menu-1980-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/credits/privacy-policy" class="sf-depth-3">Privacy Policy</a></li><li id="menu-5840-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/credits/cookie-policy" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Cookie Usage Policy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </nav><section id="block-accordion-menu-1" class="block block-accordion-menu menu-wrapper menu-bar-wrapper clearfix even last block-count-9 block-region-menu-bar block-1" > <h2 class="element-invisible block-title">AccordionMenu</h2> <div class="icon-show-accordion-menu"><span class="icon-show-accordion-menu"></span></div><div class="switchers-mobile"><div id="block-locale-language--2" class="block block-locale no-title odd first block-count-10 block-region-header block-language" role="complementary"><div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="block-content content"><ul class="language-switcher-locale-url"><li class="sr first"><a href='/о-нама/историја-националних-домена-и-рнидс-а' class="language-link" hreflang="sr" lang="sr" title="Историја националних домена и РНИДС-а">Ћирилица</a></li> <li class="sr-Latn last"><a href='/lat/o-nama/istorija-nacionalnih-domena-i-rnids-a' class="language-link" hreflang="sr-Latn" lang="sr-Latn" title="Istorija nacionalnih domena i RNIDS-a">Latinica</a></li> </ul></div> </div></div><div id="block-search-search-block" class="block block-search no-title odd first block-count-11 block-region- block-search-block" role="search"><div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="block-content content"><form class="search-form" role="search" action="/en/about-us/history-national-domains-and-rnids" method="post" id="search-block-form--2" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="container-inline"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Search form</h2> <div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-search-block-form"> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." class="custom-search-box form-text" placeholder="" type="search" id="edit-search-block-form--4" name="search_block_form" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" /> </div> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><input style="display:none;" type="submit" id="edit-submit--3" name="op" value="" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-Un_h7CKFnbAhvQoJEYTf64_8vj0cKAWUp59hAk7mdKk" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_block_form" /> </div> </div></form></div> </div></div></div><div class="accordion-menu-wrapper accordion-menu-1 accordion-menu-name-main-menu---mobile-accordion accordion-menu-source-main-menu"> <h3 class="accordion-header accordion-header-1 first has-children active-trail odd menu-mlid-1237"><a href="/en/about-us" class="active-trail accordion-link">About us</a></h3> <div class="accordion-content-1"><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/principles">Principles</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/principles/mission-and-vision">Mission and Vision</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/principles/strategy">Strategy</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/principles/quality-policy">Quality policy</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/principles/information-security-policy">Information Security Policy</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/principles/code-ethics">Code of Ethics</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/principles/organisational-framework">Organisational framework</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/transparency">Transparency</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/transparency/reporting-policy">Reporting policy</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/transparency/procurements">Procurements</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/transparency/repository-rnids-documents">Repository of RNIDS documents</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/transparency/operations-reports">Operations reports</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/transparency/financial-documents">Financial documents</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/domains-delegated-to-rnids">Domains delegated to RNIDS</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/domains-delegated-to-rnids/serbian-state-support-in-delegation-rs-and-срб-domains">Serbian state support in the delegation of the .RS and .СРБ domains</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/social-responsibility">Social responsibility</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/social-responsibility/dids">DIDS</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/social-responsibility/education">Education</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations">Partnerships and memberships of organisations</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/icann">ICANN</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/ripe-ncc">RIPE NCC</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/centr">CENTR</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/aptld">APTLD</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/dns-oarc">DNS‑OARC</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/other-global-organisations">Other global organisations</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/partnerships-and-memberships-organisations/organisations-in-serbia">Organisations in Serbia</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/internet-governance">Internet Governance</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/internet-governance/global-internet-governance">Global Internet Governance</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/internet-governance/internet-governance-in-serbia">Internet Governance in Serbia</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/internet-governance/internet-governance-links">Internet Governance links</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/history-national-domains-and-rnids" class="active">History of the national domains and RNIDS</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/history-national-domains-and-rnids/initiators-rnids">Initiators of RNIDS</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/history-national-domains-and-rnids/founders-rnids">Founders of RNIDS</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/cyber-security">Cyber‑security</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/cyber-security/three-types-domain-protection">Three types of domain protection</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/visual-standards">Visual standards</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/rnids-faq">RNIDS FAQ</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/cert">CERT</a></li> </ul></div> <h3 class="accordion-header accordion-header-2 has-children even menu-mlid-1231"><a href="/en/organisation" class="accordion-link">Organisation</a></h3> <div class="accordion-content-2"><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/organisation/conference-co-founders">Conference of Co‑founders</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/conference-co-founders/co-founders-and-authorised-representatives">Co‑founders and authorised representatives</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/conference-co-founders/chair-and-deputy-chair">Chair and deputy Chair</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/conference-co-founders/previous-chairs-and-deputy-chairs">Previous Chairs and deputy Chairs</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/conference-co-founders/becoming-a-co-founder-–-how-and-why">Becoming a Co‑founder – how and why</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/conference-co-founders/coc-documents">CoC documents</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/organisation/board-governors">Board of Governors</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/board-governors/bog-members">BoG members</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/board-governors/previous-bog-members">Previous BoG members</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/board-governors/bog-documents">BoG documents</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/organisation/director">Director</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/director/previous-directors">Previous directors</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/director/director’s-documents">Director’s documents</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/organisation/office">Office</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/organisation/statutory-committee">Statutory Committee</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/statutory-committee/sc-members">SC members</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/organisation/auditing">Auditing</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/auditing/internal-auditing">Internal auditing</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/auditing/external-auditing">External auditing</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/auditing/financial-documents">Financial documents</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/organisation/complaints-committee">Complaints Committee</a></li> <li class="last expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/organisation/working-groups-and-committees">Working groups and committees</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/working-groups-and-committees/current-working-groups-and-committees">Current working groups and committees</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/working-groups-and-committees/previous-working-groups-and-committees">Previous working groups and committees</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/working-groups-and-committees/reports-working-groups">Reports from working groups</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></div> <h3 class="accordion-header accordion-header-3 has-children odd menu-mlid-1242"><a href="/en/domains" class="accordion-link">Domains</a></h3> <div class="accordion-content-3"><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/domains/what-is-an-internet-domain">What is an Internet domain?</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/domains/national-domains">National domains</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/national-domains/registering-national-domains">Registering national domains</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/national-domains/managing-domain-names">Managing domain names</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/national-domains/registration-fees">Registration fees</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/national-domains/reserved-domain-names">Reserved domain names</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/whois">Data on registered domains</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/data-on-registered-domains/whois-service">WHOIS service</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/data-on-registered-domains/registrant-privacy">Registrant privacy</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/domains/resolution-domain-name-disputes">Resolution of domain name disputes</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/resolution-domain-name-disputes/list-arbiters">List of arbiters</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/resolution-domain-name-disputes/decisions">Decisions</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/resolution-domain-name-disputes/ongoing-proceedings">Ongoing proceedings</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/domains/dns-system">DNS system</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/dns-system/dnssec" title="DNSSEC">DNSSEC</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/domains/cyrillic-on-internet">Cyrillic on the Internet</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/cyrillic-on-internet/useful-info-on-срб-domain">Useful info on the .СРБ domain</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/cyrillic-on-internet/idn-encoder">IDN encoder</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/cyrillic-on-internet/cyrillic-url">Cyrillic URL</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/cyrillic-on-internet/free-serbian-cyrillic-fonts-0">Free Serbian Cyrillic Fonts</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/domains/rs-idn-domain">The .RS IDN domain</a></li> </ul></div> <h3 class="accordion-header accordion-header-4 has-children even menu-mlid-1244"><a href="/en/registrars" class="accordion-link">Registrars</a></h3> <div class="accordion-content-4"><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/registrars/how-to-become-an-accredited-registrar">How to become an accredited registrar</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/registrars/list-accredited-registrars">List of accredited registrars</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/registrars/rnids-fee-schedule">RNIDS fee schedule</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/registrars/accredited-registrar-faq">Accredited registrar FAQ</a></li> </ul></div> <h3 class="accordion-header accordion-header-5 has-children odd menu-mlid-1246"><a href="/en/info" class="accordion-link">Info</a></h3> <div class="accordion-content-5"><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/info/whats-new">What's new?</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/whats-new/news">News</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/whats-new/international-activities">International Activities</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a href="/en/whats-new/cyrillic-and-internet">Cyrillic and the Internet</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-3"><a 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class="accordion-link">Documents</a></h3> <div class="accordion-content-6"><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/documents/key-rnids-enactments">Key RNIDS enactments</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/documents/documents-conference-co-founders">Documents of the Conference of Co‑founders</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/documents/documents-board-governors">Documents of the Board of Governors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/documents/rnids-annual-reports">RNIDS Annual Reports</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/documents/partnership-agreements">Partnership agreements</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/documents/documents-on-domain-disputes">Documents on Domain Disputes</a></li> <li class="last expanded menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/documents/documents-other-organizations">Documents of Other Organizations</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf 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History of the national domains and RNIDS </h1> </header> <!-- !Main Content --> <div id="content" class="region"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system no-title odd first last block-count-12 block-region-content block-main" > <article id="node-3226" class="node node-page article odd node-lang-en node-full clearfix" about="/en/about-us/history-national-domains-and-rnids" typeof="foaf:Document" role="article"> <div class="node-content"> <!-- THIS FILE IS NOT USED AND IS HERE AS A STARTING POINT FOR CUSTOMIZATION ONLY. 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After copying this file to your theme's folder and customizing it, remove this HTML comment. --> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden view-mode-full"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><!--- p><p>Погледајте промо видео: "РНИДС - 10 година", 4:50</p> <div class="basic-page-view-promo-video"> </div> <div class="basic-page-video-wrapper"> <div class="basic-page-video basic-page-promo-video" id="basic-page-video"> <video style="width: 100%;"><source src="/files/RNIDS-video-5godina.mp4" type="video/mp4" /></video> </div> <p>РНИДС - 10 година</p> </div ---> <p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fu12KM8xcM0" width="792"></iframe></p> <h2><strong>Origins of the Serbian Internet</strong></h2> <p>The process of connecting Yugoslavia to the global electronic networks began in the late 1980s. The European Academic Research Network (EARN) was operating in Europe at that time. In <strong>1988</strong>, the Belgrade University Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics<sup>1</sup> suggested that Yugoslav universities join the EARN. Belgrade University became an EARN hub node in <strong>1989</strong>, when the first international academic network connection was set up between Belgrade and Linz. <sup>2</sup></p> <p>Because the simplicity of the TCP/IP family of protocols brought about the rapid development of ARPANET (which later developed into the Internet), the need to establish a “bridge” for exchanging electronic mail and data between the Yugoslav academic network (based on VAX servers connected in a DECnet network and on a X.400 test platform) and ARPANET was soon felt. In order to make this link possible, Yugoslavia on <strong>15<sup>th</sup> June 1989 </strong>got its own top-level domain (TLD) on the Internet – <strong>.YU</strong>.</p> <p>The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia academic network development project functioned as part of the Scientific-Technological Information System (SNTIJ) development project, which was headed by Maribor University and the Jožef Štefan Institute in Ljubljana. These institutions took it upon themselves to establish the first .YU domain registry,<strong> between 1990 and 1991.</strong> <sup>3</sup></p> <p><sup><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/ilustracije/istorija-svi.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;" /> </sup></p> <h2><strong>YU NIC</strong></h2> <p>In <strong>1992</strong>, when the United Nations imposed sanctions on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, international network traffic was halted and the country was formally excluded from international academic exchange. With the disintegration of the country, the SNTIJ project ceased, but the .YU domain registry remained in Slovenia.</p> <p>After Slovenia acquired its own ccTLD (.si), members of the SNTIJ Commission in Serbia wrote to their colleagues in Ljubljana asking that they transfer responsibility for the .YU registry to them.</p> <p>After receiving no reply for several months, Mrs Mirjana Tasić of the Belgrade University Natural Sciences and Mathematics Faculty turned to the international and European institutions which managed the primary Internet services for help. Letters were sent to Jon Postel of IANA (the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) and colleagues at the RIPE (Réseaux IP Européens) organisation. Correspondence continued until the spring of <strong>1994</strong>, when Jon Postel finally ruled in favour of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The management of the .YU ccTLD registry was from then on entrusted to Mrs Mirjana Tasić and a group of enthusiasts from Belgrade University (Dr Đorđe Paunović from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Dr Božidar Radenković of the Faculty of Organisational Sciences, Berislav Todorović and Nenad Krajnović of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and others), who operated under the name YU NIC – the Yugoslav Network Information Centre.</p> <p>Installing the first primary DNS servers for the .YU ccTLD was no simple affair since Yugoslavia was under sanctions and foreign companies were prohibited from forming any kind of ties with Yugoslav companies and academic institutions. At the request of YU NIC and thanks to the good will of the staff at the Internet provider MCS.com, the .YU domain was hosted outside the country on the condition that MCS not be responsible for maintaining the registry of Yugoslav domain names.</p> <p>In order to overcome this limitation, the decision was taken to create the second-level domains .CO.YU and AC.YU, and direct them towards other Internet servers whose administrators would be willing to maintain the registries for these domains.<sup> 4</sup></p> <p>This setup operated until <strong>1995</strong>, when international telecommunications links were once again established. The primary DNS server for the .YU ccTLD was then moved to the servers of EUnet in the Netherlands, and then not long afterwards to the servers of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and the Faculty of Organisational Sciences in Belgrade. The country code top-level .YU domain was located on the servers of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering until its shutdown in March 2010.</p> <p>As may be inferred from the story of the struggle to assume responsibility for the .YU domain, government institutions showed no particular interest in supporting the efforts of the YU NIC enthusiasts during the 1990s. The minimum financial support necessary for the group to operate dried up in 1995, meaning YU NIC had to adapt to a temporary situation which, as it turned out, became a permanent state of affairs. <sup>5</sup></p> <p>The first consequence of this was that the registration of .YU domains was limited to legal entities only (companies, sole traders, civil associations, political parties, etc.). Additionally, each entity was limited to owning just one domain. YU NIC compensated for these limitations to some extent by waiving fees for registering domain names.</p> <p>Because of the way the organisation operated at the time, the rapid growth of the Internet in the country overwhelmed YU NIC to breaking-point. In spite of all the limitations, the number of domain name registration applications climbed to more than 200 a day, and the waiting period for domain names to be activated was dragged out to an average of 20 days.</p> <p><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/ilustracije/istorija-11.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;" /></p> <h2><strong>Reform initiatives</strong></h2> <p>From 2000 onwards, multiple initiatives were launched, aimed at reforming the way YU NIC operated. In mid-<strong>2001</strong> a working group was formed within the Federal Information Technology Institute which drafted new <a href="/files/O-nama/yuNIC-yuTLD.pdf" target="_blank">Rules of Procedure for the registration of .YU domain names and a new YU NIC Statute</a> (PDF, 423 KB), and also the <a href="/files/O-nama/Dankov_papir-za_unapredjenje_YU_Interneta.pdf" target="_blank">Proposal for the improvement of the Internet in Serbia and Yugoslavia</a> (PDF, 132 KB).</p> <p>In late <strong>2002</strong> a working group within the National Information Technology and Internet Agency drew up a second draft of the Rules of Procedure for the registration of .YU domain names and a draft Agreement on the registration of domains. <sup>6</sup></p> <p>At the initiative of Mrs Mirjana Tasić, an ad hoc working group was formed in early <strong>2005</strong> to prepare the founding memoranda of an organisation which would take over the management of the .YU domain registry. In addition to the current administrators of the .YU registry, the group comprised representatives from local Internet providers, Telekom Serbia, the Ministry of Science and Environmental Protection, non-governmental organisations and others. This group drafted the Statute of the Serbian National Internet Domain Name Registry (RNIDS). A public debate was held on the RNIDS Statute on the Elitesecurity Forum, which lasted from 20<sup>th</sup> March to 3<sup>rd</sup> April <strong>2006</strong>. <sup>7</sup></p> <p>At that time, all the working groups and the Internet community at large agreed that at a minimum it was necessary to secure:</p> <ul> <li>the founding of a not-for-profit organisation which would operate in the common interest (RNIDS would support itself from the registration fees paid to enter domain names in the central registry database)</li> <li>the representation of all relevant stakeholders in the process of establishing and adopting the organisation’s policies</li> <li>the registration of domains according to the registry-registrar model (RNIDS would maintain the central domain registry database, while accredited registrars would enter domains into the RNIDS registry at the request of end users)</li> <li>the removal of existing limitations on registering domain names (citizens and organisations would be able to register an unlimited number of domain names)</li> <li>the establishment of fair mediation rules for resolving disputes concerning domain names</li> </ul> <p><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/ilustracije/istorija-12.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;" /></p> <h2><strong>Founding of RNIDS</strong></h2> <p>In late May <strong>2006</strong> the working group finalised the text of the draft RNIDS Statute, and the new organisation’s Founding Assembly was held on <strong>8<sup>th</sup> July 2006</strong>, with 34 companies and organisations taking part. The RNIDS Board of Governors was elected, which was to work towards establishing the organisational, technical and financial preconditions for the responsible and reliable maintenance of the central .YU domain registry. The process of agreeing on the transfer of responsibility between NIC, the government, ICANN and RNIDS was completed.</p> <p>The RNIDS Founding Agreement was signed on 18<sup>th</sup> December 2006 by 17 companies and organisations who in doing so gained the status of founding member. On <strong>12<sup>th</sup> February 2007</strong>, RNIDS was registered as a Fund with the Ministry of Culture and officially began operating.</p> <p>On <strong>11<sup>th</sup> September 2007</strong>, based on support from the Government of the Republic of Serbia and from the Serbian Internet community, ICANN took the decision to entrust RNIDS with the management of the existing .YU registry and the future registry of the country code top-level Internet domains of the Republic of Serbia. The .RS domain became accessible on the Internet on <strong>25<sup>th</sup> September 2007</strong>.</p> <p><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/ilustracije/istorija-13.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;" /></p> <p>An agreement on the transition of domain names and second-level domains registered under .YU to the .RS and .me domains was signed with the Montenegrin registry during 2007.</p> <h2><strong>Launch of the .RS domain</strong></h2> <p>At midday on <strong>10<sup>th</sup> March 2008</strong>, twenty-seven firms accredited to register .RS domains simultaneously began the official registration of .RS domain names. The first day saw 7000 domains registered.</p> <p>For the next six months, until 10<sup>th</sup> September, the owners of old .YU domain names had the right to register the same domain name with the .RS extension. There were approximately 40,000 old .YU domain names, of which around half were active. In order to ease the transition, RNIDS founded the Commission for Transition which resolved issues surrounding the registration of domains in transition in cases where the .YU domain name registrant was no longer an active legal entity.</p> <p>On <strong>15<sup>th</sup> September 2008</strong>, all domain names in the .YU registry which had not been reregistered as .RS domain names were made freely available for purchase. 19,372 .YU domain names were reregistered as .RS domain names.</p> <p>The management of the second-level domain .AC.RS was transferred to the Conference of Universities and was made available for use by accredited higher education facilities – faculties and institutes. The management of the second-level domain .GOV.RS, intended for the state bodies of the Republic of Serbia, was transferred to the Administration of the Joint Services of Republic Bodies.</p> <p>At the 37<sup>th</sup> General Assembly of CENTR (Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries) held on <strong>3<sup>rd</sup> October 2008</strong>, RNIDS was made a full member of the organisation.</p> <p>The registration period for old .YU domains was extended as of 3<sup>rd</sup> November 2008. All .YU domains which had not been renewed by 30<sup>th</sup> April 2009 were permanently deleted from the registry on 4<sup>th</sup> May 2009. The initial plan was for the .YU domain registry to be permanently shut down on 30<sup>th</sup> September 2009, but the deadline was moved back by decision of ICANN until <strong>30<sup>th</sup> March 2010</strong>.</p> <p>Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) are domains that can contain letters in their name that are not limited to the English alphabet (i.e. the ASCII character set). As of December 10<sup>th</sup> 2018 the registration of .RS domain names with <a href="https://www.rnids.rs/files/Domeni/IDN-Table-RS.pdf">extended Latin character set</a> was enabled for the following languages: Serbian, Albanian, Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Montenegrin, Polish, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene and Vlach. Therefore .RS domain became IDN. During the initial registration period .RS IDN domains could be registered only by registrants of existing .RS domains. At noon on March 5<sup>th</sup> 2019 unrestricted registrations of .RS IDNs begun.</p> <p><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/images/ilustracije/istorija-15.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;" /></p> <h2><strong>Launch of the .СРБ domain</strong></h2> <p>In early <strong>2010</strong> RNIDS began the procedure to introduce an internationalised country code top-level domain (IDN ccTLD) in the Serbian language and the Cyrillic script.</p> <p>On <strong>8<sup>th</sup> November 2010</strong>, ICANN accepted RNIDS’ proposal for .СРБ to become the Cyrillic domain of Serbia and assigned this designation to our country as the second country-code top-level Internet domain.</p> <p>The Cyrillic domain .СРБ became accessible on the Internet on <strong>3<sup>rd</sup> May 2011</strong>. On <strong>11<sup>th</sup> May 2011</strong>, the new official RNIDS website went live at the address рнидс.срб, thus becoming the first local website to use the new top-level Cyrillic domain.</p> <p>Enactments governing the registration of .СРБ domain names were approved at the RNIDS Assembly meeting on <strong>28<sup>th</sup> May 2011</strong>, as was the Statute under which RNIDS became a Foundation, as required by law, and the Assembly was renamed the Conference of Co-founders.</p> <p style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:18.0pt;margin-left:<br /> 0cm;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: "Roboto Light";" xml:lang="EN-GB">The registration of .СРБ domain begun on January 27th 2012. Existing .<span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">RS domain registrants had six months’ priority registration rights for .СРБ domains, at a special price of 1 dinar until<strong> August 1st 2012</strong> at midday when .СРБ domain was opened up for unrestricted registrations.</span><p></p></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: "Roboto Light"; background: white;" xml:lang="EN-GB">As of March 5th 2019 registration of domain names with .СРБ domain is enabled for the <a href="https://www.rnids.rs/files/Domeni/IDN-Table-SRB.pdf">broader set of Cyrillic characters</a>, which incorporates letters from Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Ruthenian, Ukrainian and Vlach languages.</span></p> <h4>DOWNLOAD:</h4> <p> </p> <p>Download the presentation <a download="" href="/files/Prica-o-tri-domena.pps">"A Tale of Three Domains"</a> by Mirjana Tasić<span class="pps-extention"> (2,16 MB)</span></p> <p> </p> <p>---</p> <p><strong>Footnotes:</strong></p> <p>1. Today these are the separate Faculty of Mathematics and the Faculty of Chemistry of Belgrade University.</p> <p>2. This link was initially 4800 bit/s, and was later doubled to 9600 bit/s.</p> <p>3. The first official administrator of the .YU TLD was the YUNAC Association, registered at the University of Maribor.</p> <p>4. The initial establishment of the .YU domain registry was strongly backed by the Serbian scientific diaspora – professors, researchers and PhD students at various universities around the world, who at the time agreed to administer the second-level domains within the .YU TLD.</p> <p>5. Emergency expenses, such as faults with computer and network equipment needed for the operation of the registry were mainly covered by the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and the Faculty of Organisational Sciences in Belgrade.</p> <p>6. Posts from the Internodium list can be found archived at: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071020001535/http://www.internodium.org/node/1824" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071020001535/http://www.internodium.org/node/1824</a></p> <p>7. <a href="http://www.elitesecurity.org/forum/230" target="_blank">www.elitesecurity.org/forum/230</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <span property="dc:title" content="History of the national domains and RNIDS" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span></article> </div><noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=458920304461034&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /></noscript> </div> <div id = 'column_center' style = 'display: block;'> <!-- !Column Left --> <!-- !Column Right --> </div> </section><!-- /end #main-content --> </div><!-- /end .content-inner --> </main><!-- /end #content-column --> <!-- !Sidebar Regions --> <div class="region region-sidebar-first sidebar"><div class="region-inner clearfix"><nav id="block-menu-block-1" class="block block-menu-block no-title odd first last block-count-13 block-region-sidebar-first block-1" role="navigation"><div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="block-content content"><div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first expanded active-trail menu-mlid-1237 menu-depth-1"><a href="/en/about-us" class="active-trail">About us</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1727 menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/principles">Principles</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-1732 menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/transparency">Transparency</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-1734 menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/domains-delegated-to-rnids">Domains delegated to RNIDS</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-1735 menu-depth-2"><a href="/en/about-us/social-responsibility">Social responsibility</a></li> <li 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