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北海道 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-地名由來" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地名由來"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>地名由來</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地名由來-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-象徵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#象徵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>象徵</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-象徵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-領土問題" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#領土問題"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>領土問題</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-領土問題-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氣候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氣候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>氣候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氣候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古代歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>古代歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-開拓期至二戰時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#開拓期至二戰時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>開拓期至二戰時期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-開拓期至二戰時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戰後至今" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戰後至今"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>戰後至今</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戰後至今-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行政區劃" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政區劃"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>行政區劃</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行政區劃-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>政治</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>經濟</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-經濟-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关經濟子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-經濟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-農業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>農業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-農業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>工業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-服務業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#服務業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>服務業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-服務業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-阿伊努文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#阿伊努文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>阿伊努文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阿伊努文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>方言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-飲食" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#飲食"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>飲食</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-飲食-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-媒體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#媒體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>媒體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-媒體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-體育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#體育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>體育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-體育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-冬季運動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#冬季運動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5.1</span> <span>冬季運動</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-冬季運動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-棒球" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#棒球"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5.2</span> <span>棒球</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-棒球-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他體育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他體育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5.3</span> <span>其他體育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他體育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>教育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-觀光" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#觀光"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>觀光</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-觀光-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>交通</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-交通-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关交通子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-鐵路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鐵路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>鐵路</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鐵路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>公路</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-海運" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#海運"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>海運</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-海運-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-空運" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#空運"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>空運</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-空運-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关參考文獻子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">北海道</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。133种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">133种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%86%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%B6" title="ሆካይዶ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሆካይዶ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="هوكايدو – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوكايدو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="هوكايدو – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هوكايدو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="هوكايدو – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هوكايدو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B" title="হোক্কাইডো – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হোক্কাইডো" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaydo" title="Hokkaydo – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hokkaydo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88" title="هوکایدو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هوکایدو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хоккайдо – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хоккайдо" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokaids" title="Hokaids – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Hokaids" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Хакайда – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хакайда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Хакайда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хакайда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хокайдо – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хокайдо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B" title="হোক্কাইদো – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হোক্কাইদো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧོ་ཁའི་དོ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧོ་ཁའི་དོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_(pulo_sa_Hapon)" title="Hokkaido (pulo sa Hapon) – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hokkaido (pulo sa Hapon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%86" title="ھۆکایدۆ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھۆکایدۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C3%B3" title="Hokkaidó – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hokkaidó" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хоккаидо – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Хоккаидо" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Χοκκάιντο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χοκκάιντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokajdo" title="Hokajdo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hokajdo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88" title="هوکایدو – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هوکایدو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_(eil%C3%A2n)" title="Hokkaido (eilân) – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hokkaido (eilân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95" title="הוקאידו – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הוקאידו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B" title="होक्काइदो – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="होक्काइदो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C3%B3" title="Hokkaidó – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hokkaidó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A4%D5%B8" title="Հոկայդո – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոկայդո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefektur_Hokkaido" title="Prefektur Hokkaido – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prefektur Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 国际文字(E)" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字(E)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="北海道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D" title="ჰოკაიდო – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰოკაიდო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хоккайдо – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хоккайдо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC" title="ហុកកៃដូ – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហុកកៃដូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%8B%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%84" title="홋카이도 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="홋카이도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хоккайдо – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хоккайдо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esonia" title="Esonia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Esonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokaidas" title="Hokaidas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hokaidas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokaido" title="Hokaido – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hokaido" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хокаидо – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хокаидо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8A" title="ഹൊക്കൈഡൊ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹൊക്കൈഡൊ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хоккайдо – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хоккайдо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A3" title="ꯍꯣꯛꯀꯥꯢꯗꯣ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯣꯛꯀꯥꯢꯗꯣ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B" title="होक्काइदो – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="होक्काइदो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဟော့ကိုင်းဒိုးကျွန်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟော့ကိုင်းဒိုးကျွန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87" title="هوکایدو جزیره – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هوکایدو جزیره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="होक्काइडो – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="होक्काइडो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_(Japan)" title="Hokkaido (Japan) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hokkaido (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8B" title="ହୋକାଇଦୋ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହୋକାଇଦୋ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хоккайдо – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хоккайдо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82" title="ਹੋੱਕਾਇਦੋ ਟਾਪੂ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੋੱਕਾਇਦੋ ਟਾਪੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88" title="ہوکائیڈو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہوکائیڈو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%89%D9%88" title="هوکایډو – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هوکایډو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hocaido" title="Hocaido – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hocaido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Insula Hokkaidō – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insula Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хоккайдо – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хоккайдо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9D" title="හොක්කයිදෝ – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හොක්කයිදෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokaido" title="Hokaido – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hokaido" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokaido" title="Hokaido – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hokaido" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хокаидо – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хокаидо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Mkoa wa Hokkaidō – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mkoa wa Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="ஹொக்கைடோ – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹொக்கைடோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хоккайдо – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хоккайдо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94" title="ฮกไกโด – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮกไกโด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хоккайдо – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хоккайдо" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%83%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="خوككايدو ئارىلى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خوككايدو ئارىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Хоккайдо – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хоккайдо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ہوکائیدو – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہوکائیدو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xokkaydo" title="Xokkaydo – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xokkaydo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hokkaidō" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hokkaido" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北海道" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D" title="ჰოკაიდო – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰოკაიდო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%90" title="האקיידא – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האקיידא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="北海道" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaid%C3%B4" title="Hokkaidô – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hokkaidô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="北海道" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35581#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&oldid=85072082" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&id=85072082&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" hreflang="zh"><span>维基导游</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35581" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-FA" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B8%E8%8C%83%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="这是典范条目,点此获取更多信息。"><img alt="典范条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/24px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/36px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/48px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="地理坐标">坐标</a>:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&params=43_N_142_E_scale:500000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">43°N</span> <span class="longitude">142°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">43°N 142°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43; 142</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-953babdd" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div id="noteTA-953babdd" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="People"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Lifesciences"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Unit"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85088369">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>此条目页的主題是日本的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%B4%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="一級行政區">一級行政區</a>之一。关于和北海道名稱相近的条目,請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="北海道 (消歧義)">北海道 (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&params=43_N_142_E_scale:500000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">43°N</span> <span class="longitude">142°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">43°N 142°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43; 142</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">北海道</span><br /><span class="nickname"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span lang="ja">北海道</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="都道府縣">道</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">日文轉寫</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日文">日文</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span lang="ja">北海道</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="日语罗马字">罗马字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span lang="ja-latn">Hokkaidō</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="平假名">平假名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span lang="ja">ほっかいどう </span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿伊努语">阿伊努语</a>轉寫</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿伊努语">阿伊努语</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span lang="ain">アィヌモシㇼ</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 罗马字</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Ainu-Mosir</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:1;;height:179px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokachi_plain_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tokachi_plain_01.jpg/268px-Tokachi_plain_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tokachi_plain_01.jpg/402px-Tokachi_plain_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tokachi_plain_01.jpg/536px-Tokachi_plain_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:1;;height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:130922_Lake_Toya_Toyako_Hokkaido_Japan03s3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/130922_Lake_Toya_Toyako_Hokkaido_Japan03s3.jpg/132px-130922_Lake_Toya_Toyako_Hokkaido_Japan03s3.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/130922_Lake_Toya_Toyako_Hokkaido_Japan03s3.jpg/198px-130922_Lake_Toya_Toyako_Hokkaido_Japan03s3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/130922_Lake_Toya_Toyako_Hokkaido_Japan03s3.jpg/264px-130922_Lake_Toya_Toyako_Hokkaido_Japan03s3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:1;;height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG/132px-Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG/198px-Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG/264px-Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:1;;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SoyaCapeView.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/SoyaCapeView.JPG/132px-SoyaCapeView.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/SoyaCapeView.JPG/198px-SoyaCapeView.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/SoyaCapeView.JPG/264px-SoyaCapeView.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:1;;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_Sapporo_Mt.Moiwa_0049.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Japan_Sapporo_Mt.Moiwa_0049.jpg/132px-Japan_Sapporo_Mt.Moiwa_0049.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Japan_Sapporo_Mt.Moiwa_0049.jpg/198px-Japan_Sapporo_Mt.Moiwa_0049.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Japan_Sapporo_Mt.Moiwa_0049.jpg/264px-Japan_Sapporo_Mt.Moiwa_0049.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div>上:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="十勝平原">十胜平原</a><br />中:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E7%88%BA%E6%B9%96" title="洞爺湖">洞爺湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%A8%9C%E9%83%AD" title="五稜郭">五稜郭</a><br />下:<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%B0%B7%E5%B2%AC" title="宗谷岬">宗谷岬</a>、從<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%B1" title="藻岩山">藻岩山</a>眺望<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82" title="札幌市">札幌市</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84040992">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="北海道旗幟"><img alt="北海道旗幟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg/150px-Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg/225px-Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg/300px-Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="840" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%97%97" title="北海道旗">北海道旗</a></small></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="北海道官方標誌"><img alt="北海道官方標誌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Emblem_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Emblem_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Emblem_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="571" /></a></span><br /><small>北海道徽</small></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_02edit_Hokkaido_prefecture.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="北海道在日本的位置"><img alt="北海道在日本的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_02edit_Hokkaido_prefecture.svg/250px-Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_02edit_Hokkaido_prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_02edit_Hokkaido_prefecture.svg/375px-Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_02edit_Hokkaido_prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_02edit_Hokkaido_prefecture.svg/500px-Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_02edit_Hokkaido_prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><br /><small>北海道在日本的位置</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture_Ja.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="北海道地圖"><img alt="北海道地圖" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture_Ja.svg/250px-Map_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture_Ja.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture_Ja.svg/375px-Map_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture_Ja.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture_Ja.svg/500px-Map_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture_Ja.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="387" /></a></span><br /><small>北海道地圖</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">坐标:<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&params=43_N_142_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">43°N</span> <span class="longitude">142°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">43°N 142°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43; 142</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">国家</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="日本地理分区">区域</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">北海道地方</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本島嶼列表">岛屿</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">北海道</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3%E5%BB%B3%E6%89%80%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%B0" title="都道府縣廳所在地">道廳</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82" title="札幌市">札幌市</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">政府<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E4%BA%8B" title="知事">知事</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%B4%E9%81%93" title="鈴木直道">鈴木直道</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">面积<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <span class="nowrap">总计</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">83,423.84平方公里</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">面积排名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3%E9%9D%A2%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本都道府縣面積列表">第1名</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">人口<span style="font-weight:normal">(2022年1月31日)</span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 總計</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">5,178,430人</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">61.8人/平方公里</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="">JP-01</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F" title="全國地方公共團體編號">道編號</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">01000-6</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府所在地</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">〒060-8588<br />北海道札幌市中央區北3條西6丁目1番地</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">电话</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">11-231-4111</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="郡 (日本)">郡</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">74</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91" title="市町村">市町村</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">35市129町15村<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">邻近自治体</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="青森县">青森县</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">道花</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0" title="玫瑰">玫瑰</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">道樹</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%B1%BC%E9%B3%9E%E4%BA%91%E6%9D%89" title="鱼鳞云杉">魚鱗雲杉</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩哈林雲杉" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="アカエゾマツ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E5%93%88%E6%9E%97%E9%9B%B2%E6%9D%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩哈林雲杉(页面不存在)">薩哈林雲杉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%BE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%84" class="extiw" title="ja:アカエゾマツ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">アカエゾマツ</span></a></span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">道鳥</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%A0%82%E9%B6%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="丹頂鶴">丹頂鶴</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/">http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>北海道</b>(日语:<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja">北海道</span></span><small>/</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">ほっかいどう</span></span>〔<span title="歷史假名遣表記"><span lang="ja">ほくかいだう</span></span>〕<sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Hokkaidō</span></i> <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="ja:北海道"><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em; font-size:85%;">*</span></a><small><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: .1 .1em;">/</span></small><small><a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:日語"><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></small></sup>,<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/26\/Ja-hokkaido.ogg\/Ja-hokkaido.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u767c\u97f3"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Ja-hokkaido.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Ja-hokkaido.ogg/Ja-hokkaido.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">發音</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja-hokkaido.ogg" title="File:Ja-hokkaido.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>)是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>最北的<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="都道府縣">一級行政區</a>,亦是日本现时唯一以「<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)#日本" title="道 (行政区划)">道</a>」為名的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="日本行政區劃">行政区划</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3%E5%BB%B3%E6%89%80%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%B0" title="都道府縣廳所在地">首府</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82" title="札幌市">札幌市</a>。北海道面積共83,423.84平方公里(包括有爭議的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南千島群島">南千島群島</a>在內)<sup id="cite_ref-gsimenseki_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsimenseki-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,是日本面積最大的一級行政區。全道共轄有35<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91" title="市町村">市</a>、129<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91" title="市町村">町</a>、15<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%91_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="村 (日本)">村</a>。2022年時,北海道的人口有518萬人<sup id="cite_ref-Population1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,是日本人口排名第八多的一級行政區。 </p><p>北海道亦可以指該行政區所在的島嶼,即北海道本島,其與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="本州">本州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="四国">四国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州</a>並列為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="日本地理">日本本土</a>四大島,該島面積為77,983.92平方公里,是日本面積第二大島嶼<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,亦是世界面積第21大島嶼。除了北海道本島之外,北海道亦轄有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6" title="渡島大島">渡島大島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="利尻島">利尻島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%96%87%E5%B3%B6" title="禮文島">禮文島</a>等離島。日本有領土主張但未實際控制的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南千島群島">南千島群島</a>在日方行政區劃下亦由北海道管轄。 </p><p>由於北海道是在近代才進行開發,因此<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">人口密度</a>遠較日本其他地區為低。這使得北海道保有廣闊未經人工干擾的自然環境,吸引眾多遊客到訪。北海道亦擁有日本四分之一的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="農地">農地</a>,使其成為日本食糧提供的重要基地<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。據品牌總和研究所的調查,自2009年開始,北海道已連續14年位居都道府縣魅力度排行榜首位<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地名由來"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E5.90.8D.E7.94.B1.E4.BE.86"></span>地名由來</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:地名由來"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>北海道的原住民<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E6%97%8F" title="阿伊努族">阿伊努族</a>在過去曾將北海道、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E9%A0%81%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="庫頁島">庫頁島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="千島群島">千島群島</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="阿伊努人">阿伊努人</a>居住的地區統稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E8%8C%85%E5%B8%8C%E5%88%A9" title="阿伊努茅希利">阿伊努茅希利</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="阿伊努語假名">阿伊努語假名</a>:<span lang="ain">アィヌモシㇼ</span>,转写:Aynu-mosir),意為人類居住之處。而<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="和人">和人</a>(日本古代居民)則稱阿伊努人為<a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%A6%E5%A4%B7" title="蝦夷">蝦夷</a>,稱北海道為<a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="蝦夷地">蝦夷地</a><sup id="cite_ref-Name_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Name-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,並且還曾以渡島、越渡島等名稱代指北海道<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:4</sup>。在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="明治政府(页面不存在)">明治政府</a>設立<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E4%BD%BF" title="開拓使">開拓使</a>之後,政府考慮修改蝦夷地這一名稱,對此曾多次在北海道探險的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%B5%A6%E6%AD%A6%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%8E" title="松浦武四郎">松浦武四郎</a>向政府提出了日高見道、北加伊道、海北道、海島道、東北道、千島道等六個方案<sup id="cite_ref-Name_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Name-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,最後政府決定採用「北加伊道」這一名稱,並效仿<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BE%8B%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6" title="日本律令制">律令制</a>時代<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%95%BF%E4%B8%83%E9%81%93" title="五畿七道">五畿七道</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="東海道">東海道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="南海道">南海道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="西海道">西海道</a>之地域劃分,將「加伊」(<span lang="ja">かい/カイ</span>、kai)改為同音的「海」字,成為北海道這個名稱的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93_(%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6)" title="北海道 (令制)">由來</a><sup id="cite_ref-Name_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Name-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="象徵"><span id=".E8.B1.A1.E5.BE.B5"></span>象徵</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:象徵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%97%97" title="北海道旗">北海道旗</a>和北海道徽均制定於1967年5月1日,其設計是以<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E4%BD%BF" title="開拓使">開拓使</a>時代的北辰旗為理念的七稜星圖案<sup id="cite_ref-symbol_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symbol-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道道鳥是棲息於<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E6%BF%95%E5%8E%9F" title="釧路濕原">釧路湿原</a>等地的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%A0%82%E9%B6%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="丹頂鶴">丹頂鶴</a>,在1964年通過道民投票決定<sup id="cite_ref-symbol_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symbol-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。道樹是北海道代表性針葉樹<a href="/wiki/%E9%B1%BC%E9%B3%9E%E4%BA%91%E6%9D%89" title="鱼鳞云杉">魚鱗雲杉</a>,在1964年通過道民投票決定<sup id="cite_ref-symbol_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symbol-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。道花是<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0" title="玫瑰">玫瑰</a>,在1978年通過一般募集選出<sup id="cite_ref-symbol_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symbol-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:地理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geofeatures_map_of_Hokkaido_Japan_ja.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Geofeatures_map_of_Hokkaido_Japan_ja.svg/250px-Geofeatures_map_of_Hokkaido_Japan_ja.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Geofeatures_map_of_Hokkaido_Japan_ja.svg/375px-Geofeatures_map_of_Hokkaido_Japan_ja.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Geofeatures_map_of_Hokkaido_Japan_ja.svg/500px-Geofeatures_map_of_Hokkaido_Japan_ja.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="1593" /></a><figcaption>北海道的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%9B%BE" title="地形图">地形圖</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:140724_Asahi-dake_and_Sugatami-no-ike_Hokkaido_Japan01bs3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/140724_Asahi-dake_and_Sugatami-no-ike_Hokkaido_Japan01bs3.jpg/250px-140724_Asahi-dake_and_Sugatami-no-ike_Hokkaido_Japan01bs3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/140724_Asahi-dake_and_Sugatami-no-ike_Hokkaido_Japan01bs3.jpg/375px-140724_Asahi-dake_and_Sugatami-no-ike_Hokkaido_Japan01bs3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/140724_Asahi-dake_and_Sugatami-no-ike_Hokkaido_Japan01bs3.jpg/500px-140724_Asahi-dake_and_Sugatami-no-ike_Hokkaido_Japan01bs3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>旭岳是北海道的最高峰</figcaption></figure> <p>北海道位於日本的北部,南部隔<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E8%BD%BB%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="津轻海峡">津輕海峽</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="本州">本州</a>相望,北面則隔<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%B0%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="宗谷海峽">宗谷海峽</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E9%A0%81%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="庫頁島">庫頁島</a>(亦稱薩哈林島,日文稱樺太)相對,西面是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a>,東面則是<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%B5%B7" title="鄂霍次克海">鄂霍次克海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="千島群島">千島群島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道本島面積77,983.92平方公里,是日本面積第二大島嶼,在世界全部島嶼中則位列<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭島">愛爾蘭島</a>之後<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E6%8B%89%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯帕尼奧拉島">伊斯帕尼奧拉島</a>之前<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,是世界面積第21大的島嶼。 </p><p>在地圖上,北海道呈現菱形外形。位於北海道中部的石狩低地帶將北海道分為東西兩部分,西側是半島地區,東側則是主體地區<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2</sup>。蝦夷山系自南方的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="日高山脈">日高山脈</a>開始往北延伸,南北縱貫北海道的主體地區,在北海道中部分為往東延伸的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="石狩山地" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="石狩山地"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石狩山地(页面不存在)">石狩山地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:石狩山地"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">石狩山地</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%A6%8B%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0" title="北見山地">北見山地</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,以及向西、向北延伸的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="夕張山地" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="夕張山地"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%95%E5%BC%B5%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夕張山地(页面不存在)">夕張山地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%95%E5%BC%B5%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:夕張山地"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">夕張山地</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天鹽山地" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="天塩山地"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E9%B9%BD%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天鹽山地(页面不存在)">天鹽山地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%A1%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:天塩山地"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">天塩山地</span></a></span>)</span></span>。其中石狩山地是北海道地勢最高的地區,北海道最高峰<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%AA%E5%B1%B1_(%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93)" title="大雪山 (北海道)">大雪山</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B2%B3" title="旭岳">旭岳</a>(標高2,219米)也位於這一山系<sup id="cite_ref-Chikei_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chikei-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在這兩大山地之間是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="富良野盆地" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="富良野盆地"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%8C%E8%89%AF%E9%87%8E%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="富良野盆地(页面不存在)">富良野盆地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%89%AF%E9%87%8E%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:富良野盆地"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">富良野盆地</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="上川盆地" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="上川盆地"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上川盆地(页面不存在)">上川盆地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:上川盆地"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">上川盆地</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="名寄盆地" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="名寄盆地"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8D%E5%AF%84%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="名寄盆地(页面不存在)">名寄盆地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%AF%84%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:名寄盆地"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">名寄盆地</span></a></span>)</span></span>等盆地。北海道東部地區的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E5%BA%8A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="知床半島">知床半島</a>等地的山脈是千島弧的延長<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:34</sup>。在這一山地以南則是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="十勝平原">十勝平原</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E9%87%A7%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%B0" title="根釧台地">根釧台地</a>等平原。主體地區和半島地區的分界線石狩低地帶北起<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E7%81%A3" title="石狩灣">石狩灣</a>,南至<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>,是北海道人口最集中的地區。而半島地區主要包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E5%B3%B6%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="渡島半島">渡島半島</a>和道南山地。渡島半島為東北日本弧內帶的延長,在地形和地質上與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="東北地方">東北地方</a>相似。渡島半島地形多山,並且其中有不少是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山">火山</a>。 </p><p>北海道本島附近有多座離島,多分佈在日本海一側地區。北海道的主要離島包括了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E5%B3%B6%E5%B0%8F%E5%B3%B6" title="渡島小島">渡島小島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6" title="渡島大島">渡島大島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="奧尻島">奧尻島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%B3%A3%E5%B3%B6" title="天賣島">天賣島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%92%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="燒尻島">燒尻島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="利尻島">利尻島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%96%87%E5%B3%B6" title="禮文島">禮文島</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>北海道共有13條<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%B4%9A%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB" title="一級水系">一級水系</a>河流。在北海道的所有河流中,長度最長、流域面積最大的是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E5%B7%9D" title="石狩川">石狩川</a>。石狩川的長度達268公里,是日本第三長河流,位列<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%BF%83%E5%B7%9D" title="信濃川">信濃川</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9D" title="利根川">利根川</a>之後;流域面積為14,330平方公里,僅次於利根川,是日本流域面積第二大河流<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。石狩川在過去曾是一條極易<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%BE%E6%BF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氾濫">氾濫</a>的河流。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治">明治</a>時期,為了解決水患問題,日本政府對石狩川進行截彎取直,使得石狩川的長度縮短了約100公里<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除了石狩川之外,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%B9%BD%E5%B7%9D" title="天鹽川">天鹽川</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E5%B7%9D" title="十勝川">十勝川</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E5%B7%9D" title="釧路川">釧路川</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等河流亦是北海道的一級水系中長度較長、流域面積較大的河流。 </p><p>北海道亦是日本湖泊較多的地區,日本面積前20大湖泊中有9個位於北海道。北海道的湖泊大致可分為兩種類型。一是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3%E6%B9%96" title="火山口湖">火山口湖</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lake_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lake-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,以<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%92%E6%B9%96" title="阿寒湖">阿寒湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%91%A8%E6%B9%96" title="摩周湖">摩周湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%96%9C%E8%B7%AF%E6%B9%96" title="屈斜路湖">屈斜路湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E7%AC%8F%E6%B9%96" title="支笏湖">支笏湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E7%88%BA%E6%B9%96" title="洞爺湖">洞爺湖</a>等湖泊為代表。另一類型是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BF%B9%E6%B9%96" title="海迹湖">海跡湖</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lake_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lake-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,典型例子包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E5%91%82%E9%96%93%E6%B9%96" title="佐呂間湖">佐呂間湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B5%B0%E6%B9%96" title="網走湖">網走湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E5%8F%96%E6%B9%96" title="能取湖">能取湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E8%93%AE%E6%B9%96" title="風蓮湖">風蓮湖</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="領土問題"><span id=".E9.A0.98.E5.9C.9F.E5.95.8F.E9.A1.8C"></span>領土問題</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:領土問題"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>之間存在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="南千島群島主權問題">南千島群島主權問題</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B2%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="南千岛群岛">南千島群島</a>(日本稱為北方四島)是指<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%87%E6%8D%89%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="擇捉島">擇捉島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國後島">國後島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E4%B8%B9%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="色丹島">色丹島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E8%88%9E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="齒舞群島">齒舞群島</a>四個島嶼。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰">二戰</a>末期,<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>派軍隊佔領了這一地區<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本認為在1855年簽訂《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%B2%E9%80%9A%E5%A5%BD%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="日俄和亲通好条约">日俄和親通好條約</a>》時,條約規定兩國國境位於擇捉島和得撫島之間,因此得撫島以南的南千島群島是日本的固有領土<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而俄羅斯則認為四島被俄國統治是二戰的結果,因此南千島群島理所應當是俄國的領土。南千島群島現在由俄羅斯實際統治,而日本自戰後開始就持續對俄羅斯要求歸還南千島群島<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現在日俄之間有舉辦無簽證交流等活動,試圖促進北海道人和南千島群島俄羅斯居民之間的交流<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="氣候"><span id=".E6.B0.A3.E5.80.99"></span>氣候</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:氣候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Odori_Park_Sapporo_Snow_Festival_2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Odori_Park_Sapporo_Snow_Festival_2007.JPG/190px-Odori_Park_Sapporo_Snow_Festival_2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Odori_Park_Sapporo_Snow_Festival_2007.JPG/285px-Odori_Park_Sapporo_Snow_Festival_2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Odori_Park_Sapporo_Snow_Festival_2007.JPG/380px-Odori_Park_Sapporo_Snow_Festival_2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="3390" /></a><figcaption>冬季的北海道是名符其實的雪國,當地人亦利用冰雪舉辦觀光活動。圖為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E9%9B%AA%E7%A5%AD" title="札幌雪祭">札幌雪祭</a></figcaption></figure> <p>北海道除了<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8D%97" title="道南">道南</a>的部分沿海地區屬<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西岸海洋性氣候" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="西岸海洋性気候"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西岸海洋性氣候(页面不存在)">西岸海洋性氣候</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99" class="extiw" title="ja:西岸海洋性気候"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">西岸海洋性気候</span></a></span>)</span></span>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B9%BF%E6%B6%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副热带湿润气候">溫帶濕潤氣候</a>之外,幾乎所有地區都屬於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%80%A7%E6%B9%BF%E6%B6%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带大陆性湿润气候">温带大陆性湿润气候</a>,少数高海拔地区符合<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%AF%92%E5%B8%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="亚寒带">亚寒带</a>标准。北海道的年平均氣溫在5至10度之間,年均降水量在800至1,800毫米之間,和日本其他地區相比,北海道的氣候較為涼爽乾燥<sup id="cite_ref-Chikei_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chikei-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道全年氣候溫差頗大,雖然夏季的北海道氣候頗為涼爽,但冬季時大部分地區的平均氣溫可達到零下8度以下,其中又尤以<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8C%97_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="道北 (日本)">道北</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%9D%B1" title="道東">道東</a>地區更為寒冷。特別是內陸的盆地地區全年溫度變化劇烈,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="旭川市">旭川市</a>曾在1902年錄得零下41度的記錄<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,是日本的寒極。但這一地區也是北海道夏季較為炎熱的地區。此外北海道全境均被日本政府定為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="豪雪地帶" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="豪雪地帯"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%AA%E9%9B%AA%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="豪雪地帶(页面不存在)">豪雪地帶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E9%9B%AA%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%AF" class="extiw" title="ja:豪雪地帯"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">豪雪地帯</span></a></span>)</span></span>,部分地區更被指定為特別豪雪地帶<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%81" title="洋流">洋流</a>給北海道的氣候帶來很大影響,<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對馬暖流" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="対馬海流"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E9%A6%AC%E6%9A%96%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對馬暖流(页面不存在)">對馬暖流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BE%E9%A6%AC%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%81" class="extiw" title="ja:対馬海流"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">対馬海流</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E6%BD%AE" title="親潮">親潮</a>(千島海流)等洋流途徑北海道海域。按照氣候特徵,北海道可以分為鄂霍次克海沿岸、日本海沿岸、太平洋沿岸東部和太平洋沿岸西部四個氣候區<sup id="cite_ref-Chikei_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chikei-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本海沿岸地區比其他三個地區氣溫略高,在夏季降水較少,冬季則受來自大陸的季風影響而降雪較多。太平洋沿岸西部地區包括了自渡島半島南部至日高的太平洋沿岸地區,夏季較為溫暖且降水較多,冬季則相對溫暖且降雪較少。太平洋沿岸東部地區包括了十勝至根室的太平洋沿岸地區,夏季涼爽且降水較少。冬季雖頗為寒冷但降雪亦少。這一地區還以多霧而聞名,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E5%B8%82" title="釧路市">釧路市</a>有「日本霧都」之稱<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。鄂霍次克海沿岸地區則全年降水相對較少。在冬季時鄂霍次克海海域會有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流冰" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="流氷"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E5%86%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流冰(页面不存在)">流冰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B7" class="extiw" title="ja:流氷"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">流氷</span></a></span>)</span></span>接近海岸<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,使得北海道成為世界上緯度最南的能見到流冰的地區<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外鄂霍次克海沿岸地區在夏季易發生<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%9A%E9%A2%A8" title="焚風">焚風</a>現象<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,因此這一地區在夏季時有出現溫度反而比北海道南部更高的情況。 </p><p>2018年8月17日,因北海道上空有冷空氣進入,大雪山系黑岳落下初雪,比平均值提早了約一個月,創下自1974年(昭和49年)以來最早降雪的紀錄<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但在同年冬季,稚內市、旭川市等地的初雪記錄均比往年平均值大幅延遲<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代歷史"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>古代歷史</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:古代歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nemurohanto_chashiatogun_onnemotochashi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Nemurohanto_chashiatogun_onnemotochashi.jpg/230px-Nemurohanto_chashiatogun_onnemotochashi.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Nemurohanto_chashiatogun_onnemotochashi.jpg/345px-Nemurohanto_chashiatogun_onnemotochashi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Nemurohanto_chashiatogun_onnemotochashi.jpg/460px-Nemurohanto_chashiatogun_onnemotochashi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>根室半島的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="愛努式砦" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="チャシ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E5%8A%AA%E5%BC%8F%E7%A0%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛努式砦(页面不存在)">愛努式砦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B7" class="extiw" title="ja:チャシ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">チャシ</span></a></span>)</span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>現在的考古證據證明北海道自<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="舊石器時代">舊石器時代</a>開始,就有人類活動。北海道內現在發現的最早的考古遺跡,是位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E6%AD%B3%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="千歳市">千歳市</a>祝梅的三角山遺跡。這一遺跡發現的石器製造距今兩萬年之前<sup id="cite_ref-History_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:10-13</sup>。在北海道亦發現了<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%A9%E6%96%87%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="繩文時代">繩文時代</a>的土器。但和本州以南地區不同的是,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="彌生時代">彌生文化</a>並未傳播至北海道,取而代之的是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%AD%E7%BB%B3%E6%96%87%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="续绳文时代">续绳文文化</a><sup id="cite_ref-History_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:23</sup>。續繩文文化在北海道一直持續到7世紀。在續繩文文化時代之後,北海道進入<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E6%96%87%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="擦文文化">擦文文化</a>時期,這一時代一直持續到14世紀。擦文文化是北海道地區特有的文化,亦是北海道最後的陶器文化時期<sup id="cite_ref-Okhotsk_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okhotsk-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在擦文文化興盛的同時,北海道的鄂霍次克海沿岸地區則進入<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="鄂霍次克文化">鄂霍次克文化</a>時期<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但隨著阿伊努人勢力的逐漸擴大,鄂霍次克文化最終被擦文文化同化。 </p><p>14世紀後,北海道進入<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="阿伊努文化">阿伊努文化</a>時期<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:20</sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E6%97%8F" title="阿伊努族">阿伊努人</a>主要以狩獵和漁業為生,風俗習慣和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大和民族">和人</a>大相徑庭。現在北海道多地仍有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿伊努式砦" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="チャシ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E5%BC%8F%E7%A0%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿伊努式砦(页面不存在)">阿伊努式砦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B7" class="extiw" title="ja:チャシ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">チャシ</span></a></span>)</span></span>的遺跡<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。與此同時,自<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E7%94%BA%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="室町時代">室町時代</a>開始,和人亦到達渡島半島的南端,並且開始在北海道定居<sup id="cite_ref-Naritachi_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naritachi-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。和人和阿伊努人之間雖頻繁展開貿易,但兩者之間的衝突也不少。隨著和人移居者的逐漸增加使得和人地的面積擴大,和人和阿伊努人之間的對立亦日益激化。1457年時,阿伊努人就和和人之間爆發<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%B7%E7%9B%B8%E6%9B%BC%E5%A4%B7%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="坷相曼夷之戰">坷相曼夷之戰</a>。1669年,又爆發<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%9F%E5%A5%A2%E5%85%81%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="沙牟奢允之戰">沙牟奢允之戰</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,阿伊努人在這場戰爭中戰敗,從此在與和人關係中完全淪為從屬地位。但阿伊努人的反抗並未停止,1789年,又爆發<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%8C%E7%9B%AE%E6%A2%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="國後目梨之戰">國後目梨之戰</a>。這場戰爭之後,阿伊努人口開始大幅減少,並且阿伊努人逐漸由和人的貿易對象轉變為被和人僱傭的人群,完全被融入和人的經濟體系之中,傳統的阿伊努社會開始解體<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在江戶時代後期,隨著俄羅斯的領土擴張至遠東地區,北海道近海海域亦開始時有俄羅斯船舶出現。俄國曾多次對日本要求通商,但被日本拒絕。為了加強對俄羅斯的防衛,幕府派出<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E4%B8%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%86%85" title="最上德内">最上德內</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="近藤重藏" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="近藤重蔵"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%97%A4%E9%87%8D%E8%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="近藤重藏(页面不存在)">近藤重藏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%97%A4%E9%87%8D%E8%94%B5" class="extiw" title="ja:近藤重蔵"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">近藤重蔵</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E5%AE%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="間宮林藏">間宮林藏</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%83%BD%E5%BF%A0%E6%95%AC" title="伊能忠敬">伊能忠敬</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等人探險北海道、庫頁島和千島群島地區,和人對北海道的地理狀況亦有了更多了解。1799年,幕府將東蝦夷地改為幕府直轄地。1807年又將西蝦夷地改為幕府直轄地。不過在俄羅斯的威脅減輕之後,1821年,全蝦夷地又重新成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%89%8D%E8%97%A9" title="松前藩">松前藩</a>領地<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="開拓期至二戰時期"><span id=".E9.96.8B.E6.8B.93.E6.9C.9F.E8.87.B3.E4.BA.8C.E6.88.B0.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F"></span>開拓期至二戰時期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:開拓期至二戰時期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG/260px-Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG/390px-Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG/520px-Hakodate_Goryokaku_Panorama_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%A8%9C%E9%83%AD" title="五稜郭">五稜郭</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1868年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="明治維新">明治新政府</a>曾先後設立<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="箱館裁判所" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="箱館裁判所"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%B1%E9%A4%A8%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="箱館裁判所(页面不存在)">箱館裁判所</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%B1%E9%A4%A8%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" class="extiw" title="ja:箱館裁判所"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">箱館裁判所</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="箱館府" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="箱館府"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%B1%E9%A4%A8%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="箱館府(页面不存在)">箱館府</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%B1%E9%A4%A8%E5%BA%9C" class="extiw" title="ja:箱館府"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">箱館府</span></a></span>)</span></span>,由此將北海道地區納入新政府的統治之內<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但在同年12月,舊幕府軍佔領<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%A8%9C%E9%83%AD" title="五稜郭">五稜郭</a>進而統治北海道地區,其首領<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%8E%E6%9C%AC%E6%AD%A6%E6%8F%9A" title="榎本武揚">榎本武揚</a>宣布成立<a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="蝦夷共和國">蝦夷共和國</a>政權,並和新政府軍之間爆發<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%B1%E9%A4%A8%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="箱館戰爭">箱館戰爭</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1869年6月,在舊幕府軍投降之後,新政府正式納入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93_(%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6)" title="北海道 (令制)">北海道全境</a>,並使其成為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%95%BF%E4%B8%83%E9%81%93" title="五畿七道">五畿七道</a>之後第八個以「<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)#日本" title="道 (行政区划)">道</a>」作為統稱的地區,轄下設11國86郡。 </p><p>1869年,新政府設立<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E4%BD%BF" title="開拓使">開拓使</a>治理北海道,由此北海道開始進入大規模開發時代<sup id="cite_ref-Naritachi_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naritachi-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。新政府鼓勵失去工作的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">武士</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AB%E6%97%8F_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="士族 (日本)">士族</a>移民北海道,並且為了加強國防,還設置了屯田兵制度<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除了政府動員的移民之外,亦有自發性的大規模移民,其代表例為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B6%E5%BB%A3%E5%B8%82" title="帶廣市">帶廣</a>的晩成社<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1882年,開拓使被廢止,政府改設<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E7%B8%A3" title="函館縣">函館縣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E7%B8%A3" title="札幌縣">札幌縣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%AE%A4%E7%B8%A3" title="根室縣">根室縣</a>等三縣以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81" title="農商務省">農商務省</a>北海道事業管理局來管理北海道<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:28-30</sup>。但由於北海道人口分佈不均,使<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%80%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="三縣一局時代">三縣一局</a>的體制效率不彰。1886年,政府決定廢除三縣一局,改設由<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="內務省 (日本)">內務省</a>直轄的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BB%B3_(1886%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941947%E5%B9%B4)" title="北海道廳 (1886年—1947年)">北海道廳</a><sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:31-33</sup>。日本政府在這一時期聘請眾多<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E9%9B%87%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="御雇外國人">外籍顧問</a>來到北海道,代表人物為札幌農學校教頭<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="威廉·史密斯·克拉克">威廉·史密斯·克拉克</a><sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:38</sup>。外國技師為北海道帶來了先進的技術和思想,並培育出眾多人才,在北海道的現代化過程中做出了重大貢獻<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:36-39</sup>。 </p><p>隨著開拓事業的進展,越來越多日本人移民北海道,其中又以和北海道氣候較為接近的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="東北地方">東北地方</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="北陸地方">北陸地方</a>最多<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,此外<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="四國">四國</a>人也在北海道移民中有較高比重<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:105-114</sup>。自1869年至1936年的這段期間,共有約300萬人移居北海道<sup id="cite_ref-Naritachi_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naritachi-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道的遼闊土地和煤炭資源使得農業和能源產業成為北海道戰前的重點開發產業<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:25</sup>。然而殘酷的勞動環境和沉重的工作量使得北海道成為工人運動頻發的地區<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:188-194</sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A3" title="大正">大正</a>時期,受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="大正民主">大正民主</a>浪潮的影響,北海道文化運動興盛,教育也日趨普及。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="北海道帝國大學">北海道帝國大學</a>就是成立在大正時期。並且這一時期有多份地方報紙創刊<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:196-202</sup>。在進入<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C" title="昭和">昭和</a>時代之後,北海道接連受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C" title="昭和金融恐慌">金融恐慌</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="昭和農業危機" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="昭和農業恐慌"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昭和農業危機(页面不存在)">農業恐慌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:昭和農業恐慌"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">昭和農業恐慌</span></a></span>)</span></span>的波及。 </p><p>隨著日本逐步偏重參與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰">二戰</a>,日本開始在北海道發展軍需產業,並對言論自由和教育文化領域嚴格管控<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:239-247</sup>。雖然北海道是日本國內在二戰中受空襲較少的地區,但北海道仍在1945年7月遭到了美軍的空襲,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%82" title="室蘭市">室蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="函館">函館</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%AE%A4%E5%B8%82" title="根室市">根室</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E5%B8%82" title="釧路市">釧路</a>等都市在空襲中受災嚴重<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:252</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="戰後至今"><span id=".E6.88.B0.E5.BE.8C.E8.87.B3.E4.BB.8A"></span>戰後至今</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:戰後至今"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ST_SN3104.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/ST_SN3104.jpg/220px-ST_SN3104.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/ST_SN3104.jpg/330px-ST_SN3104.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/ST_SN3104.jpg/440px-ST_SN3104.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2868" data-file-height="1968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1972%E5%B9%B4%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="1972年冬季奧林匹克運動會">1972年札幌冬奧會</a>使得北海道的基礎設施有了大幅改善,圖為因奧運而修建的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82%E7%87%9F%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%90%B5" title="札幌市營地下鐵">札幌市營地下鐵</a></figcaption></figure> <p>在二戰末期和結束之初,北海道一度陷入空前混亂狀態。<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>軍隊在1945年8月佔領了<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%BA%E5%A4%AA%E5%BB%B3" title="樺太廳">庫頁島南部</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="千島群島">千島群島</a>地區,造成大量難民湧入北海道,亦遺留下<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南千島群島">南千島群島</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="南千島群島爭議">領土問題</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E9%81%94%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="史達林">史達林</a>曾提出讓蘇聯以<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E8%90%8C%E5%B8%82" title="留萌市">留萌</a>—<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E5%B8%82" title="釧路市">釧路</a>為界佔領北海道北部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" title="北海道登陸計畫">計畫</a>,但被美國總統<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E9%AD%AF%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="杜魯門">杜魯門</a>拒絕<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:308</sup>。同年10月4日,美軍的先遣部隊登陸函館,並迅速分駐北海道各地,北海道進入被<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="同盟國 (第二次世界大戰)">同盟國</a>軍隊佔領時期。駐北海道的美軍數量最多時曾有24,000至25,000人<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:27</sup>。直到1954年,美軍才全面撤出北海道。 </p><p>另一方面,北海道成為因戰敗而從海外回到日本的日本人最大的移民目的地之一。在1945年和1946年,有24萬原本居住在外國的日本人移民北海道<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:28</sup>,這也為日後北海道的經濟發展提供了大量人手。在戰前,北海道並不適用於府縣制,地方自治體系和日本本土其他地區並不相同。直到1947年<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日本國憲法">新憲法</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E6%B3%95_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="地方自治法 (日本)">地方自治法</a>公佈之後,北海道於該年5月3日起正式以「<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)#日本" title="道 (行政区划)">道</a>」作為其行政區名稱,成為和日本其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="都道府縣">都府縣</a>完全相等的自治體<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:27</sup>,並成立民選的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北海道廳" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北海道庁"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BB%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北海道廳(页面不存在)">道廳(道政府)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BA%81" class="extiw" title="ja:北海道庁"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北海道庁</span></a></span>)</span></span>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="北海道議會">道議會</a>。1948年,日本政府制定了北海道綜合開發計劃,象徵北海道進入戰後新的開發時期<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:324-330</sup>。 </p><p>在1960年代之前,由於出產煤炭,北海道亦曾是日本的能源基地<sup id="cite_ref-Coal_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coal-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但在1960年代之後,隨著<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油">石油</a>成為主要能源,北海道的礦業陷入衰退。取而代之的是,公共建設和服務業成為北海道經濟的支柱<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:332-334</sup>。然而這也導致北海道經濟出現依賴公共投資的問題<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1972年,札幌舉辦了<a href="/wiki/1972%E5%B9%B4%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="1972年冬季奧林匹克運動會">冬奧會</a>。這場賽事大幅提高了北海道的國際知名度,亦使得北海道的基礎設施建設有了飛躍性的進步<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而依賴公共投資的經濟模式卻使得北海道的經濟發展在1980年代之後逐漸放緩。1970年代時,北海道的經濟成長率和日本全國的平均水準相當。但在進入1980年代之後,北海道的經濟成長率和日本全國的平均水準的差距日益增大<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:29</sup>。1997年,北海道最大的銀行<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%8B%93%E6%AE%96%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="北海道拓殖銀行">北海道拓殖銀行</a>破產<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,給北海道經濟帶來嚴重打擊。現在旅遊業、商業、資訊產業等新產業成為北海道發展較快的行業<sup id="cite_ref-Economic_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economic-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但北海道仍面臨人口減少和轉變產業結構等諸多議題。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:人口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Growth_rate_map_of_municipalities_of_Hokkaido,_Japan_2015-2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Growth_rate_map_of_municipalities_of_Hokkaido%2C_Japan_2015-2020.svg/300px-Growth_rate_map_of_municipalities_of_Hokkaido%2C_Japan_2015-2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Growth_rate_map_of_municipalities_of_Hokkaido%2C_Japan_2015-2020.svg/450px-Growth_rate_map_of_municipalities_of_Hokkaido%2C_Japan_2015-2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Growth_rate_map_of_municipalities_of_Hokkaido%2C_Japan_2015-2020.svg/600px-Growth_rate_map_of_municipalities_of_Hokkaido%2C_Japan_2015-2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>北海道市町村人口增減率分布圖(比較2015年及2020年人口普查數字) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82553231">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important;padding:0!important}}.mw-parser-output table.multicol{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top!important}</style><div> <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="table-layout: fixed; width: 100% !important"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:1.6em;"> <b>增加</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#44AA00; color:black;"> </span> 7.5 - 10.0 %</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#66FF00; color:black;"> </span> 5.0 - 7.5 %</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#99FF55; color:black;"> </span> 2.5 - 5.0 %</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CCFFAA; color:black;"> </span> 0.0 - 2.5 %</div>   </td> <td style="padding-right: 1.6em;"> <b>減少</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFAAAA; color:black;"> </span> 0.0 - 2.5 %</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF5555; color:black;"> </span> 2.5 - 5.0 %</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> 5.0 - 7.5 %</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#AA0000; color:white;"> </span> 7.5 - 10.0 %</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#550000; color:white;"> </span> 10.0 % 以上</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></figcaption></figure> <p>北海道是日本人口密度最低的地區,截止2014年,每平方公里只有人口約66人<sup id="cite_ref-Population2_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1884年時,北海道的人口僅有227,900人,是日本人口最少的行政區<sup id="cite_ref-Population3_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。之後隨著移民的大量流入,北海道人口急速增加。1908年時,北海道有人口1,322,400人,升至日本第10位<sup id="cite_ref-Population3_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1920年時,北海道有人口2,359,183人,排名日本第三<sup id="cite_ref-Population3_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。戰前的北海道和<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="關東地方">關東地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="近畿地方">近畿地方</a>並列為日本三大人口流入地區,並且人口流入率達47.1%,遠超關東地方的12.9%和近畿地方的14.3%<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:24</sup>。戰前移民北海道的人口中以<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="東北地方">東北地方</a>出身者最多,其次是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="北陸地方">北陸地方</a>,兩者都是地理位置和風土氣候較為接近北海道的地區<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:51</sup>。在二戰剛結束時,由於大量人口自外國湧入,北海道人口在短時間內劇增。1945年時,北海道有人口3,518,389人,曾短暫位居日本首位<sup id="cite_ref-Population3_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但在戰後,北海道的人口增長速度遠低於日本平均值。1959年時,北海道人口曾佔日本全國總人口的5.40%,但在2000年時,這一數字已降至4.48%<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:51</sup>。北海道人口數在1997年達到569.9萬人的峰值後持續減少<sup id="cite_ref-Population4_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population4-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2014年時,北海道共有人口約544萬人。預計在2040年時,北海道的人口可能只有419萬人<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。造成北海道人口減少的主要原因是由於北海道的生育率低於日本平均水準。北海道的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E5%92%8C%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%87" title="总和生育率">總和生育率</a>自1967年開始就低於日本平均值。2013年,北海道的總和生育率僅有1.28(日本平均值為1.43),僅高於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都">東京都</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%9C" title="京都府">京都府</a>,位列日本倒數第三位<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道也是日本生育年齡人口比例較低,老齡人口比例較高的地區<sup id="cite_ref-Population5_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population5-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外自1960年代開始,北海道由人口流入地變為人口流出地亦是導致北海道人口增長減緩的重要原因<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>就人口分佈來看,北海道的人口高度集中於中部的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="石狩平原">石狩平原</a>地區。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82" title="札幌市">札幌市</a>人口超過190萬,集中了北海道三分之一以上的人口<sup id="cite_ref-Population2_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。實際上在1940年之前,<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B8%82" title="函館市">函館市</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A8%BD%E5%B8%82" title="小樽市">小樽市</a>的人口都曾超過札幌市人口<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但戰後以來,北海道人口往札幌集中的趨勢日益明顯,札幌所在的道央地區亦成為北海道人口最多的地區。與之相對的是煤礦相繼關閉的空知綜合振興局則成為北海道人口減少幅度最大的地區<sup id="cite_ref-Population3_61-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。從人口密度來看,除了石狩平原之外,旭川盆地和道南的沿海地區亦是北海道人口密度較高的地區。而面積廣大的道北、道東地區則人口密度較低,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%AB%98%E7%94%BA_(%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93)" title="日高町 (北海道)">日高</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E8%90%8C%E5%B8%82" title="留萌市">留萌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%B0%B7%E6%9D%91" title="宗谷村">宗谷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%9C%E5%B1%B1%E9%83%A1" title="檜山郡">檜山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%AE%A4%E5%B8%82" title="根室市">根室</a>五個振興局一直都是北海道人口最少的地區<sup id="cite_ref-Population3_61-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。城市人口比例較高也是北海道人口分佈的一大特徵。北海道人口前十位的都市(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82" title="札幌市">札幌市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="旭川市">旭川市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B8%82" title="函館市">函館市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E5%B8%82" title="釧路市">釧路市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AB%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%82" title="苫小牧市">苫小牧市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B6%E5%BB%A3%E5%B8%82" title="帶廣市">帶廣市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A8%BD%E5%B8%82" title="小樽市">小樽市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%A6%8B%E5%B8%82" title="北見市">北見市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%88%A5%E5%B8%82" title="江別市">江別市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%82" title="室蘭市">室蘭市</a>)的合計人口佔北海道總人口的近三分之二<sup id="cite_ref-Population2_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在人口遷移方面,北海道現在每年向道外人口流出近萬人,但道內的人口遷移數超過20萬人<sup id="cite_ref-Population5_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population5-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,道內移動率遠超道外移動率。除了札幌市所在的石狩振興局之外,北海道所有綜合振興局和振興局都呈現人口流出狀況,顯示出北海道人口往札幌集中的趨勢<sup id="cite_ref-Population5_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population5-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在少數族裔方面,北海道是日本唯一的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%8A%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="愛努人">愛努人</a>聚居地。愛努人是北海道的原住民,但在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時代">江戶時代</a>中後期之後,愛努人人口數大幅減少且受到和人同化,民族特徵嚴重被淡化。1873年時,北海道有人口111,196人,其中愛努人有16,272人,愛努人當時北海道總人口的14.63%<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:211</sup>。但現在北海道的愛努人人口僅有23,782人<sup id="cite_ref-Ainu_Population_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ainu_Population-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。就愛努人人口分佈來看,以日高支廳的愛努人人口數量最多,為7,530人,佔日高支廳總人口的9.2%;其次是膽振支廳,有愛努人人口6,622人。這兩個支廳的愛努人人口佔北海道愛努總人口的59.5%<sup id="cite_ref-Ainu_Population_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ainu_Population-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除了這兩個支廳之外,石狩支廳和釧路支廳也是北海道愛努人口較多的地區。除了阿伊努人之外,北海道還有少数被蘇聯從<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%BA%E5%A4%AA%E5%BB%B3" title="樺太廳">樺太廳</a>驅逐來的<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="鄂罗克人">鄂羅克人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%A4%AB%E8%B5%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="尼夫赫人">尼夫赫人</a>生活<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外在2018年時,北海道還居住有31,726名在日外國人<sup id="cite_ref-Population1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。外國人的人口中,以<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="在日中国人">在日中國人</a>最多,其次則是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日本朝鮮族">在日韓國·朝鮮人</a>。此外北海道還有一定數量的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E4%BA%BA" title="在日菲律賓人">在日菲律賓人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="在日美國人">在日美國人</a>居住<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="行政區劃"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E5.8D.80.E5.8A.83"></span>行政區劃</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:行政區劃"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="北海道行政區劃">北海道行政區劃</a></div> <p>由於面積遼闊,北海道的行政區劃系統和日本其他一級行政區略有不同。根據日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E6%B3%95_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="地方自治法 (日本)">地方自治法</a>155條第1項,北海道在道和市町村級行政區之間設有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E5%BB%B3" title="支廳">支廳</a>,以提高行政效率<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2008年6月,北海道議會通過法律,將北海道的14個支廳改為9個綜合振興局和5個振興局<sup id="cite_ref-Shichou_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shichou-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。原定將綜合振興局作為振興局的上級機關,但引發被降格為振興局的地區表示反彈<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2009年3月,北海道議會修改法律,規定綜合振興局和振興局為相同等級的行政單位,然而綜合振興局可依相關條例的規定代管與其相鄰之振興局的轄下廣域<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在支廳改為綜合振興局和振興局之後,除了網走支廳改名為鄂霍次克綜合振興局之外,其他支廳並未更名。另外<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%8C%E5%BB%B6%E7%94%BA" title="幌延町">幌延町</a>由留萌支廳改劃入宗谷綜合振興局,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%8C%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A7%E7%94%BA" title="幌加內町">幌加內町</a>由空知支廳改劃入上川綜合振興局<sup id="cite_ref-Shichou_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shichou-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現在北海道管轄有9個綜合振興局和5個振興局,以及74個郡、35個市、129個町和15個村。 </p><p>雖然並非正式的行政區劃,在地理上一般多將北海道分為<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8D%97" title="道南">道南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AE" title="道央">道央</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8C%97_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="道北 (日本)">道北</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%9D%B1" title="道東">道東</a>四個地區。道南包括渡島綜合振興局和檜山振興局;道央包括石狩、日高兩個振興局和空知、胆振、後志三個綜合振興局;道北包括留萌振興局和上川、宗谷綜合振興局;道東包括根室振興局和鄂霍次克、十勝、釧路綜合振興局<sup id="cite_ref-Area_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,有時會將日高振興局和膽振綜合振興局劃入道南而非道央<sup id="cite_ref-Area_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;道東因面積龐大而有時會被再細分為鄂霍次克(鄂霍次克綜合振興局)、十勝(十勝綜合振興局)、釧根(釧路綜合振興局和根室振興局)三個地區<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。下為各綜合振興局及振興局位置與資料: </p> <table border="0" style="float:left; width:200%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:80%;"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right; font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable">名称 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F" title="全國地方公共團體編號">編號</a> </th> <th class="unsortable">振興局<br />所在地 </th> <th class="unsortable">所管區域 </th> <th>市 </th> <th>町 </th> <th>村 </th> <th>人口<br />(人)<sup id="cite_ref-Population1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>面積<br />(km²)<sup id="cite_ref-gsimenseki_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsimenseki-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%9F%A5%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="空知綜合振興局">空知綜合振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01420-6 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E8%A6%8B%E6%BE%A4%E5%B8%82" title="岩見澤市">岩見澤市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">空知・(石狩) </td> <td>10 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>299,132 </td> <td>5,791.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="石狩振興局">石狩振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01300-5 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82" title="札幌市">札幌市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">石狩 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2,374,577 </td> <td>3,540.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="後志綜合振興局">後志綜合振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01390-1 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%B1%E7%9F%A5%E5%AE%89%E7%94%BA" title="俱知安町">俱知安町</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">後志 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>213,005 </td> <td>4,305.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E6%8C%AF%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="膽振綜合振興局">胆振綜合振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01570-9 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%82" title="室蘭市">室蘭市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">胆振・(日高) </td> <td>4 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>396,043 </td> <td>3,697.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%AB%98%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="日高振興局">日高振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01600-4 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%A6%E6%B2%B3%E7%94%BA" title="浦河町">浦河町</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">日高 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>67,971 </td> <td>4,811.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E5%B3%B6%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="渡島綜合振興局">渡島綜合振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01330-7 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B8%82" title="函館市">函館市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">渡島・(檜山) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>400,823 </td> <td>3,937.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%9C%E5%B1%B1%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="檜山振興局">檜山振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01360-9 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%B7%AE%E7%94%BA" title="江差町">江差町</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">檜山 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>37,120 </td> <td>2,630.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="上川綜合振興局">上川綜合振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01450-8 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="旭川市">旭川市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">上川・(留萌) </td> <td>4 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>501,046 </td> <td>10,618.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E8%90%8C%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="留萌振興局">留萌振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01480-0 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E8%90%8C%E5%B8%82" title="留萌市">留萌市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">留萌 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>46,834 </td> <td>3,445.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%B0%B7%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="宗谷綜合振興局">宗谷綜合振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01510-5 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%9A%E5%86%85%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="稚内市">稚内市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">宗谷 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>65,039 </td> <td>4,626.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="鄂霍次克綜合振興局">鄂霍次克綜合振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01540-7 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B5%B0%E5%B8%82" title="網走市">網走市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">網走 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>285,525 </td> <td>10,690.52 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="十勝綜合振興局">十勝綜合振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01630-6 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B6%E5%BB%A3%E5%B8%82" title="帶廣市">帶廣市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">十勝 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>342,668 </td> <td>10,831.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="釧路綜合振興局">釧路綜合振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01660-8 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E5%B8%82" title="釧路市">釧路市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">釧路・(根室) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>233,713 </td> <td>5,997.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%AE%A4%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="根室振興局">根室振興局</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">01690-0 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%AE%A4%E5%B8%82" title="根室市">根室市</a> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">根室 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>(6) </td> <td>76,043 </td> <td>3,497.34(8,500.39) </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="width:20%;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center"><div style="position:relative"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Subprefectures_of_Hokkaido.svg/500px-Subprefectures_of_Hokkaido.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Subprefectures_of_Hokkaido.svg/750px-Subprefectures_of_Hokkaido.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Subprefectures_of_Hokkaido.svg/1000px-Subprefectures_of_Hokkaido.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="528" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:141px; top:137px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%9F%A5%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="空知綜合振興局">空知</a></small></b></div><div style="position:absolute; left:114px; top:147px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="石狩振興局">石狩</a></small></b></div><div style="position:absolute; left:59px; top:172px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="後志綜合振興局">後志</a></small></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:109px; top:212px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E6%8C%AF%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="膽振綜合振興局">胆振</a></small></b></div><div style="position:absolute; left:164px; top:222px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%AB%98%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="日高振興局">日高</a></small></b></div><div style="position:absolute; left:79px; top:237px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E5%B3%B6%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="渡島綜合振興局">渡島</a></small></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:19px; top:247px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%9C%E5%B1%B1%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="檜山振興局">檜山</a></small></b></div><div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:92px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="上川綜合振興局">上川</a></small></b></div><div style="position:absolute; left:134px; top:62px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E8%90%8C%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="留萌振興局">留萌</a></small></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:144px; top:27px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%B0%B7%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="宗谷綜合振興局">宗谷</a></small></b></div><div style="position:absolute; left:214px; top:112px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="鄂霍次克綜合振興局">鄂霍次克</a></small></b></div><div style="position:absolute; left:209px; top:162px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="十勝綜合振興局">十勝</a></small></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:254px; top:164px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="釧路綜合振興局">釧路</a></small></b></div><div style="position:absolute; left:294px; top:142px"><b><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%AE%A4%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="根室振興局">根室</a></small></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:364px; top:97px"><b><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南千島群島">南千島群島</a>)</small></b></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>注:根室振興局所管轄的部分区域位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南千島群島">南千島群島</a>,日本未實際管轄。根室振興局括號內的面積是包括南千島群島(5003.05平方千米)時的面積。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>政治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:政治"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hokkaido-Govt-Main-Bldg-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hokkaido-Govt-Main-Bldg-01.jpg/270px-Hokkaido-Govt-Main-Bldg-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hokkaido-Govt-Main-Bldg-01.jpg/405px-Hokkaido-Govt-Main-Bldg-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hokkaido-Govt-Main-Bldg-01.jpg/540px-Hokkaido-Govt-Main-Bldg-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2781" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北海道廳舍" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北海道庁舎"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BB%B3%E8%88%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北海道廳舍(页面不存在)">北海道廳本廳舍(主樓)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BA%81%E8%88%8E" class="extiw" title="ja:北海道庁舎"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北海道庁舎</span></a></span>)</span></span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="日本眾議院">日本眾議院</a>實施中選區制時,北海道曾劃分為5個中選舉區,擁有23個議席<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本改實施<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%B6" title="比例代表制">比例代表</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E7%AB%8B%E5%88%B6" title="并立制">並立制</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80%E5%88%B6" title="小選區制">小選區制</a>之後,北海道現在擁有12個小選區<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時北海道還擁有8席比例代表議員席次。 </p><p>北海道曾有「民主黨王國」之稱<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,改為小選區制之後,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC1998%E5%B9%B4)" title="民主党 (日本1998年)">民主黨</a>長期以來在北海道佔有優勢。就選區選舉來看,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC1%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第1區">北海道第1區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC8%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第8區">北海道第8區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC9%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第9區">北海道第9區</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC10%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第10區">北海道第10區</a>在2012年之前歷任當選議員都是民主黨人<sup id="cite_ref-Election_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Election-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC2%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第2區">北海道第2區</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC6%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第6區">北海道第6區</a>,民主黨候選人的當選次數也超過<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="自民黨 (日本)">自民黨</a><sup id="cite_ref-Election_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Election-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC3%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第3區">北海道第3區</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC3%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第3區">北海道第3區</a>,民主黨和自民黨候選人的當選次數平分秋色<sup id="cite_ref-Election_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Election-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC7%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第7區">北海道第7區</a>則是自民黨略佔優勢<sup id="cite_ref-Election_80-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Election-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC5%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第5區">北海道第5區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC11%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第11區">北海道第11區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AC%AC12%E5%8D%80" title="北海道第12區">北海道第12區</a>,民主黨的候選人只當選過一次,自民黨擁有壓倒性優勢<sup id="cite_ref-Election_80-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Election-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC45%E5%B1%86%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B8%BD%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="第45屆日本眾議院議員總選舉">2009年眾議院選舉</a>時,除了北海道7區之外,所有選區都是民主黨候選人當選<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC46%E5%B1%86%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B8%BD%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="第46屆日本眾議院議員總選舉">2012年的眾議院選舉</a>時,民主黨在北海道遭遇全軍覆沒<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC47%E5%B1%86%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B8%BD%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="第47屆日本眾議院議員總選舉">2014年眾議院選舉</a>時,民主黨也只在三個選區取得議席,而自民黨則在八個候選區取勝<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC48%E5%B1%86%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B8%BD%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="第48屆日本眾議院議員總選舉">2017年眾議院選舉</a>時,自民黨在北海道贏得6個選舉區議席,民主黨繼承政黨之一的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC2017%E5%B9%B4)" title="立憲民主黨 (日本2017年)">立憲民主黨</a>贏得5個小選舉區的議席,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%98%8E%E9%BB%A8" title="公明黨">公明黨</a>贏得1個選舉區議席<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC49%E5%B1%86%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B8%BD%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="第49屆日本眾議院議員總選舉">2021年眾議院選舉</a>亦維持了這一數字<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而在比例代表方面,自2000年眾議院總選舉開始至2009年眾議院總選舉為止,民主黨在北海道獲得的比例代表議席和得票數一直超過自民黨。但在2012年的眾議院總選舉時,自民黨在北海道獲得的比例代表議席和票數首次超過了民主黨。2017年和2021年眾議院選舉時,自民黨也維持了北海道內比例代表第一大黨的地位<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="日本參議院">參議院</a>選舉方面,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%8D%80" title="北海道選舉區">北海道選舉區</a>擁有四個議席,是日本的參議院選舉區中面積最大的二人區<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道選舉區在過去就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="日本社會黨">日本社會黨</a>得票較多的選舉區。1990年代中期之後,民主黨繼承了社會黨的大部分票源,在參議院選舉中亦佔有優勢。自1998年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC18%E5%B1%86%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E9%80%9A%E5%B8%B8%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="第18屆日本參議院議員通常選舉">第18屆日本參議院議員通常選舉</a>以來,北海道選舉區的歷次選舉都是由民主黨和自民黨共同瓜分兩席議席。值得一提的是,除了自民黨和民主黨等全國性政黨之外,北海道擁有只在北海道進行政治活動的地區性政黨<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%BB%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0" title="新黨大地">新黨大地</a><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在地方自治方面,戰後北海道呈現保守和革新勢力交替執政的局面。1947年4月北海道首次<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%9F%A5%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="北海道知事">知事</a>選舉時,革新系的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="田中敏文" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="田中敏文"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%8F%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="田中敏文(页面不存在)">田中敏文</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%8F%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="ja:田中敏文"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">田中敏文</span></a></span>)</span></span>當選<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:309</sup>,並且連任兩次<sup id="cite_ref-Chiji_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiji-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,一直任職到1959年。同時帶廣、釧路、旭川、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%A6%8B%E5%B8%82" title="北見市">北見</a>等北海道內的多個較大都市也是由革新派人士執政。然而在第四次知事選舉時,保守系的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="町村金五" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="町村金五"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91%E9%87%91%E4%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="町村金五(页面不存在)">町村金五</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91%E9%87%91%E4%BA%94" class="extiw" title="ja:町村金五"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">町村金五</span></a></span>)</span></span>當選<sup id="cite_ref-Chiji_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiji-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。町村之後繼任知事的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="堂垣內尚弘" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="堂垣内尚弘"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%82%E5%9E%A3%E5%85%A7%E5%B0%9A%E5%BC%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="堂垣內尚弘(页面不存在)">堂垣內尚弘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E5%9E%A3%E5%86%85%E5%B0%9A%E5%BC%98" class="extiw" title="ja:堂垣内尚弘"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">堂垣内尚弘</span></a></span>)</span></span>也是保守派人士<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:338-340</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chiji_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiji-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但在同時,革新勢力仍然在多個都市擁有執政地位。1973年時,北海道的33個市中有14個市由革新系市長執政<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:28</sup>。1983年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E8%B7%AF%E5%AD%9D%E5%BC%98" class="mw-redirect" title="横路孝弘">横路孝弘</a>當選北海道知事,使得北海道再次由革新派人士執政<sup id="cite_ref-Chiji_92-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiji-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。横路孝弘的繼任者<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%80%E9%81%94%E4%B9%9F" title="堀達也">堀達也</a>在政治路線上也傾向革新派。2003年,得到自民黨支持的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%8B%E6%98%A5%E7%BE%8E" title="高橋春美">高橋春美</a>在北海道知事選舉中當選,並擔任此職至2019年<sup id="cite_ref-Chiji_92-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiji-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2019年,前夕張市長<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%B4%E9%81%93" title="鈴木直道">鈴木直道</a>當選北海道知事<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他在2023年成功連任<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="北海道議會">北海道議會</a>現在共有100個議席。自民黨是北海道議會最大黨派,擁有49席議員;其次是立憲民主黨,擁有23席議員。此外<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%98%8E%E9%BB%A8" title="公明黨">公明黨</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8" title="日本共產黨">日本共產黨</a>等政黨也在北海道議會有議員<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道的財政狀況極為嚴峻。2013年度,北海道的實質公債費比率達21.7%,位居日本首位<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經濟"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F"></span>經濟</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:經濟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2014年,北海道的道內生產總值約為184,846億日元<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2011年,北海道人均道民收入為247萬5千日元,排名日本第36位,低於日本平均水準<sup id="cite_ref-Economic_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economic-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。自1980年代開始,北海道的經濟增長率就長期低於日本平均水準<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:83</sup>。1996年時,北海道的道內生產總值曾達到20.9兆日元。但在次年爆發北海道開殖銀行破產事件之後,北海道經濟陷入長期蕭條<sup id="cite_ref-Population4_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population4-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。和日本其他地區相比,製造業佔北海道經濟的比重較低,而服務業則在北海道經濟中有重要地位<sup id="cite_ref-Sangyo_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sangyo-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="農業"><span id=".E8.BE.B2.E6.A5.AD"></span>農業</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:農業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:140724_Biei_Hokkaido_Japan01s8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/140724_Biei_Hokkaido_Japan01s8.jpg/280px-140724_Biei_Hokkaido_Japan01s8.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/140724_Biei_Hokkaido_Japan01s8.jpg/420px-140724_Biei_Hokkaido_Japan01s8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/140724_Biei_Hokkaido_Japan01s8.jpg/560px-140724_Biei_Hokkaido_Japan01s8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5700" data-file-height="3800" /></a><figcaption>美瑛地區的農田</figcaption></figure> <p>北海道是日本的糧食基地,擁有日本全國四分之一的農地<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2010年時,北海道的糧食自給率達到173%(按熱量單位計算),位居日本第一<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道的農業生產金額在2012年達10,536億日元,同樣高居日本首位<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道是日本眾多農產品的最大產地,包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="小麥">小麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%86" title="大豆">大豆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%88%B4%E8%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="馬鈴薯">馬鈴薯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9C%E8%8F%9C" title="甜菜">甜菜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%95%8E%E9%BA%A5" title="蕎麥">蕎麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E8%94%A5" title="洋蔥">洋蔥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%93%9C" title="南瓜">南瓜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%B1%B3" title="玉米">玉米</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E5%A5%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="牛奶">牛奶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E8%82%89" title="牛肉">牛肉</a>、輕種<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="馬">馬</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-Agriculture_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agriculture-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於北海道面積遼闊,各地自然條件差異很大,因此不同地區的主要農產品也大不相同。<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8D%97" title="道南">道南</a>地區和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="後志綜合振興局">後志綜合振興局</a>以畜產品、蔬菜、果樹等集約型農業較為發達<sup id="cite_ref-Agriculture_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agriculture-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。中部的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="石狩振興局">石狩振興局</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%9F%A5%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="空知綜合振興局">空知綜合振興局</a>內的平原地區和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="上川綜合振興局">上川綜合振興局</a>內的盆地地區是日本重要的稻米種植區,這一地區生產的主要稻米品種包括了「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="星之夢 (大米)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="ほしのゆめ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%9F%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%A2_(%E5%A4%A7%E7%B1%B3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="星之夢 (大米)(页面不存在)">星之夢</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%BB%E3%81%97%E3%81%AE%E3%82%86%E3%82%81" class="extiw" title="ja:ほしのゆめ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">ほしのゆめ</span></a></span>)</span></span>」、「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="七星 (大米)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="ななつぼし"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%83%E6%98%9F_(%E5%A4%A7%E7%B1%B3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="七星 (大米)(页面不存在)">七星</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A4%E3%81%BC%E3%81%97" class="extiw" title="ja:ななつぼし"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">ななつぼし</span></a></span>)</span></span>」等。此外這一地區也生產不少蕎麥、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E7%93%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="蜜瓜">蜜瓜</a>、洋蔥、甜菜等作物<sup id="cite_ref-Agriculture_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agriculture-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="鄂霍次克綜合振興局">鄂霍次克綜合振興局</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="十勝綜合振興局">十勝綜合振興局</a>則是日本最大的旱田地帶,主要生產小麥、玉米、馬鈴薯、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%86" class="mw-redirect" title="豆">豆</a>類等作物<sup id="cite_ref-Agriculture_102-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agriculture-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%B0%B7%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="宗谷綜合振興局">宗谷綜合振興局</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="釧路綜合振興局">釧路綜合振興局</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%AE%A4%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="根室振興局">根室振興局</a>雖然因氣候過於冷涼而不適耕種,但卻是日本最大的大規模<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E6%A5%AD" title="乳業">乳業</a>地區,成群的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B6%E7%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="奶牛">奶牛</a>是這一地區最常見的風景<sup id="cite_ref-Agriculture_102-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agriculture-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%AB%98%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="日高振興局">日高振興局</a>則以生產輕種馬而聞名<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:91</sup>。 </p><p>北海道地處寒暖流交界處,是絕佳的漁場。北海道的漁業開始於江戶時期的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E9%AF%A1" title="太平洋鯡">鯡魚</a>捕撈業<sup id="cite_ref-100_years_52-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:129</sup>,現在水產業也在北海道的農業中佔據重要地位。北海道的海面漁業養殖量及生產量、漁業經營體數、漁業從業者數和漁船數都是日本第一<sup id="cite_ref-Fishery_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fishery-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。按照主要水產品種類的不同,北海道的漁業可分為日本海地區、鄂霍次克海地區、太平洋東部地區和太平洋西部地區四大地區<sup id="cite_ref-Fishery_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fishery-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道主要的水產品有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E9%B1%BC" title="大马哈鱼">大馬哈魚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E7%BA%BF%E7%8B%AD%E9%B3%95" title="黄线狭鳕">黃線狹鱈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%88%80%E9%AD%9A" title="秋刀魚">秋刀魚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E8%B3%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="烏賊">烏賊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%BE%E5%A4%B7%E7%9B%98%E6%89%87%E8%B4%9D" title="虾夷盘扇贝">帆立貝</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道森林覆蓋率達71%,高於日本平均水準<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,是日本林業較為發達的地區。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工業"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E6.A5.AD"></span>工業</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:工業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>北海道的製造業則開始於明治時期的官營工廠。由於北海道擁有豐富的林業資源,造紙是北海道發展較早的工業。此外鋼鐵、化工、機械等產業也在戰前就開始發展<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:110</sup>。進入戰後,北海道的工業發展仍然很大程度上受到政策左右。在1950年代至1970年代,大規模重化學工業成為北海道工業發展的龍頭。而在1980年代之後,汽車零部件和電子產業則開始抬頭<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:111</sup>。2014年,北海道工業從業人口超過16萬人,工業品生產額有66,728億日元<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道工業的特徵之一是食品、飲料等地方資源型工業的比重較大,而機械製造等加工組裝型工業的比重較低<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現在北海道的工業部門中,以食品、木材、造紙、鋼鐵、重化學等產業較為重要。其中食品產業產值佔北海道工業總產值的三成,是北海道工業體系中規模最大的產業<sup id="cite_ref-Industry_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Industry-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。就北海道的工業地理來看,道央地區是北海道最重要的工業區。道央地區的工業產值佔北海道總量的近三分之二<sup id="cite_ref-Industry_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Industry-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而室蘭市是北海道工業產值最多的城市,之後依次是苫小牧市、札幌市、釧路市和千歳市<sup id="cite_ref-Industry_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Industry-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。為促進北海道製造業發展,北海道政府曾先後推出以汽車、機械、化工等產業為主的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苫小牧東部開發計劃" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="苫小牧東部開発計画"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%AB%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%A7%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苫小牧東部開發計劃(页面不存在)">苫小牧東部開發計劃</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%AB%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%A7%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB" class="extiw" title="ja:苫小牧東部開発計画"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">苫小牧東部開発計画</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、以信息技術產業為主的札幌創業創出特區<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等產業特區政策,期待能促進北海道產業的自立。 </p><p>北海道的礦業曾頗為發達,其中又以煤礦最為重要<sup id="cite_ref-Coal_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coal-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道內有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="石狩煤田" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="石狩炭田"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E7%85%A4%E7%94%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石狩煤田(页面不存在)">石狩煤田</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E7%82%AD%E7%94%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:石狩炭田"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">石狩炭田</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="釧路煤田" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="釧路炭田"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E7%85%A4%E7%94%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="釧路煤田(页面不存在)">釧路煤田</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E7%82%AD%E7%94%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:釧路炭田"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">釧路炭田</span></a></span>)</span></span>等多處煤田,煤礦挖掘亦興盛一時<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但由於石油成為主要能源,加上日本國內煤礦開採成本高昂導致1960年代之後煤礦礦山相繼關閉<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現在北海道僅釧路有一處煤礦仍在開採<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於北海道經濟曾長期依賴公共工程,使得建設業在北海道經濟中亦有一定地位,其在北海道經濟中的比重大幅高於日本平均水準<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="服務業"><span id=".E6.9C.8D.E5.8B.99.E6.A5.AD"></span>服務業</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:服務業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nishihama_Seicomart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Nishihama_Seicomart.jpg/280px-Nishihama_Seicomart.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Nishihama_Seicomart.jpg/420px-Nishihama_Seicomart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Nishihama_Seicomart.jpg/560px-Nishihama_Seicomart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Seicomart" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="セイコーマート"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicomart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicomart(页面不存在)">Seicomart</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" class="extiw" title="ja:セイコーマート"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">セイコーマート</span></a></span>)</span></span>是北海道店數最多的便利店</figcaption></figure> <p>服務業是北海道經濟的支柱產業。觀光產業在北海道經濟中發揮了重要作用。北海道憑藉其較為原始的自然、涼爽的夏季和冬季雪國景觀等旅遊資源吸引了眾多來自日本國內外的遊客。2015年時,來到北海道旅遊的遊客數達到5,477萬人<sup id="cite_ref-Tourism_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tourism-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。近年來前往北海道旅遊的外國人遊客大幅增加。1997年時,北海道的外國人遊客數為12萬人。在2015年時,這一數字增加到208萬人。北海道的外國人遊客中以台灣、韓國、香港和泰國最多<sup id="cite_ref-Tourism_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tourism-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。觀光客給北海道帶來大量消費支出,亦促進交通、餐飲、住宿等相關行業的發展。就遊客訪問地區來看,以札幌及其附近的道央地區最多,此外函館、旭川、道東亦吸引較多遊客到訪<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:124-129</sup>。 </p><p>在商業和金融業方面,由於北海道是日本最早開始<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="車社會化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Effects of the automobile on societies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8A%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="車社會化(页面不存在)">車社會化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_the_automobile_on_societies" class="extiw" title="en:Effects of the automobile on societies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Effects of the automobile on societies</span></a></span>)</span></span>的地區,因此也比日本其他地區更早開始進入賣場的大型化和郊外化時代<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:118</sup>。這也使得北海道較早開始面對市中心商業區衰退的問題。現在北海道政府試圖通過補助金和培育人才等措施來改善中心市區空洞化的問題<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2013年,北海道全年商品銷售額有164,552億日元<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現在日本的大型商業企業中,<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="HOMAC" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="ホーマック"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HOMAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HOMAC(页面不存在)">HOMAC</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" class="extiw" title="ja:ホーマック"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">ホーマック</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9C%E5%BE%97%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%B6%E5%B1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="宜得利家居">宜得利家居</a><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Seicomart" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="セイコーマート"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicomart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicomart(页面不存在)">Seicomart</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" class="extiw" title="ja:セイコーマート"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">セイコーマート</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>都是創業自北海道的企業。1997年北海道拓殖銀行的破產給北海道金融業帶來巨大衝擊。現在北海道的兩大地方銀行是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B4%8B%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="北洋銀行">北洋銀行</a><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="北海道銀行">北海道銀行</a><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。札幌還設有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="札幌證券交易所">札幌證券交易所</a>,協助當地企業融資<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。信息技術產業現在是北海道服務業中發展較快的產業。2010年,<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="櫻花網路" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="さくらインターネット"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AB%BB%E8%8A%B1%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="櫻花網路(页面不存在)">櫻花網路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%95%E3%81%8F%E3%82%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" class="extiw" title="ja:さくらインターネット"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">さくらインターネット</span></a></span>)</span></span>宣布將在石狩市建設日本最大的數據中心<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。札幌車站北口一帶聚集了眾多中小科技企業,有「札幌矽谷」(<span lang="ja">サッポロバレー</span>)之稱<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="札幌科技園區" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="札幌テクノパーク"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%9C%92%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="札幌科技園區(页面不存在)">札幌科技園區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E3%83%86%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8E%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" class="extiw" title="ja:札幌テクノパーク"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">札幌テクノパーク</span></a></span>)</span></span>則除了中小企業之外,亦有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E9%80%9A" title="富士通">富士通</a>和日本<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>等大型企業設廠<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="阿伊努文化"><span id=".E9.98.BF.E4.BC.8A.E5.8A.AA.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>阿伊努文化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:阿伊努文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nibutani_Ainu_Cise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Nibutani_Ainu_Cise.jpg/250px-Nibutani_Ainu_Cise.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Nibutani_Ainu_Cise.jpg/375px-Nibutani_Ainu_Cise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Nibutani_Ainu_Cise.jpg/500px-Nibutani_Ainu_Cise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>愛努式房屋</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="阿伊努人">阿伊努人</a>是北海道的原住民,擁有極其獨特的文化,阿伊努文化的代表例子包括了被稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尤加拉" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="ユーカラ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尤加拉(页面不存在)">尤加拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9" class="extiw" title="ja:ユーカラ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">ユーカラ</span></a></span>)</span></span>的口述文學<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%AC%84%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="干欄式建築">干欄式建築</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿伊努式住宅" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="チセ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿伊努式住宅(页面不存在)">阿伊努式住宅</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%BB" class="extiw" title="ja:チセ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">チセ</span></a></span>)</span></span>;被列入聯合國非物質文化遺產的古典阿伊努舞蹈<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。使用大量油脂的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" title="阿伊努料理">阿伊努料理</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。阿伊努人在古代不論男女皆有刺青<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,並且使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二十进制">20進制</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:20</sup>,亦是他們和其他日本人相比的獨特之處。然而江戶時代中後期開始,阿伊努文化被強制同化,加上阿伊努人人口大幅減少,且阿伊努人沒有自己的文字,使得阿伊努文化受到嚴重衝擊,<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="阿伊努語">阿伊努語</a><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>也被列入瀕危語言名單<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而阿伊努文化對北海道的影響難以抹去,例如現在北海道的絕大多數地名都是來自於阿伊努語<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現在日本政府已開始立法保護阿伊努文化<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,民間復興阿伊努文化的運動也趨於活躍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="方言"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"></span>方言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:方言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>北海道地區的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日本語">日本語</a>方言是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北海道方言" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北海道方言"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北海道方言(页面不存在)">北海道方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="extiw" title="ja:北海道方言"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北海道方言</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Dialect_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dialect-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,是東日本方言的一種。北海道方言內部可再分為沿海地區的海岸部方言(又稱濱言葉,其中又以函館地區特徵最強)和其他地區的內陸部方言<sup id="cite_ref-Dialect_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dialect-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中內陸部方言更加接近標準日語。由於北海道是移民社會,來自不同地方的人在溝通時卻需要使用同一語言,使得北海道方言是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="日本語言">日語方言</a>中較為接近標準日語的方言。札幌市的方言甚至被認為比東京地區的方言更接近標準日語<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3</sup>。但在發音和用詞上,北海道方言仍和標準日語有所不同。然而近年,由於大眾媒體的影響,加上擁有前往道外讀書工作經驗的人口增加,使得北海道方言正日趨接近標準日語。典型的北海道方言特徵之一是使用過去時來表達尊敬,而這一特點甚至影響了日本其他地區的日語<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道方言具代表性的詞彙包括了<span lang="ja">道産子</span>(原為一種馬,現指北海道人)、<span lang="ja">サビオ</span>(意為創可貼)、<span lang="ja">観楓会</span>(意為秋季的宴會)、<span lang="ja">汽車</span>(意為列車,日本其他地區多用<span lang="ja">電車</span>)等<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="飲食"><span id=".E9.A3.B2.E9.A3.9F"></span>飲食</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:飲食"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asahikawara-men.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Asahikawara-men.jpg/270px-Asahikawara-men.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Asahikawara-men.jpg/405px-Asahikawara-men.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Asahikawara-men.jpg/540px-Asahikawara-men.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E6%8B%89%E9%BA%B5" title="旭川拉麵">旭川拉麵</a></figcaption></figure> <p>北海道是日本重要的農產地,豐富的食材也造就了北海道多樣的飲食文化。北海道水產資源豐富,使得<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%BD%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="壽司">壽司</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%83%E8%9F%B9" title="螃蟹">蟹肉</a>料理等各類海鮮料理成為北海道具代表性的高級料理。北海道的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海鮮丼" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="海鮮丼"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E9%AE%AE%E4%B8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海鮮丼(页面不存在)">海鮮丼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%AE%AE%E4%B8%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:海鮮丼"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">海鮮丼</span></a></span>)</span></span>亦有多個種類,其中又以<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="松前金槍魚三色丼" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="松前マグロ三色丼"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E5%89%8D%E9%87%91%E6%A7%8D%E9%AD%9A%E4%B8%89%E8%89%B2%E4%B8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松前金槍魚三色丼(页面不存在)">松前金槍魚三色丼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%89%8D%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E4%B8%89%E8%89%B2%E4%B8%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:松前マグロ三色丼"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">松前マグロ三色丼</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、函館的活烏賊丼<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、釧路的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="勝手丼" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="勝手丼"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9D%E6%89%8B%E4%B8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勝手丼(页面不存在)">勝手丼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%9D%E6%89%8B%E4%B8%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:勝手丼"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">勝手丼</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等最為知名。北海道的肉食文化和日本其他地區頗為不同。十勝地區的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AC%E8%82%89%E8%93%8B%E9%A3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="豬肉蓋飯">豬肉蓋飯</a>因使用帶有甜味的醬油烹飪使得豬肉的甜味較強,在日本的豬肉蓋飯中獨具特色<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D%E6%B1%97%E7%BE%8A%E8%82%89" title="成吉思汗羊肉">成吉思汗烤肉</a>是北海道最著名的鄉土料理之一<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。戰後的糧食緊缺時期因羊肉價格低廉,烤羊肉在北海道風行一時,成吉思汗烤肉因此普及,北海道也成為日本僅有的大量食用羊肉的地區(另一處是沖繩縣)。現在雖然糧食充沛,北海道也已很少產羊肉,但成吉思汗烤肉卻已成為北海道最著名的料理之一。北海道是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9D%A2" title="日本拉面">日本拉麵</a>文化最為興盛的地區之一<sup id="cite_ref-Ramen_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramen-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北海道拉麵" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北海道のラーメン"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%8B%89%E9%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北海道拉麵(页面不存在)">北海道拉麵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:北海道のラーメン"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北海道のラーメン</span></a></span>)</span></span>中,以<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E6%8B%89%E9%BA%B5" title="旭川拉麵">旭川拉麵</a>(醬油風味)<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E9%BA%B5" title="札幌拉麵">札幌拉麵</a><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="函館拉麵" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="函館ラーメン"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E6%8B%89%E9%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="函館拉麵(页面不存在)">函館拉麵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:函館ラーメン"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">函館ラーメン</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>三種拉麵最具代表性。現在北海道是日本拉麵文化最為興盛的地區,札幌還有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E9%BA%B5%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="札幌拉麵共和國">拉麵共和國</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ramen_145-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramen-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和拉麵橫丁<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等聚集大量拉麵店的飲食街。北海道是日本最大的乳製品產地區,而使用牛奶的各類甜品亦是北海道飲食文化中不可或缺的一部分。北海道著名的甜品企業包括了<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%B1%8B%E8%A3%BD%E8%8F%93" title="石屋製菓">石屋製菓</a>(代表產品是<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2%E6%88%80%E4%BA%BA" title="白色戀人">白色戀人</a><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)、<a href="/wiki/ROYCE%27" class="mw-redirect" title="ROYCE'">ROYCE'</a><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E8%8A%B1%E4%BA%AD" title="六花亭">六花亭</a><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等。北海道也是日本最早開始普及<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="啤酒">啤酒</a>文化的地區,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="札幌啤酒">札幌啤酒</a>是日本四大啤酒企業之一<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於北海道在過去物流網相對獨立,使得許多企業生產只在北海道銷售的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北海道限定品" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北海道限定品"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%99%90%E5%AE%9A%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北海道限定品(页面不存在)">北海道限定品</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%99%90%E5%AE%9A%E5%93%81" class="extiw" title="ja:北海道限定品"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北海道限定品</span></a></span>)</span></span>。一些北海道限定品也已成為北海道飲食文化的標誌,為北海道人所喜愛,如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓜拉那飲料" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="ガラナ飲料"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%9C%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A3%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓜拉那飲料(页面不存在)">瓜拉那飲料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8A%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99" class="extiw" title="ja:ガラナ飲料"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">ガラナ飲料</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="勝源" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="カツゲン"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9D%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勝源(页面不存在)">勝源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%84%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:カツゲン"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">カツゲン</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="媒體"><span id=".E5.AA.92.E9.AB.94"></span>媒體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:媒體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="北海道新聞">北海道新聞</a>是北海道最大的地方報紙。北海道新聞的前身北海新聞於1887年開始發行。1942年,日本政府下令整合北海道內的11份地方報紙,北海道新聞隨之誕生<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現在北海道新聞日發行量接近107萬份<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,是日本規模最大的地方報紙之一。北海道新聞不僅在北海道各地設有支局,並且在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="華盛頓哥倫比亞特區">華盛頓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="倫敦">倫敦</a>等地亦派有駐外記者<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中又以對俄羅斯遠東地區的新聞報導見長。除了北海道新聞之外,北海道各地亦有自己的地方報紙,其中主要的地方報紙包括<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苫小牧民報" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="苫小牧民報"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%AB%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%A7%E6%B0%91%E5%A0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苫小牧民報(页面不存在)">苫小牧民報</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%AB%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%A7%E6%B0%91%E5%A0%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:苫小牧民報"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">苫小牧民報</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="室蘭民報" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="室蘭民報"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A4%E8%98%AD%E6%B0%91%E5%A0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="室蘭民報(页面不存在)">室蘭民報</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E8%98%AD%E6%B0%91%E5%A0%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:室蘭民報"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">室蘭民報</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="函館新聞" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="函館新聞"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="函館新聞(页面不存在)">函館新聞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:函館新聞"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">函館新聞</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="釧路新聞" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="釧路新聞"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="釧路新聞(页面不存在)">釧路新聞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:釧路新聞"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">釧路新聞</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="十勝毎日新聞" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="十勝毎日新聞"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E6%AF%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十勝毎日新聞(页面不存在)">十勝毎日新聞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E6%AF%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:十勝毎日新聞"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">十勝毎日新聞</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%80%E8%B3%A3%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="讀賣新聞">讀賣新聞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="朝日新聞">朝日新聞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="毎日新聞">毎日新聞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="日本經濟新聞">日本經濟新聞</a>等全國性報紙在北海道也有發行。在電視方面,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="日本放送協會">日本放送協會</a>(NHK)在北海道擁有七個放送局<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,分別是<a href="/wiki/NHK%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80" title="NHK札幌放送局">NHK札幌</a>、<a href="/wiki/NHK%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80" title="NHK函館放送局">NHK函館</a>、<a href="/wiki/NHK%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80" title="NHK旭川放送局">NHK旭川</a>、<a href="/wiki/NHK%E5%AE%A4%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80" title="NHK室蘭放送局">NHK室蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/NHK%E5%B8%B6%E5%BB%A3%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80" title="NHK帶廣放送局">NHK帶廣</a>、<a href="/wiki/NHK%E5%8C%97%E8%A6%8B%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80" title="NHK北見放送局">NHK北見</a>和<a href="/wiki/NHK%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80" title="NHK釧路放送局">NHK釧路</a>。此外,北海道還有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81" title="北海道放送">北海道放送</a>(HBC,屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2_(TBS)" title="日本新聞網 (TBS)">JNN</a>联播网)<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="札幌電視台">札幌電視台</a>(STV,屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0)" title="日本新聞網 (日本電視台)">NNN</a>联播网)<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="北海道電視台">北海道電視台</a>(HTB,屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2" title="全日本新聞網">ANN</a>联播网)<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81" title="北海道文化放送">北海道文化放送</a>(UHB,屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2" title="富士新聞網">FNN</a>联播网)<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/TV%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="TV北海道">TV北海道</a>(TVh,屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E7%B6%B2" title="東京電視網">TXN</a>联播网)<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>五家電視台。其中北海道放送和札幌電視台亦有播出廣播節目。北海道憑藉獨特的風情和雄大的自然成為眾多電影電視作品的故事舞台。在北海道拍攝的著名日本電影和電視劇有《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B8%E7%A6%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%84%E6%89%8B%E7%BB%A2" title="幸福的黄手绢">幸福的黃手絹</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E7%9A%84%E9%87%91%E7%B5%B2%E9%9B%80" title="北方的金絲雀">北方的金絲雀</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="風之花園" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="風のガーデン"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%A8%E4%B9%8B%E8%8A%B1%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="風之花園(页面不存在)">風之花園</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:風のガーデン"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">風のガーデン</span></a></span>)</span></span>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E8%87%AA%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="來自北國">來自北國</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、《<a href="/wiki/First_Love_%E5%88%9D%E6%88%80" title="First Love 初戀">First Love 初戀</a>》等作品。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="體育"><span id=".E9.AB.94.E8.82.B2"></span>體育</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:體育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SapporoDome2004-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SapporoDome2004-2.jpg/240px-SapporoDome2004-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SapporoDome2004-2.jpg/360px-SapporoDome2004-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SapporoDome2004-2.jpg/480px-SapporoDome2004-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>札幌巨蛋是札幌岡薩多的主場球場</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="冬季運動"><span id=".E5.86.AC.E5.AD.A3.E9.81.8B.E5.8B.95"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="冬季運動">冬季運動</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:冬季運動"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>冬季的寒冷氣候,給予北海道發展冬季運動的最佳條件。1972年,札幌市舉辦了<a href="/wiki/1972%E5%B9%B4%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="1972年冬季奧林匹克運動會">冬季奧運會</a><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,這是日本首次舉辦冬奧會,也可看出北海道冬季體育的興盛程度。北海道是日本滑雪場最多的地區,並因其優良的雪質吸引了<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>等外國的滑雪愛好者<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道的冬季體育因氣候差異而呈現出不同的地區特徵。西部地區因降雪較多,<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E9%9B%AA" title="滑雪">滑雪</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E5%8F%B0%E6%BB%91%E9%9B%AA" title="跳台滑雪">跳台滑雪</a>等雪上運動興盛。而東部地區則因為氣候乾燥降雪較少,<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%90%83" title="冰球">冰球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E5%86%B0" title="滑冰">滑冰</a>等冰上運動的參加者較多。日本有眾多冬季運動選手都是出身自北海道,包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A0%E8%B0%B7%E5%B9%B8%E7%94%9F" title="笠谷幸生">笠谷幸生</a><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%B0%E9%9B%85%E5%BD%A6" title="原田雅彦">原田雅彥</a><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E6%9C%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%96%9C" title="船木和喜">船木和喜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E8%97%A4%E6%B5%A9%E5%93%89" title="齐藤浩哉">齐藤浩哉</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊藤有希" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="伊藤有希"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%97%A4%E6%9C%89%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊藤有希(页面不存在)">伊藤有希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%97%A4%E6%9C%89%E5%B8%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:伊藤有希"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">伊藤有希</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A2%A8%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%85" title="高梨沙羅">高梨沙羅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E5%AD%90" title="橋本聖子">橋本聖子</a><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%B2%9B%E5%9C%AD%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E" title="长岛圭一郎">長島圭一郎</a>等。北海道還擁有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本製紙白鶴" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本製紙クレインズ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A3%BD%E7%B4%99%E7%99%BD%E9%B6%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本製紙白鶴(页面不存在)">日本製紙白鶴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A3%BD%E7%B4%99%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" class="extiw" title="ja:日本製紙クレインズ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本製紙クレインズ</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="王子製紙老鷹" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="王子イーグルス"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90%E8%A3%BD%E7%B4%99%E8%80%81%E9%B7%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="王子製紙老鷹(页面不存在)">王子製紙老鷹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:王子イーグルス"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">王子イーグルス</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>兩個職業冰球球隊。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="棒球"><span id=".E6.A3.92.E7.90.83"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83" title="棒球">棒球</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节:棒球"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%81%AB%E8%85%BF%E9%AC%A5%E5%A3%AB" title="北海道日本火腿鬥士">北海道日本火腿鬥士</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%B7%E6%A3%92" title="日本職棒">日本職棒</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="太平洋聯盟">太平洋聯盟</a>的球隊,其主場位於<a href="/wiki/ES_CON_FIELD_HOKKAIDO" title="ES CON FIELD HOKKAIDO">ES CON FIELD HOKKAIDO</a><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。該隊成立於1945年11月6日,成立時隊名為參議員隊,後來球隊先後轉售給<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%80%A5%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="東急電鐵">東京急行電鐵</a>(改名為東急飛人隊,直到<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%81%AB%E8%85%BF" title="日本火腿">日本火腿</a>接手前幾次更名都以飛人為吉祥物)與<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%81%AB%E8%85%BF" title="日本火腿">日本火腿</a>(日本火腿鬥士隊)。2004年,日本火腿鬥士隊將主場從東京轉移到位於北海道地區新建完成的札幌巨蛋,球隊名稱也冠上了「北海道」,成為現在的隊名,並更換吉祥物、球衣及隊徽。後轉移主場到自建的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" title="北廣島市">北廣島市</a>的<a href="/wiki/ES_CON_FIELD_HOKKAIDO" title="ES CON FIELD HOKKAIDO">ES CON FIELD HOKKAIDO</a>並3度奪下日本一(1962年、2006年、2016年)<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,現今在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%B7%E6%A3%92%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="美國職棒大聯盟">美國職棒大聯盟</a>活躍的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%AF%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%9C%89" title="達比修有">達比修有</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B0%B7%E7%BF%94%E5%B9%B3" title="大谷翔平">大谷翔平</a>就是出身自日本火腿鬥士。北海道在高中棒球上亦有一席之地,<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="駒澤大學附属苫小牧高等學校" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="駒澤大学附属苫小牧高等学校"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A7%92%E6%BE%A4%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E8%8B%AB%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%A7%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="駒澤大學附属苫小牧高等學校(页面不存在)">駒澤大學附属苫小牧高等學校</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A7%92%E6%BE%A4%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E8%8B%AB%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%A7%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:駒澤大学附属苫小牧高等学校"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">駒澤大学附属苫小牧高等学校</span></a></span>)</span></span>曾多次打入<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E9%87%8E%E7%90%83%E9%81%B8%E6%89%8B%E6%AC%8A%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="全國高等學校野球選手權大會">甲子園</a>,並培育出<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%87%E5%A4%A7" title="田中將大">田中將大</a>等著名棒球選手。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="其他體育"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E9.AB.94.E8.82.B2"></span>其他體育</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节:其他體育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B2%A1%E8%96%A9%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="札幌岡薩多">札幌岡薩多</a><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>是北海道唯一的一支J聯賽球隊<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,現在參加J1聯賽的賽事。北海道也是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%B2" title="相撲">相撲</a>盛行的地方,出身橫綱人數是日本最多。昭和三大橫綱大鵬、北之湖、千代富士均出身於北海道<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教育"><span id=".E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>教育</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节:教育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:131103_Hokkaido_University_Sapporo_Hokkaido_Japan12s5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/131103_Hokkaido_University_Sapporo_Hokkaido_Japan12s5.jpg/240px-131103_Hokkaido_University_Sapporo_Hokkaido_Japan12s5.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/131103_Hokkaido_University_Sapporo_Hokkaido_Japan12s5.jpg/360px-131103_Hokkaido_University_Sapporo_Hokkaido_Japan12s5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/131103_Hokkaido_University_Sapporo_Hokkaido_Japan12s5.jpg/480px-131103_Hokkaido_University_Sapporo_Hokkaido_Japan12s5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4770" data-file-height="3180" /></a><figcaption>北海道大學</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="北海道大學">北海道大學</a>的總部位於札幌市中心,其前身札幌農學校創建於1876年,並在1918年升格為北海道帝國大學,是日本本土的七個帝國大學之一,亦是北海道教學研究水準最頂尖的高等學府<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道大學現在擁有札幌和函館兩個校區,12個學院,本科學生超過11,000人,碩士和博士學生超過6,000人<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2010年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾化學獎">諾貝爾化學獎</a>得主<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%83%E6%9C%A8%E7%AB%A0" title="铃木章">鈴木章</a>曾就讀並執教於北海道大學,現在是北海道大學的名譽教授<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除了北海道大學之外,北海道還有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="北海道教育大學">北海道教育大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E8%98%AD%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="室蘭工業大學">室蘭工業大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A8%BD%E5%95%86%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="小樽商科大學">小樽商科大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B6%E5%BB%A3%E7%95%9C%E7%94%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="帶廣畜產大學">帶廣畜產大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E9%86%AB%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="旭川醫科大學">旭川醫科大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%A6%8B%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="北見工業大學">北見工業大學</a>等六所國立大學<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E5%85%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="釧路公立大學">釧路公立大學</a>等五所公立大學<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道亦擁有26所私立大學<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中規模較大的有<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="旭川大学">旭川大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="札幌大學">札幌大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="札幌學院大學">札幌學院大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="札幌國際大學">札幌國際大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%92%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="北海學園大學">北海學園大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%98%9F%E5%AD%A6%E5%9B%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="北星学园大学">北星学園大學</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北海道科學大學" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北海道科学大学"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北海道科學大學(页面不存在)">北海道科學大學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:北海道科学大学"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北海道科学大学</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北海道醫療大學" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北海道医療大学"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北海道醫療大學(页面不存在)">北海道醫療大學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:北海道医療大学"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北海道医療大学</span></a></span>)</span></span>。北海道各地亦有眾多小學、初中和高中,但北海道的義務教育階段的學生平均學力略低於日本全國平均水準<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,對此北海道教育委員會採取了眾多措施,試圖提高學生的學習能力和體力水準<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,由於適齡學生數量大幅減少,北海道在最近十年內已陸續關閉了多達451座道立中小學校<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,這也引起一些學生家長和社會人士不滿,認為學生的受教育權受到影響。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="觀光"><span id=".E8.A7.80.E5.85.89"></span>觀光</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节:觀光"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Mount_Hakodate_Japan02bs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/View_from_Mount_Hakodate_Japan02bs.jpg/270px-View_from_Mount_Hakodate_Japan02bs.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/View_from_Mount_Hakodate_Japan02bs.jpg/405px-View_from_Mount_Hakodate_Japan02bs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/View_from_Mount_Hakodate_Japan02bs.jpg/540px-View_from_Mount_Hakodate_Japan02bs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4410" data-file-height="2940" /></a><figcaption>自函館山看到的夜景是世界三大夜景之一</figcaption></figure> <p>北海道是日本的觀光熱點地區,廣闊的面積使得北海道不同地區的旅遊資源有著迥然不同的特徵。<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8D%97" title="道南">道南</a>是北海道各地區中和人最早到達的地方,因此這裡亦以歷史和人文景觀見長。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%89%8D%E5%9F%8E" title="松前城">松前城</a>是日本最北,也是北海道唯一的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="城 (日本)">日本式城堡</a><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。渡島半島西海岸的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%B7%AE%E7%94%BA" title="江差町">江差町</a>以民俗文化和歷史景觀而聞名<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B8%82" title="函館市">函館市</a>是道南地區的觀光中心。作為日本最早對外開放的五個港口,函館以其西洋式建築而著稱,代表作包括了<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金森紅磚倉庫" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="金森赤レンガ倉庫"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E7%B4%85%E7%A3%9A%E5%80%89%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金森紅磚倉庫(页面不存在)">金森紅磚倉庫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E8%B5%A4%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E5%80%89%E5%BA%AB" class="extiw" title="ja:金森赤レンガ倉庫"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">金森赤レンガ倉庫</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%8D%80%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" title="舊函館區公會堂">舊函館區公会堂</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B1%B1" title="函館山">函館山</a>的夜景被譽為世界三大夜景<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外函館郊外的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B2%BC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="大沼國定公園">大沼公園</a>是道南著名的濕地。<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AE" title="道央">道央</a>地區是北海道觀光客最多的地區。札幌市擁有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BB%B3%E8%88%8A%E6%9C%AC%E5%BB%B3%E8%88%8D" title="北海道廳舊本廳舍">北海道廳旧本廳舍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82%E9%90%98%E6%A8%93" title="札幌市鐘樓">札幌市鐘樓</a>等開拓時代的建築<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%9A%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="大通公園">大通公園</a>則是日本具代表性的都會型公園<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。札幌附近的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A8%BD%E5%B8%82" title="小樽市">小樽市</a>曾是北海道的玄關,以<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A8%BD%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3" title="小樽運河">小樽運河</a><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、西洋式建築和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃</a>工藝品<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而著稱。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%AA%E8%B0%B7%E7%94%BA" title="新雪谷町">新雪谷</a>地區則擁有北海道規模最大的滑雪場和度假區,戶外體育活動十分興盛<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。道央南海岸的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E5%88%A5%E6%BA%AB%E6%B3%89" title="登別溫泉">登別溫泉</a><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E7%88%BA%E6%B9%96" title="洞爺湖">洞爺湖</a><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>則是日本最具盛名的溫泉度假地之一。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:140829_Ichiko_of_Shiretoko_Goko_Lakes_Hokkaido_Japan01s5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/140829_Ichiko_of_Shiretoko_Goko_Lakes_Hokkaido_Japan01s5.jpg/280px-140829_Ichiko_of_Shiretoko_Goko_Lakes_Hokkaido_Japan01s5.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/140829_Ichiko_of_Shiretoko_Goko_Lakes_Hokkaido_Japan01s5.jpg/420px-140829_Ichiko_of_Shiretoko_Goko_Lakes_Hokkaido_Japan01s5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/140829_Ichiko_of_Shiretoko_Goko_Lakes_Hokkaido_Japan01s5.jpg/560px-140829_Ichiko_of_Shiretoko_Goko_Lakes_Hokkaido_Japan01s5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>知床是北海道唯一的世界自然遺產</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%9D%B1" title="道東">道東</a>地區地廣人稀,觀光資源亦以自然風景為主。<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E5%B8%82" title="釧路市">釧路市</a>附近的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E6%BF%95%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="釧路濕地">釧路濕地</a>是日本最大的濕地,也是日本最大的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%A0%82%E9%B6%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="丹頂鶴">丹頂鶴</a>棲息地<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。釧路地區北部的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%92%E6%91%A9%E5%91%A8%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="阿寒摩周國立公園">阿寒摩周國立公園</a>擁有眾多湖泊,其中<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%92%E6%B9%96" title="阿寒湖">阿寒湖</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AC%E8%97%BB" title="毬藻">毬藻</a><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和溫泉著稱,<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%91%A8%E6%B9%96" title="摩周湖">摩周湖</a>則是日本透明度最高的湖泊<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%99%E6%B4%A5%E7%94%BA" title="中標津町">中標津</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E9%99%BD%E5%8F%B0" title="開陽台">開陽台</a>則因雄壯的眺望景色成為機車騎士的聖地<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E4%BB%98%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="野付半島">野付半島</a>則擁有人跡罕至的濕地,被列入濕地公約<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E5%BA%8A%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="知床國立公園">知床</a>是北海道唯一的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="世界自然遗产">世界自然遺產</a><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。鄂霍次克海沿岸的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B5%B0%E5%B8%82" title="網走市">網走市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8B%E5%88%A5%E5%B8%82" title="紋別市">紋別市</a>是觀賞<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流冰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drift ice"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E5%86%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流冰(页面不存在)">流冰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drift_ice" class="extiw" title="en:Drift ice"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drift ice</span></a></span>)</span></span>的據點都市<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8C%97_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="道北 (日本)">道北</a>地區南北跨度大,觀光資源亦十分多樣化。以<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%B0%E8%A1%A3%E8%8D%89" title="薰衣草">薰衣草</a>和花田著稱的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%89%AF%E9%87%8E%E5%B8%82" title="富良野市">富良野市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%AF%8C%E8%89%AF%E9%87%8E%E7%94%BA" title="上富良野町">上富良野町</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AF%8C%E8%89%AF%E9%87%8E%E7%94%BA" title="中富良野町">中富良野町</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E7%91%9B%E7%94%BA" title="美瑛町">美瑛町</a>位於道北的南部地區,被評為「日本最美的農村」<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其北側的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="旭川市">旭川市</a>最著名的景點則是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%92" class="mw-redirect" title="旭山動物園">旭山動物園</a><sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道地勢最高的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%AA%E5%B1%B1_(%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93)" title="大雪山 (北海道)">大雪山</a><sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和以飛瀑著稱的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%A4%E9%9B%B2%E5%B3%BD" title="層雲峽">層雲峡</a>同樣位於道北的南部地區。位於日本最北端的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%9A%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%82" title="稚內市">稚內</a>地區擁有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佐呂別原野" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="サロベツ原野"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%90%E5%91%82%E5%88%A5%E5%8E%9F%E9%87%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佐呂別原野(页面不存在)">佐呂別原野</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%84%E5%8E%9F%E9%87%8E" class="extiw" title="ja:サロベツ原野"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">サロベツ原野</span></a></span>)</span></span>的濕地景觀<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%B0%B7%E5%B2%AC" title="宗谷岬">宗谷岬</a>的日本最北端紀念碑亦吸引眾多觀光客到訪<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。稚內市附近的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="利尻島">利尻島</a>擁有形狀近似對稱的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BB%E5%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="利尻岳">利尻岳</a>,夏季有眾多登山客<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%96%87%E5%B3%B6" title="禮文島">禮文島</a>則生長有眾多珍稀的高山植物,有「花之浮島」之稱<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="交通"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A"></span>交通</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节:交通"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="鐵路"><span id=".E9.90.B5.E8.B7.AF"></span>鐵路</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节:鐵路"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="北海道旅客鐵道">北海道旅客鐵道</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JR_Hokkaido_Nemuro_Line_005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/JR_Hokkaido_Nemuro_Line_005.JPG/300px-JR_Hokkaido_Nemuro_Line_005.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/JR_Hokkaido_Nemuro_Line_005.JPG/450px-JR_Hokkaido_Nemuro_Line_005.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/JR_Hokkaido_Nemuro_Line_005.JPG/600px-JR_Hokkaido_Nemuro_Line_005.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>一輛行駛在原野的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E7%A9%BA%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="超級大空號列車">超級大空號列車</a></figcaption></figure> <p>北海道首條鐵路線路是小樽市和札幌市之間的<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%AE%AE%E7%B7%9A" title="手宮線">手宮線</a>。這條線路通車於1880年,也是日本第三條通車的鐵路路線<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此後北海道鐵路事業快速發展。在1960年代之前,由於北海道是日本主要煤炭產地,因此當時修建了眾多將煤炭搬運出海的貨運鐵路。鐵路亦在北海道開拓歷史中發揮了重要作用。鐵路的修建使得沿線地區得到了快速發展,例如旭川市就是因為地處鐵路交通的結點而得到開發,成為道北地區的最大都市<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:75</sup>。1904年,隨著小樽和函館之間的鐵路開業,北海道主要都市之間均已由鐵路聯通<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:75</sup>。同時日本郵船還開闢了青森至函館的鐵路輪渡航路<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,鐵路成為北海道和本州之間重要的交通手段。當時除了國有鐵道之外,亦有不少私人企業,如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="定鐵" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="じょうてつ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E9%90%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定鐵(页面不存在)">定山溪鐵道</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%98%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%A6%E3%81%A4" class="extiw" title="ja:じょうてつ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">じょうてつ</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北海道拓殖鐵道" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北海道拓殖鉄道"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%8B%93%E6%AE%96%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北海道拓殖鐵道(页面不存在)">北海道拓殖鐵道</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%8B%93%E6%AE%96%E9%89%84%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="ja:北海道拓殖鉄道"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北海道拓殖鉄道</span></a></span>)</span></span>等公司經營鐵路業務。1930年代時,北海道的鐵路線路網已基本完成<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:75</sup>。戰後初期,北海道仍修建了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%A7%E7%B6%B2%E7%B7%9A" title="湧網線">湧網線</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%89%8D%E7%B7%9A" title="松前線">松前線</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E5%B9%8C%E7%B7%9A" title="羽幌線">羽幌線</a>等鐵路新線,並且開始進行鐵路電氣化。但在1960年代之後,隨著汽車的逐漸普及、航空交通的發展、礦山相繼關閉、農村地區人口減少,北海道的鐵路事業陷入赤字。1970年代之後,國鐵為改善財政狀況,以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%8C%97%E7%B7%9A" title="根北線">根北線</a>為開始,陸續廢止北海道的眾多鐵路路線,即使是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%AF%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%B7%9A" title="名寄本線">名寄本線</a>這樣的幹線也被廢除。然而另一方面,1988年,<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%87%BD%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="青函隧道">青函隧道</a>通車,北海道和本州之間的交通狀況大幅改善<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1987年,國鐵分割民營化,北海道絕大部分鐵路都由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="北海道旅客鐵道">北海道旅客鐵道</a>(JR北海道)繼承經營<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而由於人口稀少導致除札幌附近地區之外鐵路利用效率低,JR北海道的經營狀況長期嚴峻,1990年代後也仍有赤字的鐵路線路被廢止。現在JR北海道總共運營有14條路線,合計2,457.7公里的鐵路路線<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2013年度,JR北海道總乘客數達1億3410萬6千人<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中以<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E7%AB%99" title="札幌站">札幌</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" title="旭川車站">旭川</a>之間的列車乘客數最多,其次是札幌和<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" title="函館車站">函館</a>、札幌和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B6%E5%BB%A3%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" title="帶廣車站">帶廣</a>之間的列車<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。札幌車站是北海道鐵路交通的核心,<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E5%A8%81%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="超級神威號列車">超級神威號</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%B0%B7%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="宗谷號列車">宗谷號</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="鄂霍次克號列車">鄂霍次克號</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="北斗號列車">北斗號</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="十勝號列車">十勝號</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E7%A9%BA%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="超級大空號列車">超級大空號列車</a>等JR北海道運行的行駛於北海道各主要都市間的特急列車全部以札幌作為運行端點<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:78</sup>。2013年,札幌站日均乘客數達93,152人<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除了JR北海道之外,北海道還有三家鐵路事業者。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太平洋煤礦銷售運輸" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="太平洋石炭販売輸送"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%85%A4%E7%A4%A6%E9%8A%B7%E5%94%AE%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太平洋煤礦銷售運輸(页面不存在)">太平洋煤礦銷售運輸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81" class="extiw" title="ja:太平洋石炭販売輸送"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">太平洋石炭販売輸送</span></a></span>)</span></span>在釧路市經營有一條運煤的貨運鐵路<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B8%82%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8" title="函館市企業局交通部">函館市企業局交通部</a>經營<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B8%82%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8" title="函館市企業局交通部">函館市路面電車</a>業務<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B1%80" title="札幌市交通局">札幌市交通局</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82%E7%87%9F%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%90%B5" title="札幌市營地下鐵">札幌市營地下鐵</a>的經營者,現在札幌市營地下鐵包括了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E7%B7%9A_(%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82%E7%87%9F%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%90%B5)" title="南北線 (札幌市營地下鐵)">南北線</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%B7%9A_(%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82%E7%87%9F%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%90%B5)" title="東西線 (札幌市營地下鐵)">東西線</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%B1%90%E7%B7%9A" title="東豐線">東豐線</a>三條線路<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。貫通日本本土的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="新幹線">新幹線</a>亦有開進北海道,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="北海道新幹線">北海道新幹線</a>在2016年3月開通<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E7%AB%99" title="新青森站">新青森</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" title="新函館北斗車站">新函館北斗</a>區間<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,預計2030年末從新函館北斗延伸至札幌<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="公路"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E8.B7.AF"></span>公路</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节:公路"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%81%93%E9%81%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="北海道道道列表">北海道道道列表</a></div> <p>1870年時,北海道已有170公里長的公路<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:74</sup>。在19世紀末期,北海道政府曾修建自札幌至網走的公路。但直到大正時代中期,由於鐵路是北海道交通的主角,公路建設並不被重視<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:74</sup>。戰後隨著汽車開始普及,北海道亦急速開始了公路的建設。1971年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E6%AD%B2%E5%B8%82" title="千歲市">千歲</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" title="北廣島市">北廣島</a>和札幌至小樽的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="高速公路">高速公路</a>通車,是為北海道首條高速公路<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:78</sup>。現在公路承擔北海道80%以上的客運量,是北海道交通的核心<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前北海道擁有<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AE%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E9%81%93" title="道央自動車道">道央自動車道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E6%A8%BD%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E9%81%93" title="札樽自動車道">札樽自動車道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%9D%B1%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E9%81%93" title="道東自動車道">道東自動車道</a>三條高速公路<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2014年時,北海道共有高規格幹線道路1015公里,其中高速公路696公里<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道的高速公路建設情況仍遠滯後於日本平均水準。同時北海道一般國道長度為6,722公里,都道府縣道的長度為11,783公里,市町村道的長度為71,025公里,合計北海道共有一般公路89,530公里。另外,除了私家車之外,巴士也是北海道重要的都市間移動手段。2012年,北海道共有52條都市間路線巴士,其中有39條以札幌作為起點<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="海運"><span id=".E6.B5.B7.E9.81.8B"></span>海運</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节:海運"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在江戶時代,北海道和本州之間就通過<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北前船" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北前船"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%89%8D%E8%88%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北前船(页面不存在)">北前船</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%89%8D%E8%88%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:北前船"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北前船</span></a></span>)</span></span>進行貿易往來<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在明治初期,郵船汽船三菱會社曾一度壟斷北海道的海運市場。1882年,共同運輸會社成立,以和三菱展開對抗,爭奪北海道的海運市場。1885年,日本政府下令將兩家公司合併為日本郵船會社,北海道的海運市場再次進入壟斷狀態<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:74</sup>。這一時期還開通了由<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E6%B8%AF" title="函館港">函館</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A8%BD%E6%B8%AF" title="小樽港">小樽</a>出發,前往北海道各地的航線。進入大正時期後,小樽、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E8%98%AD%E6%B8%AF" title="室蘭港">室蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E6%B8%AF" title="釧路港">釧路</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%AE%A4%E6%B8%AF" title="根室港">根室</a>等港亦開通了不途徑函館,直接前往本州的航線<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:74</sup>。戰後,日本政府決定將室蘭港、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AB%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%A7%E6%B8%AF" title="苫小牧港">苫小牧港</a>、釧路港等太平洋沿岸的港口作為開發重點。而函館港和小樽港的地位則相對下降<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:77</sup>。同時隨著空運的發展,貨運取代客運成為海運的主要市場。現在北海道擁有苫小牧港和室蘭港兩個特定重要港灣,以及函館港、小樽港、釧路港等10個重要港灣和24個地方港灣<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道現在和本州之間有15條定期貨運航線<sup id="cite_ref-Ferry_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferry-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。就貨物進出口量來看,苫小牧港是北海道最大港口,之後則依次是函館港、室蘭港、釧路港、小樽港<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在客運方面,北海道現在和本州之間有十條定期航線,其中有五條自苫小牧港出發,三條自小樽港出發,兩條自函館港出發。2011年,国土交通省指定 国际散货戰略港湾 钏路港, 北海道和本州之間的渡輪有172.3萬人乘坐<sup id="cite_ref-Ferry_235-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferry-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。渡輪也是北海道本島和離島之間重要的交通手段。現在北海道本島和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="奧尻島">奧尻島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%B3%A3%E5%B3%B6" title="天賣島">天賣島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%92%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="燒尻島">燒尻島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="利尻島">利尻島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%96%87%E5%B3%B6" title="禮文島">禮文島</a>之間有定期渡輪航線。2011年,北海道本島和離島之間的定期航線乘客數為68.3萬人<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在國際航運方面,北海道和俄羅斯之間開設有定期客運航線。2011年,北海道和俄羅斯之間的輪渡航線有乘客3,629人<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="空運"><span id=".E7.A9.BA.E9.81.8B"></span>空運</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节:空運"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Chitose_Airport_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/New_Chitose_Airport_011.jpg/240px-New_Chitose_Airport_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/New_Chitose_Airport_011.jpg/360px-New_Chitose_Airport_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/New_Chitose_Airport_011.jpg/480px-New_Chitose_Airport_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>新千歲機場</figcaption></figure> <p>在1937年,<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本航空輸送" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本航空輸送"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本航空輸送(页面不存在)">日本航空輸送</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81" class="extiw" title="ja:日本航空輸送"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本航空輸送</span></a></span>)</span></span>曾開通札幌和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E7%94%B0%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="羽田機場">羽田</a>之間的定期航線,但在1940年停飛<sup id="cite_ref-Chishi_8-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:77</sup>。1951年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="日本航空">日本航空</a>開設了千歲機場和羽田機場之間的定期航線<sup id="cite_ref-AirNetwork_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AirNetwork-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。隨後<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%97%A5%E7%A9%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="全日空">全日空</a>也在1958年開通了千歲-<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%8F%B0%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="仙台機場">仙台</a>-羽田的航線<sup id="cite_ref-AirNetwork_239-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AirNetwork-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1950年代中期之後,北海道內各地開始建設機場,北海道逐漸建設了以千歲機場為核心的道內航空網。1988年<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%83%E6%AD%B2%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="新千歲機場">新千歲機場</a>開業之後,北海道又相繼開通了飛往海外的航線。由於直接通過陸路交通方式到達北海道較為不便,因此空運成為北海道最重要的聯外交通方式<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2013年,羽田機場和新千歲機場之間的航線有8,838,667名乘客乘坐,是日本國內乘客數最多的航線<sup id="cite_ref-Airline_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airline-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而關西至新千歲和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="中部國際機場">名古屋</a>至新千歲的航線乘客數也在日本航線乘客數排名中位居前列。現在北海道內共有14座機場(其中<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%96%87%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="禮文機場">禮文機場</a>處在暫停使用狀態)<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%83%E6%AD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="新千歲">新千歲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="旭川機場">旭川</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="函館機場">函館</a>三座機場有定期國際航班運行<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道內的機場中以新千歳機場乘客數最多。新千歲機場在2017年乘客數達22,717,980人,是日本乘客數第四多的機場。在新千歲機場之後,北海道旅客較多的機場是函館機場和旭川機場<sup id="cite_ref-Airport_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airport-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道內還有<a href="/wiki/Air_Do" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Do">Air Do</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="北海道空中系統">北海道空中系統</a>兩家航空公司。Air Do主要經營由羽田機場前往北海道各機場和自新千歲機場前往日本各地的航線<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北海道空中系統則經營<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E7%8F%A0%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="丘珠機場">丘珠機場</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="利尻機場">利尻機場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="釧路機場">釧路機場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="函館機場">函館機場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%BE%A4%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%A0%B4" title="三澤飛行場">三澤機場</a>以及函館機場至<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%B0%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="奧尻機場">奧尻機場</a>和三澤機場的航線<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节:參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节:引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/fs/2/3/4/4/9/1/6/_/hensen.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">道内市町村数の変遷一覧表</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907220627/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/scs/grp/hensen.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E5%86%85%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91%E6%95%B0%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%89%E9%81%B7%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7%E8%A1%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Ffs%2F2%2F3%2F4%2F4%2F9%2F1%2F6%2F_%2Fhensen.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="日語">(日語)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gsimenseki-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gsimenseki_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gsimenseki_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180204070351/http://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO/201710/01_hokkaido.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">01北海道</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">国土地理院</span>. 2017-10-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-02-03</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO/201710/01_hokkaido.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2018-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%90%EF%BC%91%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E9%99%A2%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsi.go.jp%2FKOKUJYOHO%2FMENCHO%2F201710%2F01_hokkaido.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="日語">(日語)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Population1_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population1_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population1_3-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/fs/6/9/9/1/1/8/8/_/901brr2201n.xls"><bdi lang="ja">住民基本台帳人口・世帯数 【地域振興局市町村課調べ】</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. 2022-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-12</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112150903/https://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/fs/6/9/9/1/1/8/8/_/901brr2201n.xls">存档</a>于2022-11-12).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%B0%E5%B8%B3%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%96%E5%B8%AF%E6%95%B0%E3%80%80%E3%80%90%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91%E8%AA%B2%E8%AA%BF%E3%81%B9%E3%80%91&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Ffs%2F6%2F9%2F9%2F1%2F1%2F8%2F8%2F_%2F901brr2201n.xls&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="日語">(日語)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180204070404/http://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO/201710/f3_shima.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">島面積</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">国土地理院</span>. 2017-10-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-02-03</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO/201710/f3_shima.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2018-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B3%B6%E9%9D%A2%E7%A9%8D&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E9%99%A2%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsi.go.jp%2FKOKUJYOHO%2FMENCHO%2F201710%2Ff3_shima.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="日語">(日語)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlit.go.jp/hkb/shoku.html"><bdi lang="ja">食料基地の展開</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-12</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234114/http://www.mlit.go.jp/hkb/shoku.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%A3%9F%E6%96%99%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%E3%81%AE%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlit.go.jp%2Fhkb%2Fshoku.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.tiiki.jp/articles/4782"><bdi lang="ja">地域ブランド調査2022 都道府県の魅力度等調査結果</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">地域ブランドNEWS</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-12</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112151406/https://news.tiiki.jp/articles/4782">存档</a>于2022-11-12) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB2022%E3%80%80%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%9C%8C%E3%81%AE%E9%AD%85%E5%8A%9B%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89NEWS%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.tiiki.jp%2Farticles%2F4782&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Name-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Name_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Name_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Name_7-2"><sup><b>7.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/sm/mnj/d/faq/faq02.html"><bdi lang="ja">北海道の名前について</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-12</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907220625/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/sm/mnj/d/faq/faq02.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E5%90%8D%E5%89%8D%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fsm%2Fmnj%2Fd%2Ffaq%2Ffaq02.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chishi-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-0"><sup><b>8.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-1"><sup><b>8.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-2"><sup><b>8.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-3"><sup><b>8.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-4"><sup><b>8.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-5"><sup><b>8.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-6"><sup><b>8.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-7"><sup><b>8.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-8"><sup><b>8.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-9"><sup><b>8.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-10"><sup><b>8.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-11"><sup><b>8.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-12"><sup><b>8.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-13"><sup><b>8.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-14"><sup><b>8.14</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-15"><sup><b>8.15</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-16"><sup><b>8.16</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-17"><sup><b>8.17</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-18"><sup><b>8.18</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-19"><sup><b>8.19</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-20"><sup><b>8.20</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-21"><sup><b>8.21</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-22"><sup><b>8.22</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-23"><sup><b>8.23</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-24"><sup><b>8.24</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-25"><sup><b>8.25</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-26"><sup><b>8.26</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-27"><sup><b>8.27</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-28"><sup><b>8.28</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chishi_8-29"><sup><b>8.29</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ja">山下克彦・平川一臣</span>. <bdi lang="ja">『日本の地誌3 北海道』</bdi>. 東京都: <span lang="ja">朝倉書店</span>. 2011. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-254-16763-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-254-16763-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-4-254-16763-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.au=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%85%8B%E5%BD%A6%E3%83%BB%E5%B9%B3%E5%B7%9D%E4%B8%80%E8%87%A3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%8C3%E3%80%80%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%80%8F&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-4-254-16763-4&rft.place=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%9D%E5%80%89%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-symbol-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-symbol_9-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-symbol_9-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-symbol_9-2"><sup><b>9.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-symbol_9-3"><sup><b>9.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/overview/symbol.html"><bdi lang="ja">北海道の概要/シンボル</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-12</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112082108/https://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/overview/symbol.html">存档</a>于2022-11-12) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81%EF%BC%8F%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Foverview%2Fsymbol.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jma-net.go.jp/sapporo/tenki/kikou/kikohenka/0.3_tirikankyo.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">序章 北海道の地理環境と気候の特徴</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">札幌管区気象台</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305224428/http://www.jma-net.go.jp/sapporo/tenki/kikou/kikohenka/0.3_tirikankyo.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2016-03-05) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%BA%8F%E7%AB%A0+%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E3%81%A8%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E3%81%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B4&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E7%AE%A1%E5%8C%BA%E6%B0%97%E8%B1%A1%E5%8F%B0%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jma-net.go.jp%2Fsapporo%2Ftenki%2Fkikou%2Fkikohenka%2F0.3_tirikankyo.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091124012641/http://www.gov.ie/en/essays/geography.html">Geography of Ireland</a>. Government of Ireland. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.ie/en/essays/geography.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-11-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=Geography+of+Ireland&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Government+of+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ie%2Fen%2Fessays%2Fgeography.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html">DOMINICAN REPUBLIC</a>. The World Factbook. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604214142/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html">存档</a>于2011-06-04) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=DOMINICAN+REPUBLIC&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fdr.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ja">小疇尚・野上道男・小野有五・平川一臣</span>. <bdi lang="ja">《日本の地形2 北海道》</bdi>. 東京都: <span lang="ja">東京大学出版会</span>. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-13-064712-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-13-064712-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-4-13-064712-0</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.au=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%B0%8F%E7%96%87%E5%B0%9A%E3%83%BB%E9%87%8E%E4%B8%8A%E9%81%93%E7%94%B7%E3%83%BB%E5%B0%8F%E9%87%8E%E6%9C%89%E4%BA%94%E3%83%BB%E5%B9%B3%E5%B7%9D%E4%B8%80%E8%87%A3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A22+%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-4-13-064712-0&rft.place=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213548/http://www.kiso.co.jp/pdfs/jishin/2003tokachi/3chikei.PDF"><bdi lang="ja">3.北海道の地形・地質</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">基礎地盤コンサルタンツ株式会社</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiso.co.jp/pdfs/jishin/2003tokachi/3chikei.PDF">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%93%EF%BC%8E%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E3%83%BB%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%9B%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiso.co.jp%2Fpdfs%2Fjishin%2F2003tokachi%2F3chikei.PDF&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chikei-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chikei_15-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chikei_15-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chikei_15-2"><sup><b>15.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907220606/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/sm/ktk/grp/dai2.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">第2章 北海道の概況</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/sm/ktk/grp/dai2.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%92%E7%AB%A0+%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fsm%2Fktk%2Fgrp%2Fdai2.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234110/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/ckk/chicho/ritou/keikakugaiyou.htm"><bdi lang="ja">北海道離島振興計画の概要</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/ckk/chicho/ritou/keikakugaiyou.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%9B%A2%E5%B3%B6%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fckk%2Fchicho%2Fritou%2Fkeikakugaiyou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222152213/http://www.sp.hkd.mlit.go.jp/kasen/09kawazukuri/06ikusyun/pdf/iku_siryou3.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">石狩川流域の概要</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省北海道開発局 札幌開発建設部</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sp.hkd.mlit.go.jp/kasen/09kawazukuri/06ikusyun/pdf/iku_siryou3.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-12-22) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E5%B7%9D%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%B1%80%E3%80%80%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD%E9%83%A8%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sp.hkd.mlit.go.jp%2Fkasen%2F09kawazukuri%2F06ikusyun%2Fpdf%2Fiku_siryou3.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/closeup/ishikari_river.php"><bdi lang="ja">石狩川は国内最長の河川だった?</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213748/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/closeup/ishikari_river.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E5%B7%9D%E3%81%AF%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%9C%80%E9%95%B7%E3%81%AE%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%9D%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fcloseup%2Fishikari_river.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101065753/http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kasen/kawa/pro_tesio.html"><bdi lang="ja">天塩川</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省北海道開発局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kasen/kawa/pro_tesio.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-01-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E5%A1%A9%E5%B7%9D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkd.mlit.go.jp%2Fzigyoka%2Fz_kasen%2Fkawa%2Fpro_tesio.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140829131118/http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kasen/kawa/pro_tokati.html"><bdi lang="ja">十勝川</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省北海道開発局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kasen/kawa/pro_tokati.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E5%B7%9D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkd.mlit.go.jp%2Fzigyoka%2Fz_kasen%2Fkawa%2Fpro_tokati.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140829130731/http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kasen/kawa/pro_kusiro.html"><bdi lang="ja">釧路川</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省北海道開発局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kasen/kawa/pro_kusiro.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E5%B7%9D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkd.mlit.go.jp%2Fzigyoka%2Fz_kasen%2Fkawa%2Fpro_kusiro.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lake-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lake_22-0"><sup><b>22.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lake_22-1"><sup><b>22.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ies.or.jp/publicity_j/mini_hyakka/39/mini39.html"><bdi lang="ja">日本の自然湖沼の成因</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">公益財団法人環境科学技術研究所</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032933/http://www.ies.or.jp/publicity_j/mini_hyakka/39/mini39.html">存档</a>于2015-09-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E3%81%AE%E6%88%90%E5%9B%A0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A%E8%B2%A1%E5%9B%A3%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ies.or.jp%2Fpublicity_j%2Fmini_hyakka%2F39%2Fmini39.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009015216/http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakushu/about/index/"><bdi lang="ja">北方領土問題とは</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">独立行政法人 北方領土問題対策協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakushu/about/index/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA+%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E5%AF%BE%E7%AD%96%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoppou.go.jp%2Fgakushu%2Fabout%2Findex%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215243/http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakushu/outline/history/history6/"><bdi lang="ja">ソ連の不法占拠</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">独立行政法人 北方領土問題対策協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakushu/outline/history/history6/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%BD%E9%80%A3%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%A0%E6%8B%A0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA+%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E5%AF%BE%E7%AD%96%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoppou.go.jp%2Fgakushu%2Foutline%2Fhistory%2Fhistory6%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214304/http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakushu/outline/history/history4/"><bdi lang="ja">国境の画定</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">独立行政法人 北方領土問題対策協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakushu/outline/history/history4/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%A2%83%E3%81%AE%E7%94%BB%E5%AE%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA+%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E5%AF%BE%E7%AD%96%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoppou.go.jp%2Fgakushu%2Foutline%2Fhistory%2Fhistory4%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009014623/http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakushu/reclaim/ayumi1/"><bdi lang="ja">返還要求運動のはじまり</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">独立行政法人 北方領土問題対策協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakushu/reclaim/ayumi1/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%94%E9%82%84%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA+%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E5%AF%BE%E7%AD%96%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoppou.go.jp%2Fgakushu%2Freclaim%2Fayumi1%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009014625/http://www.hoppou.go.jp/exchange/method/"><bdi lang="ja">交流の実施概要</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">独立行政法人 北方領土問題対策協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoppou.go.jp/exchange/method/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9F%E6%96%BD%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA+%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E5%AF%BE%E7%AD%96%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoppou.go.jp%2Fexchange%2Fmethod%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150510040710/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rankall.php"><bdi lang="ja">歴代全国ランキング</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">全国積雪寒冷地帯振興協議会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rankall.php">原始内容</a>存档于2015-05-10) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%AD%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%8D%E9%9B%AA%E5%AF%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%AF%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.jma.go.jp%2Fobd%2Fstats%2Fetrn%2Fview%2Frankall.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322014642/http://www.sekkankyo.org/hokkaidou.htm"><bdi lang="ja">北海道</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道立ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sekkankyo.org/hokkaidou.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-22) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sekkankyo.org%2Fhokkaidou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214105/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/nature/kushiro_kiri.php"><bdi lang="ja">日本のロンドン・霧の町「釧路」</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/nature/kushiro_kiri.php">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E9%9C%A7%E3%81%AE%E7%94%BA%E3%80%8C%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E3%80%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fnature%2Fkushiro_kiri.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214753/http://www.giza-ryuhyo.com/ryuhyoinfo/Q%26A.html"><bdi lang="ja">わかるかな?流氷 Q&A</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道立オホーツク流氷科学センター</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giza-ryuhyo.com/ryuhyoinfo/Q&A.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%EF%BC%9F%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B7+Q%EF%BC%86A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AB%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%AF%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.giza-ryuhyo.com%2Fryuhyoinfo%2FQ%26A.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/skn/ssi/sizen-3.htm"><bdi lang="ja">知床の自然(3)~自然環境の概要~</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200902071909/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/skn/ssi/sizen-3.htm">存档</a>于2020-09-02) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%9F%A5%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%93%EF%BC%89%EF%BD%9E%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81%EF%BD%9E&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fks%2Fskn%2Fssi%2Fsizen-3.htm%E3%80%80&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215042/http://www.jma-net.go.jp/abashiri/info/kikou.htm"><bdi lang="ja">網走・北見・紋別地方の気候</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">網走地方気象台</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jma-net.go.jp/abashiri/info/kikou.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B5%B0%E3%83%BB%E5%8C%97%E8%A6%8B%E3%83%BB%E7%B4%8B%E5%88%A5%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E3%81%AE%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%B6%B2%E8%B5%B0%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%B0%97%E8%B1%A1%E5%8F%B0%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jma-net.go.jp%2Fabashiri%2Finfo%2Fkikou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL8K30PML8KIIPE002.html"><bdi lang="ja">北海道・大雪山で初雪 平年より1カ月早く</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">朝日新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-02-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223901/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL8K30PML8KIIPE002.html">存档</a>于2019-02-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%BB%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%AA%E5%B1%B1%E3%81%A7%E5%88%9D%E9%9B%AA%E3%80%80%E5%B9%B3%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%EF%BC%91%E3%82%AB%E6%9C%88%E6%97%A9%E3%81%8F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahi.com%2Farticles%2FASL8K30PML8KIIPE002.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASLCG3632LCGIIPE002.html"><bdi lang="ja">北海道・稚内などで初雪を観測 観測史上最も遅く</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">朝日新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-02-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220812155723/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASLCG3632LCGIIPE002.html">存档</a>于2022-08-12) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%BB%E7%A8%9A%E5%86%85%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A9%E3%81%A7%E5%88%9D%E9%9B%AA%E3%82%92%E8%A6%B3%E6%B8%AC%E3%80%80%E8%A6%B3%E6%B8%AC%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E3%82%82%E9%81%85%E3%81%8F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahi.com%2Farticles%2FASLCG3632LCGIIPE002.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_36-0"><sup><b>36.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_36-1"><sup><b>36.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ja">田端宏・桑原真人・船津功・関口明</span>. <bdi lang="ja">《北海道の歴史》</bdi>. 東京都: <span lang="ja">山川出版社</span>. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-634-32011-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-634-32011-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-4-634-32011-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.au=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%94%B0%E7%AB%AF%E5%AE%8F%E3%83%BB%E6%A1%91%E5%8E%9F%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA%E3%83%BB%E8%88%B9%E6%B4%A5%E5%8A%9F%E3%83%BB%E9%96%A2%E5%8F%A3%E6%98%8E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-4-634-32011-6&rft.place=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%B1%B1%E5%B7%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Okhotsk-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Okhotsk_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101002544/http://www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/publish_db/2002Okhotsk/03/3100.html"><bdi lang="ja">もう一つの日本列島史</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">東京大学総合研究博物館</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/publish_db/2002Okhotsk/03/3100.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-11-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%82%E3%81%86%E4%B8%80%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6%E5%8F%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E7%B7%8F%E5%90%88%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp%2Fpublish_db%2F2002Okhotsk%2F03%2F3100.html%E3%80%80&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218041519/http://www.okhotsk.org/news/kodaibunka.htm"><bdi lang="ja">オホーツク古代文化浪漫</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">オホーツク観光連盟</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.okhotsk.org/news/kodaibunka.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2015-02-18) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%AF%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%AF%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.okhotsk.org%2Fnews%2Fkodaibunka.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203185503/http://www1.hokkaido-jin.jp/zukan/story/02/05.html"><bdi lang="ja">館とチャシ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道デジタル図鑑</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.hokkaido-jin.jp/zukan/story/02/05.html">原始内容</a>存档于2016-02-03) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%A4%A8%E3%81%A8%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E5%9B%B3%E9%91%91%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.hokkaido-jin.jp%2Fzukan%2Fstory%2F02%2F05.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Naritachi-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Naritachi_40-0"><sup><b>40.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naritachi_40-1"><sup><b>40.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naritachi_40-2"><sup><b>40.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/bns/digest/1_syou.htm"><bdi lang="ja">北海道民のなりたち</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907220608/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/bns/digest/1_syou.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%B0%91%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8A%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fks%2Fbns%2Fdigest%2F1_syou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054334/http://www.ob.hkd.mlit.go.jp/hp/sougou/pamphlet/toki_o_koete_top/03ainu_bunka/03-04-03-shakshain-p138-139.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">③ シャクシャインの戦い</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道開発局帯広開発建設部</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ob.hkd.mlit.go.jp/hp/sougou/pamphlet/toki_o_koete_top/03ainu_bunka/03-04-03-shakshain-p138-139.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2015-09-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E2%91%A2%E3%80%80%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%B1%80%E5%B8%AF%E5%BA%83%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD%E9%83%A8%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ob.hkd.mlit.go.jp%2Fhp%2Fsougou%2Fpamphlet%2Ftoki_o_koete_top%2F03ainu_bunka%2F03-04-03-shakshain-p138-139.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akkeshi-town.jp/rekishibunka/rekishi"><bdi lang="ja">厚岸町の歴史</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">厚岸町</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017092618/http://www.akkeshi-town.jp/rekishibunka/rekishi">存档</a>于2014-10-17) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%9A%E5%B2%B8%E7%94%BA%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8E%9A%E5%B2%B8%E7%94%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akkeshi-town.jp%2Frekishibunka%2Frekishi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.murayama.lg.jp/kurashi/gakko/bunka/mogamitokunai.html"><bdi lang="ja">最上徳内記念館</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">村山市</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140711152701/http://www.city.murayama.lg.jp/kurashi/gakko/bunka/mogamitokunai.html">存档</a>于2014-07-11) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%80%E4%B8%8A%E5%BE%B3%E5%86%85%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9D%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.murayama.lg.jp%2Fkurashi%2Fgakko%2Fbunka%2Fmogamitokunai.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoppou-shiga.jp/article/14234455.html"><bdi lang="ja">近藤重蔵と大溝藩</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北方領土返還要求運動滋賀県民会議</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214516/http://www.hoppou-shiga.jp/article/14234455.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%91%E8%97%A4%E9%87%8D%E8%94%B5%E3%81%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%BA%9D%E8%97%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E8%BF%94%E9%82%84%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%BB%8B%E8%B3%80%E7%9C%8C%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoppou-shiga.jp%2Farticle%2F14234455.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/history/mamiya_rinzou.php"><bdi lang="ja">間宮林蔵は北海道を中心に活動した</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234417/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/history/mamiya_rinzou.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%96%93%E5%AE%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%94%B5%E3%81%AF%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%82%92%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%81%AB%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fhistory%2Fmamiya_rinzou.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907233815/http://www.zaikaisapporo.co.jp/blog/170.shtml"><bdi lang="ja">北海道開拓の先覚者達(16)~伊能忠敬~</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">財界さっぽろ</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaikaisapporo.co.jp/blog/170.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E3%81%AE%E5%85%88%E8%A6%9A%E8%80%85%E9%81%94%EF%BC%8816%EF%BC%89%EF%BD%9E%E4%BC%8A%E8%83%BD%E5%BF%A0%E6%95%AC%EF%BD%9E&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E8%B2%A1%E7%95%8C%E3%81%95%E3%81%A3%E3%81%BD%E3%82%8D%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaikaisapporo.co.jp%2Fblog%2F170.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140426001838/http://www.ainu-assn.or.jp/about05.html"><bdi lang="ja">主な沿革</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道アイヌ協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ainu-assn.or.jp/about05.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-04-26) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%BB%E3%81%AA%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ainu-assn.or.jp%2Fabout05.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hakodate-bugyosho.jp/about3.html"><bdi lang="ja">箱館戦争の七カ月</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">箱館奉行所</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104200655/http://www.hakodate-bugyosho.jp/about3.html">存档</a>于2015-01-04) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%AE%B1%E9%A4%A8%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%83%E3%82%AB%E6%9C%88&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%AE%B1%E9%A4%A8%E5%A5%89%E8%A1%8C%E6%89%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hakodate-bugyosho.jp%2Fabout3.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/docs/2014011700789/"><bdi lang="ja">五稜郭の歴史 箱館戦争~現在</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">函館市</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234416/http://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/docs/2014011700789/">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%94%E7%A8%9C%E9%83%AD%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%80%E7%AE%B1%E9%A4%A8%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89%EF%BD%9E%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B8%82%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp%2Fdocs%2F2014011700789%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150313155617/http://www1.hokkaido-jin.jp/zukan/story/02/15.html"><bdi lang="ja">開拓時代</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道デジタル図鑑</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.hokkaido-jin.jp/zukan/story/02/15.html">原始内容</a>存档于2015-03-13) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E5%9B%B3%E9%91%91%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.hokkaido-jin.jp%2Fzukan%2Fstory%2F02%2F15.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.obihiro.hokkaido.jp/seisakusuisinbu/kouhoukouchouka/shishi_03.html"><bdi lang="ja">第三章 開拓使・札幌県時代(明治2年〜19年)</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">帯広市</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234154/http://www.city.obihiro.hokkaido.jp/seisakusuisinbu/kouhoukouchouka/shishi_03.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%A0%E3%80%80%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E4%BD%BF%E3%83%BB%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E7%9C%8C%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%88%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB2%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%9C19%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%B8%AF%E5%BA%83%E5%B8%82%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.obihiro.hokkaido.jp%2Fseisakusuisinbu%2Fkouhoukouchouka%2Fshishi_03.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100_years-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-0"><sup><b>52.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-1"><sup><b>52.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-2"><sup><b>52.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-3"><sup><b>52.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-4"><sup><b>52.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-5"><sup><b>52.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-6"><sup><b>52.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-7"><sup><b>52.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-8"><sup><b>52.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-9"><sup><b>52.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-10"><sup><b>52.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-11"><sup><b>52.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-12"><sup><b>52.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-13"><sup><b>52.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100_years_52-14"><sup><b>52.14</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ja">大庭幸生・永井秀夫</span>. <bdi lang="ja">《北海道の百年》</bdi>. 東京都: <span lang="ja">山川出版社</span>. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/4-634-27010-2" title="Special:网络书源/4-634-27010-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 4-634-27010-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.au=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%A4%A7%E5%BA%AD%E5%B9%B8%E7%94%9F%E3%83%BB%E6%B0%B8%E4%BA%95%E7%A7%80%E5%A4%AB%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=4-634-27010-2&rft.place=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%B1%B1%E5%B7%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/grj1984a/64/7/64_7_447/_pdf"><bdi lang="ja">第二次世界大戦前における北海道移民の空間移動と定着状況</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">地理学評論</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214855/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/grj1984a/64/7/64_7_447/_pdf">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6%E5%89%8D%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E3%81%AE%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E7%A7%BB%E5%8B%95%E3%81%A8%E5%AE%9A%E7%9D%80%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Fgrj1984a%2F64%2F7%2F64_7_447%2F_pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ja">永井秀夫</span>. <bdi lang="ja">《日本の近代化と北海道》</bdi>. 札幌市: <span lang="ja">北海道大学出版会</span>. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-8329-6679-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-8329-6679-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-4-8329-6679-6</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.au=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%B0%B8%E4%BA%95%E7%A7%80%E5%A4%AB%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96%E3%81%A8%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-4-8329-6679-6&rft.place=%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coal-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coal_55-0"><sup><b>55.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coal_55-1"><sup><b>55.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sorachi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ts/tss/guide-akabira2.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">1 北海道炭鉱産業の歴史と『炭鉱(やま)の記憶』</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">空知総合振興局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214705/http://www.sorachi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ts/tss/guide-akabira2.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%91+%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%82%AD%E9%89%B1%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E3%81%A8%E3%80%8E%E7%82%AD%E9%89%B1%EF%BC%88%E3%82%84%E3%81%BE%EF%BC%89%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E3%80%8F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%A9%BA%E7%9F%A5%E7%B7%8F%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sorachi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fts%2Ftss%2Fguide-akabira2.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/history/kaihatsukyoku.php"><bdi lang="ja">北海道開発局と公共事業依存</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010232848/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/history/kaihatsukyoku.php">存档</a>于2014-10-10) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%B1%80%E3%81%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E4%BE%9D%E5%AD%98&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fhistory%2Fkaihatsukyoku.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907220007/http://www.m-salvage.co.jp/_userdata/16_OLYMPIC">存档副本 <bdi lang="ja">冬季オリンピックと地域活性化</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">まちづくりラボ・サルベージ株式会社</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-salvage.co.jp/_userdata/16_OLYMPIC">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC+%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%81%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A1%E3%81%A5%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.m-salvage.co.jp%2F_userdata%2F16_OLYMPIC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/economic/takugin.php"><bdi lang="ja">北海道拓殖銀行経営破綻</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234419/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/economic/takugin.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%8B%93%E6%AE%96%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C%E7%B5%8C%E5%96%B6%E7%A0%B4%E7%B6%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Feconomic%2Ftakugin.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Economic-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Economic_59-0"><sup><b>59.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Economic_59-1"><sup><b>59.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907220600/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kz/kks/ksk/sng/02/2013youran_fl.pdf">存档副本 <bdi lang="ja">北海道経済要覧 2013年</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kz/kks/ksk/sng/02/2013youran_fl.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC+%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E8%A6%81%E8%A6%A7+2013%E5%B9%B4&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fkz%2Fkks%2Fksk%2Fsng%2F02%2F2013youran_fl.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population2-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Population2_60-0"><sup><b>60.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population2_60-1"><sup><b>60.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population2_60-2"><sup><b>60.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.meti.go.jp/hokss/medemiru12/chapter02.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">Ⅱ.自然・人口</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">経済産業省北海道経済産業局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215850/http://www.hkd.meti.go.jp/hokss/medemiru12/chapter02.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E2%85%A1.%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E3%83%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkd.meti.go.jp%2Fhokss%2Fmedemiru12%2Fchapter02.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population3-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Population3_61-0"><sup><b>61.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population3_61-1"><sup><b>61.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population3_61-2"><sup><b>61.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population3_61-3"><sup><b>61.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population3_61-4"><sup><b>61.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population3_61-5"><sup><b>61.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/geo/population02.php"><bdi lang="ja">人口推移:国内最大だった北海道</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213832/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/geo/population02.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB%EF%BC%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fgeo%2Fpopulation02.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population4-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Population4_62-0"><sup><b>62.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population4_62-1"><sup><b>62.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213539/http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001020762.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道開発をめぐる状況について</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省北海道局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001020762.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E3%82%92%E3%82%81%E3%81%90%E3%82%8B%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlit.go.jp%2Fcommon%2F001020762.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-shicyoson/j/shicyoson13/1kouhyo/gaiyo.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">日本の地域別将来推計人口</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">国立社会保障・人口問題研究所</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209035345/http://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-shicyoson/j/shicyoson13/1kouhyo/gaiyo.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2015-02-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%A5%E5%B0%86%E6%9D%A5%E6%8E%A8%E8%A8%88%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E3%83%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipss.go.jp%2Fpp-shicyoson%2Fj%2Fshicyoson13%2F1kouhyo%2Fgaiyo.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hf/kms/st/shousikanogenjyou.htm"><bdi lang="ja">少子化の現状</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215046/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hf/kms/st/shousikanogenjyou.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%91%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E7%8A%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fhf%2Fkms%2Fst%2Fshousikanogenjyou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population5-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Population5_65-0"><sup><b>65.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population5_65-1"><sup><b>65.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population5_65-2"><sup><b>65.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215023/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/ssa/ksk/jinkou/kaigi1_siryo2.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道の人口に係る現状</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/ssa/ksk/jinkou/kaigi1_siryo2.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E3%81%AB%E4%BF%82%E3%82%8B%E7%8F%BE%E7%8A%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fssa%2Fksk%2Fjinkou%2Fkaigi1_siryo2.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/sum/grp/02/2025chap-1.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">第1章 将来人口の推計にみる少子高齢化</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213221/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/sum/grp/02/2025chap-1.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%91%E7%AB%A0+%E5%B0%86%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E3%81%AE%E6%8E%A8%E8%A8%88%E3%81%AB%E3%81%BF%E3%82%8B%E5%B0%91%E5%AD%90%E9%AB%98%E9%BD%A2%E5%8C%96&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fsum%2Fgrp%2F02%2F2025chap-1.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/geo/population01.php"><bdi lang="ja">人口推移:道内最大だった函館</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214724/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/geo/population01.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB%EF%BC%9A%E9%81%93%E5%86%85%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fgeo%2Fpopulation01.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ainu_Population-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ainu_Population_68-0"><sup><b>68.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ainu_Population_68-1"><sup><b>68.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/ass/grp/H18houkokusyo.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">平成18年 北海道アイヌ生活実態調査報告書</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529192647/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/ass/grp/H18houkokusyo.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-05-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9018%E5%B9%B4+%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%AE%9F%E6%85%8B%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E6%9B%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fks%2Fass%2Fgrp%2FH18houkokusyo.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/history/okhotsk_bunka.php"><bdi lang="ja">オホーツク文化とウィルタとニヴフ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010232845/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/history/okhotsk_bunka.php">存档</a>于2014-10-10) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%81%A8%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%81%A8%E3%83%8B%E3%83%B4%E3%83%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fhistory%2Fokhotsk_bunka.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131010063210/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/tuk/920hsy/920hsy11_03.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">第118回(平成23年)北海道統計書 3 人口</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/tuk/920hsy/920hsy11_03.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2013-10-10) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC118%E5%9B%9E%EF%BC%88%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9023%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E6%9B%B8+3+%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Ftuk%2F920hsy%2F920hsy11_03.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=322AC0000000067"><bdi lang="ja">地方自治法</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">e-Gov法令検索</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-08-30</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929120520/http://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=322AC0000000067">存档</a>于2018-09-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E6%B3%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7Be-Gov%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4%E6%A4%9C%E7%B4%A2%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felaws.e-gov.go.jp%2Fsearch%2FelawsSearch%2Felaws_search%2Flsg0500%2Fdetail%3FlawId%3D322AC0000000067&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shichou-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shichou_72-0"><sup><b>72.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shichou_72-1"><sup><b>72.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/cks/shichou/shichoutop.htm"><bdi lang="ja">支庁制度改革</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820231052/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/cks/shichou/shichoutop.htm">存档</a>于2014-08-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%94%AF%E5%BA%81%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fcks%2Fshichou%2Fshichoutop.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sapporo-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=6625&item_no=1&attribute_id=18&file_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=17"><bdi lang="ja">北海道庁,支庁制度を「廃止」</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">評論 2010年の北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213759/https://sapporo-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=6625&item_no=1&attribute_id=18&file_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=17">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BA%81%EF%BC%8C%E6%94%AF%E5%BA%81%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E3%82%92%E3%80%8C%E5%BB%83%E6%AD%A2%E3%80%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%E3%80%80%EF%BC%92%EF%BC%90%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%90%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%AE%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsapporo-u.repo.nii.ac.jp%2Findex.php%3Faction%3Dpages_view_main%26active_action%3Drepository_action_common_download%26item_id%3D6625%26item_no%3D1%26attribute_id%3D18%26file_no%3D1%26page_id%3D13%26block_id%3D17&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/gappei/area_info.php"><bdi lang="ja">支庁再編計画、支庁→総合振興局へ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723070625/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/gappei/area_info.php">存档</a>于2014-07-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%94%AF%E5%BA%81%E5%86%8D%E7%B7%A8%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB%E3%80%81%E6%94%AF%E5%BA%81%E2%86%92%E7%B7%8F%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80%E3%81%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fgappei%2Farea_info.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Area-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Area_75-0"><sup><b>75.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Area_75-1"><sup><b>75.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/geo/area.php"><bdi lang="ja">道内地域エリア分け大全! 道央・道南・道東・道北ってどこなの?</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141001100357/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/geo/area.php">存档</a>于2014-10-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E5%86%85%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%88%86%E3%81%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8%21+%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AE%E3%83%BB%E9%81%93%E5%8D%97%E3%83%BB%E9%81%93%E6%9D%B1%E3%83%BB%E9%81%93%E5%8C%97%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%A9%E3%81%93%E3%81%AA%E3%81%AE%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fgeo%2Farea.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907220619/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/ssa/ssk/grp/h19aramashi_3_6.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">6 可能性を引き出し、活力とゆとりある地域をつくる(地域生活経済圏の形成)</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/ssa/ssk/grp/h19aramashi_3_6.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%96+%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E3%82%92%E5%BC%95%E3%81%8D%E5%87%BA%E3%81%97%E3%80%81%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%A8%E3%82%86%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8A%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E3%82%92%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%88%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%9C%8F%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fssa%2Fssk%2Fgrp%2Fh19aramashi_3_6.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tt.rim.or.jp/~ishato/tiri/senkyo/kuwari/93hokkai.htm"><bdi lang="ja">旧中選挙区区割:北海道</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">旧公職選挙法(中選挙区制)による衆議院議員選挙区</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213925/http://www.tt.rim.or.jp/~ishato/tiri/senkyo/kuwari/93hokkai.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A7%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%8C%BA%E5%89%B2%EF%BC%9A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%97%A7%E5%85%AC%E8%81%B7%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%89%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E8%A1%86%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E5%8C%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tt.rim.or.jp%2F~ishato%2Ftiri%2Fsenkyo%2Fkuwari%2F93hokkai.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000240039.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">総務省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014063202/http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000240039.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2013-10-14) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%B7%8F%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soumu.go.jp%2Fmain_content%2F000240039.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214636/http://senkyo.mainichi.jp/news/20121217ddr041010003000c.html"><bdi lang="ja">衆院選:崩れ落ちた民主王国 「よりまし」自民回帰(その1) 道内大物、続々苦杯</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">毎日新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://senkyo.mainichi.jp/news/20121217ddr041010003000c.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%A1%86%E9%99%A2%E9%81%B8%3A%E5%B4%A9%E3%82%8C%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%81%9F%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E3%80%80%E3%80%8C%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%80%8D%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%9E%E5%B8%B0%EF%BC%88%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%89%E3%80%80%E9%81%93%E5%86%85%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E3%80%81%E7%B6%9A%E3%80%85%E8%8B%A6%E6%9D%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%AF%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsenkyo.mainichi.jp%2Fnews%2F20121217ddr041010003000c.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Election-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Election_80-0"><sup><b>80.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Election_80-1"><sup><b>80.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Election_80-2"><sup><b>80.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Election_80-3"><sup><b>80.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Election_80-4"><sup><b>80.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.a07.itscom.net/kazoo/seizi/kekka/sousenkyo_kekka.htm"><bdi lang="ja">衆議院選挙 小選挙区の結果推移</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">選挙だ! 選挙だ!</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501061441/http://home.a07.itscom.net/kazoo/seizi/kekka/sousenkyo_kekka.htm">存档</a>于2015-05-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%A1%86%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99+%E5%B0%8F%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E5%8C%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E3%81%A0%EF%BC%81+%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E3%81%A0%EF%BC%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.a07.itscom.net%2Fkazoo%2Fseizi%2Fkekka%2Fsousenkyo_kekka.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/election/shugiin2009/kaihyou/ya01.htm"><bdi lang="ja">小選挙区 北海道</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">読売新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810060151/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/election/shugiin2009/kaihyou/ya01.htm">存档</a>于2014-08-10) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%8F%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E5%8C%BA+%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E8%AA%AD%E5%A3%B2%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yomiuri.co.jp%2Felection%2Fshugiin2009%2Fkaihyou%2Fya01.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asahi.com/area/hokkaido/articles/HOK201212170004.html"><bdi lang="ja">民主、小選挙区ゼロ 北海道</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">朝日新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140908015539/http://www.asahi.com/area/hokkaido/articles/HOK201212170004.html">存档</a>于2014-09-08) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E3%80%81%E5%B0%8F%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E5%8C%BA%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%80%80%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahi.com%2Farea%2Fhokkaido%2Farticles%2FHOK201212170004.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602152452/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/election2012/board/senkyoku-01.htm"><bdi lang="ja">選挙区 北海道 当選者一覧</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">産経新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sankei.jp.msn.com/election2012/board/senkyoku-01.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2013-06-02) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E5%8C%BA%E3%80%80%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%80%80%E5%BD%93%E9%81%B8%E8%80%85%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%94%A3%E7%B5%8C%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsankei.jp.msn.com%2Felection2012%2Fboard%2Fsenkyoku-01.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hs/h24shugi/46shugisokuhou.htm"><bdi lang="ja">第46回衆議院議員総選挙投開票速報</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414010940/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hs/h24shugi/46shugisokuhou.htm">存档</a>于2015-04-14) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC46%E5%9B%9E%E8%A1%86%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B7%8F%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E6%8A%95%E9%96%8B%E7%A5%A8%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fhs%2Fh24shugi%2F46shugisokuhou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hs/H26shugi/sokuho/ippan_top.htm"><bdi lang="ja">第47回衆議院議員総選挙投開票速報</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-24</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024153723/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hs/H26shugi/sokuho/ippan_top.htm">存档</a>于2017-10-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC47%E5%9B%9E%E8%A1%86%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B7%8F%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E6%8A%95%E9%96%8B%E7%A5%A8%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fhs%2FH26shugi%2Fsokuho%2Fippan_top.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hs/H29shugi/sokuho/ippan_top.htm"><bdi lang="ja">投開票速報(一般_比例代表_名簿届出政党等別得票数(全道計))</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-24</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024153432/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hs/H29shugi/sokuho/ippan_top.htm">存档</a>于2017-10-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%8A%95%E9%96%8B%E7%A5%A8%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%EF%BC%BF%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%EF%BC%BF%E5%90%8D%E7%B0%BF%E5%B1%8A%E5%87%BA%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E7%AD%89%E5%88%A5%E5%BE%97%E7%A5%A8%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%88%E5%85%A8%E9%81%93%E8%A8%88%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fhs%2FH29shugi%2Fsokuho%2Fippan_top.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhk.or.jp/senkyo/database/shugiin/2021/01/"><bdi lang="ja">北海道</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">NHK</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-11-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101002452/https://www.nhk.or.jp/senkyo/database/shugiin/2021/01/">存档</a>于2021-11-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BNHK%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhk.or.jp%2Fsenkyo%2Fdatabase%2Fshugiin%2F2021%2F01%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hs/H29shugi/sokuho/ippan_h/tokuhyo_zendo.htm"><bdi lang="ja">第48回衆議院議員総選挙投開票速報</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-24</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024154133/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hs/H29shugi/sokuho/ippan_h/tokuhyo_zendo.htm">存档</a>于2017-10-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC48%E5%9B%9E%E8%A1%86%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B7%8F%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E6%8A%95%E9%96%8B%E7%A5%A8%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fhs%2FH29shugi%2Fsokuho%2Fippan_h%2Ftokuhyo_zendo.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhk.or.jp/senkyo/database/shugiin/2021/00/hsm01.html"><bdi lang="ja">比例代表 北海道ブロック</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">NHK</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-11-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101002944/https://www.nhk.or.jp/senkyo/database/shugiin/2021/00/hsm01.html">存档</a>于2021-11-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8+%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BNHK%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhk.or.jp%2Fsenkyo%2Fdatabase%2Fshugiin%2F2021%2F00%2Fhsm01.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/naruhodo/naruhodo03.html"><bdi lang="ja">選挙の種類</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">総務省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140613203751/http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/naruhodo/naruhodo03.html">存档</a>于2014-06-13) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E3%81%AE%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%B7%8F%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soumu.go.jp%2Fsenkyo%2Fsenkyo_s%2Fnaruhodo%2Fnaruhodo03.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114042750/http://www.daichi.gr.jp/about.html"><bdi lang="ja">新党大地 基本理念</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">新党大地</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daichi.gr.jp/about.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-11-14) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%85%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E3%80%80%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%90%86%E5%BF%B5&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%96%B0%E5%85%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daichi.gr.jp%2Fabout.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chiji-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chiji_92-0"><sup><b>92.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chiji_92-1"><sup><b>92.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chiji_92-2"><sup><b>92.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chiji_92-3"><sup><b>92.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chiji_92-4"><sup><b>92.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/file.jsp?id=448350"><bdi lang="ja">北海道知事の選挙結果(昭和22年~現在)</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%9F%A5%E4%BA%8B%E3%81%AE%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%EF%BC%88%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C22%E5%B9%B4%EF%BD%9E%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Ffile.jsp%3Fid%3D448350&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2016年3月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hs/H31chijidogi/sokuho/ippan/chiji/tokuhyo_uchiwake.htm"><bdi lang="ja">投開票速報(一般_知事_候補者別得票数(内訳))</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-11</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411094428/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hs/H31chijidogi/sokuho/ippan/chiji/tokuhyo_uchiwake.htm">存档</a>于2019-04-11) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%8A%95%E9%96%8B%E7%A5%A8%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%EF%BC%BF%E7%9F%A5%E4%BA%8B%EF%BC%BF%E5%80%99%E8%A3%9C%E8%80%85%E5%88%A5%E5%BE%97%E7%A5%A8%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%88%E5%86%85%E8%A8%B3%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fhs%2FH31chijidogi%2Fsokuho%2Fippan%2Fchiji%2Ftokuhyo_uchiwake.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410082111/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/sapporo/20230410/7000056647.html"><bdi lang="ja">北海道知事選挙 現職の鈴木直道氏が与野党対決を制し再選</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">NHK</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-04-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/sapporo/20230410/7000056647.html">原始内容</a>存档于2023-04-10) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%9F%A5%E4%BA%8B%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99+%E7%8F%BE%E8%81%B7%E3%81%AE%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%B4%E9%81%93%E6%B0%8F%E3%81%8C%E4%B8%8E%E9%87%8E%E5%85%9A%E5%AF%BE%E6%B1%BA%E3%82%92%E5%88%B6%E3%81%97%E5%86%8D%E9%81%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BNHK%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nhk.or.jp%2Flnews%2Fsapporo%2F20230410%2F7000056647.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410082631/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/sapporo/20230410/7000056650.html"><bdi lang="ja">北海道議会議員選挙 自民・公明で57議席で過半数占める</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">NHK</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-04-10</span>]</span>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/sm/zsi/hc/zaiseijyokyo48-63.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%93%EF%BC%93%E5%8F%B7%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fsm%2Fzsi%2Fhc%2Fzaiseijyokyo48-63.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025074542/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kz/kks/ksk/keizaikeisan/H26gaiyou.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">「平成26年度道民経済計算」の概要</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-04-30</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kz/kks/ksk/keizaikeisan/H26gaiyou.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2017-10-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90%EF%BC%92%EF%BC%96%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E9%81%93%E6%B0%91%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fkz%2Fkks%2Fksk%2Fkeizaikeisan%2FH26gaiyou.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sangyo-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sangyo_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkk.or.jp/kenkyusho/file/jyosei_rep14-6.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">産業構造と職業構造からみた北海道経済の分析</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道開発協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-04-30</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170110162744/http://hkk.or.jp/kenkyusho/file/jyosei_rep14-6.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2017-01-10) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E3%81%A8%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9F%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E3%81%AE%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkk.or.jp%2Fkenkyusho%2Ffile%2Fjyosei_rep14-6.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140829132022/http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_nogyo/kai/nogyo.htm"><bdi lang="ja">北海道農業の概要</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省北海道開発局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_nogyo/kai/nogyo.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkd.mlit.go.jp%2Fzigyoka%2Fz_nogyo%2Fkai%2Fnogyo.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150503040711/http://www.maff.go.jp/hokkaido/kikaku/FAN/FANhokkaidonojikyuuritu.html"><bdi lang="ja">平成24年 農業産出額及び生産農業所得(都道府県別)</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">農林水産省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maff.go.jp/hokkaido/kikaku/FAN/FANhokkaidonojikyuuritu.html">原始内容</a>存档于2015-05-03) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9024%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%80%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%94%A3%E5%87%BA%E9%A1%8D%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E6%89%80%E5%BE%97%EF%BC%88%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%9C%8C%E5%88%A5%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E8%BE%B2%E6%9E%97%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A3%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maff.go.jp%2Fhokkaido%2Fkikaku%2FFAN%2FFANhokkaidonojikyuuritu.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150503040711/http://www.maff.go.jp/hokkaido/kikaku/FAN/FANhokkaidonojikyuuritu.html"><bdi lang="ja">北海道の自給率</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道農政事務所</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maff.go.jp/hokkaido/kikaku/FAN/FANhokkaidonojikyuuritu.html">原始内容</a>存档于2015-05-03) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E7%B5%A6%E7%8E%87&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E8%BE%B2%E6%94%BF%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maff.go.jp%2Fhokkaido%2Fkikaku%2FFAN%2FFANhokkaidonojikyuuritu.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agriculture-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Agriculture_102-0"><sup><b>102.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agriculture_102-1"><sup><b>102.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agriculture_102-2"><sup><b>102.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agriculture_102-3"><sup><b>102.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agriculture_102-4"><sup><b>102.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ns/shs/grp/01/090131_genzyoutokadai.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道農業・農村の現状と課題</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道農政部</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214956/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ns/shs/grp/01/090131_genzyoutokadai.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E3%83%BB%E8%BE%B2%E6%9D%91%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E7%8A%B6%E3%81%A8%E8%AA%B2%E9%A1%8C&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E8%BE%B2%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fns%2Fshs%2Fgrp%2F01%2F090131_genzyoutokadai.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fishery-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fishery_103-0"><sup><b>103.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fishery_103-1"><sup><b>103.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131127014624/http://www.maff.go.jp/hokkaido/policy/jyousei/pdf/pamphlet.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">グラフでみる北海道の漁業</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">農林水産省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maff.go.jp/hokkaido/policy/jyousei/pdf/pamphlet.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2013-11-27) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%81%A7%E3%81%BF%E3%82%8B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E8%BE%B2%E6%9E%97%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A3%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maff.go.jp%2Fhokkaido%2Fpolicy%2Fjyousei%2Fpdf%2Fpamphlet.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215015/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/sr/sum/grp/suiki/2014_sui_gaiyou.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">「平成 25 年度 水産業・漁村の動向等に関する年次報告」の概要</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/sr/sum/grp/suiki/2014_sui_gaiyou.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90+25+%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6+%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E3%83%BB%E6%BC%81%E6%9D%91%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E5%90%91%E7%AD%89%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A1%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fsr%2Fsum%2Fgrp%2Fsuiki%2F2014_sui_gaiyou.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp/j/keikaku/genkyou/h24/pdf/shinrin_r_h24.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">都道府県別森林率</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">林野庁</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-04-30</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329053553/http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp/j/keikaku/genkyou/h24/pdf/shinrin_r_h24.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2017-03-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%9C%8C%E5%88%A5%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%87&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9E%97%E9%87%8E%E5%BA%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rinya.maff.go.jp%2Fj%2Fkeikaku%2Fgenkyou%2Fh24%2Fpdf%2Fshinrin_r_h24.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/tuk/010cmn/h26kougyoukakuhou.htm"><bdi lang="ja">平成26年工業統計確報</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-24</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160731170807/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/tuk/010cmn/h26kougyoukakuhou.htm">存档</a>于2016-07-31) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90%EF%BC%92%EF%BC%96%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E7%A2%BA%E5%A0%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Ftuk%2F010cmn%2Fh26kougyoukakuhou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kz/ssg/dai2kaishiryou2-5.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道経済の現状と課題 経済活性化に向けた取組方向</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215004/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kz/ssg/dai2kaishiryou2-5.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E7%8A%B6%E3%81%A8%E8%AA%B2%E9%A1%8C+%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96%E3%81%AB%E5%90%91%E3%81%91%E3%81%9F%E5%8F%96%E7%B5%84%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fkz%2Fssg%2Fdai2kaishiryou2-5.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Industry-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Industry_108-0"><sup><b>108.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Industry_108-1"><sup><b>108.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Industry_108-2"><sup><b>108.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/tuk/010cmn/12k_outline.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">平成24年工業統計調査結果確報(北海道分)</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213137/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/tuk/010cmn/12k_outline.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9024%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E7%A2%BA%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%88%86%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Ftuk%2F010cmn%2F12k_outline.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlit.go.jp/hkb/hkb_tk7_000003.html"><bdi lang="ja">苫小牧東部地域開発</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907233900/http://www.mlit.go.jp/hkb/hkb_tk7_000003.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%8B%AB%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%A7%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlit.go.jp%2Fhkb%2Fhkb_tk7_000003.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.sapporo.jp/kikaku/tokku/keikaku/ven.html"><bdi lang="ja">さっぽろベンチャー創出特区</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">札幌市</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212923/http://www.city.sapporo.jp/kikaku/tokku/keikaku/ven.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%81%95%E3%81%A3%E3%81%BD%E3%82%8D%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E5%89%B5%E5%87%BA%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.sapporo.jp%2Fkikaku%2Ftokku%2Fkeikaku%2Fven.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kz/kke/grp/02/H21sekitantyosa_hokokusyo2.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">石炭資源の賦存状況編</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213058/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kz/kke/grp/02/H21sekitantyosa_hokokusyo2.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E3%81%AE%E8%B3%A6%E5%AD%98%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81%E7%B7%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fkz%2Fkke%2Fgrp%2F02%2FH21sekitantyosa_hokokusyo2.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025074028/http://www.city.kushiro.lg.jp/sangyou/b_shien/sangyou/tankou/tankou/00001.html">存档副本 <bdi lang="ja">釧路の炭鉱</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">釧路市</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-04-30</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.kushiro.lg.jp/sangyou/b_shien/sangyou/tankou/tankou/00001.html">原始内容</a>存档于2017-10-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC+%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E3%81%AE%E7%82%AD%E9%89%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E5%B8%82%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.kushiro.lg.jp%2Fsangyou%2Fb_shien%2Fsangyou%2Ftankou%2Ftankou%2F00001.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.k-coal.co.jp/coal_excavation.html"><bdi lang="ja">石炭採掘事業</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">釧路コールマイン株式会社</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212908/http://www.k-coal.co.jp/coal_excavation.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E6%8E%A1%E6%8E%98%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.k-coal.co.jp%2Fcoal_excavation.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNZO46991340W2A001C1M11700/"><bdi lang="ja">北の炭鉱、輝き取り戻す</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">日本経済新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809060011/http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNZO46991340W2A001C1M11700/">存档</a>于2014-08-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E3%81%AE%E7%82%AD%E9%89%B1%E3%80%81%E8%BC%9D%E3%81%8D%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8A%E6%88%BB%E3%81%99&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nikkei.com%2Farticle%2FDGXNZO46991340W2A001C1M11700%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000054850.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道の建設業の現状分析</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305141853/http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000054850.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2016-03-05) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD%E6%A5%AD%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E7%8A%B6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlit.go.jp%2Fcommon%2F000054850.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tourism-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tourism_116-0"><sup><b>116.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tourism_116-1"><sup><b>116.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025075240/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kz/kkd/toukei/genkyou_honbun_201609.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道観光の現況2016</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-04-30</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kz/kkd/toukei/genkyou_honbun_201609.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2017-10-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E6%B3%812016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fkz%2Fkkd%2Ftoukei%2Fgenkyou_honbun_201609.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030635/http://www.hkd.meti.go.jp/hokir/h21torikumi/seisaku.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">平成21年度商業活性化・物流効率化支援策</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">経済産業省北海道経済産業局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.meti.go.jp/hokir/h21torikumi/seisaku.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2015-09-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9021%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96%E3%83%BB%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%81%E5%8A%B9%E7%8E%87%E5%8C%96%E6%94%AF%E6%8F%B4%E7%AD%96&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkd.meti.go.jp%2Fhokir%2Fh21torikumi%2Fseisaku.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/tuk/023ccm/14_findings01.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">調査結果の概要</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-24</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025074032/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/tuk/023ccm/14_findings01.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2017-10-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Ftuk%2F023ccm%2F14_findings01.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homac.co.jp/company/history/"><bdi lang="ja">会社沿革</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">ホーマック</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026125455/http://www.homac.co.jp/company/history/">存档</a>于2014-10-26) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homac.co.jp%2Fcompany%2Fhistory%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nitori.co.jp/about_us/history/"><bdi lang="ja">沿革</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">ニトリ</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214847/http://www.nitori.co.jp/about_us/history/">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%83%8B%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nitori.co.jp%2Fabout_us%2Fhistory%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seicomart.co.jp/aboutus/history.html"><bdi lang="ja">セイコーマートグループの歩み</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">セイコーマート</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140904001134/http://www.seicomart.co.jp/aboutus/history.html">存档</a>于2014-09-04) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%A9%E3%81%BF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seicomart.co.jp%2Faboutus%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hokuyobank.co.jp/about/company/history.html"><bdi lang="ja">沿革</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北洋銀行</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214757/http://www.hokuyobank.co.jp/about/company/history.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B4%8B%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hokuyobank.co.jp%2Fabout%2Fcompany%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hokkaidobank.co.jp/company/profile/"><bdi lang="ja">会社情報</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道銀行</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215509/http://www.hokkaidobank.co.jp/company/profile/">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hokkaidobank.co.jp%2Fcompany%2Fprofile%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701220220/http://www.sse.or.jp/about/introduce.html"><bdi lang="ja">札幌証券取引所概要</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">札幌証券取引所概要</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sse.or.jp/about/introduce.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-07-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E8%A8%BC%E5%88%B8%E5%8F%96%E5%BC%95%E6%89%80%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E8%A8%BC%E5%88%B8%E5%8F%96%E5%BC%95%E6%89%80%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sse.or.jp%2Fabout%2Fintroduce.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://internet.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/special/20111121_492673.html"><bdi lang="ja">さくらインターネット石狩データセンターは独自の工夫が山盛り</bdi></a>. Internet Watch. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708004836/http://internet.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/special/20111121_492673.html">存档</a>于2014-07-08) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%81%95%E3%81%8F%E3%82%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AF%E7%8B%AC%E8%87%AA%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%AB%E3%81%8C%E5%B1%B1%E7%9B%9B%E3%82%8A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Internet+Watch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finternet.watch.impress.co.jp%2Fdocs%2Fspecial%2F20111121_492673.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/economic/sapporov.php"><bdi lang="ja">サッポロバレー</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907233935/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/economic/sapporov.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Feconomic%2Fsapporov.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sec.or.jp/elecen/technopark.html"><bdi lang="ja">札幌テクノパークの概要</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">札幌テクノパーク</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903030836/http://www.sec.or.jp/elecen/technopark.html">存档</a>于2014-09-03) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E3%83%86%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8E%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E3%83%86%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8E%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.or.jp%2Felecen%2Ftechnopark.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lake-akan.com/ikoro/kousyoubungaku/"><bdi lang="ja">口承文学</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">阿寒湖温泉アイヌ文化推進実行委員会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205053759/http://www.lake-akan.com/ikoro/kousyoubungaku/">存档</a>于2014-02-05) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A3%E6%89%BF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%92%E6%B9%96%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%8E%A8%E9%80%B2%E5%AE%9F%E8%A1%8C%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lake-akan.com%2Fikoro%2Fkousyoubungaku%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jtco.or.jp/japanese-culture/?act=detail&id=57&p=0&c=19"><bdi lang="ja">アイヌ古式舞踊</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">日本伝統文化振興機構</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214731/http://www.jtco.or.jp/japanese-culture/?act=detail&id=57&p=0&c=19">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%8F%E8%88%9E%E8%B8%8A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%9D%E7%B5%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jtco.or.jp%2Fjapanese-culture%2F%3Fact%3Ddetail%26id%3D57%26p%3D0%26c%3D19&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907233833/http://www.coachmanscooperstown.com/ainu/ainucook.html"><bdi lang="ja">アイヌ料理</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道の文化と食事</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coachmanscooperstown.com/ainu/ainucook.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E6%96%99%E7%90%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%81%A8%E9%A3%9F%E4%BA%8B%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coachmanscooperstown.com%2Fainu%2Fainucook.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702235723/http://www.ainu-museum.or.jp/nyumon/rekishibunka/2_6issyo.html"><bdi lang="ja">人の一生</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">アイヌ民族博物館</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ainu-museum.or.jp/nyumon/rekishibunka/2_6issyo.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-07-02) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E7%94%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ainu-museum.or.jp%2Fnyumon%2Frekishibunka%2F2_6issyo.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/ass/new_ainugo.htm"><bdi lang="ja">アイヌ語とは</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907220623/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/ass/new_ainugo.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fks%2Fass%2Fnew_ainugo.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.nacos.com/lsj/modules/documents/LSJpapers/journals/142_sato.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">アイヌ語の現状と復興</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">言語研究</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214657/http://www3.nacos.com/lsj/modules/documents/LSJpapers/journals/142_sato.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E7%8A%B6%E3%81%A8%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nacos.com%2Flsj%2Fmodules%2Fdocuments%2FLSJpapers%2Fjournals%2F142_sato.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/ass/new_timeilist.htm"><bdi lang="ja">アイヌ語地名リスト</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821141516/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/ass/new_timeilist.htm">存档</a>于2014-08-21) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fks%2Fass%2Fnew_timeilist.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/ass/new_ainusinpou.htm"><bdi lang="ja">「アイヌ文化振興法」の制定</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234236/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/ass/new_ainusinpou.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E6%B3%95%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E5%88%B6%E5%AE%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fks%2Fass%2Fnew_ainusinpou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dialect-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dialect_136-0"><sup><b>136.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dialect_136-1"><sup><b>136.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/language/info.php"><bdi lang="ja">方言(北海道弁)について</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214727/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/language/info.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%28%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BC%81%29%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Flanguage%2Finfo.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ja">平山輝男</span>. <bdi lang="ja">《北海道のことば (日本のことばシリーズ)》</bdi>. 東京都: <span lang="ja">明治書院</span>. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4625522017" title="Special:网络书源/978-4625522017"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-4625522017</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.au=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%B9%B3%E5%B1%B1%E8%BC%9D%E7%94%B7%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%B0+%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%29%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-4625522017&rft.place=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%9B%B8%E9%99%A2%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nufs-nuas.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=336&item_no=1&attribute_id=22&file_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=17"><bdi lang="ja">「よろしかったですか」等の表現の自然さに関するアンケート調査の分析</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">竹の庫:学術情報リポジトリ</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212848/https://nufs-nuas.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=336&item_no=1&attribute_id=22&file_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=17">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%82%88%E3%82%8D%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B%E3%80%8D%E7%AD%89%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E3%81%95%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%AB%B9%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%AB%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E8%A1%93%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B8%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnufs-nuas.repo.nii.ac.jp%2Findex.php%3Faction%3Dpages_view_main%26active_action%3Drepository_action_common_download%26item_id%3D336%26item_no%3D1%26attribute_id%3D22%26file_no%3D1%26page_id%3D13%26block_id%3D17&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/language/other3.php"><bdi lang="ja">固有名詞その他:方言(北海道弁)</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214531/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/language/other3.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BA%E6%9C%89%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E4%BB%96%3A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%28%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BC%81%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Flanguage%2Fother3.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907220610/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/ssa/sk/sansho/jissen_koudou_74.htm"><bdi lang="ja">松前マグロのブランド化</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/ssa/sk/sansho/jissen_koudou_74.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%9D%BE%E5%89%8D%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%81%AE%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E5%8C%96&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fssa%2Fsk%2Fsansho%2Fjissen_koudou_74.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hakobura.jp/db/db-food/2011/06/post-217.html"><bdi lang="ja">一花亭 たびじ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">はこぶら</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213533/http://www.hakobura.jp/db/db-food/2011/06/post-217.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%80%E8%8A%B1%E4%BA%AD%E3%80%80%E3%81%9F%E3%81%B3%E3%81%98&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%81%AF%E3%81%93%E3%81%B6%E3%82%89%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hakobura.jp%2Fdb%2Fdb-food%2F2011%2F06%2Fpost-217.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214010544/http://www.kushiro-kankou.or.jp/tourism/washo.html"><bdi lang="ja">和商市場</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">釧路観光コンベンション協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kushiro-kankou.or.jp/tourism/washo.html">原始内容</a>存档于2015-02-14) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%92%8C%E5%95%86%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kushiro-kankou.or.jp%2Ftourism%2Fwasho.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.butadon-ippin.com/butadon/butadon_index.html"><bdi lang="ja">豚丼について</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">十勝豚丼 いっぴん</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214601/http://www.butadon-ippin.com/butadon/butadon_index.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%B1%9A%E4%B8%BC%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E8%B1%9A%E4%B8%BC+%E3%81%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%B4%E3%82%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.butadon-ippin.com%2Fbutadon%2Fbutadon_index.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071019040726/http://www5.hokkaido-np.co.jp/sapporokenbu/oh-sapporo/jingisukan/03.html"><bdi lang="ja">調査報告その3 ルーツを探る</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www5.hokkaido-np.co.jp/sapporokenbu/oh-sapporo/jingisukan/03.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-10-19) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%EF%BC%93%E3%80%80%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%92%E6%8E%A2%E3%82%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww5.hokkaido-np.co.jp%2Fsapporokenbu%2Foh-sapporo%2Fjingisukan%2F03.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramen-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ramen_145-0"><sup><b>145.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramen_145-1"><sup><b>145.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapporo-esta.jp/page/ramen/about_noodle.html"><bdi lang="ja">北海道のラーメンについて</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">札幌ラーメン共和国</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140805085735/http://www.sapporo-esta.jp/page/ramen/about_noodle.html">存档</a>于2014-08-05) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sapporo-esta.jp%2Fpage%2Framen%2Fabout_noodle.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071019040726/http://www5.hokkaido-np.co.jp/sapporokenbu/oh-sapporo/jingisukan/03.html"><bdi lang="ja">北国ラーメンものがたり:旭川ラーメン、そのスープと麺の秘密</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道人</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www5.hokkaido-np.co.jp/sapporokenbu/oh-sapporo/jingisukan/03.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-10-19) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E5%9B%BD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8C%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%AD%E5%B7%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%80%81%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%81%A8%E9%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E4%BA%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww5.hokkaido-np.co.jp%2Fsapporokenbu%2Foh-sapporo%2Fjingisukan%2F03.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seimen.co.jp/wonderland/gotouchi/sapporo.html"><bdi lang="ja">札幌ラーメンってなんだ?</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">西山製麺株式会社</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215516/http://www.seimen.co.jp/wonderland/gotouchi/sapporo.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%EF%BC%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%B1%E8%A3%BD%E9%BA%BA%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seimen.co.jp%2Fwonderland%2Fgotouchi%2Fsapporo.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212937/http://www.hakodate150.com/modules/pico2/index.php?content_id=48"><bdi lang="ja">函館ラーメンと「函館のラーメン」</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">ハコダテ150</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hakodate150.com/modules/pico2/index.php?content_id=48">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A8%E3%80%8C%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%80%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%86150%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hakodate150.com%2Fmodules%2Fpico2%2Findex.php%3Fcontent_id%3D48&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ganso-yokocho.com/rekishi.html"><bdi lang="ja">さっぽろラーメン横丁とは</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">札幌ラーメン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031192135/http://ganso-yokocho.com/rekishi.html">存档</a>于2014-10-31) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%81%95%E3%81%A3%E3%81%BD%E3%82%8D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E6%A8%AA%E4%B8%81%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganso-yokocho.com%2Frekishi.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ishiya.co.jp/item/shiroi/details/"><bdi lang="ja">白い恋人</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">石屋製菓</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140909171321/http://www.ishiya.co.jp/item/shiroi/details/">存档</a>于2014-09-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%99%BD%E3%81%84%E6%81%8B%E4%BA%BA&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%9F%B3%E5%B1%8B%E8%A3%BD%E8%8F%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ishiya.co.jp%2Fitem%2Fshiroi%2Fdetails%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corporate.royce.com/history.html"><bdi lang="ja">沿革</bdi></a>. ROYCE'. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318154600/http://corporate.royce.com/history.html">存档</a>于2015-03-18) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ROYCE%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.royce.com%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010100548/http://www.rokkatei.co.jp/company/index.html"><bdi lang="ja">会社概要</bdi></a>. 六花亭. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rokkatei.co.jp/company/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-10) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%85%AD%E8%8A%B1%E4%BA%AD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rokkatei.co.jp%2Fcompany%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212607/http://www.sapporobeer.jp/story/1876/index.html"><bdi lang="ja">ドイツで学んだビール醸造</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">札幌ビール</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapporobeer.jp/story/1876/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E3%81%A7%E5%AD%A6%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E9%86%B8%E9%80%A0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sapporobeer.jp%2Fstory%2F1876%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.walkerplus.com/article/16743/"><bdi lang="ja">コーラに対抗!? 「ガラナ」は、なぜ北海道だけで広まったのか?</bdi></a>. Walkerplus. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140908113140/http://news.walkerplus.com/article/16743/">存档</a>于2014-09-08) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%81%AB%E5%AF%BE%E6%8A%97%21%3F+%E3%80%8C%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8A%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A7%E5%BA%83%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%EF%BC%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Walkerplus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.walkerplus.com%2Farticle%2F16743%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/ass/new_ainusinpou.htm"><bdi lang="ja">カツゲンで育つ道産子!!</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234236/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/ass/new_ainusinpou.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%AB%E3%83%84%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A7%E8%82%B2%E3%81%A4%E9%81%93%E7%94%A3%E5%AD%90%21%21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fks%2Fass%2Fnew_ainusinpou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kk.hokkaido-np.co.jp/joho/syashi.html"><bdi lang="ja">社史</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140915211722/http://kk.hokkaido-np.co.jp/joho/syashi.html">存档</a>于2014-09-15) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%A4%BE%E5%8F%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkk.hokkaido-np.co.jp%2Fjoho%2Fsyashi.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adv.hokkaido-np.co.jp/"><bdi lang="ja">北海道新聞社広告局ホームページ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209140046/http://adv.hokkaido-np.co.jp/">存档</a>于2014-12-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%A4%BE%E5%BA%83%E5%91%8A%E5%B1%80%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadv.hokkaido-np.co.jp%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kk.hokkaido-np.co.jp/joho/shikyoku.html"><bdi lang="ja">支局・海外駐在</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道新聞</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140807171105/http://kk.hokkaido-np.co.jp/joho/shikyoku.html">存档</a>于2014-08-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%94%AF%E5%B1%80%E3%83%BB%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E9%A7%90%E5%9C%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkk.hokkaido-np.co.jp%2Fjoho%2Fshikyoku.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.pref.hokkaido.jp/web/hoppo/qulnh00000000gk3-att/qulnh00000000gki.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道の新聞について</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道立図書館</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105442/http://www.library.pref.hokkaido.jp/web/hoppo/qulnh00000000gk3-att/qulnh00000000gki.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2016-03-04) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.pref.hokkaido.jp%2Fweb%2Fhoppo%2Fqulnh00000000gk3-att%2Fqulnh00000000gki.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213228/http://www.nhk.or.jp/sapporo/station_info/g_nhkhistory.html"><bdi lang="ja">NHK北海道略史</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">NHK札幌放送局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhk.or.jp/sapporo/station_info/g_nhkhistory.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=NHK%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E7%95%A5%E5%8F%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BNHK%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhk.or.jp%2Fsapporo%2Fstation_info%2Fg_nhkhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbc.co.jp/hbc/hbc-guide/history.html"><bdi lang="ja">HBCの沿革</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道放送</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215343/http://www.hbc.co.jp/hbc/hbc-guide/history.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=HBC%E3%81%AE%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbc.co.jp%2Fhbc%2Fhbc-guide%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130915013346/http://www.stv.ne.jp/info/corporate/index.html"><bdi lang="ja">企業情報 - 会社概要・所在地</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">STV札幌テレビ放送</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stv.ne.jp/info/corporate/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-09-15) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1+%EF%BC%8D+%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81%E3%83%BB%E6%89%80%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BSTV%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stv.ne.jp%2Finfo%2Fcorporate%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.htb.co.jp/htb/information/history.html"><bdi lang="ja">沿革</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">HTB</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203102805/http://www.htb.co.jp/htb/information/history.html">存档</a>于2015-02-03) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BHTB%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.htb.co.jp%2Fhtb%2Finformation%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140918101445/http://uhb.jp/personalinfo/uhb_information.html"><bdi lang="ja">会社情報</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道文化放送</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uhb.jp/personalinfo/uhb_information.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-18) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuhb.jp%2Fpersonalinfo%2Fuhb_information.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tv-hokkaido.co.jp/company/"><bdi lang="ja">会社概要</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">テレビ北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821052244/http://www.tv-hokkaido.co.jp/company/">存档</a>于2014-08-21) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv-hokkaido.co.jp%2Fcompany%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907233900/http://www.sorachi.pref.hokkaido.jp/so-tssak/html/parts/10kiiroihankachi.html"><bdi lang="ja">幸福の黄色いハンカチ想い出広場</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">空知支庁</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sorachi.pref.hokkaido.jp/so-tssak/html/parts/10kiiroihankachi.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B8%E7%A6%8F%E3%81%AE%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2%E3%81%84%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%81%E6%83%B3%E3%81%84%E5%87%BA%E5%BA%83%E5%A0%B4&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%A9%BA%E7%9F%A5%E6%94%AF%E5%BA%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sorachi.pref.hokkaido.jp%2Fso-tssak%2Fhtml%2Fparts%2F10kiiroihankachi.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214455/http://wakkanai-cci.or.jp/locanavi/cat/location/"><bdi lang="ja">カナリアロケ地</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">稚内商工会議所</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wakkanai-cci.or.jp/locanavi/cat/location/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E5%9C%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%A8%9A%E5%86%85%E5%95%86%E5%B7%A5%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0%E6%89%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwakkanai-cci.or.jp%2Flocanavi%2Fcat%2Flocation%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140705223910/http://furanotourism.com/jp/bigkey/tvdrama/"><bdi lang="ja">TVドラマ・映画のロケ地を巡る</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">ふらの観光協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.furanotourism.com/jp/bigkey/tvdrama/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-07-05) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=TV%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BB%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E5%9C%B0%E3%82%92%E5%B7%A1%E3%82%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%81%B5%E3%82%89%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.furanotourism.com%2Fjp%2Fbigkey%2Ftvdrama%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/sapporo-1972-winter-olympics">Sapporo 1972</a>. IOC. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160209093353/http://www.olympic.org/sapporo-1972-winter-olympics">存档</a>于2016-02-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=Sapporo+1972&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=IOC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fsapporo-1972-winter-olympics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215227/http://net.keizaikai.co.jp/archives/5578"><bdi lang="ja">北半球のオーストラリア〜外国人に愛される街・ニセコ〜</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">経済界</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://net.keizaikai.co.jp/archives/5578">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%8A%E7%90%83%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%80%9C%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AB%E6%84%9B%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E8%A1%97%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%80%9C&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E7%95%8C%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnet.keizaikai.co.jp%2Farchives%2F5578&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jiji.com/jc/2014sochi?p=1972_1&s=medalist"><bdi lang="ja">1972年 札幌五輪 金メダリスト</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">IOC</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214458/http://www.jiji.com/jc/2014sochi?p=1972_1&s=medalist">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=1972%E5%B9%B4+%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E4%BA%94%E8%BC%AA+%E9%87%91%E3%83%A1%E3%83%80%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BIOC%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiji.com%2Fjc%2F2014sochi%3Fp%3D1972_1%26s%3Dmedalist&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meg-snow.com/jump/profile/s_harada.html"><bdi lang="ja">原田雅彦監督</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">雪印メグミルク</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140901213520/http://www.meg-snow.com/jump/profile/s_harada.html">存档</a>于2014-09-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%B0%E9%9B%85%E5%BD%A6%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%9B%AA%E5%8D%B0%E3%83%A1%E3%82%B0%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meg-snow.com%2Fjump%2Fprofile%2Fs_harada.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140813145949/http://www.sangiin.go.jp/japanese/joho1/kousei/giin/profile/5995054.htm"><bdi lang="ja">橋本 聖子(はしもと せいこ)</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">参議院</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sangiin.go.jp/japanese/joho1/kousei/giin/profile/5995054.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-13) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%A9%8B%E6%9C%AC+%E8%81%96%E5%AD%90%EF%BC%88%E3%81%AF%E3%81%97%E3%82%82%E3%81%A8+%E3%81%9B%E3%81%84%E3%81%93%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8F%82%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sangiin.go.jp%2Fjapanese%2Fjoho1%2Fkousei%2Fgiin%2Fprofile%2F5995054.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140904161304/http://www.nipponpapergroup.com/cranes/club/index.html"><bdi lang="ja">チームプロフィール</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">日本製紙クレインズ</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nipponpapergroup.com/cranes/club/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-04) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A3%BD%E7%B4%99%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nipponpapergroup.com%2Fcranes%2Fclub%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ojihockey-fan.jp/team/history_index.php"><bdi lang="ja">チームヒストリー</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">王子イーグルス-オフィシャルファンサイト</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212608/http://www.ojihockey-fan.jp/team/history_index.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%92%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9-%E3%82%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ojihockey-fan.jp%2Fteam%2Fhistory_index.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapporo-dome.co.jp/company/history.html"><bdi lang="ja">札幌ドームのあゆみ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">札幌ドーム</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140710013917/http://www.sapporo-dome.co.jp/company/history.html">存档</a>于2014-07-10) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E3%81%82%E3%82%86%E3%81%BF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sapporo-dome.co.jp%2Fcompany%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234133/http://www.fighters.co.jp/expansion/history/chronology/2006.php"><bdi lang="ja">年表-2006-</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道日本ハムファイターズ</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fighters.co.jp/expansion/history/chronology/2006.php">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8-2006-&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A0%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fighters.co.jp%2Fexpansion%2Fhistory%2Fchronology%2F2006.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140831054706/https://www.consadole-sapporo.jp/club/history.html"><bdi lang="ja">沿革</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">コンサドーレ札幌</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consadole-sapporo.jp/club/history.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-31) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consadole-sapporo.jp%2Fclub%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140925122702/http://www.j-league.or.jp/club/"><bdi lang="ja">クラブ・選手名鑑</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">Jリーグ公式</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-28</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-league.or.jp/club/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E9%81%B8%E6%89%8B%E5%90%8D%E9%91%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BJ%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.j-league.or.jp%2Fclub%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sumo-guide.com/rikishi-from-hokkaido"><bdi lang="ja">北海道出身の大相撲力士一覧!過去から現在、北海道の主な関取たちを網羅しました</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">大相撲のはてなに効く!観戦ガイド</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-02-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223849/https://sumo-guide.com/rikishi-from-hokkaido">存档</a>于2019-02-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%87%BA%E8%BA%AB%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%B2%E5%8A%9B%E5%A3%AB%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7%EF%BC%81%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%E3%80%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%BB%E3%81%AA%E9%96%A2%E5%8F%96%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A1%E3%82%92%E7%B6%B2%E7%BE%85%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%B2%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AF%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AA%E3%81%AB%E5%8A%B9%E3%81%8F%EF%BC%81%E8%A6%B3%E6%88%A6%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsumo-guide.com%2Frikishi-from-hokkaido&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/history/hokudai.php"><bdi lang="ja">札幌農学校と北大</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213316/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/history/hokudai.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E8%BE%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E3%81%A8%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fhistory%2Fhokudai.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/bureau/gaiyou/2014/140715_gaiyou.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道大学概要 2014-2015</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道大学</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030949/http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/bureau/gaiyou/2014/140715_gaiyou.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2015-09-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81+2014-2015&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hokudai.ac.jp%2Fbureau%2Fgaiyou%2F2014%2F140715_gaiyou.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214851/http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/nobel/suzuki/nobel-suzuki.html"><bdi lang="ja">鈴木章名誉教授ノーベル化学賞受賞決定</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道大学</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213006/http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/link/daigaku1.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%96%87%E9%83%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mext.go.jp%2Fb_menu%2Flink%2Fdaigaku1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/link/daigaku2.htm"><bdi lang="ja">公立大学</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">文部科学省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140915040204/http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/link/daigaku2.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-15) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%85%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%96%87%E9%83%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mext.go.jp%2Fb_menu%2Flink%2Fdaigaku2.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/link/daigaku4.htm"><bdi lang="ja">私立大学</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">文部科学省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215303/http://www.curricen2.hokkaido-c.ed.jp/houkoku/H251105/02kyokachosakekka.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%EF%BC%88%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.curricen2.hokkaido-c.ed.jp%2Fhoukoku%2FH251105%2F02kyokachosakekka.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dokyoi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hk/ksk/undou-kodomopage.htm"><bdi lang="ja">学力・体力向上運動(子ども向けページ)</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道教育委員会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213842/http://www.dokyoi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hk/ksk/undou-kodomopage.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%A6%E5%8A%9B%E3%83%BB%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%90%91%E4%B8%8A%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%EF%BC%88%E5%AD%90%E3%81%A9%E3%82%82%E5%90%91%E3%81%91%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dokyoi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fhk%2Fksk%2Fundou-kodomopage.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dokyoi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hk/gst/jireisyu.htm"><bdi lang="ja">廃校施設の活用事例集</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道教育委員会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907214726/http://www.dokyoi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hk/gst/jireisyu.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%BB%83%E6%A0%A1%E6%96%BD%E8%A8%AD%E3%81%AE%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%8B%E4%BE%8B%E9%9B%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dokyoi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fhk%2Fgst%2Fjireisyu.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asobube.com/database.cgi?dbkonum=0&dbnum=8"><bdi lang="ja">松前城・松前城資料館</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道松前藩観光奉行</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140901092059/http://www.asobube.com/database.cgi?dbnum=8&dbkonum=0">存档</a>于2014-09-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%9D%BE%E5%89%8D%E5%9F%8E%E3%83%BB%E6%9D%BE%E5%89%8D%E5%9F%8E%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E9%A4%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%9D%BE%E5%89%8D%E8%97%A9%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E5%A5%89%E8%A1%8C%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asobube.com%2Fdatabase.cgi%3Fdbkonum%3D0%26dbnum%3D8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hokkaido-esashi.jp/modules/sightseeing/content0001.html"><bdi lang="ja">江差の観光施設・観光名所</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">江差町</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811201904/http://www.hokkaido-esashi.jp/modules/sightseeing/content0001.html">存档</a>于2014-08-11) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%9F%E5%B7%AE%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E6%96%BD%E8%A8%AD%E3%83%BB%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E5%90%8D%E6%89%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%B1%9F%E5%B7%AE%E7%94%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hokkaido-esashi.jp%2Fmodules%2Fsightseeing%2Fcontent0001.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaidan-hakodate.com/koukaido/"><bdi lang="ja">旧函館区公会堂</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">函館市文化・スポーツ振興財団</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140916022758/http://www.zaidan-hakodate.com/koukaido/">存档</a>于2014-09-16) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A7%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B8%82%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E8%B2%A1%E5%9B%A3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaidan-hakodate.com%2Fkoukaido%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yakei.jp/scene/special/world-top/"><bdi lang="ja">世界三大夜景 函館・香港・ナポリ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">yakei.jp</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213609/http://yakei.jp/scene/special/world-top/">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF%E3%80%80%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E3%83%BB%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7Byakei.jp%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyakei.jp%2Fscene%2Fspecial%2Fworld-top%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/ckk/isan14.htm"><bdi lang="ja">14.「開拓使時代の洋風建築(時計台、豊平館、清華亭など)」(札幌市)</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053258/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/ckk/isan14.htm">存档</a>于2014-08-13) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=14.%E3%80%8C%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E4%BD%BF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AE%E6%B4%8B%E9%A2%A8%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%EF%BC%88%E6%99%82%E8%A8%88%E5%8F%B0%E3%80%81%E8%B1%8A%E5%B9%B3%E9%A4%A8%E3%80%81%E6%B8%85%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%AD%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A9%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8D%EF%BC%88%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fckk%2Fisan14.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213642/http://www.sapporo-park.or.jp/odori/about/"><bdi lang="ja">大通公園とは</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">公益財団法人札幌市公園緑化協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapporo-park.or.jp/odori/about/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%9A%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A%E8%B2%A1%E5%9B%A3%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%B7%91%E5%8C%96%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sapporo-park.or.jp%2Fodori%2Fabout%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.otaru.lg.jp/kankou/miru_asobu_tomaru/kankosisetu/otaruunga.html"><bdi lang="ja">小樽運河</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">小樽市</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208095610/http://www.city.otaru.lg.jp/kankou/miru_asobu_tomaru/kankosisetu/otaruunga.html">存档</a>于2015-02-08) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%8F%E6%A8%BD%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%B0%8F%E6%A8%BD%E5%B8%82%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.otaru.lg.jp%2Fkankou%2Fmiru_asobu_tomaru%2Fkankosisetu%2Fotaruunga.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/closeup/glass.php"><bdi lang="ja">ガラス工芸が盛んな小樽</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213313/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/closeup/glass.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E5%B7%A5%E8%8A%B8%E3%81%8C%E7%9B%9B%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%E5%B0%8F%E6%A8%BD&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Fcloseup%2Fglass.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niseko-ta.jp/index.php?id=398"><bdi lang="ja">「遊びたい」をとことん</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">ニセコリゾート観光協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140927202621/http://www.niseko-ta.jp/index.php?id=398">存档</a>于2014-09-27) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E9%81%8A%E3%81%B3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%82%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BE%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niseko-ta.jp%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D398&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804204751/http://www.noboribetsu-spa.jp/?page_id=1471&lang=ja">存档副本 <bdi lang="ja">観る・遊ぶ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">登別観光協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noboribetsu-spa.jp/?page_id=1471&lang=ja">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-04) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC+%E8%A6%B3%E3%82%8B%E3%83%BB%E9%81%8A%E3%81%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%99%BB%E5%88%A5%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noboribetsu-spa.jp%2F%3Fpage_id%3D1471%26lang%3Dja&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234032/http://www.laketoya.com/point/"><bdi lang="ja">洞爺湖温泉の魅力</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">洞爺湖温泉観光協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laketoya.com/point/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%B4%9E%E7%88%BA%E6%B9%96%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89%E3%81%AE%E9%AD%85%E5%8A%9B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%B4%9E%E7%88%BA%E6%B9%96%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laketoya.com%2Fpoint%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512071606/http://city.hokkai.or.jp/~kkr946/data_base.html"><bdi lang="ja">釧路湿原基礎知識</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">釧路湿原国立公園連絡協議会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://city.hokkai.or.jp/~kkr946/data_base.html">原始内容</a>存档于2015-05-12) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E6%B9%BF%E5%8E%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E6%B9%BF%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%A1%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcity.hokkai.or.jp%2F~kkr946%2Fdata_base.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marimo-web.org/japan_world.html"><bdi lang="ja">日本のマリモ・世界のマリモ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">阿寒湖のマリモ</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141203063234/http://www.marimo-web.org/japan_world.html">存档</a>于2014-12-03) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%92%E6%B9%96%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A2%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marimo-web.org%2Fjapan_world.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811145816/http://kam-kankouken.jp/tourism/masyu/special/36.html"><bdi lang="ja">世界屈指の透明度を科学する</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">釧路湿原・阿寒湖・摩周湖</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kam-kankouken.jp/tourism/masyu/special/36.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-11) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%B1%88%E6%8C%87%E3%81%AE%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%BA%A6%E3%82%92%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E6%B9%BF%E5%8E%9F%E3%83%BB%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%92%E6%B9%96%E3%83%BB%E6%91%A9%E5%91%A8%E6%B9%96%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkam-kankouken.jp%2Ftourism%2Fmasyu%2Fspecial%2F36.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903082106/http://www.nakashibetsu.jp/nakashibetsu.nsf/doc/kaiyou"><bdi lang="ja">開陽台</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">中標津町</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakashibetsu.jp/nakashibetsu.nsf/doc/kaiyou">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-03) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%96%8B%E9%99%BD%E5%8F%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%99%E6%B4%A5%E7%94%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nakashibetsu.jp%2Fnakashibetsu.nsf%2Fdoc%2Fkaiyou&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015094905/http://www.aurens.or.jp/~todowara/"><bdi lang="ja">野付半島って?</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">野付半島ネイチャーセンター</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aurens.or.jp/~todowara/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-15) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%87%8E%E4%BB%98%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%87%8E%E4%BB%98%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E3%83%8D%E3%82%A4%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aurens.or.jp%2F~todowara%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shiretoko.asia/shiretoko_trip_guide.html"><bdi lang="ja">知床旅のまめ知識</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">知床斜里町観光協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150124143207/http://www.shiretoko.asia/shiretoko_trip_guide.html">存档</a>于2015-01-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%9F%A5%E5%BA%8A%E6%97%85%E3%81%AE%E3%81%BE%E3%82%81%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%9F%A5%E5%BA%8A%E6%96%9C%E9%87%8C%E7%94%BA%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shiretoko.asia%2Fshiretoko_trip_guide.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ms-aurora.com/abashiri/about/index.html"><bdi lang="ja">冬の醍醐味 流氷観光</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">道東観光開発</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234042/http://www.ms-aurora.com/abashiri/about/index.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%86%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%86%8D%E9%86%90%E5%91%B3%E3%80%80%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B7%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%81%93%E6%9D%B1%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ms-aurora.com%2Fabashiri%2Fabout%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140326134104/http://www.utsukushii-mura.jp/history"><bdi lang="ja">連合の沿革</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">日本で最も美しい村連合</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utsukushii-mura.jp/history">原始内容</a>存档于2014-03-26) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E3%81%AE%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%A7%E6%9C%80%E3%82%82%E7%BE%8E%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E6%9D%91%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utsukushii-mura.jp%2Fhistory&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827233540/http://www5.city.asahikawa.hokkaido.jp/asahiyamazoo/"><bdi lang="ja">旭山のしせつ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">旭山動物園</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www5.city.asahikawa.hokkaido.jp/asahiyamazoo/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-27) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%97%AD%E5%B1%B1%E3%81%AE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9B%E3%81%A4&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%97%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%92%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww5.city.asahikawa.hokkaido.jp%2Fasahiyamazoo%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wakasaresort.com/asahidakeropeway/view/index.htm"><bdi lang="ja">旭岳の見どころガイド</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">大雪山旭岳ロープウェイ</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009003911/http://www.wakasaresort.com/asahidakeropeway/view/index.htm">存档</a>于2014-10-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%97%AD%E5%B2%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%A9%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%AA%E5%B1%B1%E6%97%AD%E5%B2%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwakasaresort.com%2Fasahidakeropeway%2Fview%2Findex.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150305043610/http://www.town.toyotomi.hokkaido.jp/web/PD_Cont.nsf/0/44AA04EB32EDC2A049256E17002893E2?OpenDocument"><bdi lang="ja">サロベツ湿原</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">豊富町</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.town.toyotomi.hokkaido.jp/web/PD_Cont.nsf/0/44AA04EB32EDC2A049256E17002893E2?OpenDocument">原始内容</a>存档于2015-03-05) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%84%E6%B9%BF%E5%8E%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E8%B1%8A%E5%AF%8C%E7%94%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.town.toyotomi.hokkaido.jp%2Fweb%2FPD_Cont.nsf%2F0%2F44AA04EB32EDC2A049256E17002893E2%3FOpenDocument&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.welcome.wakkanai.hokkaido.jp/sightseeing/rekishi_kankou/saihokutan/"><bdi lang="ja">日本最北端の地の碑</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">稚内観光協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702034746/http://www.welcome.wakkanai.hokkaido.jp/sightseeing/rekishi_kankou/saihokutan/">存档</a>于2014-07-02) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%80%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%AF%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E3%81%AE%E7%A2%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%A8%9A%E5%86%85%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.welcome.wakkanai.hokkaido.jp%2Fsightseeing%2Frekishi_kankou%2Fsaihokutan%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150118064341/http://kankou.rishiri.jp/rishirisann1.html"><bdi lang="ja">利尻山</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">利尻島観光案内</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kankou.rishiri.jp/rishirisann1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2015-01-18) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BB%E5%B1%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E6%A1%88%E5%86%85%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkankou.rishiri.jp%2Frishirisann1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.town.rebun.hokkaido.jp/hanazukan/"><bdi lang="ja">れぶん花図鑑</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">礼文町</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215238/http://www.town.rebun.hokkaido.jp/hanazukan/">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%82%8C%E3%81%B6%E3%82%93%E8%8A%B1%E5%9B%B3%E9%91%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E7%A4%BC%E6%96%87%E7%94%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.town.rebun.hokkaido.jp%2Fhanazukan%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.otaru.lg.jp/simin/sumai/machidukuri/temiyasen/"><bdi lang="ja">旧国鉄手宮線</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">小樽市</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150119180147/http://www.city.otaru.lg.jp/simin/sumai/machidukuri/temiyasen/">存档</a>于2015-01-19) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A7%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%84%E6%89%8B%E5%AE%AE%E7%B7%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%B0%8F%E6%A8%BD%E5%B8%82%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.otaru.lg.jp%2Fsimin%2Fsumai%2Fmachidukuri%2Ftemiyasen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/train/ship_seikan1.php"><bdi lang="ja">青函連絡船の歴史1(初期)</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907233848/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/train/ship_seikan1.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%9D%92%E5%87%BD%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%A1%E8%88%B9%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B21%28%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Ftrain%2Fship_seikan1.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jotetsu.co.jp/about/ayumi.html"><bdi lang="ja">じょうてつのあゆみ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">じょうてつ</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206082811/http://jotetsu.co.jp/about/ayumi.html">存档</a>于2015-02-06) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%81%98%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%A6%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AE%E3%81%82%E3%82%86%E3%81%BF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E3%81%98%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%A6%E3%81%A4%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jotetsu.co.jp%2Fabout%2Fayumi.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/seikan/03_02.html"><bdi lang="ja">完成後のあゆみ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">JR北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212536/http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/seikan/03_02.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E5%BE%8C%E3%81%AE%E3%81%82%E3%82%86%E3%81%BF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BJR%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jrhokkaido.co.jp%2Fseikan%2F03_02.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlit.go.jp/hakusyo/transport/shouwa61/ind000202/frame.html"><bdi lang="ja">1 国鉄改革関連法の成立と新経営形態へのスタート</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141118230835/http://www.mlit.go.jp/hakusyo/transport/shouwa61/ind000202/frame.html">存档</a>于2014-11-18) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=1%E3%80%80%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%84%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E6%B3%95%E3%81%AE%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%A8%E6%96%B0%E7%B5%8C%E5%96%B6%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlit.go.jp%2Fhakusyo%2Ftransport%2Fshouwa61%2Find000202%2Fframe.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514111537/http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/corporate/company/com_5.html"><bdi lang="ja">ネットワーク</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">JR北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/corporate/company/com_5.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-05-14) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BJR%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jrhokkaido.co.jp%2Fcorporate%2Fcompany%2Fcom_5.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014023930/http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/corporate/company/com_2.html"><bdi lang="ja">会社概要</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">JR北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/corporate/company/com_2.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-10-14) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BJR%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jrhokkaido.co.jp%2Fcorporate%2Fcompany%2Fcom_2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212843/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P29-31.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">(3) 鉄道の状況</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P29-31.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%93%EF%BC%89+%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fstk%2FP29-31.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131201011157/http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/corporate/company/com_6.html"><bdi lang="ja">各種データ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">JR北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/corporate/company/com_6.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-12-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%90%84%E7%A8%AE%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BJR%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jrhokkaido.co.jp%2Fcorporate%2Fcompany%2Fcom_6.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/train/train_kushiro_tankou.php"><bdi lang="ja">太平洋石炭販売輸送</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道ファンマガジン</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234148/http://pucchi.net/hokkaido/train/train_kushiro_tankou.php">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpucchi.net%2Fhokkaido%2Ftrain%2Ftrain_kushiro_tankou.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/docs/2014012101080/"><bdi lang="ja">函館市電のあゆみ</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">函館市</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150122172318/http://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/docs/2014012101080/">存档</a>于2015-01-22) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B8%82%E9%9B%BB%E3%81%AE%E3%81%82%E3%82%86%E3%81%BF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%87%BD%E9%A4%A8%E5%B8%82%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp%2Fdocs%2F2014012101080%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212448/http://www.city.sapporo.jp/st/subway/route_time/route_time.html"><bdi lang="ja">地下鉄路線図・時刻表</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">札幌市</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.sapporo.jp/st/subway/route_time/route_time.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%89%84%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A%E5%9B%B3%E3%83%BB%E6%99%82%E5%88%BB%E8%A1%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.sapporo.jp%2Fst%2Fsubway%2Froute_time%2Froute_time.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/press/2015/150916-3.pdf">北海道新幹線 新青森~新函館北斗間開業に伴う運行計画の概要について JR北海道,2015年9月16日。</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150916100107/http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/press/2015/150916-3.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="日語">(日語)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/skt/qanda.htm"><bdi lang="ja">北海道新幹線に関するQ&A</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215053/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/skt/qanda.htm">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%B1%EF%BC%86%EF%BC%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fskt%2Fqanda.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907234115/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/grp/discuss1_16.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道の交通の現状</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/grp/discuss1_16.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E7%8A%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fstk%2Fgrp%2Fdiscuss1_16.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-nexco.co.jp/road_info/open_schedule/hokkaido/"><bdi lang="ja">開通予定区間 > 北海道</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">NEXCO東日本</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812224206/http://www.e-nexco.co.jp/road_info/open_schedule/hokkaido/">存档</a>于2014-08-12) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%96%8B%E9%80%9A%E4%BA%88%E5%AE%9A%E5%8C%BA%E9%96%93+%3E+%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BNEXCO%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-nexco.co.jp%2Froad_info%2Fopen_schedule%2Fhokkaido%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212718/http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_doro/h26keikaku/gaiyou/02.html"><bdi lang="ja">高規格幹線道路の整備状況</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省北海道開発局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_doro/h26keikaku/gaiyou/02.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%AB%98%E8%A6%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E3%81%AE%E6%95%B4%E5%82%99%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkd.mlit.go.jp%2Fzigyoka%2Fz_doro%2Fh26keikaku%2Fgaiyou%2F02.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907233817/http://wwwtb.mlit.go.jp/hokkaido/kakusyu/toukei/suuji_unyu24/data/ryo4.xls"><bdi lang="ja">都市間バスの運行状況</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省北海道運輸局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwwtb.mlit.go.jp/hokkaido/kakusyu/toukei/suuji_unyu24/data/ryo4.xls">原始内容</a>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%96%93%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E9%81%8B%E8%A1%8C%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwwtb.mlit.go.jp%2Fhokkaido%2Fkakusyu%2Ftoukei%2Fsuuji_unyu24%2Fdata%2Fryo4.xls&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hokkaido-esashi.jp/modules/sightseeing/content0058.html"><bdi lang="ja">北前船とは</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">江差町</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213729/http://www.hokkaido-esashi.jp/modules/sightseeing/content0058.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E5%89%8D%E8%88%B9%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%B1%9F%E5%B7%AE%E7%94%BA%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hokkaido-esashi.jp%2Fmodules%2Fsightseeing%2Fcontent0058.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P03.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">道内の主な港湾の現況</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215029/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P03.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E5%86%85%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%BB%E3%81%AA%E6%B8%AF%E6%B9%BE%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fstk%2FP03.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferry-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ferry_235-0"><sup><b>235.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ferry_235-1"><sup><b>235.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907220621/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P25-28.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">①定期フェリー航路一覧</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P25-28.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E2%91%A0%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%9F%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%88%AA%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fstk%2FP25-28.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808062617/http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kowan/bayport/stat/cht2-05ranking.html"><bdi lang="ja">港湾取扱貨物の推移</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">国土交通省北海道開発局</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kowan/bayport/stat/cht2-05ranking.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-08) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%B8%AF%E6%B9%BE%E5%8F%96%E6%89%B1%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9%E3%81%AE%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E5%B1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkd.mlit.go.jp%2Fzigyoka%2Fz_kowan%2Fbayport%2Fstat%2Fcht2-05ranking.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215012/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P34.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">(5) 離島航路の状況</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P34.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%95%EF%BC%89+%E9%9B%A2%E5%B3%B6%E8%88%AA%E8%B7%AF%E3%81%AE%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fstk%2FP34.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213314/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P17-19.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">(2) 国際海上ネットワークの状況</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P17-19.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%92%EF%BC%89+%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fstk%2FP17-19.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AirNetwork-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AirNetwork_239-0"><sup><b>239.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AirNetwork_239-1"><sup><b>239.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907215038/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P20-23.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">(1) 国内航空ネットワークの状況</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P20-23.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%89+%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fstk%2FP20-23.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140829222221/http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kowan/airport/profile2014/jp/airport_kokuyuso.html"><bdi lang="ja">北海道の航空輸送</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kowan/airport/profile2014/jp/airport_kokuyuso.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkd.mlit.go.jp%2Fzigyoka%2Fz_kowan%2Fairport%2Fprofile2014%2Fjp%2Fairport_kokuyuso.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Airline-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Airline_241-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airport.tokyu-agc.co.jp/airport_1_2.html"><bdi lang="ja">路線別乗降客数一覧(平成25年統計)</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">東急エージェンシー</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213535/http://airport.tokyu-agc.co.jp/airport_1_2.html">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A%E5%88%A5%E4%B9%97%E9%99%8D%E5%AE%A2%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7%28%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9025%E5%B9%B4%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%9D%B1%E6%80%A5%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fairport.tokyu-agc.co.jp%2Fairport_1_2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723214248/http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kowan/airport/profile2014/jp/airport_donaikuko.html"><bdi lang="ja">北海道にある空港</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/zigyoka/z_kowan/airport/profile2014/jp/airport_donaikuko.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-07-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AB%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkd.mlit.go.jp%2Fzigyoka%2Fz_kowan%2Fairport%2Fprofile2014%2Fjp%2Fairport_donaikuko.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P02.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">1道内の主な空港の現況</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213140/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P02.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%91%E9%81%93%E5%86%85%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%BB%E3%81%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fstk%2FP02.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213053/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P13-16.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">(1) 国際航空ネットワークの状況</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/stk/P13-16.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%89+%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fstk%2FP13-16.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Airport-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Airport_245-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/kkk/kentoukaigi1-datasyu.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">北海道の航空の状況(データ集)</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span lang="ja">北海道</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-02-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200401191624/http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/kkk/kentoukaigi1-datasyu.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2020-04-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81%EF%BC%88%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E9%9B%86%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp%2Fss%2Fkkk%2Fkentoukaigi1-datasyu.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airdo.jp/timetable/"><bdi lang="ja">時刻表</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">AIRDO</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907212922/http://www.airdo.jp/timetable/">存档</a>于2014-09-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%99%82%E5%88%BB%E8%A1%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7BAIRDO%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airdo.jp%2Ftimetable%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.info.hac-air.co.jp/diagram/"><bdi lang="ja">路線・時刻表</bdi></a>. <span lang="ja">北海道エアシステム</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-09-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141024071759/http://www.info.hac-air.co.jp/diagram/">存档</a>于2014-10-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A%E3%83%BB%E6%99%82%E5%88%BB%E8%A1%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.info.hac-air.co.jp%2Fdiagram%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节:来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>日文書籍</dt></dl> <ul><li><span lang="ja">山下克彦・平川一臣. (2011). 《日本の地誌3 北海道》. 東京都: 朝倉書店. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-254-16763-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-254-16763-4">978-4-254-16763-4</a>.</span></li> <li><span lang="ja">小疇尚・野上道男・小野有五・平川一臣. (2003). 《日本の地形2 北海道》. 東京都: 東京大学出版会. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-13-064712-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-13-064712-0">978-4-13-064712-0</a>.</span></li> <li><span lang="ja">田端宏・桑原真人・船津功・関口明. (2003). 《北海道の歴史》. 東京都: 山川出版社. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-634-32011-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-634-32011-6">978-4-634-32011-6</a>.</span></li> <li><span lang="ja">大庭幸生・永井秀夫. (1999). 《北海道の百年》. 東京都: 山川出版社. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-634-27010-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-634-27010-7">978-4-634-27010-7</a>.</span></li> <li><span lang="ja">永井秀夫. (2007). 《日本の近代化と北海道》. 札幌市: 北海道大学出版会. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-8329-6679-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-8329-6679-6">978-4-8329-6679-6</a>.</span></li> <li><span lang="ja">平山輝男.(1997). 《北海道のことば (日本のことばシリーズ)》. 東京都: 明治書院. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-625-52201-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-625-52201-7">978-4-625-52201-7</a>.</span></li> <li><span lang="ja">札幌学院大学北海道の魅力向上プロジェクト. (2012). 《大学的北海道ガイド―こだわりの歩き方》. 京都市: 昭和堂. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-8122-1241-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-8122-1241-7">978-4-8122-1241-7</a>.</span></li> <li><span lang="ja">矢島睿.(2012). 《懐かしの北海道鉄道の旅 明治・大正・昭和期》. 札幌市: 中西出版. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-89115-269-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-89115-269-7">978-4-89115-269-7</a>.</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节:外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源:<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hokkaido" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hokkaido"><span style="font-weight:bold;">北海道</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/">官方网站</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/PrefHokkaido">北海道的X(前Twitter)帳戶</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visit-hokkaido.jp/">北海道觀光振興機構</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220601002047/https://www.visit-hokkaido.jp/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AE" title="道央">道央</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#fcfcfc;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%9F%A5%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="空知綜合振興局">空知綜合振興局</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%8B%A9%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="石狩振興局">石狩振興局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="後志綜合振興局">後志綜合振興局</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#efefef;text-align:center;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日膽" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日胆"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%86%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日膽(页面不存在)">日膽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%83%86" class="extiw" title="ja:日胆"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日胆</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E6%8C%AF%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="膽振綜合振興局">膽振綜合振興局</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%AB%98%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="日高振興局">日高振興局</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#efefef;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8D%97" title="道南">道南</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#fcfcfc;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E5%B3%B6%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="渡島綜合振興局">渡島綜合振興局</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%9C%E5%B1%B1%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="檜山振興局">檜山振興局</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#efefef;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8C%97_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="道北 (日本)">道北</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="上川綜合振興局">上川綜合振興局</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E8%90%8C%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="留萌振興局">留萌振興局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%B0%B7%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="宗谷綜合振興局">宗谷綜合振興局</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#efefef;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%9D%B1" title="道東">道東</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#fcfcfc;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="鄂霍次克綜合振興局">鄂霍次克綜合振興局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%8B%9D%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="十勝綜合振興局">十勝綜合振興局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A7%E8%B7%AF%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="釧路綜合振興局">釧路綜合振興局</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%AE%A4%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%B1%80" title="根室振興局">根室振興局</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="日本地理區劃" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="Template:日本地理區劃"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="Template talk:日本地理區劃"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:日本地理區劃"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="日本地理區劃" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="日本地理分区">日本地理區劃</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="北日本">北日本</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="北海道地方" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">北海道地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8C%97_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="道北 (日本)">道北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%9D%B1" title="道東">道東</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AE" title="道央">道央</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%8D%97" title="道南">道南</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B2%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="南千岛群岛">南千岛群岛</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="南千島群島爭議">爭議</a>)</i><sup>註1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="東日本">東日本</a><br />(狹義)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="东北地方">东北地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97" title="北東北">北東北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97" title="南東北">南東北</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="關東地方">關東地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1" title="北關東">北關東</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1" title="南關東">南關東</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東京地方" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="東京地方"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東京地方(页面不存在)">東京</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:東京地方"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">東京地方</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%B1%86%E8%AF%B8%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="伊豆诸岛">伊豆諸島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AC%A0%E5%8E%9F%E8%AF%B8%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="小笠原诸岛">小笠原諸島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="中日本">中日本</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="中部地方">中部地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="北陸地方">北陸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E4%BF%A1%E8%B6%8A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="甲信越地方">甲信越</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BF%A1%E8%B6%8A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="北信越地方">北信越</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="東山地方">東山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="東海地方">東海</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="近畿地方">近畿地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF" title="北近畿">北近畿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%98%AA%E7%A5%9E" title="京阪神">京阪神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%BF%E5%86%85" class="mw-redirect" title="畿内">畿内</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="紀伊半島">南近畿</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="西日本">西日本</a><br />(狹義)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="中国地方">中国地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%99%B0%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="山陰地方">山陰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="山陽地方">山陽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%A8%E6%88%B6%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="瀨戶內地方">瀨戶內</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="四國">四國地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="北四國">北四國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="南四國">南四國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="四國">西四國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="四國">東四國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%A8%E6%88%B6%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="瀨戶內地方">瀨戶內</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="南日本">南日本</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E" title="北部九州">北九州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E" title="東九州">東九州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E" title="中九州">中九州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E" title="西九州">西九州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E" title="南九州">南九州</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="琉球群岛">西南群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="薩南群島">薩南群島</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9A%85%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="大隅群島">大隅群島</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="奄美地方">奄美</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E5%99%B6%E5%96%87%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="吐噶喇群島">吐噶喇群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%84%E7%BE%8E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="奄美群島">奄美群島</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="沖繩縣">沖繩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="沖繩群島">沖繩群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="大東群島">大東群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="先島群島">先島群島</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="宮古群島">宮古群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%87%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="八重山群島">八重山群島</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A3%E9%AD%9A%E8%87%BA%E5%88%97%E5%B6%BC" title="釣魚臺列嶼">尖閣群島</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A3%E9%AD%9A%E8%87%BA%E5%88%97%E5%B6%BC%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="釣魚臺列嶼主權問題">争议</a>)</i><sup>註2</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>註1:南千島群島為日俄爭議領土,現為俄羅斯實際控制。<br />註2:現為日本實際控制,中國大陸及台灣均宣稱對其擁有主權並稱其為釣魚臺列嶼。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="日本行政區劃" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="Template:日本都道府縣"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="Template talk:日本都道府縣"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:日本都道府縣"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="日本行政區劃" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="日本行政區劃">日本行政區劃</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>47<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="都道府縣">都道府縣</a> <ul><li>1<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都">都</a></li> <li>1<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)" title="道 (行政区划)">道</a></li> <li>2<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9C_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)" title="府 (行政区划)">府</a></li> <li>43<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF" title="县">县</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #FF8585"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">北海道地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">北海道</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本行政區劃"><img alt="日本行政區劃" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg/200px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg/300px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg/400px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="743" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #FFFB91"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="东北地方">东北地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E7%B8%A3" title="青森縣">青森縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%89%8B%E5%8E%BF" title="岩手县">岩手县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="宮城縣">宮城縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E7%94%B0%E5%8E%BF" title="秋田县">秋田县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%BD%A2%E5%8E%BF" title="山形县">山形县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%9B%E5%8E%BF" title="福岛县">福岛县</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #79FF76"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="關東地方">關東地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="茨城縣">茨城縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%83%E6%9C%A8%E7%B8%A3" title="栃木縣">栃木縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%AC%E7%B8%A3" title="群馬縣">群馬縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BC%E7%8E%89%E7%B8%A3" title="埼玉縣">埼玉縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E7%B8%A3" title="千葉縣">千葉縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都">東京都</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%A3" title="神奈川縣">神奈川縣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #8BFFE8"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="中部地方">中部地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E5%8E%BF" title="新潟县">新潟县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" title="富山縣">富山縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%A3" title="石川縣">石川縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E4%BA%95%E7%B8%A3" title="福井縣">福井縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%A2%A8%E5%8E%BF" title="山梨县">山梨县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E9%87%8E%E5%8E%BF" title="长野县">长野县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E5%8E%BF" title="岐阜县">岐阜县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E5%B2%A1%E7%B8%A3" title="靜岡縣">靜岡縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%9F%A5%E7%B8%A3" title="愛知縣">愛知縣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #7272FF"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="近畿地方">近畿地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%87%8D%E5%8E%BF" title="三重县">三重县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%8B%E8%B4%BA%E5%8E%BF" title="滋贺县">滋贺县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%9C" title="京都府">京都府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%BA%9C" title="大阪府">大阪府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E5%BA%93%E5%8E%BF" title="兵库县">兵库县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%8E%BF" title="奈良县">奈良县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="和歌山县">和歌山县</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #FF9148"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="中国地方">中国地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E5%8F%96%E7%B8%A3" title="鳥取縣">鳥取縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%9B%E6%A0%B9%E5%8E%BF" title="岛根县">岛根县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A1%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" title="岡山縣">岡山縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" title="廣島縣">廣島縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3%E5%8E%BF" title="山口县">山口县</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #D16EFF"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="四國">四國地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B2%9B%E5%8E%BF" title="德岛县">德岛县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%B7%9D%E5%8E%BF" title="香川县">香川县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%AA%9B%E5%8E%BF" title="爱媛县">爱媛县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9F%A5%E5%8E%BF" title="高知县">高知县</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #C5C5C5"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州<b><span style="text-align: center; text-indent:0; display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;">·</span></b>沖繩地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%86%88%E5%8E%BF" title="福冈县">福冈县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%B4%BA%E5%8E%BF" title="佐贺县">佐贺县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%B4%8E%E5%8E%BF" title="长崎县">长崎县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%9C%AC%E7%B8%A3" title="熊本縣">熊本縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF" title="大分县">大分县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%B4%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="宮崎縣">宮崎縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E5%84%BF%E5%B2%9B%E5%8E%BF" title="鹿儿岛县">鹿儿岛县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="沖繩縣">沖繩縣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>參見:{{<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="Template:日本都道府縣行政區劃">日本都道府縣行政區劃</a>}}</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="太平洋岛屿" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC" title="Template:太平洋島嶼"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC" title="Template talk:太平洋島嶼"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:太平洋島嶼"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="太平洋岛屿" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC" title="島嶼">岛屿</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">北太平洋</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%95%99%E7%94%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="阿留申群島">阿留申群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0)" title="福克斯群島 (阿拉斯加)">福克斯群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="四山群島">四山群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9E%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="安德烈亞諾夫群島">安德烈亞諾夫群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="拉特群島">拉特群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="尼爾群島">尼爾群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%BC%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="科曼多尔群岛">科曼多尔群岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="千島群島">千島群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%83%E5%B2%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="大千岛群岛">大千岛群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%8D%83%E5%B2%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="小千岛群岛">小千岛群岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">其他島嶼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E9%A1%B5%E5%B2%9B" title="库页岛">库页岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B6%85%E9%BE%8D%E5%B3%B6" title="莫涅龍島">莫涅龍島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="尚塔尔群岛">尚塔尔群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%B3%B6" title="約翰島">約翰島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B3%B6" title="卡拉金斯克島">卡拉金斯克島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E5%9C%96%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%E5%B3%B6" title="韋爾霍圖羅夫島">韋爾霍圖羅夫島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E8%BD%A6%E8%87%A3%E5%B2%9B" title="阿拉卡姆车臣岛">阿拉卡姆车臣岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6" title="伊特格蘭島">伊特格蘭島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%8B%9E%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="聖勞倫斯島">聖勞倫斯島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A7%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="迪奧米德群島">迪奧米德群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E4%BF%AE%E5%B3%B6" title="聖馬修島">聖馬修島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E6%AF%94%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="普里比洛夫群岛">普里比洛夫群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B2%9B_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E)" title="金岛 (阿拉斯加州)">金島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%BC%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%B2%9B" title="努尼瓦克岛">努尼瓦克岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯圖爾特島 (阿拉斯加州)">斯圖爾特島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%82%81%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E5%B3%B6" title="聖邁克爾島">聖邁克爾島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%9A%E6%B4%9B%E5%B2%9B" title="贝斯博洛岛">贝斯博洛岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%94%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="巴甫洛夫群島">巴甫洛夫群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%91%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="舒馬金群島">舒馬金群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%B1%B3%E8%BF%AA%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="塞米迪群島">塞米迪群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E5%B3%B6" title="奇里科夫島">奇里科夫島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="科迪亞克群島">科迪亞克群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="奧古斯丁火山">奧古斯丁島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91%E5%B2%9B" title="卡尔金岛">卡尔金岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%A1%94%E5%8F%A4%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E)" title="蒙塔古島 (阿拉斯加州)">蒙塔古島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A3%E6%AC%BD%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E)" title="欣欽布魯克島 (阿拉斯加州)">欣欽布魯克島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="亚历山大群岛">亚历山大群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%BE%E7%93%9C%E4%BE%9D" title="海达瓜依">海达瓜依</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鄧達斯群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dundas Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%84%A7%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鄧達斯群島(页面不存在)">鄧達斯群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundas_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:Dundas Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dundas Islands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B9%E5%B3%B6" title="波徹島">波徹島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7)" title="皮特島 (加拿大)">皮特島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%8D%91%E8%A9%A9%E7%9C%81)" title="班克斯島 (卑詩省)">班克斯島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9F%8F%E7%AB%8B%E5%B3%B6" title="和克斯柏立島">和克斯柏立島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="大公主島">大公主島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%8D%91%E8%A9%A9%E7%9C%81)" title="金島 (卑詩省)">金島</a>(國王島)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%93%A5%E8%8F%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="溫哥華島">溫哥華島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="发现群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Discovery Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="发现群岛">发现群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:Discovery Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Discovery Islands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海湾群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gulf Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%A3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="海灣群島">海湾群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:Gulf Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gulf Islands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="聖胡安群島">聖胡安群島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西太平洋</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">西北太平洋主要群島<br />(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%9B%E9%93%BE" title="岛链">東亞島弧</a>中段)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="日本列島">日本列島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="本州">本州</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="四國">四國</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">北海道</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%91%E5%B3%B6%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="甑島列島">甑島列島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%8D%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="天草群島">天草群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E5%A5%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="男女群島">男女群島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肥前鳥島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="鳥島 (長崎県)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%A5%E5%89%8D%E9%B3%A5%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肥前鳥島(页面不存在)">肥前鳥島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:鳥島 (長崎県)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">鳥島 (長崎県)</span></a></span>)</span></span>(群島)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%B3%B6%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="五島列島">五島列島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E5%B3%B6_(%E8%A5%BF%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92)" title="九十九島 (西海國立公園)">九十九島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%B6%E5%B3%B6" title="平戶島">平戶島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%9C%88%E5%B3%B6" title="生月島">生月島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="度島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="度島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%A6%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="度島(页面不存在)">度島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%A6%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:度島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">度島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="的山大島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="的山大島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%84%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="的山大島(页面不存在)">的山大島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%84%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:的山大島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">的山大島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E9%A9%AC" title="对马">对马岛</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B9%E5%B2%90%E5%B3%B6" title="壹岐島">壹岐群島</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B7%B9%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E7%B8%A3)" title="鷹島 (長崎縣)">鷹島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="福島 (長崎縣)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="福島 (長崎県)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E7%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="福島 (長崎縣)(页面不存在)">福島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:福島 (長崎県)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">福島 (長崎県)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玄海群島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="玄海諸島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%B5%B7%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玄海群島(页面不存在)">玄海群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%B5%B7%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:玄海諸島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">玄海諸島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彥島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="彦島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A5%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彥島(页面不存在)">彥島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A6%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:彦島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">彦島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%96%E6%B5%81%E5%B3%B6" title="巖流島">巖流島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%B6" title="青海島">青海島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="見島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="見島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%8B%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="見島(页面不存在)">見島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:見島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">見島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E5%B2%90%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="隱岐群島">隱岐群島</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A0%B9%E5%B3%B6" title="大根島">大根島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E7%99%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="能登島">能登島</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E6%B8%A1%E5%B2%9B" title="佐渡岛">佐渡岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E5%B3%B6_(%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E7%B8%A3)" title="粟島 (新潟縣)">粟島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E5%B3%B6" title="飛島">飛島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E5%B3%B6%E5%B0%8F%E5%B3%B6" title="渡島小島">渡島小島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6" title="渡島大島">渡島大島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="奧尻島">奧尻島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%B3%A3%E5%B3%B6" title="天賣島">天賣島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%92%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="燒尻島">燒尻島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BB%E5%B3%B6" title="利尻島">利尻島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%96%87%E5%B3%B6" title="禮文島">禮文島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%A9%A2%E5%B3%B6_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="海驢島 (日本)">海驢島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="春國岱" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="春国岱"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%B2%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="春國岱(页面不存在)">春國岱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E5%9B%BD%E5%B2%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:春国岱"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">春国岱</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%B5%9C%E5%B1%85%E5%B3%B6" title="小鵜居島">小鵜居島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B5%9C%E5%B1%85%E5%B3%B6" title="鵜居島">鵜居島</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%AF%E6%B2%B8%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湯沸島(页面不存在)">湯沸島</a>(霧多布島)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B6%AE%E6%9A%AE%E6%AD%B8%E5%B3%B6" title="嶮暮歸島">嶮暮歸島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BB%91%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%8E%9A%E5%B2%B8%E7%94%BA)" title="大黑島 (厚岸町)">大黑島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3%E6%B0%A3%E4%BB%99%E6%B2%BC%E5%B8%82)" title="大島 (宮城縣氣仙沼市)">氣仙沼大島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="出島 (宮城縣)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="出島 (宮城県)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BA%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="出島 (宮城縣)(页面不存在)">出島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:出島 (宮城県)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">出島 (宮城県)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="江島 (宮城縣)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="江島 (宮城県)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江島 (宮城縣)(页面不存在)">陸前江島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:江島 (宮城県)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">江島 (宮城県)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金華山(宮城縣)" data-lang-code="jp" data-lang-name="" data-foreign-title="金華山(宮城県)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E8%8F%AF%E5%B1%B1(%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金華山(宮城縣)(页面不存在)">金華山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang"></span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%8F%AF%E5%B1%B1(%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="jp:金華山(宮城県)"><span lang="jp" dir="auto">金華山(宮城県)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="網地島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aji Island"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="網地島(页面不存在)">網地島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aji_Island" class="extiw" title="en:Aji Island"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aji Island</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%B2%9B" title="田代岛">田代岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B3%B6" title="松島">松島</a>(群島)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E4%B9%8B%E5%B3%B6" title="江之島">江之島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E5%B3%B6" title="初島">初島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%B1%86%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="伊豆群島">伊豆群島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="淡島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="淡島 (沼津市)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%A1%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淡島(页面不存在)">淡島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E5%B3%B6_(%E6%B2%BC%E6%B4%A5%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="ja:淡島 (沼津市)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">淡島 (沼津市)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神島 (三重縣)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kami-shima"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%B3%B6_(%E4%B8%89%E9%87%8D%E7%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神島 (三重縣)(页面不存在)">神島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kami-shima" class="extiw" title="en:Kami-shima"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kami-shima</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三河大島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="三河大島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三河大島(页面不存在)">三河大島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:三河大島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">三河大島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E7%9F%A5%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛知三島(页面不存在)">愛知三島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="答志島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tōshijima"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%94%E5%BF%97%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="答志島(页面不存在)">答志島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dshijima" class="extiw" title="en:Tōshijima"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tōshijima</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%85%E5%B3%B6" title="菅島">菅島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="坂手島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sakatejima"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%82%E6%89%8B%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坂手島(页面不存在)">坂手島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakatejima" class="extiw" title="en:Sakatejima"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sakatejima</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%97%E6%91%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="志摩諸島(页面不存在)">志摩諸島</a>(含<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="賢島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kashiko Island"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%A2%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="賢島(页面不存在)">賢島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashiko_Island" class="extiw" title="en:Kashiko Island"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kashiko Island</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="間崎島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="間崎島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%93%E5%B4%8E%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="間崎島(页面不存在)">間崎島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%93%E5%B4%8E%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:間崎島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">間崎島</span></a></span>)</span></span>等)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鈴島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="鈴島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%88%B4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鈴島(页面不存在)">鈴島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%88%B4%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:鈴島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">鈴島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6" title="紀伊大島">紀伊大島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="沼島">沼島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8B%E5%B3%B6" title="友島">友島</a>(群島)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E8%B7%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="淡路島">淡路島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="家島群島">家島群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B1%86%E5%B3%B6" title="小豆島">小豆島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="直島群島">直島群島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鹽飽群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shiwaku Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B9%BD%E9%A3%BD%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鹽飽群島(页面不存在)">鹽飽群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiwaku_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:Shiwaku Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shiwaku Islands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="笠岡群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kasaoka Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%A0%E5%B2%A1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="笠岡群島(页面不存在)">笠岡群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaoka_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:Kasaoka Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kasaoka Islands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E4%BA%88%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="藝予群島">藝予群島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="防予群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bōyo Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B2%E4%BA%88%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="防予群島(页面不存在)">防予群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Dyo_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:Bōyo Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bōyo Islands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="笠戶島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="笠戸島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%A0%E6%88%B6%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="笠戶島(页面不存在)">笠戶島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%A0%E6%88%B8%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:笠戸島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">笠戸島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑髮島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="黒髪島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%AB%AE%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑髮島(页面不存在)">黑髮島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E9%AB%AA%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:黒髪島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">黒髪島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大津島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="大津島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%A5%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大津島(页面不存在)">大津島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%A5%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:大津島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">大津島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="向島 (佐賀縣)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="向島 (佐賀県)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%91%E5%B3%B6_(%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80%E7%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="向島 (佐賀縣)(页面不存在)">向島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%91%E5%B3%B6_(%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:向島 (佐賀県)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">向島 (佐賀県)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大津島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="大津島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%A5%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大津島(页面不存在)">大津島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%A5%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:大津島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">大津島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="姫島 (大分縣)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="姫島 (大分県)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%AB%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E7%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姫島 (大分縣)(页面不存在)">姫島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%AB%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:姫島 (大分県)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">姫島 (大分県)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日振島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日振島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%8C%AF%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日振島(页面不存在)">日振島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%8C%AF%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:日振島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日振島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戶島 (愛媛縣)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="戸島 (愛媛県)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B6%E5%B3%B6_(%E6%84%9B%E5%AA%9B%E7%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戶島 (愛媛縣)(页面不存在)">戶島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B8%E5%B3%B6_(%E6%84%9B%E5%AA%9B%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:戸島 (愛媛県)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">戸島 (愛媛県)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保戶島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="保戸島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E6%88%B6%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保戶島(页面不存在)">保戶島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%88%B8%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:保戸島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">保戸島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大入島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="大入島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A5%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大入島(页面不存在)">大入島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A5%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:大入島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">大入島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戶島 (愛媛縣)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="戸島 (愛媛県)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B6%E5%B3%B6_(%E6%84%9B%E5%AA%9B%E7%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戶島 (愛媛縣)(页面不存在)">戶島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B8%E5%B3%B6_(%E6%84%9B%E5%AA%9B%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:戸島 (愛媛県)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">戸島 (愛媛県)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊島 (阿南市)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="伊島 (阿南市)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊島 (阿南市)(页面不存在)">伊島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="ja:伊島 (阿南市)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">伊島 (阿南市)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="出羽島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="出羽島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BA%E7%BE%BD%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="出羽島(页面不存在)">出羽島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%BE%BD%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:出羽島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">出羽島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沖之島 (高知縣)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="沖の島 (高知県)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%AB%98%E7%9F%A5%E7%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沖之島 (高知縣)(页面不存在)">沖之島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E3%81%AE%E5%B3%B6_(%E9%AB%98%E7%9F%A5%E7%9C%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:沖の島 (高知県)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">沖の島 (高知県)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="島浦島" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="島浦島"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B6%E6%B5%A6%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="島浦島(页面不存在)">島浦島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E6%B5%A6%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:島浦島"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">島浦島</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9A%85%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="大隅群島">大隅群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E5%99%B6%E5%96%87%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="吐噶喇群島">吐噶喇群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AC%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="小笠原群岛">小笠原群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%B8%9F%E5%B2%9B" title="南鸟岛">南鸟岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E4%B9%8B%E9%B8%9F%E5%B2%9B" title="冲之鸟岛">沖之鳥島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="琉球群岛">琉球群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%84%E7%BE%8E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="奄美群島">奄美群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="沖繩群島">沖繩群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="宮古群島">宮古群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%87%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="八重山群島">八重山群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="大東群島">大東群島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中華民國臺灣地區島嶼列表">臺澎群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣本島</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="澎湖群島">澎湖群島</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A3%E9%AD%9A%E8%87%BA%E5%88%97%E5%B6%BC" title="釣魚臺列嶼">钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%B6" title="北方三島">北方三島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%9A%86%E5%B6%BC" title="基隆嶼">基隆嶼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%B3%B6" title="和平島">和平島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9C%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B6" title="龜山島">龜山島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%9A%E5%8D%9C%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6" title="奚卜蘭島">獅球嶼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%99%E5%8F%B0" title="三仙台">三仙台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E5%B3%B6%E9%84%89" title="綠島鄉">綠島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E5%B6%BC" title="蘭嶼">蘭嶼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%98%AD%E5%B6%BC" title="小蘭嶼">小蘭嶼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%9F%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%B0%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%83%E5%8D%80" title="臺南市第五期市地重劃區">安平島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E5%85%89%E9%87%8C_(%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82)" title="漁光里 (臺南市)">漁光島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97%E6%B4%A5%E5%8D%80" title="旗津區">旗津島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%B6%BC" title="琉球嶼">小琉球</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">西北太平洋其他<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC" title="島嶼">島</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%81" title="礁">礁</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">屬<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E7%94%AB%E6%A0%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%A9%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="葉甫根尼婭皇后群島">葉甫根尼婭皇后群島</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%9F%AF%E8%96%A9%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里姆斯基柯薩科夫群島(页面不存在)">里姆斯基柯薩科夫群島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鮮半島島嶼(页面不存在)">朝鮮半島島嶼</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">朝鮮<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="黃海">西海</a>岸</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%A8%E7%B6%A0%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="鴨綠江">鴨綠江</a>口諸島(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%8C%96%E5%B2%9B" title="威化岛">威化島</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%96%AA%E5%B2%9B" title="薪岛">薪島</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%8B%E7%B7%9E%E5%B3%B6" title="緋緞島">緋緞島</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%9D%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="黃金坪">黃金坪</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E5%9F%8E%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="盘城列岛">盤城列島</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%AB%E5%BC%A5%E5%B2%9B" title="身弥岛">身彌島</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%B5%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="椵島">椵島</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛里島(页面不存在)">牛里島</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E5%B3%B6" title="大和島">大和島</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="椒島" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="초도 (서해)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%92%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="椒島(页面不存在)">椒島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EB%8F%84_(%EC%84%9C%ED%95%B4)" class="extiw" title="ko:초도 (서해)"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">초도 (서해)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">韓國<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="黃海">西海</a>岸</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%94%E5%B2%9B" title="西海五岛">西海五岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%8F%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="江華島">江華島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%97%E5%B2%9B" title="永宗岛">永宗島</a></li> <li>德積群島(<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%9B" title="德积岛">德積島</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E5%85%B4%E5%B2%9B" title="灵兴岛">靈興島</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%97%E9%A3%9E%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="格列飞列岛">格列飛列島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%9C%A0%E5%B3%B6" title="安眠島">安眠島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%85%99%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="外煙列島">外煙列島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="古群山群島">古群山群島</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E9%81%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="仙遊島">仙遊島</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%9D%B1%E6%B3%A2%E5%B3%B6" title="十二東波島">十二東波島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%9F%E5%B3%B6" title="蝟島">蝟島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="加沙群島">加沙群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%89%E9%83%A1_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" title="新安郡 (韓國)">新安</a></li> <li>黑山群島(<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B6" title="黑山島">黑山島</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%B2%9B_(%E5%85%A8%E7%BD%97%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93)" title="红岛 (全罗南道)">紅島</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">韓國<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="東中國海">南海</a>岸</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E5%B2%9B" title="珍岛">珍岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%9E%E5%B3%B6%E9%83%A1" title="莞島郡">莞島</a></li> <li>所安群島(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="所安島" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="소안도"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%80%E5%AE%89%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="所安島(页面不存在)">所安島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%95%88%EB%8F%84" class="extiw" title="ko:소안도"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">소안도</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盧花島" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="노화읍"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%A7%E8%8A%B1%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盧花島(页面不存在)">盧花島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%ED%99%94%EC%9D%8D" class="extiw" title="ko:노화읍"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">노화읍</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="甫吉島" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="보길도"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%AB%E5%90%89%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甫吉島(页面不存在)">甫吉島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B8%EB%8F%84" class="extiw" title="ko:보길도"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">보길도</span></a></span>)</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="楸子群岛">楸子群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%83%A1_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" title="南海郡 (韓國)">南海島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B2%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="闲山岛">閒山島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E6%B5%8E%E5%B2%9B" title="巨济岛">巨济岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="济州特别自治道">濟州</a>周邊</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%B7%9E%E5%B2%9B" title="济州岛">济州岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%A2%E5%B2%9B" title="加波岛">加波岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BD%97%E5%B2%9B" title="马罗岛">马罗岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%B1%E9%99%B5%E5%B3%B6" title="鬱陵島">鬱陵島</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E5%B3%B6" title="獨島">獨島</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B2%A9%E7%A4%81" title="苏岩礁">苏岩礁</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A5%E5%8C%97%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF" title="长江口以北的中国岛屿">中國北方諸島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="長山群島">長山群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%95%BF%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="大长山岛">大</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%95%BF%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="小长山岛">小</a>長山島</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E9%B9%BF%E5%B2%9B" title="广鹿岛">廣鹿島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%B2%9B" title="海洋岛">海洋島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%90%E5%AD%90%E5%B2%9B" title="獐子岛">獐子島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%9F%8E%E5%B2%9B" title="石城岛">石城島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%B2%9B" title="大王家岛">大王家島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="山東省">山東</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="廟島群島" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%99%E5%B2%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="庙岛群岛">廟島群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%95%BF%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="南长山岛">南</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%95%BF%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="北长山岛">北</a>長山島</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="大黑山岛">大</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="小黑山岛">小</a>黑山島</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%A3%E7%9F%B6%E5%B2%9B" title="砣矶岛">砣磯島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%AB%B9%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="大竹山岛">大</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AB%B9%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="小竹山島">小</a>竹山島</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%92%A6%E5%B2%9B" title="大钦岛">大</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%92%A6%E5%B2%9B" title="小钦岛">小</a>欽島</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9A%8D%E5%9F%8E%E5%B2%9B" title="南隍城岛">南</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9A%8D%E5%9F%8E%E5%B2%9B" title="北隍城岛">北</a>隍城島</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B4%86%E5%B3%92%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="崆峒列島(页面不存在)">崆峒列島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%BB%E9%A9%AC%E5%B2%9B" title="养马岛">養馬島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%85%AC%E5%B2%9B" title="刘公岛">劉公島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E6%A9%AB%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="田橫島">田橫島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="灵山岛">靈山島</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E5%8F%A3" title="长江口">長江口</a>島嶼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E6%98%8E%E5%B2%9B" title="崇明岛">崇明岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%88%88%E5%B3%B6_(%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7)" class="mw-redirect" title="長興島 (上海)">長興島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E6%B2%99%E5%B2%9B" title="横沙岛">橫沙島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E6%AE%B5%E6%B2%99" title="九段沙">九段沙</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>遼寧<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="菊花岛">菊花島</a></li> <li>河北<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%A6%83%E7%94%B8" title="曹妃甸">曹妃甸</a></li> <li>山東江蘇爭議<i><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%89%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="前三岛">前三島</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="浙江岛屿">浙江島嶼</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9F%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="舟山群岛">舟山群岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="舟山島">舟山島</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%99%80%E5%B1%B1" title="普陀山">普陀山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%A1%98%E5%B2%9B" title="金塘岛">金塘島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%AE%B6%E5%B0%96%E5%B2%9B" title="朱家尖岛">朱家尖島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%83%E8%8A%B1%E5%B3%B6" title="桃花島">桃花島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%BE%E5%B3%99%E5%B2%9B" title="虾峙岛">蝦峙島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%A8%AA%E5%B2%9B" title="六横岛">六橫島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%A1%97%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="中街山列岛">中街山列島</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="岱山县">岱山</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="岱山島">岱山島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A2%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="衢山岛">衢山島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B6%82%E9%95%87" title="长涂镇">長塗諸島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%80%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="秀山岛">秀山島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B5%8A%E6%B3%97" class="mw-redirect" title="嵊泗">嵊泗</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="马鞍列岛">馬鞍列島</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%97%E7%A4%81%E5%B1%B1%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泗礁山諸島(页面不存在)">泗礁山諸島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%8E%E5%B2%96%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="崎岖列岛">崎嶇列島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A7%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="寧波">寧波</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A6%AD%E5%B2%9B" title="大榭岛">大榭島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="梅山岛">梅山島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="韭山列岛">韭山列島</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E6%8B%9B%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半招列島(页面不存在)">半招列島</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%80%E5%A4%B4%E5%B1%B1" title="檀头山">檀頭山</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%94%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="南田岛">南田</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%A1%98%E5%B2%9B" title="高塘岛">高塘島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%94%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="渔山列岛">漁山列島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="台州">台州</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%9F%B6%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="东矶列岛">東磯列島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B7%9E%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="台州列岛">台州列島</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B1%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="一江山島">一江山島</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%88%E5%B2%9B" title="大陈岛">大陳島</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E9%96%80%E9%8E%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="松門鎮">松門</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%8E%AF%E5%B8%82" title="玉环市">玉環</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A1%E5%B1%B1%E4%B9%A1" title="鸡山乡">雞山</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B1%B1%E4%B9%A1" title="海山乡">海山(玉環)</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="溫州">溫州</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="洞头">洞頭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E6%98%86%E5%B2%9B" title="灵昆岛">靈昆島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%97%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="大北列岛">大北列島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BA%82%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="北麂列岛">北麂列島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%BA%82%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" title="南麂列岛">南麂列島</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="七星列岛">七星列島</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="福建岛屿">福建島嶼</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="宁德">寧德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="福州">福州</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B5%9B%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="大嵛山">大嵛山</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%96%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="馬祖列島">馬祖列島</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%85%E5%B2%90%E5%B2%9B" title="琅岐岛">琅岐島</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%8A%AC%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="白犬列島">白犬列島</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9D%9B%E5%B2%9B" title="海坛岛">海壇島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%98%B4%E9%95%87" title="江阴镇">江陰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">屬<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E7%94%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="莆田">莆田</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%97%A5%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南日島">南日島</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%9D%B5%E9%84%89" title="烏坵鄉">烏坵</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%84%E6%B4%B2%E5%B2%9B" title="湄洲岛">湄洲島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" title="泉州府">泉</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" title="漳州府">漳</a>二府</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="廈門島">廈門島</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="金門島">金門島</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%88%E5%B6%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="烈嶼">烈嶼</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%93%E6%B5%AA%E5%B6%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鼓浪嶼">鼓浪嶼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B6%9D%E5%B2%9B" title="大嶝岛">大嶝島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E6%B3%A5%E9%95%87" title="紫泥镇">紫泥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="東山縣">東山</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東">廣東</a>、<br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">港</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳</a>島嶼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="粤东島嶼" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E4%B8%9C" title="粤东">粤东</a>島嶼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B1%B1%E9%95%87" title="海山镇">海山(饒平)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%BE%B3%E5%B2%9B" title="南澳岛">南澳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E6%BF%A0%E5%B2%9B" title="达濠岛">達濠島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%BE%8E%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南澎列島">南澎列島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>島嶼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="香港島">香港島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B6%BC%E5%B1%B1" title="大嶼山">大嶼山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%A1%A3%E5%B3%B6" title="青衣島">青衣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%A8%E8%84%B7%E6%B4%B2" title="鴨脷洲">鴨脷洲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E6%B1%9F%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="珠江口">珠江口</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B6%E4%BB%83%E6%B4%8B" title="伶仃洋">伶仃洋</a>島嶼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E4%BC%B6%E4%BB%83%E5%B3%B6" title="內伶仃島">內伶仃島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%B6%E4%BB%83%E5%B3%B6" title="外伶仃島">外伶仃岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="萬山群島">萬山群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E7%90%B4%E5%B3%B6" title="橫琴島">橫琴島</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%AC%84%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高欄列島(页面不存在)">高欄列島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B9%E4%BB%94" title="氹仔">氹仔</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%92%B0" title="路環">路環</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="江門">江門</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="陽江">陽江</a>島嶼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="川山群岛">川山群島</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="上川島">上</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B" title="下川岛">下</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%B9%8F%E5%B2%9B" title="南鹏岛">南鵬列島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%99%B5%E5%B2%9B" title="海陵岛">海陵島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%9B%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="湛江">湛江</a>島嶼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%89%E5%B2%9B" title="南三岛">南三岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%9B" title="东海岛">东海岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%87%E6%B4%B2%E5%B2%9B" title="硇洲岛">硇洲岛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%AF%AE%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新寮島(页面不存在)">新寮島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%B8%E5%B2%9B" title="南海诸岛">南海诸岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B2%9B" title="海南岛">海南岛</a></b></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葛婆群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cát_Bà_Island"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%9B%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葛婆群島(页面不存在)">葛婆群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1t_B%C3%A0_Island" class="extiw" title="en:Cát Bà Island"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cát_Bà_Island</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%BE%8D%E5%B0%BE%E5%B3%B6" title="白龍尾島">白龍尾島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="東沙群島">東沙群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="西沙群岛">西沙群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="中沙群島">中沙群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="南沙群岛">南沙群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%B3%B6" title="富國島">富國島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E4%BB%91%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="昆仑群岛">昆仑群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BE%99%E5%B2%9B" title="高龙岛">高龙岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%85%AC%E5%B3%B6" title="戈公島">戈公島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%81%E9%AA%A8%E5%B2%9B" title="阁骨岛">閣骨島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%81%E6%98%8C%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="阁昌岛">阁昌岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%81%E6%B2%99%E6%A2%85%E5%B2%9B_(%E7%BD%97%E5%8B%87%E5%BA%9C)" class="mw-redirect" title="阁沙梅岛 (罗勇府)">沙美島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A%E5%B3%B6" title="小珊瑚島">小珊瑚島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E6%B4%BE%E5%B3%B6" title="閣派島">閣派島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E9%81%93%E5%B3%B6" title="閣道島">閣道島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E5%B8%95%E5%B2%B8%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="閣帕岸島">帕岸島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%A2%85%E5%B2%9B" title="苏梅岛">阁沙梅岛 (素叻他尼府)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%81%E6%B2%99%E6%A2%85%E5%B2%9B_(%E7%BD%97%E5%8B%87%E5%BA%9C)" class="mw-redirect" title="阁沙梅岛 (罗勇府)">阁沙梅岛 (罗勇府)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E6%B3%8A%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="停泊群岛">停泊群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E6%B5%AA%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熱浪群島(页面不存在)">熱浪群島</a>(含<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E6%B5%AA%E5%B2%9B" title="热浪岛">热浪岛</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%81%E6%9B%BC%E5%B2%9B" title="刁曼岛">刁曼岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="马来群岛">马来群岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%BD%E4%BB%96%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="大巽他群岛">大巽他群岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E6%B4%B2" title="婆罗洲">加里曼丹岛</a></b>(以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%B2%9B_(%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%BD%E4%BB%96%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B)" title="劳特岛 (大巽他群岛)">勞特島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B8%83%E5%BA%AB%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%B2)" title="塞布庫島 (婆羅洲)">塞布庫島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%9E%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E9%A6%AC%E5%A1%94%E5%B3%B6" title="馬亞卡里馬塔島">馬亞卡里馬塔島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E9%A6%AC%E5%A1%94%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="卡里馬塔群島">卡里馬塔群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%B3%87%E8%BF%AA%E5%B3%B6" title="石峇迪島">石峇迪島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A5%B4%E5%B9%B2%E5%B3%B6" title="奴奴干島">奴奴干島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%B9%E5%B3%B6" title="打拉根島">打拉根島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E9%97%BD" title="纳闽">納閩島</a>等)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%96%80%E7%AD%94%E8%87%98" title="蘇門答臘">苏门答腊岛</a></b>(以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%B8%95%E5%B3%B6" title="魯帕島">魯帕島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E5%8A%A0%E9%BA%97%E5%B3%B6" title="望加麗島">望加麗島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9D%B1%E5%B3%B6" title="巴東島">巴東島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%90%8D%E4%B8%81%E5%AE%9C%E5%B3%B6" title="直名丁宜島">直名丁宜島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E6%A1%91%E5%B3%B6" title="朗桑島">朗桑島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B" title="门多尔岛">门多尔岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E9%82%A3%E5%B3%B6" title="卡巴那島">卡巴那島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%BA%B7%E4%BC%AF%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="圖康伯西群島">圖康伯西群島</a>等)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E5%B2%9B" title="新加坡岛">新加坡岛</a>(以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%95%8F%E5%B3%B6" title="烏敏島">烏敏島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%89%E5%B3%B6" title="德光島">德光島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%95%E5%BB%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="裕廊島">裕廊島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%B7%98%E6%B2%99" title="圣淘沙">圣淘沙</a>等)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%9B" title="苏拉威西岛">苏拉威西岛</a></b>(以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%8B%9E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="塔勞群島">塔勞群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E7%BE%A9%E8%B5%AB%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="桑義赫群島">桑義赫群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%90%89%E5%AE%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="托吉安群島">托吉安群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E7%9B%96%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B%E5%8E%BF" title="邦盖群岛县">邦蓋群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="塞拉亞群島">塞拉亞群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="沃沃尼島">沃沃尼島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%B4%8D%E5%B3%B6" title="穆納島">穆納島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%A1%BF%E5%B2%9B" title="布顿岛">布顿岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E9%82%A3%E5%B3%B6" title="卡巴那島">卡巴那島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%BA%B7%E4%BC%AF%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="圖康伯西群島">圖康伯西群島</a>等)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%96%E5%86%85%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="廖内群岛">廖内群岛</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E5%B2%9B" title="爪哇岛">爪哇岛</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%83%BD%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%9B" title="马都拉岛">马都拉岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%9F%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%B3%B6" title="巴韋安島">巴韋安島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%8E%84%E5%AE%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="康厄安群島">康厄安群島</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E5%8A%A0%E5%B3%B6" title="邦加島">邦加島</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%B4%9E%E5%B2%9B" title="勿里洞岛">勿里洞岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E5%9C%9F%E7%B4%8D%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="納土納群島">納土納群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="阿南巴斯群島">阿南巴斯群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%8A%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="林加群島">林加群島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%B7%BD%E4%BB%96%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="小巽他群岛">小巽他群岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%8E%98%E5%B2%9B" title="峇厘岛">峇厘岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%80%E5%B0%BC%E9%81%94%E5%B3%B6" title="珀尼達島">珀尼達島</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E7%9B%AE%E5%B2%9B" title="龙目岛">龙目岛</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%87%E5%B3%B6" title="松巴哇島">松巴哇島</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E7%B4%84%E5%B3%B6" title="莫約島">莫約島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%8E%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%B3%B6" title="科莫多島">科莫多島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%8D%A1%E5%B2%9B" title="林卡岛">林卡岛</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%B2%9B" title="弗洛勒斯岛">弗洛勒斯岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%B4%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="索洛群島">索洛群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B4%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="阿洛群島">阿洛群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%99%B6%E7%BE%85%E5%B3%B6" title="阿陶羅島">阿陶羅島</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B3%B6" title="松巴島">松巴島</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%AD%A6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="薩武群島">薩武群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%B6" title="羅地島">羅地島</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6%E5%B3%B6" title="帝汶島">帝汶島</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E)" title="西南群島 (印度尼西亞)">西南群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E8%92%82%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="勒蒂群島">勒蒂群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%A9%AC%E5%A1%94%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="塞马塔群岛">塞馬塔群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="巴巴群島">巴巴群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%AF%A7%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="塔寧巴爾群島">塔寧巴爾群島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾群岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%AE%8B" title="呂宋">呂宋島</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%B2%99%E9%84%A2%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="米沙鄢群島">維薩亞斯群島</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E5%85%B0%E8%80%81%E5%B2%9B" title="棉兰老岛">棉兰老岛</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E6%9C%9B%E5%B3%B6" title="巴拉望島">巴拉望島</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%83%BD%E6%B4%9B" title="民都洛">民都洛島</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%B8%B9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="巴丹群島">巴丹群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E5%BB%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="巴布延群岛">巴布延群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%A6%84%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="苏禄群岛">苏禄群岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E9%B9%BF%E5%8A%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="摩鹿加群岛">摩鹿加群岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BE%85%E6%B3%B0%E5%B3%B6" title="摩羅泰島">摩羅泰島</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%A9%AC%E9%BB%91%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%9B" title="哈马黑拉岛">哈马黑拉岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8D%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="巴占群島">巴占群島</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%AF%94%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="奧比群島">奧比群島</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="蘇拉群島">蘇拉群島</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="布魯島">布魯島</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="斯兰岛">斯兰岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%91%9F%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="利亚瑟群岛">利亚瑟群岛</a>(包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%B1%B6%E5%B2%9B" title="安汶岛">安汶岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B8%95%E9%AD%AF%E9%98%BF%E5%B3%B6" title="薩帕魯阿島">薩帕魯阿島</a>等)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E9%81%94%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="班達群島">班達群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E9%BE%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="戈龙群岛">戈龙群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%9C%96%E8%B2%9D%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="瓦圖貝拉群島">瓦圖貝拉群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BC%8A%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="卡伊群島">卡伊群島</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%AD%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="阿魯群島">阿魯群島</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="南太平洋">南太平洋</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="玻里尼西亞">玻里尼西亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">島群端點</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>極北:<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="夏威夷群島">夏威夷群島</a></b></li> <li>極南:<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0" title="新西兰">新西兰群岛</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%8E%8B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="三王群岛">三王群岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B3%B6_(%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD)" title="北島 (紐西蘭)">北岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6_(%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD)" title="南島 (新西蘭)">南岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B6" title="斯圖爾特島">斯圖爾特島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="斯奈尔斯群岛">斯奈尔斯群岛</a>)</li> <li>極東:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB%E7%AF%80%E5%B3%B6" title="復活節島">復活節島</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E6%88%88%E9%BA%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="薩拉戈麥斯島">薩拉戈麥斯島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">其他組成島嶼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E5%B3%B6" title="中途島">中途島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E7%8E%AF%E7%A4%81" title="约翰斯顿环礁">约翰斯顿环礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%93%A6%E7%9B%A7" title="圖瓦盧">埃利斯群岛</a>(圖瓦盧)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8A%A0" title="東加">湯加群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E7%8E%BB%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="法屬玻里尼西亞">法屬玻里尼西亞</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="馬克薩斯群島">馬克薩斯群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="社會群島">社會群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%9E%E8%8E%AB%E5%9C%9F%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="土亞莫土群島">土亞莫土群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="南方群岛">南方群岛</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E5%9F%83" title="紐埃">纽埃岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="克马德克群岛">克马德克群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="萨摩亚群岛">萨摩亚群岛</a>(分属<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="萨摩亚">萨摩亚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B1%AC%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="美屬薩摩亞">美屬薩摩亞</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3" title="托克劳">托克劳群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="库克群岛">库克群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%81%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="莱恩群岛">莱恩群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="菲尼克斯群岛">菲尼克斯群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E7%8E%AF%E7%A4%81" title="约翰斯顿环礁">约翰斯顿岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%8C%E5%9C%96%E7%B4%8D" title="瓦利斯和富圖納">瓦利斯及富图纳群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%87%AF%E6%81%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="皮特凯恩群岛">皮特凯恩群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%A1%94%E5%A7%86%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="查塔姆群岛">查塔姆群岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="美拉尼西亚">美拉尼西亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E5%B3%B6" title="新幾內亞島">新几内亚岛/巴布亚岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B3%88%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="拉賈安帕特群島">拉賈安帕特群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%80%83%E6%BB%95%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="斯考滕群島">斯考滕群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%BD%AD%E5%B3%B6" title="亞彭島">亞彭島</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="俾斯麦群岛">俾斯麦群岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6_(%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6)" title="所羅門群島 (群島)">所罗门群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="當特爾卡斯托群島">當特爾卡斯托群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%81%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="特羅布里恩群島">特羅布里恩群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%B3%B6" title="伍德拉克島">伍德拉克島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="路易西亞德群島">路易西亞德群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="托雷斯海峽群島">托雷斯海峽群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="圣克鲁斯群岛">圣克鲁斯群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%95%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="新赫布里底群島">瓦努阿图群岛</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%96%80%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="新喀里多尼亞">新喀里多尼亞</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E5%B2%9B" title="诺福克岛">诺福克岛</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%BF%9F" title="斐濟">斐济群岛</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B2%9B%E7%BE%A4" title="密克罗尼西亚岛群">密克羅尼西亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="马里亚纳群岛">马里亚纳群岛</a>(分属<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="北马里亚纳群岛">北马里亚纳</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%B3%B6" title="關島">關島</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BD%97%E6%9E%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="加罗林群岛">加罗林群岛</a>(分属<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9B%E7%90%89" title="帛琉">帕劳</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" title="密克罗尼西亚联邦">密克罗尼西亚联邦</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%B4%B9%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="馬紹爾群島">馬紹爾群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E5%B3%B6" title="威克島">威克島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E9%AD%AF" title="諾魯">瑙魯岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="吉尔伯特群岛">吉尔伯特群岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ddd;">其他島嶼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="塔斯馬尼亞州">塔斯马尼亚岛</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%AF%BA%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="弗诺群岛">弗诺群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B2%9B" title="金岛">金岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="韦塞尔群岛">韋塞爾群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9%E5%B2%9B" title="格鲁特岛">格鲁特岛</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威爾斯利群島" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wellesley islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威爾斯利群島(页面不存在)">威爾斯利群島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellesley_islands" class="extiw" title="en:Wellesley islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wellesley islands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="聖靈群島">聖靈群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A%E6%B5%B7%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="珊瑚海群岛">珊瑚海群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="弗雷澤島">弗雷澤島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E5%8B%B3%E7%88%B5%E5%B3%B6" title="豪勳爵島">豪勳爵島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%8A%A0%E9%B2%81%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="坎加鲁岛">袋鼠島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%9C%B0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="火地群岛">火地群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%B2%9B" title="彼得一世岛">彼得一世岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%B2%9B" title="亚历山大一世岛">亚历山大一世岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="奥克兰群岛">奥克兰群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B" title="坎贝尔岛">坎贝尔岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E8%92%82%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="邦蒂群岛">邦蒂群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%92%82%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="安蒂波德斯群岛">安蒂波德斯群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%A4%B8%E9%87%8C%E5%B2%9B" title="麦夸里岛">麦夸里岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东太平洋</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B_(%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E)" title="海峡群岛 (加利福尼亚州)">海峽群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="瑪麗亞群島">瑪麗亞群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E9%81%94%E7%9B%A7%E6%99%AE%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="瓜達盧普島">瓜達盧普島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="圣贝尼托群岛">圣贝尼托群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%92%82%E7%B6%AD%E9%81%94%E5%B3%B6" title="納蒂維達島">納蒂維達島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%8C%E8%B5%AB%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="雷维利亚希赫多群岛">雷维利亚希赫多群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E7%8F%80%E9%A0%93%E5%B3%B6" title="克利珀頓島">克利珀頓島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%A7%91%E5%B2%9B_(%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0)" title="科科岛 (哥斯达黎加)">科科岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%96%A9%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B6" title="大薩卡特島">大薩卡特島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E8%92%82%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%B3%B6" title="埃爾蒂格雷島">埃爾蒂格雷島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%9F%A5%E5%9C%AD%E5%A1%94%E5%B3%B6" title="孔查圭塔島">孔查圭塔島</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梅安格拉島" data-lang-code="es" data-lang-name="西班牙语" data-foreign-title="Meanguera"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%AE%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅安格拉島(页面不存在)">梅安格拉島</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">西班牙语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanguera" class="extiw" title="es:Meanguera"><span lang="es" dir="auto">Meanguera</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%9B" title="奇拉岛">奇拉島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%8A%E7%93%A6%E5%B3%B6" title="科伊瓦島">科伊瓦島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="珍珠群岛">珍珠群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A0%BC%E7%B4%8D%E5%B3%B6" title="高格納島">高格納島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%B2%9B" title="马尔佩洛岛">马尔佩洛岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%95%E6%88%88%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="加拉帕戈斯群島">加拉帕戈斯群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%B4%8D%E5%B3%B6" title="普納島">普納島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E6%B4%9B%E5%9F%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="奇洛埃群島">奇洛埃群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="喬諾斯群島">喬諾斯群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%81%94%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%8D%E5%B3%B6" title="馬格達萊納島">馬格達萊納島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%97%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="胡安·費爾南德斯群島">胡安·費爾南德斯群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%9B%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="德斯文图拉多斯群岛">德斯文图拉多斯群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%B8%83%E9%BE%8D%E5%B3%B6" title="蒂布龍島">蒂布龍島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E5%B3%B6" title="安赫爾德拉瓜爾達島">安赫爾德拉瓜爾達島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="塞德羅斯島">塞德羅斯島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%9D%88%E5%B3%B6" title="幽靈島">幽靈島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%90%A8%E7%A4%81" title="玛丽亚·特里萨礁">玛丽亚·特里萨礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%A6%E7%A4%81" title="埃内斯特·勒古韦礁">埃内斯特·勒古韦礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%A4%81" title="木星礁">木星礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%A5%9A%E8%A5%BF%E7%89%B9%E7%A4%81" title="沃楚西特礁">沃楚西特礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%A7%86%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="尼姆罗德群岛">尼姆罗德群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B8%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B2%9B_(%E5%B9%BD%E7%81%B5%E5%B2%9B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯温斯岛 (幽灵岛)(页面不存在)">斯温斯岛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅西岛(页面不存在)">梅西岛</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多尔蒂岛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dougherty Island"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E8%92%82%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多尔蒂岛(页面不存在)">多尔蒂岛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dougherty_Island" class="extiw" title="en:Dougherty Island"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dougherty Island</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E8%BF%AA%E5%B3%B6" title="珊迪島">珊迪島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%E6%B8%A3%E7%94%B8%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="洛斯渣甸群島">洛斯渣甸群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%B3%A5%E5%B3%B6" title="中鳥島">中鳥島</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>黑體</b>為較大的島嶼<br /><i>斜體</i>為主權爭議島嶼<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲大陆">澳大利亞島</a>更常被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="次大陆">次大陸</a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35581#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35581#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35581#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209090/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147183664">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjHYdDGMRHTmHGFW4pcjcq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5388831">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940409w">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940409w">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4095546-1">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550200405171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80076150">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp354rr91g50nd1">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00258064">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hokkaidó (Japonsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge375883&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00659521?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046257">NARA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027340864">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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