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Dd('destoon_search').action = DTPath+'api/search.php'; Dd('destoon_moduleid').value = mid; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { var menu = document.getElementById(name + i); var cont = document.getElementById("con_" + name + "_" + i); menu.className = i == curr ? 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jiathis_txt jiathis_separator jtico jtico_jiathis" target="_blank"></a> <a class="jiathis_counter_style"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript" > var jiathis_config={ summary:"", shortUrl:false, hideMore:false } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://v3.jiathis.com/code/jia.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <!-- JiaThis Button END --> </div> <div class="huifu"></div> </div> <div class="mess_text"> <div class="content" id="article"><div> 2019年,国家标准化委员会出台了新的单元机能效国家标准GB19576-2019《单元式空气调节机能效限定值及能效等级》,当时规定新国标自2020年5月1日起实施。然而由于2020年上半年疫情影响,经研究决定将单元机新国标延期至2020年11月1日起正式实施。这也意味着老国标退出历史舞台的同时,单元机能效水平将再上新的台阶。</div> <div> </div> <div> 据了解,新国标将取代GB19576-2004《单元式空气调节机能效限定值及能效等级》,与老国标相比,新国标主要修订了4个方面的内容,包括将评价体系改为APF评价体系、涵盖定速产品和变频产品、针对有风管机型的能效单独形成标准,以及适用产品增加了水冷机、计算机机房空调、数据处理机房空调、恒温恒湿机等。</div> <div> </div> <div> 新国标最明显的变化是,单元机产品的能效要求将更加严格,新国标可以全面反映制冷、制热全季节过程中产品的能效,对于整个单元机能效水平的提高有积极的推进作用。同时,新国标将原本5级对能效等级修订为3级,规定单元机的APF必须高于2.7才能准入市场。这将对定频单元机产品造成重大影响,即便是原本变频三级能效产品也将被列为非节能产品。据估算,如果按照新国标能效标准,单元机产品的节能效果至少能提升30%左右。</div> <div> </div> <div> 事实上,对于新的单元机能效标准,大部分中央空调企业早已厉兵秣马,尽管新国标的实施将给中央空调企业带来更为严苛的技术挑战和市场竞争。部分企业早在2019年底就已经上线新国标的单元机产品。即便是因为疫情的影响新国标被推迟至11月1日实施,大部分中央空调企业也基本在2020年第三季度就已经完成了新老产品的切换。</div> <div> </div> <div> 根据诸多单元机产品权重较大的企业向艾肯空调制冷网的反馈,新国标的实施加速了它们淘汰定频单元机产品的步伐。在新国标实施之前,单元机中变频产品的比例一直未能超过50%,而新国标的实施有望助力中央空调企业逐步淘汰定频单元机产品。根据艾肯空调制冷网采集的一手资料,日系企业已经基本将单元机产品转换为变频,仅留少量定频产品;而国产企业则仍然保留了接近一半比例的定频产品,并将在未来一段时间内逐步转换为变频产品。</div> <div> </div> <div> “这是好事,避免市场劣币驱逐良币。”某中央空调企业负责人向艾肯空调制冷网表示。原本的单元机市场中,由于能效标准较低,单元机产品的竞争已经逐步转变为产品价格的竞争,在工程市场尤其如此。低价中标严重阻碍了单元机产品的技术创新和发展。而新国标的实施将提高单元机行业的准入门槛,避免各品牌之间单纯的价格比拼,促进单元机行业的健康可持续发展。</div> <div> </div> <div> 然而,在单元机新国标姗姗来迟的同时,单元机市场却在2020年遇到了有可能是其有数据统计以来最大幅度的下滑。据艾肯空调制冷网统计,2020年上半年单元机市场的下滑幅度接近20%,成为整个中央空调市场中下滑幅度较大的产品品类之一。</div> <div> </div> <div> 可以说,单元机产品是2020年受到疫情影响最大的中央空调主机产品。在家装零售领域,由于最近两年家装零售市场出现的较大幅度的下滑和疫情之下的雪上加霜,使得家装零售市场中的单元机产品出现下滑;与此同时,在疫情影响下,消费者在家用多联机产品或者是家用壁挂机产品中的两种极端选择,造成了单元机产品目前的尴尬局面。</div> <div> </div> <div> 在工程项目领域,单元机产品同样遭遇困境。在疫情影响下,餐饮、娱乐、文化、旅游等行业受到严重影响,而这些行业都是单元机产品销售较为集中的行业。2020年,工程项目领域的工业市场和政府投资的相关市场基本不受疫情影响,而单元机由于产品特性基本参与不了这些市场的竞争,从而造成了其在家装零售市场和工程项目市场的双重窘境。有中央空调企业负责人向艾肯空调制冷网表示,他们仅在高静压风管机产品上维持跟去年同期的销售额水平。</div> <div> </div> <div> 尽管如此,单元机仍然是国内中央空调行业除多联机之外权重最大的产品,根据艾肯空调制冷网的统计,2019年单元机产品的市场份额超过220亿元。随着市场份额的逐年扩大,中央空调企业在单元机领域的升级和创新也并未停止,变频化、市场细分化、更静音、更舒适、更智能化的技术被应用于单元机产品力的提升中,八面出风的天花机、圆形的天花机、能智能感应人的天花机、带净化功能的风管机等产品使得单元机市场百花齐放。</div> <div> </div> <div> 但是,需要指出的是,即便是在单元机能效新国标推出之后,价格仍将是甲方或者消费者选择单元机产品的决定性因素,性价比更高的国产品牌仍将主导单元机市场。2020年,尽管中央空调市场遭遇下滑,但包括单元机产品在内的原材料价格仍然大幅上涨,尤其是铜,3月份至今的半年多时间里铜价涨幅已超60%。成本的激增或将导致单元机行业的洗牌,淘汰一比分缺乏市场竞争力的品牌。</div> <div> </div> <div> 国内中央空调行业发展至今,其市场规模已经趋于稳定。基于单元机产品行业应用的多样性和普遍性,单元机市场在短暂下滑后也将趋于稳定。新国标尽管姗姗来迟,但对于激活目前可谓是居于红海的单元机市场却是一针强心剂,它将带领单元机行业走出低价竞争的泥潭,迎来更加节能、更加环保、更加多样化的未来。</div></div> </div> <div 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