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id="toc-The_university-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Students_and_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Students_and_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Students and staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Students_and_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Academic community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ranking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_at_UNISA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_at_UNISA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Education at UNISA</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_at_UNISA-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education at UNISA subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_at_UNISA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accreditation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accreditation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Accreditation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accreditation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_accreditation_of_UNISA's_qualifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_accreditation_of_UNISA's_qualifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>International accreditation of UNISA's qualifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_accreditation_of_UNISA's_qualifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entrance_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entrance_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Entrance requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entrance_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distance_education_at_UNISA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distance_education_at_UNISA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Distance education at UNISA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distance_education_at_UNISA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disciplinary_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disciplinary_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Disciplinary action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disciplinary_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_dress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_dress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Academic dress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_dress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unisa_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unisa_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Unisa Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unisa_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNISA_Press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNISA_Press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>UNISA Press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNISA_Press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_notable_alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_notable_alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>List of notable alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_notable_alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_University_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_University_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>The University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_University_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>International cooperation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">University of South Africa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Universiteit van Suid-Afrika – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Universiteit van Suid-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جامعة جنوب إفريقيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة جنوب إفريقيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_von_S%C3%BCdafrika" title="Universität von Südafrika – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Universität von Südafrika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Sud%C3%A1frica" title="Universidad de Sudáfrica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Sudáfrica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Sud-Afriko" title="Universitato de Sud-Afriko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Sud-Afriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="دانشگاه آفریقای جنوبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه آفریقای جنوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27Afrique_du_Sud" title="Université d'Afrique du Sud – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université d'Afrique du Sud" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami%27ar_Afirka_ta_Kudu" title="Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Afrika_Selatan" title="Universitas Afrika Selatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Afrika Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UNISA" title="E-UNISA – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="E-UNISA" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Africa" title="University of South Africa – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="University of South Africa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_del_Sud_Africa" title="Università del Sud Africa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università del Sud Africa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אוניברסיטת דרום אפריקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת דרום אפריקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Afrika_Kusini" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika Kusini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika Kusini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Africae_Australis" title="Universitas Africae Australis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Africae Australis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9l-afrikai_Egyetem" title="Dél-afrikai Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dél-afrikai Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جامعة جنوب افريقيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة جنوب افريقيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Zuid-Afrika" title="Universiteit van Zuid-Afrika – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Zuid-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="南アフリカ大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南アフリカ大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrika-universitetet" title="Sør-Afrika-universitetet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sør-Afrika-universitetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_Po%C5%82udniowej_Afryki" title="Uniwersytet Południowej Afryki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet Południowej Afryki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_da_%C3%81frica_do_Sul" title="Universidade da África do Sul – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade da África do Sul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Университет Южной Африки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Университет Южной Африки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunibesithi_ya_Aforika_Borwa" title="Yunibesithi ya Aforika Borwa – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Yunibesithi ya Aforika Borwa" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/INyuvesi_yase_Ningizimu_Afrika_(UNISA)" title="INyuvesi yase Ningizimu Afrika (UNISA) – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="INyuvesi yase Ningizimu Afrika (UNISA)" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Africa" title="University of South Africa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="University of South Africa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunivesithi_ya_Afurika_Tshipembe" title="Yunivesithi ya Afurika Tshipembe – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Yunivesithi ya Afurika Tshipembe" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="南非大學 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南非大學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Africa" title="University of South Africa – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="University of South Africa" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q677993#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_South_Africa&params=25_46_02_S_28_11_58_E_type:edu_region:ZA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°46′02″S</span> <span class="longitude">28°11′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.76722°S 28.19944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-25.76722; 28.19944</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest public university in South Africa</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of South Africa</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_South_Africa_emblem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/07/University_of_South_Africa_emblem.jpg/220px-University_of_South_Africa_emblem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/07/University_of_South_Africa_emblem.jpg/330px-University_of_South_Africa_emblem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/07/University_of_South_Africa_emblem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="273" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="University of the Cape of Good Hope">University of the Cape of Good Hope</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Pro Gentibus Sapientia</i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>In the service of humanity</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">Distance education</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_universities_and_university_networks_by_enrollment" title="List of largest universities and university networks by enrollment">Mega University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1873<span class="noprint">; 151 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1873</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Vice-chancellor</th><td class="infobox-data">Puleng LenkaBula</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,218 <span style="font-size:85%;">(as of 2015)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">420,000 <span style="font-size:85%;">(as of 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_South_Africa&params=25_46_02_S_28_11_58_E_type:edu_region:ZA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°46′02″S</span> <span class="longitude">28°11′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.76722°S 28.19944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-25.76722; 28.19944</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maroon" title="Maroon">Maroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navy_blue" title="Navy blue">Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#010134; color:white;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data">UNISA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_African_Universities" title="Association of African Universities">AAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">ACU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Education South Africa">HESA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unisa.ac.za">unisa.ac.za</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_South_Africa_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/University_of_South_Africa_logo.svg/220px-University_of_South_Africa_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/University_of_South_Africa_logo.svg/330px-University_of_South_Africa_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/University_of_South_Africa_logo.svg/440px-University_of_South_Africa_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="153" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>University of South Africa</b> (<b>UNISA</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the largest <a href="/wiki/University_system" title="University system">university system</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> by enrollment. It attracts a third of all higher education students in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. Through various colleges and affiliates, UNISA has over 400,000 students, including <a href="/wiki/International_student" title="International student">international students</a> from 130 <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">countries</a> worldwide, making it one of the world's <a href="/wiki/Mega_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega university">mega universities</a> and the only such university in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. </p><p>As a comprehensive <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a>, Unisa offers both vocational and academic programmes, many of which have received international accreditation, as well as an extensive geographical footprint, giving their students recognition and <a href="/wiki/Employability" title="Employability">employability</a> in many countries the world over. The university lists many notable <a href="/wiki/South_Africans" title="South Africans">South Africans</a> among its <a href="/wiki/Alumnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumnus">alumni</a>, including two <a href="/wiki/Nobel_prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel prize">Nobel prize</a> winners: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, the first democratically elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">president of South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1873 as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="University of the Cape of Good Hope">University of the Cape of Good Hope</a>, the University of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> (or Unisa as it is commonly known) spent most of its early history as an examining agency for <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge universities</a> and as an incubator from which most other universities in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> are descended. Legislation in 1916 established the autonomous University of South Africa (the same legislation established <a href="/wiki/Stellenbosch_University" title="Stellenbosch University">Stellenbosch University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town" title="University of Cape Town">University of Cape Town</a> as autonomous universities) as an "umbrella" or federal institution with its seat in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, playing an academic trusteeship role for several colleges that eventually became autonomous universities.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colleges that were under UNISA's trusteeship were Grey University College (Bloemfontein), <a href="/wiki/Huguenot_College" title="Huguenot College">Huguenot University College</a> (Wellington), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Natal" title="University of Natal">Natal University</a> College (Pietermaritzburg), <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_University" title="Rhodes University">Rhodes University College</a> (Grahamstown), <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_University_College" title="Transvaal University College">Transvaal University College</a> (Pretoria), the South African School of Mines and Technology (Johannesburg), and Potchefstroom University College.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, with the passage of the Extension of University Education Act, UNISA's trusteeship also extended to the five "black universities", namely <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zululand" title="University of Zululand">University of Zululand</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Western_Cape" title="University of the Western Cape">University of the Western Cape</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_North" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the North">University of the North</a>, University of Durban-Westville, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Fort_Hare" title="University of Fort Hare">University of Fort Hare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1946, UNISA was given a new role as a <a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance education</a> university, and today it offers <a href="/wiki/Academic_certificate" title="Academic certificate">certificate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">diploma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degree</a> courses<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up to <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctoral</a> level. </p><p>In January 2004, UNISA merged with Technikon Southern Africa (Technikon SA, a <a href="/wiki/Technikon" title="Technikon">polytechnic</a>) and incorporated the distance education component of <a href="/wiki/Vista_University" title="Vista University">Vista University</a> (VUDEC). The combined institution retained the name <i>University of South Africa</i>. It is now organised by <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">college</a> and by school; see <a href="#Academic_community">below</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_university">The university</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The university"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_University_of_South_Africa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/The_University_of_South_Africa.jpg/220px-The_University_of_South_Africa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/The_University_of_South_Africa.jpg/330px-The_University_of_South_Africa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/The_University_of_South_Africa.jpg/440px-The_University_of_South_Africa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>The university campus in Pretoria</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unisa's Muckleneuk Campus is located in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> and is a major landmark of the capital city. It was in 1972 that Unisa moved into its new home on <a href="/wiki/Muckleneuk" title="Muckleneuk">Muckleneuk</a> Ridge having vacated the old quarters in central Pretoria. The complex of buildings was designed by Bryan Sandrock Architects in the 1960s and expresses an international style characterised by monumental proportions and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> feats like the cantilevered structures. The most striking feature is the long projection from the brow of the hill, supported by a giant steel girder resting on a massive column. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg/220px--The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="125" data-durationhint="24" data-mwtitle="The_front_of_Unisa_(Main_Campus).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:The_front_of_Unisa_(Main_Campus).ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg/The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="848" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="848" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg/The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="424" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg/The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg/The_front_of_Unisa_%28Main_Campus%29.ogg.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Panorama View of Unisa (Main Campus)</figcaption></figure> <p>Also in Pretoria is the Sunnyside <a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">campus</a>, the main area of student activity. The Florida <a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">campus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> is Unisa's science <a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">campus</a>. The College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences and some departments of the College of Science, Engineering and Technology is housed here. The science campus contains 12 buildings, a <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Auditorium" title="Auditorium">auditoriums</a> and a large study area. It also includes a horticultural centre and a multipurpose research and training facility designed to meet the education and research needs of students in a range of programmes including agriculture, ornamental horticulture and nature conservation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela_Building.jpg/220px-Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela_Building.jpg/330px-Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela_Building.jpg/440px-Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Building</figcaption></figure> <p>The university has seven regional centres in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, servicing students in all nine provinces. These are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_London,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="East London, Eastern Cape">East London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mthatha" title="Mthatha">Mthatha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Elizabeth">Port Elizabeth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_(province)" title="Free State (province)">Free State</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroonstad" title="Kroonstad">Kroonstad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ekurhuleni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekurhuleni">Ekurhuleni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida,_Gauteng" title="Florida, Gauteng">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaal_Triangle" title="Vaal Triangle">Vaal Triangle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwazulu-Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwazulu-Natal">Kwazulu-Natal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal">Newcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pietermaritzburg" title="Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richards_Bay" title="Richards Bay">Richards Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_Coast_Region,_Eastern_Cape" title="Wild Coast Region, Eastern Cape">Wild Coast Region</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpopo_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Limpopo Province">Limpopo Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/Giyani" title="Giyani">Giyani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makhado" title="Makhado">Makhado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polokwane" title="Polokwane">Polokwane</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cape" title="Northern Cape">Northern Cape</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_(South_African_province)" title="North West (South African province)">North West</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mafikeng" title="Mafikeng">Mafikeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potchefstroom" title="Potchefstroom">Potchefstroom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rustenburg" title="Rustenburg">Rustenburg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpumalanga" title="Mpumalanga">Mpumalanga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Middelburg,_Mpumalanga" title="Middelburg, Mpumalanga">Middelburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelspruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelspruit">Nelspruit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/George,_Western_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="George, Western Cape">George</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Students_and_staff">Students and staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Students and staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to data extracted from the final audited <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher Education</a> <a href="/wiki/Management_information_system" title="Management information system">Management Information System</a> (HEMIS) submissions to the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Higher_Education_and_Training" title="Department of Higher Education and Training">Department of Higher Education and Training</a> (DHET), Unisa had 355,240 students enrolled in 2013 from <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, and other international states. The largest portion of these students are <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a>, being 91.4% (324,607) of the sum of the student enrollments. The College of <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">Economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Management_science" title="Management science">Management Sciences</a> (CEMS) is the largest of the eight colleges, with 26.7% (94,972) of the total student enrollments.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the same HEMIS submission, UNISA had 5,575 staff members in 2013. The staff complement consisted of 3,261 females (55.7%) and 2,593 (44.3%) males. 2011 figures from the Department of Institutional Statistics and Analysis (DISA) at the university show that the majority of the staff employed are non-professional administrative staff, being 56.8% (3,164). The number of institutional/research professionals are 33.2% (1,846) of the sum of the staff employed.Therefore, it is imperative for editors to note unverified notes here,<now everyone is editing> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_community">Academic community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academic community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As one of the world's mega universities, Unisa presents academic offerings associated with both technological and traditional universities. These include, but are not limited to, a combination of career-orientated courses usually associated with a university of technology, and formative academic programmes typically linked to a traditional university. </p> <ul><li>College of <a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">Accounting Sciences</a></li> <li>College of <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agricultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">Environmental Sciences</a></li> <li>College of <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></li> <li>College of Economic and <a href="/wiki/Management_science" title="Management science">Management Sciences</a></li> <li>College of <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate Studies">Graduate Studies</a></li> <li>College of <a href="/wiki/Human_science" title="Human science">Human Sciences</a></li> <li>College of <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li>College of Science, <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering</a> and Technology</li> <li>Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL)</li></ul> <p>In addition to the eight colleges and SBL, UNISA has numerous bureaus, centres, institutes, museums and units<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supporting academic development and research. </p><p>The qualifications offered by the College of Science, <a href="/wiki/Engineering_education" title="Engineering education">Engineering</a> and Technology for the field of engineering are intended for technician and technologist training rather than as the academic component for admission to the engineering profession. The programs are therefore aligned with Dublin (Technician) & Sydney (Technologist) Accords.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graduates from the university in these programmes cannot register with the as a Professional Engineer with the <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Council_of_South_Africa" title="Engineering Council of South Africa">Engineering Council of South Africa</a>. The university has introduced a Bachelor of Engineering Technology Honours being a Level 8 qualification (on the <a href="/wiki/National_Qualifications_Framework_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Qualifications Framework (South Africa)">National Qualification Framework</a>). This is not recognized for admission as a Professional Engineer and is a bridging mechanism for further studies for technologists and technicians.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> has an extreme skills shortage in respect of engineering and allied vocations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranking">Ranking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ranking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">University rankings</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Global – Overall</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">901–1000 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">851–900 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">1001–1200 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">USNWR</a></i> Global<sup id="cite_ref-USNWR_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNWR-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">=821 (2023)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_South_Africa" title="Rankings of universities in South Africa">Rankings of universities in South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_business_schools_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rankings of business schools in South Africa">Rankings of business schools in South Africa</a></div> <p>In 2015, the University of South Africa was ranked the 6th best university in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> by the Times Higher Education. This makes the university the 6th best university in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, out of 30.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_South_Africa_World_Ranking.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/University_of_South_Africa_World_Ranking.png/220px-University_of_South_Africa_World_Ranking.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/University_of_South_Africa_World_Ranking.png/330px-University_of_South_Africa_World_Ranking.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/University_of_South_Africa_World_Ranking.png/440px-University_of_South_Africa_World_Ranking.png 2x" data-file-width="1645" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>University of South Africa World Ranking</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><b>UNISA Times Higher Education Ranking 2016 to 2024</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>World Rank </th></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td>1001–1200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>1001–1200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>801–1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>1001+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>1001+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>1001+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>801–1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>801+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>601-800 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_at_UNISA">Education at UNISA</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Education at UNISA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accreditation">Accreditation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Accreditation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UNISA received a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> in 1877. It currently operates under the <i>Statute of the University of South Africa</i> issued in terms of the <i>Higher Education Act</i> (No. 101 of 1997), and is accredited by the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Department_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Department of Education">South African Department of Education</a> and the Council on Higher Education (CHE). Its qualifications (including those of the SBL) are registered with the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Qualifications_Authority" title="South African Qualifications Authority">South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_accreditation_of_UNISA's_qualifications"><span id="International_accreditation_of_UNISA.27s_qualifications"></span>International accreditation of UNISA's qualifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: International accreditation of UNISA's qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UNISA is inter alia listed in the following publications: <a href="/wiki/International_handbook_of_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="International handbook of universities">International Handbook of Universities</a> published by the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)</a> and officially verified by the <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Universities" title="International Association of Universities">International Association of Universities</a>. </p><p>In other cases the publication of an institution's name in specific authoritative publications forms the basis of accreditation. Students must however inquire from the specific foreign country/university whether UNISA's qualifications are accredited/recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internationally, UNISA is listed in the <i>Commonwealth Universities Handbook</i> of 1999 and also in the <i>International Handbook of Universities</i> of 1998. It is actually listed as Member of <a href="/wiki/The_Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="The Association of Commonwealth Universities">the Association of Commonwealth Universities</a> (ACU 2018).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The qualifications offered by the College of Science, Engineering and Technology are also accredited internationally through the accreditation done by the <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Council_of_South_Africa" title="Engineering Council of South Africa">Engineering Council of South Africa</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accords. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entrance_requirements">Entrance requirements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Entrance requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Students need a <a href="/wiki/School_leaving_qualification" title="School leaving qualification">school-leaving</a> qualification that would entitle them to enter a university or college in their own country. The majority of applications are now processed online.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applicants must meet the requirements for the course they wish to study. </p><p>The university has introduced new rules on entrance requirements since 2014, this outright rejects <a href="/wiki/TVET_(technical_and_vocational_education_and_training)" class="mw-redirect" title="TVET (technical and vocational education and training)">TVET</a> College graduates. Previously these students was allowed to complete bridge subjects and even Higher Certificates before going towards the <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">Diploma</a> and National Diploma. Even completing the <a href="/wiki/National_Senior_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="National Senior Certificate">National Senior Certificate</a> (Vocational) Level 4 will not be accepted without further education. Universities <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> argue the subjects from the school curriculum are more "<i>significant in-depth</i>" than the N3 subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university is therefore likely the only university with this rule. University of South Africa refers these students to consider other universities and colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distance_education_at_UNISA">Distance education at UNISA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Distance education at UNISA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UNISA is renowned for its versatile teaching approaches — providing <a href="/wiki/Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Online">online and distance</a> courses — and high-quality education. Since its establishment, UNISA has proposed the concept of "learner-centered" distance open education.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the past century and a half, UNISA has continuously provided high-quality, efficiency-driven tools for students and teachers, for example, providing data services for students and academic personnel to access UNISA's <a href="/wiki/Virtual_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual education">virtual education</a> environment.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UNISA has seized the opportunities of digital transformation, facilitated high <a href="/wiki/Scientific_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific research">scientific research</a> output, and ensured more efficient course implementation through multiple and strategic partnerships of the years to enhance and innovate open and distance learning experience across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable among these partnerships is the <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a> - University of South Africa on University Impact Forum: Quality Education by hosting higher education leaders to develop quality education in Africa to meet the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Goals" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Goals">United Nations Sustainable Development</a> <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_4" title="Sustainable Development Goal 4">Goal 4 - Quality Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higher education Africa is hindered by chronic lack of investment, an unsustainable policy environment, competition from outside Africa for academic talent, <a href="/wiki/International_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="International conflict">international conflicts</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial legacy</a> that has created multiple socio-economic challenges that higher education must respond to.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disciplinary_action">Disciplinary action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Disciplinary action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UNISA <a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">policy</a> document on <a href="/wiki/Academic_integrity" title="Academic integrity">Academic Integrity</a> sets out the basic definition and types of academic integrity transgressions (A1), guidelines for policy implementation (A2) guidelines for corrective measures to be imposed for transgression identified in the policy on academic integrity (A3) and declaration of originality (A4).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UNISA has a zero tolerance for any form of dishonesty or cheating activity related to assessments and exams and spell out punishments for students found guilty of any form of <a href="/wiki/Academic_dishonesty" title="Academic dishonesty">academic dishonesty</a> to have their modules cancelled and their marks withdrawn. They will also face up to a maximum of five years suspension from the university and from all <a href="/wiki/Universities_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities in South Africa">universities in South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent times there has been an outcry on cheating cases with students blaming glitches on the online invigilator application of the institution. UNISA is currently investigating over 1,400 student disciplinary cases of academic dishonesty as of 2024. The University’s <a href="/wiki/Vice-principal" title="Vice-principal">Vice Principal</a> for Institutional Development, Ramagoai Magano, says most of cases of academic dishonesty are by postgraduate students.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant number of the cases of academic dishonesty are cases of <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarism</a> as the university's online system has flagged potential instances of cheating and copying during tests which has prompted these thousands of investigations of academic integrity. Many students on the other hand have blamed the <a href="/wiki/Academic_institution" title="Academic institution">academic institution</a> for the inconsistencies in its online platform academic assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_dress">Academic dress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Academic dress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Bachelors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">masters</a> and honours degrees: black gown with the same pattern as a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> gown of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, and a black cap with a black tassel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctoral degrees</a>: cardinal red gown with open sleeves lined in cardinal red, cardinal red cap with a tassel in the colour of the college concerned.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNISA_Crest_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/UNISA_Crest_1986.jpg/150px-UNISA_Crest_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/UNISA_Crest_1986.jpg/225px-UNISA_Crest_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/UNISA_Crest_1986.jpg/300px-UNISA_Crest_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>Former coat of arms</figcaption></figure> <p>Unisa has been promoting and promulgating culture in all its manifestations since its inception in 1873. Apart from the academic courses offered by UNISA's <a href="/wiki/College_of_Humanities,_Arts,_and_Social_Sciences" title="College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences">College of Humanities</a>, practical language, art and music skills have been actively pursued through the setting of curricula and the implementation of special courses and examinations. </p> <ul><li>African Centre for Arts, Culture and Heritage studies</li> <li>Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology</li> <li>Department of Music</li> <li>Unisa <a href="/wiki/Spacex_(art_gallery)" title="Spacex (art gallery)">Space Art Gallery</a></li> <li>Unisa Music Foundation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unisa_Foundation">Unisa Foundation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Unisa Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Unisa Foundation was established in 1966 and now has approximately 280 active donors, many of them individual <a href="/wiki/Alumni" title="Alumni">alumni</a> with the desire to give back to the communities, South African and international, with a sense of <a href="/wiki/Social_responsibility" title="Social responsibility">social responsibility</a>. Equally vital is the role played by the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">Board of Trustees</a>, whose members not only oversee the affairs of the Unisa Foundation but who also lend the weight of their professional and personal reputations in a drive to reach potential donors, without financial reward to themselves. </p><p>Based at Unisa's main campus in <a href="/wiki/Muckleneuk" title="Muckleneuk">Muckleneuck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, the foundation has Fundraising and Development Divisions in <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a> and <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a>. These divisions support the smooth running of projects being undertaken in their regions while raising additional funding for local <a href="/wiki/Community_project" title="Community project">community projects</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UNISA_Press">UNISA Press</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: UNISA Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UNISA Press is the largest university press in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and Africa, with the biggest publication list.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable among the list of publications include; <i><b>Sisters in the Struggle</b></i> by Kalpana Hiralal (Women of Indian Origin in South Africa's Liberation Struggle 1900–1994 Volume 1: 1900–1940s),<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><b>Essays in Online Education; A Global Perspective</b></i> by Professor Mandla S. Makhanya and Dr Divya Singh,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><b>Names Fashioned by Gender</b></i> by Prof Thenjiwe Meyiwa and Prof Madodo Cekiso (a collection of essays on onomastics – a linguistics field of study focusing on the origin, form, history, and use of proper names),<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><b>Dark Matters: A Conversation with History, Saluting the Extraordinary Humanitarian Endeavours of South African Black Scientists</b></i> by Colin T. Johnson<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Violence in Schools: South Africa in an International Context by Clive Harber and Vusi Mncube.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_notable_alumni">List of notable alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: List of notable alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edwin_Cameron_in_robes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edwin Cameron"><img alt="Edwin Cameron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Edwin_Cameron_in_robes.jpg/224px-Edwin_Cameron_in_robes.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Edwin_Cameron_in_robes.jpg/336px-Edwin_Cameron_in_robes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Edwin_Cameron_in_robes.jpg/448px-Edwin_Cameron_in_robes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="404" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Cameron" title="Edwin Cameron">Edwin Cameron</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DenisGoldbergRJL.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Denis Goldberg"><img alt="Denis Goldberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DenisGoldbergRJL.JPG/138px-DenisGoldbergRJL.JPG" decoding="async" width="92" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DenisGoldbergRJL.JPG/207px-DenisGoldbergRJL.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DenisGoldbergRJL.JPG/275px-DenisGoldbergRJL.JPG 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="758" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Goldberg" title="Denis Goldberg">Denis Goldberg</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 68.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 66.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChenjeraiHove2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chenjerai Hove"><img alt="Chenjerai Hove" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/ChenjeraiHove2007.jpg/100px-ChenjeraiHove2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/ChenjeraiHove2007.jpg/150px-ChenjeraiHove2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/ChenjeraiHove2007.jpg/200px-ChenjeraiHove2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chenjerai_Hove" title="Chenjerai Hove">Chenjerai Hove</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antjie_Krog_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antjie Krog"><img alt="Antjie Krog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Antjie_Krog_2021.jpg/130px-Antjie_Krog_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Antjie_Krog_2021.jpg/195px-Antjie_Krog_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Antjie_Krog_2021.jpg/261px-Antjie_Krog_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="1393" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Antjie_Krog" title="Antjie Krog">Antjie Krog</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson_Mandela-2008_(edit).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nelson Mandela"><img alt="Nelson Mandela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg/127px-Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg/190px-Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg/253px-Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="778" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gifty_Oware-Aboagye_NSS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gifty Oware-Mensah"><img alt="Gifty Oware-Mensah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gifty_Oware-Aboagye_NSS.jpg/123px-Gifty_Oware-Aboagye_NSS.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gifty_Oware-Aboagye_NSS.jpg/184px-Gifty_Oware-Aboagye_NSS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gifty_Oware-Aboagye_NSS.jpg/246px-Gifty_Oware-Aboagye_NSS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gifty_Oware-Mensah" title="Gifty Oware-Mensah">Gifty Oware-Mensah</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moseneke.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dikgang Moseneke"><img alt="Dikgang Moseneke" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Moseneke.jpg/114px-Moseneke.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Moseneke.jpg/171px-Moseneke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Moseneke.jpg/227px-Moseneke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="1193" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dikgang_Moseneke" title="Dikgang Moseneke">Dikgang Moseneke</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barney_Pityana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barney Pityana"><img alt="Barney Pityana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Barney_Pityana.jpg/224px-Barney_Pityana.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Barney_Pityana.jpg/335px-Barney_Pityana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Barney_Pityana.jpg/447px-Barney_Pityana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Barney_Pityana" title="Barney Pityana">Barney Pityana</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mamphele_Ramphele_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mamphela Ramphele"><img alt="Mamphela Ramphele" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mamphele_Ramphele_3.jpg/130px-Mamphele_Ramphele_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mamphele_Ramphele_3.jpg/196px-Mamphele_Ramphele_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mamphele_Ramphele_3.jpg/261px-Mamphele_Ramphele_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mamphela_Ramphele" title="Mamphela Ramphele">Mamphela Ramphele</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 76.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 74.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_President_Ramaphosa_of_South_Africa_in_Number_10_-_2022_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cyril Ramaphosa"><img alt="Cyril Ramaphosa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_President_Ramaphosa_of_South_Africa_in_Number_10_-_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/112px-Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_President_Ramaphosa_of_South_Africa_in_Number_10_-_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_President_Ramaphosa_of_South_Africa_in_Number_10_-_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/167px-Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_President_Ramaphosa_of_South_Africa_in_Number_10_-_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_President_Ramaphosa_of_South_Africa_in_Number_10_-_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/223px-Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_President_Ramaphosa_of_South_Africa_in_Number_10_-_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="1611" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 68.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 66.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Desmond Tutu"><img alt="Desmond Tutu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg/100px-Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg/150px-Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg/200px-Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 <a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a> 2021, a leaked ministerial report claimed that rampant <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a> at Unisa undermines the quality of education, and highlighted the risk that the institution is becoming a "qualifications factory".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The claim that Unisa was becoming a <a href="/wiki/Diploma_mill" title="Diploma mill">diploma mill</a> due to mismanagement were being reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Blade_Nzimande" title="Blade Nzimande">Blade Nzimande</a>, the Minister of Higher Education, Science and Technology. On 19 <a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a> 2021, Unisa released a statement attempting to "correct" these claims.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The University boasts of being an institution that has given access to <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary education</a> to all people, irrespective of race or colour, particularly given South Africa’s history of apartheid. Its rich history includes a diverse mix of notable and famous <a href="/wiki/Alumni" title="Alumni">alumni</a>. This identity of UNISA has been its strongest and positive attraction that it is open, flexible and affordable thus serving the needs of the most disadvantaged communities.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDR-44_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDR-44-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the University's anniversary year in 2023 is blemished by a range of controversies and a failure to live up to its mission and strategic goals as it celebrates its 150 years of existence.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These controversies elicited the Human Rights Commission report, the Ministerial Task Team Report, and now this Independent Assessor report, all of which do not present a positive outlook for the University.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDR-44_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDR-44-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the report, UNISA’s problems came to the fore around 2015, with reports of challenges in governance, management and the quality of higher education provision such as allegations of deterioration of governance, instability of the executive management; continued complaints regarding student administration issues; the under-spending of earmarked grants; poor throughput and success rates, and very high dropout numbers; specific concerns regarding the quality of teacher education provision; levels of support provided to students at the institution within the context of distance learning; and concerns around the enrollment planning processes.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDR-44_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDR-44-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics have shared their opinions about Nzimande announcement of his intention to place the 150-year-old open-distance e-learning institution under administration after dissolving the institution's council and appointing former University of Johannesburg Vice-chancellor Prof Ihron Rensburg as administrator for 24 months.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minister Blade Nzimande's appointment of Prof Ihron Rensburg as administrator in October 2023 puts control of UNISA under the government for the next 24 months and he will be reporting to the Minister of Higher Education, Science and Innovation or any delegated official in the Department of Higher Education and Training in writing on a biannual basis.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A notable critic of the Minister's placement of UNISA under administration, Dr Seán Muller, a senior research fellow at the Johannesburg Institute of Advanced Study based at the University of Johannesburg has indicated that, placing UNISA under an Administrator will not solve the problems and challenges outlined by the Independent Assessor in his report. However, he reiterates that, “What has been clear is that there are many vested interests and agendas at play, including some of those who support the institution being placed under administration for reasons that have nothing to do with setting it on a better path."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The management of University of South Africa (UNISA) challenged the decision of the Minister of Higher Education, Science and Innovation to place the institution under administration in court by interdicting the Minister Blade Nzimande.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sighted order granted by the North Gauteng High Court declared that Nzimande’s notice of intention was in breach of an order granted by Mr Justice Adams on 24 August 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institution's council has always maintained that the report of the independent assessor was fundamentally flawed, and its recommendations misplaced.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another concern about the Minister's decision to place UNISA under administration has brought up possible impacts to students of the University. However, the Department of Higher Education, Science and Innovation has assured University of South Africa (UNISA) students they will not be affected when the institution is placed under administration.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_South_Africa" title="List of universities in South Africa">List of universities in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_split_up_universities" title="List of split up universities">List of split up universities</a></li></ul> <style 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class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/48px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/64px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Africa" title="Portal:South Africa">South Africa portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+South+African&rft.atitle=UNISA%2C+SSETA+and+NSFAS+cause+headache+for+Nzimande&rft.date=2023-08-08&rft.aulast=Ngwenya&rft.aufirst=Aphiwe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesouthafrican.com%2Fnews%2Funisa-sseta-and-nsfas-cause-headache-for-nzimande-8-august-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatel2023" class="citation web cs1">Patel, Faizel (7 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citizen.co.za/news/students-not-affected-plans-unisa-administration/">"How would Unisa administration affect students? Department speaks"</a>. <i>The Citizen</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Citizen&rft.atitle=How+would+Unisa+administration+affect+students%3F+Department+speaks&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=Faizel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizen.co.za%2Fnews%2Fstudents-not-affected-plans-unisa-administration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+South+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a>: <i lang="af">Universiteit van Suid-Afrika</i>, <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>: <i lang="zu">Inyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika</i>, <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a>: <i lang="xh">IYunivesithi yoMzantsi Afrika</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a>: <i lang="tn">Yunibesithi ya Aforika Borwa</i>, <a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a>: <i lang="ss">INyuvesi yase Ningizimu Afrika</i>, <a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a>: <i lang="ve">Yunivesithi ya Afurika Tshipembe</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_South_Africa&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_South_Africa" title="Template:University of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:University of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Vice-chancellor</a></i>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandla_Makhanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandla Makhanya (page does not exist)">Mandla Makhanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_the_University_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Academic staff of the University of South Africa">Notable academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_South_Africa_alumni" title="Category:University of South Africa alumni">Notable alumni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="University of the Cape of Good Hope">University of the Cape of Good Hope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Historical_Review" title="African Historical Review">African Historical Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_and_International_Law_Journal_of_Southern_Africa" title="Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa">Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Education_in_Pretoria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tertiary_Education_in_Pretoria" title="Template:Tertiary Education in Pretoria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tertiary_Education_in_Pretoria" title="Template talk:Tertiary Education in Pretoria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tertiary_Education_in_Pretoria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tertiary Education in Pretoria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_in_Pretoria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">University of Pretoria</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pretoria,_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg/50px-Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg/75px-Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg/100px-Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comprehensive Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities of Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tshwane_University_of_Technology" title="Tshwane University of Technology">Tshwane University of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious Colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_College_of_Pretoria" title="Rabbinical College of Pretoria">Rabbinical College of Pretoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damelin" title="Damelin">Damelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damelin_Correspondence_College" title="Damelin Correspondence College">Damelin Correspondence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscape_Design_College" title="Inscape Design College">Inscape Design College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_College" title="Lyceum College">Lyceum College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_in_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_South_Africa" title="Template:Universities in South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_in_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Universities in South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_in_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities in South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_in_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_South_Africa" title="List of universities in South Africa">Universities in South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>University alliances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cape_Higher_Education_Consortium" title="Cape Higher Education Consortium">CHEC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_Tertiary_Institutions_of_the_Northern_Metropolis" title="Foundation of Tertiary Institutions of the Northern Metropolis">FOTIM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Education South Africa">HESA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Southern_Education_and_Research_Alliance" title="Southern Education and Research Alliance">SERA</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town" title="University of Cape Town">Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Fort_Hare" title="University of Fort Hare">Fort Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Free_State" title="University of the Free State">Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_KwaZulu-Natal" title="University of KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limpopo" title="University of Limpopo">Limpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_University" title="North-West University">North-West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes_University" title="Rhodes University">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefako_Makgatho_Health_Sciences_University" title="Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University">SMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellenbosch_University" title="Stellenbosch University">Stellenbosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Western_Cape" title="University of the Western Cape">Western Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comprehensive universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_University" title="Nelson Mandela University">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Unisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Venda" title="University of Venda">Venda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu_University" title="Walter Sisulu University">Walter Sisulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zululand" title="University of Zululand">Zululand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities of technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Peninsula_University_of_Technology" title="Cape Peninsula University of Technology">Cape Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Central University of Technology">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban_University_of_Technology" title="Durban University of Technology">Durban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangosuthu_University_of_Technology" title="Mangosuthu University of Technology">Mangosuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mpumalanga" title="University of Mpumalanga">Mpumalanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Plaatje_University" title="Sol Plaatje University">Sol Plaatje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshwane_University_of_Technology" title="Tshwane University of Technology">Tshwane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaal_University_of_Technology" title="Vaal University of Technology">Vaal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design and art schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFDA,_The_South_African_School_of_Motion_Picture_Medium_and_Live_Performance" class="mw-redirect" title="AFDA, The South African School of Motion Picture Medium and Live Performance">AFDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityVarsity" title="CityVarsity">CityVarsity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscape_Design_College" title="Inscape Design College">Inscape Design College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Window_School_of_Visual_Communication" class="mw-redirect" title="The Open Window School of Visual Communication">The Open Window School of Visual Communication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theological_seminary" class="mw-redirect" title="Theological seminary">Theological seminaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Transfiguration" title="College of the Transfiguration">College of the Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Park_Theological_Seminary" title="Auckland Park Theological Seminary">Auckland Park Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Theological_College_of_Southern_Africa" title="Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa">Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield_College" title="George Whitefield College">George Whitefield College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Theological_Seminary" title="South African Theological Seminary">South African Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Vianney_Seminary,_Pretoria" title="St John Vianney Seminary, Pretoria">St John Vianney Seminary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities and colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIDA_City_Campus" title="CIDA City Campus">CIDA City Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTI_Education_Group" title="CTI Education Group">CTI Education Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damelin" title="Damelin">Damelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMM_Graduate_School_of_Marketing" class="mw-redirect" title="IMM Graduate School of Marketing">IMM Graduate School of Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Heritage_Science_and_Conservation" title="South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation">Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrand_Graduate_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrand Graduate Institute">Midrand Graduate Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monash_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Monash South Africa">Monash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenesys_Business_School" title="Regenesys Business School">Regenesys Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Augustine_College_of_South_Africa" title="St Augustine College of South Africa">St Augustine College of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenden_South_Africa" title="Stenden South Africa">Stenden South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Higher_Education_and_Training" title="Department of Higher Education and Training">DHEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Qualifications_Authority" title="South African Qualifications Authority">SAQA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chancellors_and_Vice-Chancellors_of_South_African_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of South African universities">Chancellors and vice-chancellors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_universities_by_endowment" title="List of South African universities by endowment">Endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_South_Africa" title="Rankings of universities in South Africa">Rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Technology_Network" title="South African Technology Network">South African Technology Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TENET_(network)" title="TENET (network)">TENET</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_admissions_in_South_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University admissions in South Africa (page does not exist)">University admissions in South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_South_Africa" title="Category:Universities in South Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_South_Africa" title="List of universities in South Africa">List</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_African_business_schools" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_African_Business_Schools" title="Template:South African Business Schools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_African_Business_Schools" title="Template talk:South African Business Schools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_African_Business_Schools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South African Business Schools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_African_business_schools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_schools_in_South_Africa" title="List of business schools in South Africa">South African business schools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b> Business school alliances</b>: <a href="/wiki/South_African_Business_Schools_Association" title="South African Business Schools Association">South African Business Schools Association</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Cape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:centre;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Metropolitan_University_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business School">Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Investec_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodes Investec Business School">Rhodes Investec Business School - Rhodes University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:centre;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Free_State_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Free State Business School">University of the Free State Business School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gauteng</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:centre;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIDA_City_Campus" title="CIDA City Campus">CIDA City Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_Business_School_South_Africa" title="Henley Business School South Africa">Henley Business School South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Institute_of_Business_Science" title="Gordon Institute of Business Science">Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) - University of Pretoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milpark_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Milpark Business School">Milpark Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenesys_Business_School" title="Regenesys Business School">Regenesys Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Business_School" title="Regent Business School">Regent Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshwane_University_of_Technology_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Tshwane University of Technology Business School">Tshwane University of Technology Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">University of Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Academic_community">Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL) - University of South Africa </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wits_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Wits Business School">Wits Business School - University of the Witwatersrand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">KwaZulu-Natal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:centre;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_KwaZulu-Natal" title="University of KwaZulu-Natal">University of KwaZulu-Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_College_of_Southern_Africa" title="Management College of Southern Africa">Management College of Southern Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limpopo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:centre;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limpopo" title="University of Limpopo">University of Limpopo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North-West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:centre;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North-West_University" title="North-West University">Graduate School of Business and Government Leadership - North-West University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_University" title="North-West University">Potchefstroom Business School - North-West University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Cape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:centre;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cape_Town_Graduate_School_of_Business&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business (page does not exist)">University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stellenbosch_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Stellenbosch Business School">University of Stellenbosch Business School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Rankings</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_African_Universities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_African_Universities" title="Template:Association of African Universities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_African_Universities" title="Template talk:Association of African Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_African_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of African Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_African_Universities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_African_Universities" title="Association of African Universities">Association of African Universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_1_University" title="Algiers 1 University">Algiers 1 University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_1_University" title="Constantine 1 University">Constantine 1 University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oran_1_University" title="Oran 1 University">Oran 1 University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ouargla" title="University of Ouargla">University of Ouargla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_Houari_Boumediene" title="University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene">University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="45" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FlagsMapAfrica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/FlagsMapAfrica.png/100px-FlagsMapAfrica.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/FlagsMapAfrica.png/150px-FlagsMapAfrica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/FlagsMapAfrica.png/200px-FlagsMapAfrica.png 2x" data-file-width="1727" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agostinho_Neto_University" title="Agostinho Neto University">Agostinho Neto University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Abomey-Calavi" title="University of Abomey-Calavi">University of Abomey-Calavi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botho_University" title="Botho University">Botho University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Accountancy_College" title="Botswana Accountancy College">Botswana Accountancy College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_International_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Botswana International University of Science and Technology">Botswana International University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_University_of_Agriculture_and_Natural_Resources" title="Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources">Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Botswana" title="University of Botswana">University of Botswana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Boni_University" title="Nazi Boni University">Nazi Boni University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ouagadougou" title="University of Ouagadougou">University of Ouagadougou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Burundi" title="University of Burundi">University of Burundi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bamenda" title="University of Bamenda">University of Bamenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buea" title="University of Buea">University of Buea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Douala" title="University of Douala">University of Douala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dschang" title="University of Dschang">University of Dschang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maroua" title="University of Maroua">University of Maroua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ngaound%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="University of Ngaoundéré">University of Ngaoundéré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Yaound%C3%A9_I" title="University of Yaoundé I">University of Yaoundé I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget_University_of_Cape_Verde" title="Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde">Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EUCLID_(university)" class="mw-redirect" title="EUCLID (university)">EUCLID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bangui" title="University of Bangui">University of Bangui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_N%27Djamena" title="University of N'Djamena">University of N'Djamena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marien_Ngouabi_University" title="Marien Ngouabi University">Marien Ngouabi University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Cote d'Ivoire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_University_of_Grand-Bassam" title="International University of Grand-Bassam">International University of Grand-Bassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny" title="Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny">Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic<br />of the Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Bukavu" title="Catholic University of Bukavu">Catholic University of Bukavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kinshasa" title="University of Kinshasa">University of Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kisangani" title="University of Kisangani">University of Kisangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lubumbashi" title="University of Lubumbashi">University of Lubumbashi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Shams_University" title="Ain Shams University">Ain Shams University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University" title="Al-Azhar University">Al-Azhar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Higher_Institute_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology">Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_University" title="Alexandria University">Alexandria University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benha_University" title="Benha University">Benha University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_University" title="Cairo University">Cairo University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt-Japan_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology">Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_e-Learning_University" title="Egyptian e-Learning University">Egyptian e-Learning University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwan_University" title="Helwan University">Helwan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansoura_University" title="Mansoura University">Mansoura University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoufia_University" title="Menoufia University">Menoufia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minya_University" title="Minya University">Minya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr_University_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Misr University for Science and Technology">Misr University for Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6_University" title="October 6 University">October 6 University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharos_University_in_Alexandria" title="Pharos University in Alexandria">Pharos University in Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Valley_University" title="South Valley University">South Valley University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal_University" title="Suez Canal University">Suez Canal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanta_University" title="Tanta University">Tanta University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_University_in_Cairo" class="mw-redirect" title="The American University in Cairo">The American University in Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_British_University_in_Egypt" title="The British University in Egypt">The British University in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sadat_City" title="University of Sadat City">University of Sadat City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagazig_University" title="Zagazig University">Zagazig University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Asmara" title="University of Asmara">University of Asmara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Eswatini" title="University of Eswatini">University of Eswatini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Science_and_Technology_University" title="Addis Ababa Science and Technology University">Addis Ababa Science and Technology University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_University" title="Addis Ababa University">Addis Ababa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_Service_University" title="Ethiopian Civil Service University">Ethiopian Civil Service University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haramaya_University" title="Haramaya University">Haramaya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawassa_University" title="Hawassa University">Hawassa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimma_University" title="Jimma University">Jimma University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekelle_University" title="Mekelle University">Mekelle University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_University_(Addis_Ababa)" title="St. Mary's University (Addis Ababa)">St. Mary's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wollega_University" title="Wollega University">Wollega University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo_University" title="Omar Bongo University">Omar Bongo University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accra_Institute_of_Technology" title="Accra Institute of Technology">Accra Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accra_Technical_University" title="Accra Technical University">Accra Technical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_University_College_of_Communications" title="African University College of Communications">African University College of Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Nations_University" title="All Nations University">All Nations University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashesi_University" title="Ashesi University">Ashesi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluecrest_University_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluecrest University College">Bluecrest University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_University_(Ghana)" title="Central University (Ghana)">Central University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grant_University_of_Mines_and_Technology" title="George Grant University of Mines and Technology">George Grant University of Mines and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Institute_of_Languages" title="Ghana Institute of Languages">Ghana Institute of Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Institute_of_Management_and_Public_Administration" title="Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration">Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koforidua_Technical_University" title="Koforidua Technical University">Koforidua Technical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumasi_Technical_University" title="Kumasi Technical University">Kumasi Technical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology">Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_University_College_Ghana" title="Methodist University College Ghana">Methodist University College Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_University" title="Pentecost University">Pentecost University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_University_College" title="Presbyterian University College">Presbyterian University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radford_University_College" title="Radford University College">Radford University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University_College_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Regent University College of Science and Technology">Regent University College of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Maritime_University" title="Regional Maritime University">Regional Maritime University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Development_Studies" title="University for Development Studies">University for Development Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cape_Coast" title="University of Cape Coast">University of Cape Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Education,_Winneba" title="University of Education, Winneba">University of Education, Winneba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="University of Energy and Natural Resources">University of Energy and Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ghana" title="University of Ghana">University of Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Health_and_Allied_Sciences" title="University of Health and Allied Sciences">University of Health and Allied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Professional_Studies" title="University of Professional Studies">University of Professional Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Media,_Arts_and_Communication" title="University of Media, Arts and Communication">University of Media, Arts and Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_View_University" title="Valley View University">Valley View University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_International_University_College" title="Wisconsin International University College">Wisconsin International University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenith_University_College" title="Zenith University College">Zenith University College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Virtual_University" title="African Virtual University">African Virtual University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Eastern_Africa" title="Catholic University of Eastern Africa">Catholic University of Eastern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_University" title="Daystar University">Daystar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedan_Kimathi_University_of_Technology" title="Dedan Kimathi University of Technology">Dedan Kimathi University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egerton_University" title="Egerton University">Egerton University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_of_Insect_Physiology_and_Ecology" title="International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology">International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta_University_of_Agriculture_and_Technology" title="Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology">Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyatta_University" title="Kenyatta University">Kenyatta University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maseno_University" title="Maseno University">Maseno University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masinde_Muliro_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology">Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moi_University" title="Moi University">Moi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kenya_University" title="Mount Kenya University">Mount Kenya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_University_of_Kenya" title="Multimedia University of Kenya">Multimedia University of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Kenya_University" title="South Eastern Kenya University">South Eastern Kenya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathmore_University" title="Strathmore University">Strathmore University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umma_University" title="Umma University">Umma University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Eldoret" title="University of Eldoret">University of Eldoret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Lesotho" title="National University of Lesotho">National University of Lesotho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuttington_University" title="Cuttington University">Cuttington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_Maris_Polytechnic_University" title="Stella Maris Polytechnic University">Stella Maris Polytechnic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_University" title="United Methodist University">United Methodist University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Asmarya_University_for_Islamic_Sciences" title="Al Asmarya University for Islamic Sciences">Al Asmarya University for Islamic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Zawiya_University" title="Al Zawiya University">Al Zawiya University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misurata_University" title="Misurata University">Misurata University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabha_University" title="Sabha University">Sabha University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Benghazi" title="University of Benghazi">University of Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tripoli" title="University of Tripoli">University of Tripoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Antananarivo" title="University of Antananarivo">University of Antananarivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toamasina" title="University of Toamasina">University of Toamasina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toliara" title="University of Toliara">University of Toliara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe_University_of_Agriculture_and_Natural_Resources" title="Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources">Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Malawi University of Science and Technology">Malawi University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICAF" title="UNICAF">UNICAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Malawi" title="University of Malawi">University of Malawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bamako" title="University of Bamako">University of Bamako</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nouakchott_Al_Aasriya" title="University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya">University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_University_of_Mauritius" title="Open University of Mauritius">Open University of Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mauritius" title="University of Mauritius">University of Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology,_Mauritius" title="University of Technology, Mauritius">University of Technology, Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_First_University" title="Mohammed First University">Mohammed First University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_University" title="Mohammed V University">Mohammed V University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_al-Qarawiyyin" title="University of al-Qarawiyyin">University of al-Qarawiyyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Mozambique" title="Catholic University of Mozambique">Catholic University of Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Mondlane_University" title="Eduardo Mondlane University">Eduardo Mondlane University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maputo_University" title="Maputo University">Maputo University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_University_of_Management" title="International University of Management">International University of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Namibia University of Science and Technology">Namibia University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Namibia" title="University of Namibia">University of Namibia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdou_Moumouni_University" title="Abdou Moumouni University">Abdou Moumouni University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Institute_of_Mining,_Industry_and_Geology" title="Higher Institute of Mining, Industry and Geology">Higher Institute of Mining, Industry and Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Abacha_American_University_Niger" title="Maryam Abacha American University Niger">Maryam Abacha American University Niger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abia_State_University" title="Abia State University">Abia State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Tafawa_Balewa_University" title="Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University">Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_State_University" title="Adamawa State University">Adamawa State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadu_Bello_University" title="Ahmadu Bello University">Ahmadu Bello University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hikmah_University" title="Al-Hikmah University">Al-Hikmah University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babcock_University" title="Babcock University">Babcock University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayero_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayero University">Bayero University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bells_University_of_Technology" title="Bells University of Technology">Bells University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_University" title="Bowen University">Bowen University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_University" title="Crawford University">Crawford University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_State_University,_Abraka" title="Delta State University, Abraka">Delta State University, Abraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebonyi_State_University" title="Ebonyi State University">Ebonyi State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Technology,_Minna" title="Federal University of Technology, Minna">Federal University of Technology, Minna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Technology,_Owerri" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal University of Technology, Owerri">Federal University of Technology, Owerri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Technology,_Yola" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal University of Technology, Yola">Federal University of Technology, Yola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombe_State_University" title="Gombe State University">Gombe State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogi_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kogi State University">Kogi State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwara_State_University" title="Kwara State University">Kwara State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladoke_Akintola_University_of_Technology" title="Ladoke Akintola University of Technology">Ladoke Akintola University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Okpara_University_of_Agriculture" title="Michael Okpara University of Agriculture">Michael Okpara University of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Open_University_of_Nigeria" title="National Open University of Nigeria">National Open University of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta_University" title="Niger Delta University">Niger Delta University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe_University" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe University">Nnamdi Azikiwe University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osun_State_University" title="Osun State University">Osun State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Atlantic_University" title="Pan-Atlantic University">Pan-Atlantic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemer%27s_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Redeemer's University">Redeemer's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_State_University" title="Rivers State University">Rivers State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Abuja" title="University of Abuja">University of Abuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Africa,_Toru-Orua" title="University of Africa, Toru-Orua">University of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Agriculture,_Abeokuta" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Agriculture, Abeokuta">University of Agriculture, Abeokuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Agriculture,_Makurdi" title="University of Agriculture, Makurdi">University of Agriculture, Makurdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Benin_(Nigeria)" title="University of Benin (Nigeria)">University of Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calabar" title="University of Calabar">University of Calabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ibadan" title="University of Ibadan">University of Ibadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ilorin" title="University of Ilorin">University of Ilorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lagos" title="University of Lagos">University of Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Port_Harcourt" title="University of Port Harcourt">University of Port Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Uyo" title="University of Uyo">University of Uyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_Dan_Fodio_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Usman Dan Fodio University">Usman Dan Fodio University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Nationale_du_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Nationale du Rwanda">Université Nationale du Rwanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Njala_University" title="Njala University">Njala University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sierra_Leone" title="University of Sierra Leone">University of Sierra Leone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benadir_University" title="Benadir University">Benadir University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_University" title="East Africa University">East Africa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puntland_State_University" title="Puntland State University">Puntland State University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Peninsula_University_of_Technology" title="Cape Peninsula University of Technology">Cape Peninsula University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Central University of Technology">Central University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Metropolitan_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University">Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_University" title="North-West University">North-West University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes_University" title="Rhodes University">Rhodes University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town" title="University of Cape Town">University of Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Fort_Hare" title="University of Fort Hare">University of Fort Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">University of Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_KwaZulu-Natal" title="University of KwaZulu-Natal">University of KwaZulu-Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Free_State" title="University of the Free State">University of the Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limpopo" title="University of Limpopo">University of Limpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">University of Pretoria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stellenbosch" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Stellenbosch">University of Stellenbosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Western_Cape" title="University of the Western Cape">University of the Western Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Venda" title="University of Venda">University of Venda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zululand" title="University of Zululand">University of Zululand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu_University" title="Walter Sisulu University">Walter Sisulu University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Juba" title="University of Juba">University of Juba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Imam_El_Mahdi_University" title="El Imam El Mahdi University">El Imam El Mahdi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omdurman_Ahlia_University" title="Omdurman Ahlia University">Omdurman Ahlia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_University" title="Red Sea University">Red Sea University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Sudan University of Science and Technology">University of Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardhi_University" title="Ardhi University">Ardhi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_University_of_Morogoro" title="Muslim University of Morogoro">Muslim University of Morogoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mzumbe_University" title="Mzumbe University">Mzumbe University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_University_of_Tanzania" title="St. Augustine University of Tanzania">St. Augustine University of Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_University_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="The Open University of Tanzania">The Open University of Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dar_es_Salaam" title="University of Dar es Salaam">University of Dar es Salaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_University" title="Zanzibar University">Zanzibar University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Gambia" title="University of the Gambia">University of the Gambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Lom%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Université de Lomé">Université de Lomé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busitema_University" title="Busitema University">Busitema University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Christian_University" title="Uganda Christian University">Uganda Christian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Management_Institute" title="Uganda Management Institute">Uganda Management Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs_University" title="Uganda Martyrs University">Uganda Martyrs University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_University_Zambia" title="Cavendish University Zambia">Cavendish University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperbelt_University" title="Copperbelt University">Copperbelt University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulungushi_University" title="Mulungushi University">Mulungushi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zambia" title="University of Zambia">University of Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Open_University" title="Zambian Open University">Zambian Open University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_University" title="Africa University">Africa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindura_University_of_Science_Education" title="Bindura University of Science Education">Bindura University of Science Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinhoyi_University_of_Technology" title="Chinhoyi University of Technology">Chinhoyi University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Zimbabwe_University" title="Great Zimbabwe University">Great Zimbabwe University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harare_Institute_of_Technology" title="Harare Institute of Technology">Harare Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupane_State_University" title="Lupane State University">Lupane State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_State_University" title="Midlands State University">Midlands State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Science_and_Technology,_Zimbabwe" title="National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe">National University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zimbabwe" title="University of Zimbabwe">University of Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Open_University" title="Zimbabwe Open University">Zimbabwe Open University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foundation_of_Tertiary_Institutions_of_the_Northern_Metropolis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FOTIM" title="Template:FOTIM"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FOTIM" 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Limpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_University" title="North-West University">North-West University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">University of Pretoria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshwane_University_of_Technology" title="Tshwane University of Technology">Tshwane University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaal_University_of_Technology" title="Vaal University of Technology">Vaal University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Venda" title="University of Venda">University of Venda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677993#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406103238">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121559653">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129599822">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/36220-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79138904">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868072q">France</a></span></li><li><span 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