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Aiken – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="George D. Aiken" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A2%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%86" title="جورج آيكن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج آيكن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="George Aiken" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="George Aiken" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="George Aiken" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="George Aiken" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Aiken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q116751#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/George_Aiken" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1892–1984)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the playwright, see <a href="/wiki/George_Aiken_(playwright)" title="George Aiken (playwright)">George Aiken (playwright)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Senator Aiken" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Senator_Aiken_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Senator Aiken (disambiguation)">Senator Aiken (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">George Aiken</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeAiken-VTSEN-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/GeorgeAiken-VTSEN-.jpg/220px-GeorgeAiken-VTSEN-.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/GeorgeAiken-VTSEN-.jpg/330px-GeorgeAiken-VTSEN-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/GeorgeAiken-VTSEN-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1940s</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 10, 1941 – January 3, 1975</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson_Jr." title="Ernest W. Gibson Jr.">Ernest W. Gibson Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">64th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">Governor of Vermont</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 7, 1937 – January 9, 1941</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of Vermont">Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data">William H. Wills</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manley_Smith" title="Charles Manley Smith">Charles Manley Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Wills_(politician)" title="William Henry Wills (politician)">William H. Wills</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">60th <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of Vermont">Lieutenant Governor of Vermont</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 9, 1935 – January 7, 1937</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data">Charles Manley Smith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Charles Manley Smith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Wills_(politician)" title="William Henry Wills (politician)">William H. Wills</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">77th <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Vermont_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives">Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 4, 1933 – January 8, 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Deavitt" title="Edward H. Deavitt">Edward H. Deavitt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_E._Moore" title="Ernest E. Moore">Ernest E. Moore</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Putney,_Vermont" title="Putney, Vermont">Putney</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 7, 1931 – January 7, 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Robert Goodyear Loomis</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William Hinds Darrow</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">George David Aiken</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1892-08-20</span>)</span>August 20, 1892<br /><a href="/wiki/Dummerston,_Vermont" title="Dummerston, Vermont">Dummerston, Vermont</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 19, 1984<span style="display:none">(1984-11-19)</span> (aged 92)<br /><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier, Vermont</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Mount Pleasant Cemetery<br /><a href="/wiki/Putney,_Vermont" title="Putney, Vermont">Putney, Vermont</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Beatrice Howard</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1914; died 1966)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Lola Pierotti</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1967)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Farmer<br />Horticulturist<br />Author</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George David Aiken</b> (August 20, 1892 – November 19, 1984) was an American politician and horticulturist. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, he was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Vermont">64th governor of Vermont</a> (1937–1941) before serving in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> for 34 years, from 1941 to 1975. At the time of his retirement, he was the <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">most senior member of the Senate</a>, a feat which would be repeated by his immediate successor <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a>. </p><p>As governor, Aiken battled the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> over its programs for hydroelectric power and flood control in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a Northeastern Republican in the Senate, he was one of four Republican cosponsors of the <a href="/wiki/Full_Employment_Act_of_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Full Employment Act of 1946">Full Employment Act of 1946</a>. Aiken sponsored the food allotment bill of 1945, which was a forerunner of the food stamp program. He promoted federal aid to education and sought to establish a minimum wage of 65 cents in 1947. Aiken was an isolationist in 1941 but supported the <a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a> in 1947 and the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> in 1948. </p><p>In the 1960s and 1970s, he steered a middle course on the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, opposing <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a>'s escalation and supporting <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>'s slow withdrawal policies. Aiken was a strong supporter of the small farmer. As acting chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee in 1947, he opposed high rigid price supports. He had to compromise, however, and the Hope-Aiken Act of 1948 introduced a sliding scale of price supports. In 1950, Aiken was one of seven Republican senators who denounced in writing the tactics of Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>, warning against those who sought "victory through the selfish political exploitation of fear, bigotry, ignorance and intolerance."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Aiken&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>George David Aiken was born in <a href="/wiki/Dummerston,_Vermont" title="Dummerston, Vermont">Dummerston, Vermont</a>, to Edward Webster and Myra (née Cook) Aiken.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1893, he and his parents moved to <a href="/wiki/Putney,_Vermont" title="Putney, Vermont">Putney</a>, where his parents grew fruits and vegetables and his father served in local offices including school board member, <a href="/wiki/Board_of_selectmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of selectmen">select board member</a>, and member of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aiken received his early education in the public schools of Putney, and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Brattleboro_Union_High_School" title="Brattleboro Union High School">Brattleboro High School</a> in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aiken developed a strong interest in agriculture at an early age, and became a member of the Putney branch of the <a href="/wiki/The_National_Grange_of_the_Order_of_Patrons_of_Husbandry" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry">Grange</a> in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-current_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, he borrowed $100 to plant a patch of <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberries</a>; within five years, his plantings grew to five hundred acres and included a <a href="/wiki/Plant_nursery" title="Plant nursery">nursery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1913 to 1917, Aiken grew small fruits in Putney with <a href="/wiki/George_M._Darrow" title="George M. Darrow">George M. Darrow</a> as "Darrow & Aiken." In 1926, Aiken became engaged in the commercial cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Wildflower" title="Wildflower">wildflowers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-putney_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-putney-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He published <i>Pioneering With Wildflowers</i> in 1933 and <i>Pioneering With Fruits and Berries</i> in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-putney_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-putney-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as president of the Vermont Horticultural Society (1917–1918) and of the <a href="/wiki/Windham_County,_Vermont" title="Windham County, Vermont">Windham County</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Farm_Bureau_Federation" title="American Farm Bureau Federation">Farm Bureau</a> (1935–1936).<sup id="cite_ref-current_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1914, Aiken married Beatrice Howard, to whom he remained married until her death in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-uvm_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uvm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had three daughters, Dorothy Howard, Marjorie Evelyn (who married <a href="/wiki/Harry_Cleverly" title="Harry Cleverly">Harry Cleverly</a>), and Barbara Marion; and one son, Howard Russell.<sup id="cite_ref-putney_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-putney-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967 Aiken married his longtime administrative assistant, Lola Pierotti.<sup id="cite_ref-uvm_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uvm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lola Aiken remained active in Republican politics until her death in 2014 at age 102.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Aiken&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aiken served as a school board member in Putney from 1920 to 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-congress_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, he unsuccessfully ran for the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a> in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-current_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1930, he ran successfully. He was reelected in 1932 and served from 1931 to 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-congress_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a state representative, he became known for his opposition to private power companies over the issue of dam construction.<sup id="cite_ref-uvm_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uvm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aiken was elected as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Vermont_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> in 1933, over the opposition of the Republican establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-putney_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-putney-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Speaker, he shepherded the passage of the Poor Debtor Law, which protected people who could not pay their obligations during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-putney_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-putney-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, Aiken won election as <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Vermont" title="List of lieutenant governors of Vermont">Lieutenant Governor of Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-congress_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his 1935 to 1937 term, Democrats had achieved more representation in the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Senate" title="Vermont Senate">Vermont Senate</a> than they had previously, though with only seven senators as compared to 23 Republicans, they were still heavily in the minority.<sup id="cite_ref-Braley_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braley-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aiken used his position on the senate's Committee on Committees — the lieutenant governor, <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Vermont_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate">President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate</a>, and a senator elected by the rest of the body — to ensure that Democrats were fairly represented on the senate's committees.<sup id="cite_ref-Braley_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braley-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of Aiken's initiative, Democrats were represented on almost every committee, and constituted a majority on two.<sup id="cite_ref-Braley_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braley-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Aiken ensured that Elsie C. Smith, the state senate's only female member, was fairly considered with respect to committee assignments; in fact, Senator Smith was appointed to more committees than any of her peers.<sup id="cite_ref-Braley_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braley-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor_of_Vermont">Governor of Vermont</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Aiken&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governor of Vermont"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1936, Aiken won election as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">governor</a>, serving from 1937 to 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-current_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aiken earned a reputation as a moderate to liberal Republican, supporting many aspects of the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>, but opposing its flood control and land policies.<sup id="cite_ref-uvm_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uvm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his second term the governor launched attacks on electric utility companies, and sponsored a bill that made the Public Service Commission independent of the utilities for technical advice. To continue the effort to form a consumer-oriented PSC, he named the former head of the Vermont Farm Bureau as its chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When only Vermont and Maine voted Republican in the 1936 presidential election, Aiken thought he was in a good position to exert national leadership in the GOP. He issued manifestos calling for a more liberal approach and sought national support. He wrote an open letter to the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a> in 1937 criticizing the party and claimed <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> "would be ashamed of his party's leadership today" during a 1938 <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Day">Lincoln Day</a> address.<sup id="cite_ref-current_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940 presidential campaign</a>, however, conservative Republicans favored Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert Taft</a> of Ohio, liberals were behind <a href="/wiki/New_York_County_District_Attorney" title="New York County District Attorney">New York County District Attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dewey" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Dewey">Thomas Dewey</a>, and the media was enthusiastic for Wall Street tycoon <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a>, so Aiken's nascent campaign went nowhere.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his administration, Aiken reduced the state's debt, instituted a "<a href="/wiki/PAYGO" title="PAYGO">pay-as-you-go</a>" road-building program, and convinced the federal government to abandon its plan to control the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a> Valley flood reduction projects.<sup id="cite_ref-current_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also broke the <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopolies</a> of many major industries, including banks, railroads, marble companies, and <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> companies.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also encouraged suffering farmers in rural Vermont to form <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">co-ops</a> to market their crops and get access to electricity. </p><p>He portrayed himself in populist terms as the defender of farmers and "common folk" against the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_political_families_(P)#The_Proctors" title="List of United States political families (P)">Proctor family</a> and other members of the conservative Republican establishment, and with <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Willard_Gibson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Willard Gibson">Ernest W. Gibson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson_Jr." title="Ernest W. Gibson Jr.">Ernest W. Gibson Jr.</a> became recognized as a leader of Vermont's progressive Republicans, which came to be known as the party's Aiken-Gibson Wing. Aiken was also an opponent of the policies of Vermont's large utilities and railroads; when Aiken ran for the U.S. Senate in 1940, the pro-business wing of the party endorsed <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Flanders" title="Ralph Flanders">Ralph Flanders</a>. Aiken defeated Flanders in the GOP Senate primary in 1940 and was easily elected that fall to complete the remainder of Gibson's term. He served until 1975, and was always reelected by large majorities.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senate">U.S. Senate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Aiken&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: U.S. Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Aiken_(R-VT).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/George_Aiken_%28R-VT%29.jpg/220px-George_Aiken_%28R-VT%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/George_Aiken_%28R-VT%29.jpg/330px-George_Aiken_%28R-VT%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/George_Aiken_%28R-VT%29.jpg/440px-George_Aiken_%28R-VT%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Senator Aiken in 1974</figcaption></figure> <p>Senator <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Willard_Gibson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Willard Gibson">Ernest Willard Gibson</a> died on June 20, 1940; on June 24, 1940, Aiken appointed <a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson_Jr." title="Ernest W. Gibson Jr.">Ernest W. Gibson Jr.</a> to fill the vacancy pending a special election for the four years remaining on the senior Gibson's term. The younger Gibson served as a <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government#Caretakers" title="Caretaker government">caretaker</a> Senator until January 3, 1941, but did not run in the election to fill the vacancy. He was succeeded by Aiken, who won the special election. Political observers assumed that the younger Gibson accepted the temporary appointment to facilitate Aiken's election; knowing that Aiken desired to become a senator, he accepted the appointment and agreed not to run in a primary against Aiken, which another appointee might have done. Ernest Gibson Jr. was willing to fill the vacancy temporarily and then defer to Aiken because Gibson hoped to serve as governor.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aiken was elected on November 5, 1940, and took his seat in January, 1941. He was re-elected in 1944, 1950, 1956, 1962, and 1968. During his time in the Senate, he served in a number of leadership roles including chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Expenditures_in_Executive_Departments" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments">Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments</a> in the <a href="/wiki/80th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="80th Congress">80th Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Committee on Agriculture and Forestry</a> in the <a href="/wiki/83rd_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="83rd Congress">83rd Congress</a>. </p><p>He was a proponent of many spending programs such as <a href="/wiki/Food_Stamps" class="mw-redirect" title="Food Stamps">Food Stamps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Works">public works projects</a> for rural America, such as <a href="/wiki/Rural_electrification" title="Rural electrification">rural electrification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flood_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood control">flood control</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crop_insurance" title="Crop insurance">crop insurance</a>. He also had a great affection for the natural beauty of his home state, saying "some folks just naturally love the mountains, and like to live up among them where freedom of thought and action is logical and inherent."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His views were at odds with those of many <a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Guard Republicans</a> in the Senate. </p><p>The role of labor unions, or more exactly the federal role in balancing the rights of labor and management, was a central issue in the 1940s. Aiken stood midway between the pro-union Democrats and the pro-management Republicans. He favored settling labor disputes by negotiation, not in Congress and courts. He voted against the stringent Case labor bill promoted by conservative Republicans. They in turn blocked Aiken's appointment to the Labor and Public Welfare Committee and persuaded conservative leader <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a> to chair it. Aiken spoke out in favor of unions but voted for Taft's <a href="/wiki/Taft_Hartley_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Taft Hartley Act">Taft Hartley Act</a> of 1947, and for overriding President Truman's veto. He argued that it was a lesser evil than the Case bill.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aiken voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Acts of 1957</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the confirmation of <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Aiken did not vote on the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">Civil Rights Act of 1960</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first he supported civil rights but by the 1960s he took a more ambiguous position. He consistently favored civil rights legislation, from the Civil Rights Act of 1957 to the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but usually with important qualifications and amendments. This ambiguity, which some called obstructionism, was criticized by militant civil rights groups and the NAACP.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aiken took an ambivalent position on the Vietnam War (1965–1975), changing along with the Vermont mood. Neither a hawk nor a dove, he was sometimes called an "owl."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He reluctantly supported the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution of 1964 and was more enthusiastic in support of Nixon's program of letting South Vietnam do the fighting using American money.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aiken is widely quoted as saying that the U.S. should declare victory and bring the troops home.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His actual statement was: </p> <dl><dd>"The United States could well declare unilaterally ... that we have 'won' in the sense that our armed forces are in control of most of the field and no potential enemy is in a position to establish its authority over South Vietnam," and that such a declaration "would herald the resumption of political warfare as the dominant theme in Vietnam."</dd></dl> <p>He added: "It may be a far-fetched proposal, but nothing else has worked."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His base in Vermont was solid; he spent only $17.09 on his last reelection bid. A north-south avenue on the west side of the public lawn at the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a> has been named for him. He left office in 1975, succeeded by the first Democrat to represent Vermont in the Senate, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a>. Leahy went on to become the <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">Dean of the Senate</a>, the title Aiken possessed when he left the chamber. Aiken and Leahy held the same Senate seat for more than 80 years combined, making them the back-to-back pair of Senators to hold the same seat for the longest. When Leahy retired at the end of the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th Congress</a> in January 2023, the two had held Vermont's Class 3 seat for a combined 81 years, 11 months, and 24 days.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Aiken&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Committee assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Committee </th> <th>Congresses </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry">Agriculture and Forestry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/77th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="77th Congress">77th</a> – <a href="/wiki/93rd_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="93rd Congress">93rd</a> </td> <td>Ranking Member (81 – 82; 84 – 91); chairman (83)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Civil_Service" title="United States Senate Committee on Civil Service">Civil Service</a> </td> <td>77th – <a href="/wiki/79th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="79th Congress">79th</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Education_and_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Education and Labor">Education and Labor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Labor_and_Public_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare">Labor and Public Welfare</a> </td> <td>77th – <a href="/wiki/80th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="80th Congress">80th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/81st_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="81st Congress">81st</a> – <a href="/wiki/83rd_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="83rd Congress">83rd</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Expenditures_in_Executive_Departments" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments">Expenditures in Executive Departments</a> </td> <td>77th – 80th </td> <td>Ranking Member (79);<sup id="cite_ref-79th_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79th-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chairman (80)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Pensions</a> </td> <td>77th – 79th </td> <td>Ranking Member (79)<sup id="cite_ref-79th_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79th-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_on_Senatorial_Campaign_Expenditures,_1942&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Senate Special Committee on Senatorial Campaign Expenditures, 1942 (page does not exist)">Senatorial Campaign Expenditures, 1942 (Select)</a> </td> <td>77th – <a href="/wiki/78th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="78th Congress">78th</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-canon_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canon-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Foreign Relations</a> </td> <td>83rd – 93rd </td> <td>Appointed January 15, 1954<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress_Joint_Committee_on_Atomic_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress Joint Committee on Atomic Energy">Atomic Energy (Joint)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/86th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="86th Congress">86th</a> – 93rd </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Aeronautical_and_Space_Sciences" title="United States Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences">Aeronautical and Space Sciences</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/89th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="89th Congress">89th</a> </td> <td>Resigned from committee January 14, 1966<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_and_death">Retirement and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Aiken&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Retirement and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aiken did not run for reelection in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resided in Putney until mid-1984, when his health began to fail and he moved to a nursing home in <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in Montpelier on November 19, 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Putney.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, who had interviewed Aiken for the Vermont Life magazine in 1973, said of him in 2006: "I can’t say I have based my political work on his, but Aiken has always been a name and a person I’ve respected and admired. What I liked about him and what made him successful was his straightforwardness, his common sense, his down to earth-ness. He was clearly a man of the people.”<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Aiken&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinrichs, 2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MVLtxQEACAAJ"><i>Political Profiles</i></a>. Facts on File. 1979. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Profiles&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMVLtxQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrebs1984" class="citation news cs1">Krebs, Albin (November 20, 1984). "George Aiken, Longtime Senator And G.O.P. Maverick, Dies at 92". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Aiken%2C+Longtime+Senator+And+G.O.P.+Maverick%2C+Dies+at+92&rft.date=1984-11-20&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=Albin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBigelow1920" class="citation book cs1">Bigelow, Walter J. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x0kjAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA125"><i>Vermont, Its Government</i></a>. Montpelier, VT: Historical Publishing Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">124–</span>125.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vermont%2C+Its+Government&rft.place=Montpelier%2C+VT&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E124-%3C%2Fspan%3E125&rft.pub=Historical+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Bigelow&rft.aufirst=Walter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx0kjAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.uvm.edu/aiken/about-george-aiken/">About George Aiken</a> Retrieved January 1, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-current-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-current_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Current_Biography" title="Current Biography"><i>Current Biography</i></a>. 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Aiken"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://learn.uvm.edu/aiken/?Page=aiken_bio.html">the original</a> on August 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Vermont&rft.atitle=George+D.+Aiken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flearn.uvm.edu%2Faiken%2F%3FPage%3Daiken_bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/200226685/">"Beatrice Aiken, Senator's Wife, Dies at 71"</a></span>. <i>Burlington Free Press</i>. Burlington, VT. Associated Press. May 11, 1966. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Burlington+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Beatrice+Aiken%2C+Senator%27s+Wife%2C+Dies+at+71&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1966-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F200226685%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrity2014" class="citation news cs1">Garrity, Roger (September 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706013709/http://www.wcax.com/story/26474022/lola-aiken-wife-of-sen-george-aiken-dies-at-102">"Lola Aiken, wife of Sen. George Aiken, dies at 102"</a>. <i>WCAX-TV</i>. Burlington, VT. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WCAX-TV&rft.atitle=Lola+Aiken%2C+wife+of+Sen.+George+Aiken%2C+dies+at+102&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft.aulast=Garrity&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcax.com%2Fstory%2F26474022%2Flola-aiken-wife-of-sen-george-aiken-dies-at-102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vtdigger.org/2014/09/08/lola-aiken-dies-102/">"Lola Aiken Dies at 102"</a>. <i>VT Digger</i>. Montpelier, VT. September 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VT+Digger&rft.atitle=Lola+Aiken+Dies+at+102&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvtdigger.org%2F2014%2F09%2F08%2Flola-aiken-dies-102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-congress-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-congress_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000062">"AIKEN, George David, (1892–1984)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=AIKEN%2C+George+David%2C+%281892%26ndash%3B1984%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DA000062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Braley-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Braley_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braley_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braley_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braley_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/117288976/braley/">"Braley Named Chairman of Judiciary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Caledonian-Record" title="The Caledonian-Record">The Caledonian-Record</a></i>. St. Johnsbury, VT. January 15, 1935. p. 1 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Caledonian-Record&rft.atitle=Braley+Named+Chairman+of+Judiciary&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1935-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F117288976%2Fbraley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hand (2002) p 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Gregory Sanford, “You Can't Get There From Here: The Presidential Boomlet for Governor George D. Aiken, 1937–1939," <i>Vermont History</i> 49 (1981): 197–208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinrichs, (2001) p 273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hand (2002) pp 158-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel B. Hand, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ONLUwZ2Z0JsC&pg=PA133">The Star That Set: The Vermont Republican Party, 1854–1974</a>, 2003, page 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kauffman" title="Bill Kauffman">Kauffman, Bill</a> (2004-09-13) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amconmag.com/article/2004/sep/13/00018/">Democracy in Vermont</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul M. Searls, "George Aiken and the Taft-Hartley Act: A Less Undesirable Alternative," <i>Vermont History</i> (1992) 60#3 pp 155–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75">"HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957"</a>. <i>GovTrack.us</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GovTrack.us&rft.atitle=HR.+6127.+CIVIL+RIGHTS+ACT+OF+1957.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F85-1957%2Fs75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/88-1964/s409">"HR. 7152. PASSAGE"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HR.+7152.+PASSAGE.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F88-1964%2Fs409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/s346">"TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN SALE OR RENTAL OF HOUSING, AND TO PROHIBIT RACIALLY MOTIVATED INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON EXERCISING HIS CIVIL RIGHTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TO+PASS+H.R.+2516%2C+A+BILL+TO+PROHIBIT+DISCRIMINATION+IN+SALE+OR+RENTAL+OF+HOUSING%2C+AND+TO+PROHIBIT+RACIALLY+MOTIVATED+INTERFERENCE+WITH+A+PERSON+EXERCISING+HIS+CIVIL+RIGHTS%2C+AND+FOR+OTHER+PURPOSES.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F90-1968%2Fs346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/s226">"S.J. RES. 29. APPROVAL OF RESOLUTION BANNING THE POLL TAX AS PREREQUISITE FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS"</a>. <i>GovTrack.us</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GovTrack.us&rft.atitle=S.J.+RES.+29.+APPROVAL+OF+RESOLUTION+BANNING+THE+POLL+TAX+AS+PREREQUISITE+FOR+VOTING+IN+FEDERAL+ELECTIONS.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F87-1962%2Fs226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/89-1965/s78">"TO PASS S. 1564, THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TO+PASS+S.+1564%2C+THE+VOTING+RIGHTS+ACT+OF+1965.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F89-1965%2Fs78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1967/s176">"CONFIRMATION OF NOMINATION OF THURGOOD MARSHALL, THE FIRST NEGRO APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT"</a>. <i>GovTrack.us</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GovTrack.us&rft.atitle=CONFIRMATION+OF+NOMINATION+OF+THURGOOD+MARSHALL%2C+THE+FIRST+NEGRO+APPOINTED+TO+THE+SUPREME+COURT.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F90-1967%2Fs176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/s284">"HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HR.+8601.+PASSAGE+OF+AMENDED+BILL.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F86-1960%2Fs284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce H. Kalk, "Yankee Party or Southern Strategy? George Aiken and the Republican Party, 1936–1972," <i>Vermont History</i> (1996) 64#4 pp236–250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duffy (2002) p 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles F. O'Brien, "Aiken and Vietnam: A Dialogue with Vermont Voters," <i>Vermont History</i> (1993) 61#1 pp 5-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark A. Stoler, "What Did He Really Say? The 'Aiken Formula'for Vietnam Revisited,'" <i>Vermont History</i> (1978) 46#1 pp 100-108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=FA0C13FE3E54117B93C2AB178BD95F428685F9">Eder, Richard. "Aiken Suggests U.S. Say It Has Won the War." <i>New York Times</i>. October 20, 1966, pp. 1, 16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smartpolitics.lib.umn.edu/2021/11/17/leahy-retirement-puts-end-date-on-us-senate-record/">Leahy Retirement Puts End Date on US Senate Record</a> by Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Ostermeier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Ostermeier (page does not exist)">Eric Ostermeier</a> on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smart_Politics_(news_site)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smart Politics (news site) (page does not exist)">Smart Politics</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090502122336/http://www.gpo.gov/congress/senate/sen_agriculture/index.html"><i>The United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry: 1825–1998 (S. Doc. 105-24)</i></a>. 105th Congress. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/congress/senate/sen_agriculture/index.html">the original</a> on May 2, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Senate+Committee+on+Agriculture%2C+Nutrition%2C+and+Forestry%3A+1825%E2%80%931998+%28S.+Doc.+105-24%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=105th+Congress&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Fcongress%2Fsenate%2Fsen_agriculture%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79th-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-79th_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-79th_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Official Congressional Directory. 79th Congress</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/CommitteeChairs.pdf">"Chairmen of Senate Standing Committees 1789 – present"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Senate Historical Office. June 2008. p. 35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chairmen+of+Senate+Standing+Committees+1789+%E2%80%93+present&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Senate+Historical+Office&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fresources%2Fpdf%2FCommitteeChairs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canon-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-canon_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanonGarrison_NelsonCharles_Stewart_III2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Canon, David T.; Garrison Nelson; Charles Stewart III (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xQ8bAAAACAAJ"><i>Committees in the U.S. Congress: 1789–1946</i></a>. Vol. 4, Select Committees. Washington, DC: CQ Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56802-175-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56802-175-5"><bdi>1-56802-175-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Committees+in+the+U.S.+Congress%3A+1789%E2%80%931946&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-56802-175-5&rft.aulast=Canon&rft.aufirst=David+T.&rft.au=Garrison+Nelson&rft.au=Charles+Stewart+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxQ8bAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=105_cong_documents&docid=f:sd028.pdf"><i>Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Millennium Edition, 1816–2000 (S. Doc. 105-28)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 105th Congress, 2d session. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 2000. p. 98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Committee+on+Foreign+Relations%2C+United+States+Senate%2C+Millennium+Edition%2C+1816%E2%80%932000+%28S.+Doc.+105-28%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=105th+Congress%2C+2d+session&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrwebgate.access.gpo.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetdoc.cgi%3Fdbname%3D105_cong_documents%26docid%3Df%3Asd028.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, United States Senate: 1958–1976</i>. 94th Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. December 30, 1976. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015077942277">2027/mdp.39015077942277</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Committee+on+Aeronautical+and+Space+Sciences%2C+United+States+Senate%3A+1958%E2%80%931976&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=94th+Congress%2C+2nd+Session&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1976-12-30&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015077942277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/68489825/">"Senate Dean George Aiken Won't Run for Re-Election"</a></span>. <i>Florence Morning News</i>. Florence, SC. Associated Press. February 15, 1974. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florence+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Senate+Dean+George+Aiken+Won%27t+Run+for+Re-Election&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1974-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F68489825%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoddard1984" class="citation news cs1">Goddard, Kevin (November 19, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/11/19/George-Aiken-Born-Aug-20-1892-Retired-from-US-Senate-in-1974/1156469688400/">"George Aiken: Born Aug. 20, 1892; Retired from U.S. Senate in 1974"</a>. <i>United Press International Archives</i>. Washington, DC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International+Archives&rft.atitle=George+Aiken%3A+Born+Aug.+20%2C+1892%3B+Retired+from+U.S.+Senate+in+1974&rft.date=1984-11-19&rft.aulast=Goddard&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1984%2F11%2F19%2FGeorge-Aiken-Born-Aug-20-1892-Retired-from-US-Senate-in-1974%2F1156469688400%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrebs1984" class="citation news cs1">Krebs, Albin (November 20, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/20/obituaries/george-aiken-longtime-senator-and-gop-maverick-dies-at-92.html">"George Aiken, Longtime Senator and G.O.P. Maverick, Dies at 92"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. new York, NY.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Aiken%2C+Longtime+Senator+and+G.O.P.+Maverick%2C+Dies+at+92&rft.date=1984-11-20&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=Albin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F11%2F20%2Fobituaries%2Fgeorge-aiken-longtime-senator-and-gop-maverick-dies-at-92.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/235433428/">"Former Sen. George Aiken Buried in Vermont Hometown"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sun-Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun-Sentinel">Sun-Sentinel</a></i>. Fort Lauderdale, FL. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. November 23, 1984. p. 4B – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Former+Sen.+George+Aiken+Buried+in+Vermont+Hometown&rft.pages=4B&rft.date=1984-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F235433428%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The stories about Bernie: Following in someone else’s footsteps; Kevin O'Connor, VTDigger, January 17, 2016</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Aiken&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bryan, Frank M. <i>Yankee politics in rural Vermont</i> (U. Press of New England, 1974)</li> <li>Duffy, John J. et al. eds. <i>The Vermont Encyclopedia</i> (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uTBCXqOou0YC&q=aiken+&pg=PP13">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Hand, Samuel B., and D. Gregory Sanford. "Carrying Water on Both Shoulders: George D. Aiken's 1936 Gubernatorial Campaign in Vermont," <i>Vermont History</i> (1975) 43: 292-306</li> <li>Hand, Samuel B. <i>The Star That Set: The Vermont Republican Party, 1854-1974</i> (2002); extensive coverage of Aiken based on his diaries</li> <li>Hand, Samuel B. and Paul M. Searls. "Transition Politics: Vermont, 1940–1952," <i>Vermont History</i> (1994) 62#1 pp 1–25</li> <li>Heinrichs, Jr. Waldo H. "Waldo H. Heinrichs, George D. Aiken, and the Lend Lease Debate of 1941," <i>Vermont History</i> (2001) 69#3 pp 267–83 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vermonthistory.org/journal/69/vt693_403.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Johns, Andrew L. "Doves Among Hawks: Republican Opposition to the Vietnam War, 1964–1968." <i>Peace & Change</i> (2006) 31#4 pp: 585–628.</li> <li>Judd, Richard Munson. <i>The New Deal in Vermont: Its impact and aftermath</i> (Taylor & Francis, 1979)</li> <li>Schoenebaum, Eleonora W. ed., <i>Political Profiles: The Truman Years</i> (1978) pp 6–8</li> <li>Schoenebaum, Eleonora W. ed., <i>Political Profiles: The Eisenhower Years</i> (1977) pp 7–8</li> <li>Stoler, Mark A. "What Did He Really Say? The 'Aiken Formula'for Vietnam Revisited.”." <i>Vermont History</i> 46 (1978): 100-108.</li> <li>Stoler, Mark A. "Aiken, Mansfield, and the Tonkin Gulf Crisis: Notes from the Congressional Leadership Meeting at the White House, August 4, 1964." <i>Vermont History</i> 50: 80–94.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Aiken&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aiken, George David. <i>Speaking from Vermont</i> (Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1938)</li> <li>Aiken, George D. <i>Senate Diary</i> (Brattleboro, Vt 1976); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0828902755" title="Special:BookSources/0828902755">0828902755</a>.</li> <li>Gallagher, Connell. "The Senator George D. Aiken Papers: Sources for the Study of Canadian-American Relations, 1930-1974." <i>Archivaria</i> 1#21 (1985) pp 176–79 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sfu.ca/archivar/index.php/archivaria/article/viewFile/11247/12186">online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Aiken&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_David_Aiken" class="extiw" title="s:Author:George David Aiken">George Aiken</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/George_Aiken" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/George Aiken">George Aiken</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressA000062" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000062">"George Aiken (id: A000062)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=George+Aiken+%28id%3A+A000062%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DA000062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Aiken" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100611092108/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/aikeng/aikeng.asp">Oral History Interview with George Aiken, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manley_Smith" title="Charles Manley Smith">Charles Manley Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of Vermont">Lieutenant Governor of Vermont</a> </b><br />1934 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Wills_(politician)" title="William Henry Wills (politician)">William Henry Wills</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">Governor of Vermont</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1936_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1936 Vermont gubernatorial election">1936</a>, <a href="/wiki/1938_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1938 Vermont gubernatorial election">1938</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Willard_Gibson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Willard Gibson">Ernest Willard Gibson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Vermont">U.S. Senator from Vermont</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 3</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Vermont" title="1940 United States Senate special election in Vermont">1940</a>, <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1944 United States Senate election in Vermont">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1950 United States Senate election in Vermont">1950</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1956 United States Senate election in Vermont">1956</a>, <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1962 United States Senate election in Vermont">1962</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1968 United States Senate election in Vermont">1968</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Mallary" title="Richard W. Mallary">Richard W. Mallary</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">W. Robert Johnson</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Vermont">U.S. Senator from Vermont</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 3</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1968 United States Senate election in Vermont">1968</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Deavitt" title="Edward H. Deavitt">Edward H. Deavitt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Vermont_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives">Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives</a> </b><br />1933–1935 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_E._Moore" title="Ernest E. Moore">Ernest E. Moore</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Charles Manley Smith</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Vermont" title="List of lieutenant governors of Vermont">Lieutenant Governor of Vermont</a> </b><br />1935–1937 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">William Henry Wills</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Vermont">Governor of Vermont</a> </b><br />1937–1941 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_J._Davis" title="James J. Davis">James J. Davis</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Senate Executive Department Expenditures Committee</a> </b><br />1945–1947 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_L._McClellan" title="John L. McClellan">John L. McClellan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J._Lister_Hill" title="J. Lister Hill">J. Lister Hill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Senate Executive Department Expenditures Committee</a> </b><br />1947–1949 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Thomas" title="Elmer Thomas">Elmer Thomas</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Senate Agriculture Committee</a> </b><br />1949–1953 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Allen J. Ellender</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Allen J. Ellender</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Senate Agriculture Committee</a> </b><br />1953–1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Senate Agriculture Committee</a> </b><br />1955–1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Miller_(politician)" title="Jack Miller (politician)">Jack Miller</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bourke_B._Hickenlooper" title="Bourke B. Hickenlooper">Bourke B. Hickenlooper</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a> </b><br />1969–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_P._Case" title="Clifford P. Case">Clifford P. Case</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson_Jr." title="Ernest W. Gibson Jr.">Ernest W. Gibson Jr.</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from Vermont</a> </b><br />1941–1975 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Warren_Austin" title="Warren Austin">Warren Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Flanders" title="Ralph Flanders">Ralph Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_L._Prouty" title="Winston L. Prouty">Winston L. Prouty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stafford" title="Robert Stafford">Robert Stafford</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Patrick Leahy</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wiley" title="Alexander Wiley">Alexander Wiley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Most senior <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States senator">United States senator</a> </b><br />1963 - 1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Young" title="Milton Young">Milton Young</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Allen J. Ellender</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">Dean of the United States Senate</a> </b><br />July 27, 1972 – January 3, 1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">James Eastland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_L._McClellan" title="John L. McClellan">John L. McClellan</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lieutenant_governors_of_Vermont" title="Template:Lieutenant governors of Vermont"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lieutenant_governors_of_Vermont" title="Template talk:Lieutenant governors of Vermont"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lieutenant_governors_of_Vermont" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lieutenant governors of Vermont"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lieutenant_governors_of_Vermont356" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Vermont" title="List of lieutenant governors of Vermont">Lieutenant governors of Vermont</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic <br /><span class="nobold">(1777–1791)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marsh" title="Joseph Marsh">Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Carpenter" title="Benjamin Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Payne" title="Elisha Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Spooner" title="Paul Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marsh" title="Joseph Marsh">Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Olcott" title="Peter Olcott">Olcott</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="304" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">State of Vermont<br /><span class="nobold">(since 1791)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hunt_(Vermont_lieutenant_governor)" title="Jonathan Hunt (Vermont lieutenant governor)">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Brigham" title="Paul Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Chamberlain_(politician)" title="William Chamberlain (politician)">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Brigham" title="Paul Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cahoon" title="William Cahoon">Cahoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Leland" title="Aaron Leland">Leland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Olin" title="Henry Olin">Olin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Richards_(politician)" title="Mark Richards (politician)">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebbeus_Egerton" title="Lebbeus Egerton">Egerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_H._Jennison" title="Silas H. Jennison">Jennison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Camp" title="David M. Camp">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitstill_R._Ranney" title="Waitstill R. Ranney">Ranney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Eaton" title="Horace Eaton">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Sargeant" title="Leonard Sargeant">Sargeant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pierpoint_(Vermont_politician)" title="Robert Pierpoint (Vermont politician)">Pierpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Converse" title="Julius Converse">Converse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Kittredge" title="William C. Kittredge">Kittredge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_P._Kidder" title="Jefferson P. Kidder">Kidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryland_Fletcher" title="Ryland Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Slade" title="James M. Slade">Slade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnham_Martin" title="Burnham Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Underwood" title="Levi Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dillingham" title="Paul Dillingham">Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_B._Gardner" title="Abraham B. Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Stephen Thomas (Medal of Honor)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitman_Hendee" title="George Whitman Hendee">Hendee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Dale" title="George N. Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_S._Taft" title="Russell S. Taft">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_G._Hinckley" title="Lyman G. Hinckley">Hinckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">R. Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_Pomeroy_Colton" title="Eben Pomeroy Colton">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Barstow" title="John L. Barstow">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_E._Pingree" title="Samuel E. Pingree">Pingree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_J._Ormsbee" title="Ebenezer J. Ormsbee">Ormsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_K._Fuller" title="Levi K. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_A._Woodbury" title="Urban A. Woodbury">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Fletcher" title="Henry A. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrand_Stewart_Stranahan" title="Farrand Stewart Stranahan">Stranahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zophar_M._Mansur" class="mw-redirect" title="Zophar M. Mansur">Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_W._Fisk" title="Nelson W. Fisk">Fisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Bates" title="Henry C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_F._Allen" title="Martin F. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zed_S._Stanton" title="Zed S. Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Stearns" title="Charles H. Stearns">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Prouty" title="George H. Prouty">Prouty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Mead" title="John A. Mead">Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leighton_P._Slack" title="Leighton P. Slack">Slack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._Howe" title="Frank E. Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_K._Darling" title="Hale K. Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Hulburd" title="Roger W. Hulburd">Hulburd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_S._Stone" title="Mason S. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_W._Foote" title="Abram W. Foote">A. Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_S._Billings" title="Franklin S. Billings">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_K._Farnsworth" title="Walter K. Farnsworth">Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollister_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollister Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_C._Wilson" title="Stanley C. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_(Vermont_politician)" title="Benjamin Williams (Vermont politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manley_Smith" title="Charles Manley Smith">C. Smith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Wills_(politician)" title="William Henry Wills (politician)">Wills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_R._Proctor" title="Mortimer R. Proctor">M. Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_E._Emerson" title="Lee E. Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_J._Arthur" title="Harold J. Arthur">Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Johnson" title="Joseph B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_N._Bailey" title="Consuelo N. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stafford" title="Robert Stafford">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Babcock" title="Robert S. Babcock">Babcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_A._Foote" title="Ralph A. Foote">R. Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Daley" title="John J. Daley">Daley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Hayes" title="Thomas L. Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Burgess" title="John S. Burgess">Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_D._Burns" title="Brian D. Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Garry_Buckley" title="T. Garry Buckley">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Kunin" title="Madeleine Kunin">Kunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Plympton_Smith" title="Peter Plympton Smith">P. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Snelling" title="Barbara Snelling">Snelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Racine" title="Doug Racine">Racine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dubie" title="Brian Dubie">Dubie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Scott" title="Phil Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Zuckerman_(politician)" title="David Zuckerman (politician)">Zuckerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Gray" title="Molly Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Zuckerman_(politician)" title="David Zuckerman (politician)">Zuckerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Rodgers" title="John S. Rodgers">Rodgers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate acting governor</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Vermont364" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Vermont" title="Template:Governors of Vermont"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Vermont" title="Template talk:Governors of Vermont"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Vermont" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Vermont"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Vermont364" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Vermont" title="List of governors of Vermont">Governors of Vermont</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic <br /><span class="nobold"><small>(1777–1791)</small></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chittenden" title="Thomas Chittenden">Chittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Robinson" title="Moses Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chittenden" title="Thomas Chittenden">Chittenden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="304" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">State of Vermont<br /><span class="nobold"><small>(since 1791)</small></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chittenden" title="Thomas Chittenden">Chittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Brigham" title="Paul Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tichenor" title="Isaac Tichenor">Tichenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Smith" title="Israel Smith">I. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tichenor" title="Isaac Tichenor">Tichenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Galusha" title="Jonas Galusha">Galusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Chittenden" title="Martin Chittenden">M. Chittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Galusha" title="Jonas Galusha">Galusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Skinner_(American_politician)" title="Richard Skinner (American politician)">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_P._Van_Ness" title="Cornelius P. Van Ness">Van Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Butler" title="Ezra Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Crafts" title="Samuel C. Crafts">Crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Palmer" title="William A. Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_H._Jennison" title="Silas H. Jennison">Jennison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Paine" title="Charles Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mattocks" title="John Mattocks">Mattocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Slade_(politician)" title="William Slade (politician)">Slade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Eaton" title="Horace Eaton">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Coolidge" title="Carlos Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Williams" title="Charles K. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Fairbanks" title="Erastus Fairbanks">E. Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Robinson_(governor)" title="John S. Robinson (governor)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Royce" title="Stephen Royce">Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryland_Fletcher" title="Ryland Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiland_Hall" title="Hiland Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Fairbanks" title="Erastus Fairbanks">E. Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Holbrook" title="Frederick Holbrook">Holbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Gregory_Smith" title="J. Gregory Smith">G. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dillingham" title="Paul Dillingham">P. Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Page" title="John B. Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_T._Washburn" title="Peter T. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitman_Hendee" title="George Whitman Hendee">Hendee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wolcott_Stewart" title="John Wolcott Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Converse" title="Julius Converse">Converse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahel_Peck" title="Asahel Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Fairbanks" title="Horace Fairbanks">H. Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">R. Proctor Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell_Farnham" title="Roswell Farnham">Farnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Barstow" title="John L. Barstow">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_E._Pingree" title="Samuel E. Pingree">Pingree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_J._Ormsbee" title="Ebenezer J. Ormsbee">Ormsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Dillingham" title="William P. Dillingham">W.P. Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_S._Page" title="Carroll S. Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_K._Fuller" title="Levi K. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_A._Woodbury" title="Urban A. Woodbury">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Grout" title="Josiah Grout">Grout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Curtis_Smith" title="Edward Curtis Smith">E. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Stickney_(politician)" title="William W. Stickney (politician)">Stickney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._McCullough" title="John G. McCullough">McCullough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Bell_(politician)" title="Charles J. Bell (politician)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_D._Proctor" title="Fletcher D. Proctor">F. Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Prouty" title="George H. Prouty">Prouty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Mead" title="John A. Mead">Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_M._Fletcher" title="Allen M. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Gates" title="Charles W. Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_F._Graham" title="Horace F. Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_W._Clement" title="Percival W. Clement">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hartness" title="James Hartness">Hartness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor_Jr." title="Redfield Proctor Jr.">R. Proctor Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_S._Billings" title="Franklin S. Billings">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Weeks" title="John E. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_C._Wilson" title="Stanley C. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manley_Smith" title="Charles Manley Smith">C. Smith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Wills_(politician)" title="William Henry Wills (politician)">Wills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_R._Proctor" title="Mortimer R. Proctor">M. Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson_Jr." title="Ernest W. Gibson Jr.">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_J._Arthur" title="Harold J. Arthur">Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_E._Emerson" title="Lee E. Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Johnson" title="Joseph B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stafford" title="Robert Stafford">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Ray_Keyser_Jr." title="F. Ray Keyser Jr.">Keyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Hoff" title="Philip H. Hoff">Hoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deane_C._Davis" title="Deane C. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Salmon" title="Thomas P. Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Snelling" title="Richard A. Snelling">Snelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Kunin" title="Madeleine Kunin">Kunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Snelling" title="Richard A. Snelling">Snelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Douglas" title="Jim Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Shumlin" title="Peter Shumlin">Shumlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Scott" title="Phil Scott">Scott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate acting governor</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Vermont97" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="Template:United States senators from Vermont"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="Template talk:United States senators from Vermont"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Vermont"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Vermont97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">United States senators from Vermont</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Robinson" title="Moses Robinson">M. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tichenor" title="Isaac Tichenor">Tichenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Chipman" title="Nathaniel Chipman">Chipman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Smith" title="Israel Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Robinson_(American_politician)" title="Jonathan Robinson (American politician)">J. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tichenor" title="Isaac Tichenor">Tichenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_(Vermont_politician)" title="Horatio Seymour (Vermont politician)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Swift" title="Benjamin Swift">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Phelps" title="Samuel S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wolcott_Stewart" title="John Wolcott Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_S._Page" title="Carroll S. Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_L._Greene" title="Frank L. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Partridge" title="Frank C. Partridge">Partridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Austin" title="Warren Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Flanders" title="Ralph Flanders">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_L._Prouty" title="Winston L. Prouty">Prouty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stafford" title="Robert Stafford">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Paine" title="Elijah Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Chase" title="Dudley Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fisk_(politician)" title="James Fisk (politician)">Fisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Palmer" title="William A. Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Chase" title="Dudley Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Prentiss" title="Samuel Prentiss">Prentiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Crafts" title="Samuel C. Crafts">Crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Upham" title="William Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Phelps" title="Samuel S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Brainerd" title="Lawrence Brainerd">Brainerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Collamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_P._Poland" title="Luke P. Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Ross_(politician)" title="Jonathan Ross (politician)">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Dillingham" title="William P. Dillingham">Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_H._Dale" title="Porter H. Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson" title="Ernest W. Gibson">Gibson Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson_Jr." title="Ernest W. Gibson Jr.">Gibson Jr.</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Welch" title="Peter Welch">Welch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry234" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Agriculture_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Agriculture chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Agriculture_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Agriculture chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Agriculture_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Agriculture chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agriculture<br />(1829–1857; 1863–1881)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Marks_(politician)" title="William Marks (politician)">Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_(Vermont_politician)" title="Horatio Seymour (Vermont politician)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Brown" title="Bedford Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Page_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="John Page (New Hampshire politician)">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Smith_(politician)" title="Perry Smith (politician)">P. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Mouton" title="Alexandre Mouton">Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Linn" title="Lewis F. Linn">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Upham" title="William Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sturgeon" title="Daniel Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Soul%C3%A9" title="Pierre Soulé">Soulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Allen_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Philip Allen (Rhode Island politician)">Allen</a></li> <li><i>(abolished 1857–1863)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_P._Morton" title="Oliver P. Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Theodore_Frelinghuysen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Paddock" title="Algernon Paddock">Paddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Johnston" title="John W. Johnston">Johnston</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agriculture and Forestry<br />(1884–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Miller" title="Warner Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Palmer" title="Thomas W. Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Paddock" title="Algernon Paddock">Paddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Z._George" title="James Z. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Hansbrough" title="Henry C. Hansbrough">Hansbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_P._Dolliver" title="Jonathan P. Dolliver">Dolliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Burnham" title="Henry E. Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gore" title="Thomas Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asle_Gronna" title="Asle Gronna">Gronna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Norris" title="George W. Norris">Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._McNary" title="Charles L. McNary">McNary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">E. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Thomas" title="Elmer Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Capper" title="Arthur Capper">Capper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Thomas" title="Elmer Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">Talmadge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry<br />(1977–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">Talmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Harkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Harkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thad_Cochran" title="Thad Cochran">Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxby_Chambliss" title="Saxby Chambliss">Chambliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Harkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Lincoln" title="Blanche Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Stabenow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Roberts" title="Pat Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Stabenow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boozman" title="John Boozman">Boozman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs294" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Homeland_Security_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Homeland Security chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Homeland_Security_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Homeland Security chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Homeland_Security_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Homeland Security chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs294" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expenditures in Executive Departments<br />(1921–1952)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._McCormick" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph M. McCormick">McCormick</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Reed" title="David A. Reed">Reed</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_M._Sackett" title="Frederic M. Sackett">Sackett</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_D._Goff" title="Guy D. Goff">Goff</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Steiwer" title="Frederick Steiwer">Steiwer</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hamilton_Lewis" title="J. Hamilton Lewis">Lewis</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Van_Nuys" title="Frederick Van Nuys">Van Nuys</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lister_Hill" title="J. Lister Hill">Hill</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aiken</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._McClellan" title="John L. McClellan">McClellan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government Operations<br />(1952–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_L._McClellan" title="John L. McClellan">McClellan</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._McClellan" title="John L. McClellan">McClellan</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ervin" title="Sam Ervin">Ervin</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ribicoff" title="Abraham Ribicoff">Ribicoff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental Affairs<br />(1977–2005)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ribicoff" title="Abraham Ribicoff">Ribicoff</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Roth" title="William Roth">Roth</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">Glenn</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Roth" title="William Roth">Roth</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Thompson</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Thompson</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Collins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs<br />(2005–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Collins</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Carper</a> <sup></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson" title="Ron Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Deans_of_the_United_States_Senate70" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_deans" title="Template:US Senate deans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_deans" title="Template talk:US Senate deans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_deans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate deans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Deans_of_the_United_States_Senate70" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">Deans of the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gunn (senator)">Gunn</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Foster" title="Theodore Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(Kentucky_politician,_born_1757)" title="John Brown (Kentucky politician, born 1757)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hillhouse" title="James Hillhouse">Hillhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anderson_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Joseph Anderson (Tennessee politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ruggles" title="Benjamin Ruggles">Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pearce" title="James Pearce">Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bayard_Jr." title="James A. Bayard Jr.">Bayard</a>/<a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachariah_Chandler" title="Zachariah Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Allison" title="William B. Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Hale" title="Eugene Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom" title="Shelby M. Cullom">Cullom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_H._Gallinger" title="Jacob H. Gallinger">Gallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._M._Simmons" title="F. M. Simmons">Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Borah" title="William Borah">Borah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">Eastland</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_L._McClellan" title="John L. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">Eastland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116751#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1602" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116751#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1602" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116751#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010959136X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/20490450">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/11332/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxcTrKP6W8hGYXX7wyw4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119420686">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50033589">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35297083">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p131217232">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007270696005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15317077?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000062">US Congress</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/901979">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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