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Disponibil în 42 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGE-mineraal" title="PGE-mineraal – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="PGE-mineraal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_d%27o_plat%C3%ADn" title="Grupo d'o platín – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grupo d'o platín" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="مجموعة البلاتين – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة البلاتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Плацінавыя металы – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Плацінавыя металы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Плятынавыя мэталы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Плятынавыя мэталы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Платинова група – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Платинова група" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinski_metali" title="Platinski metali – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Platinski metali" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_del_plat%C3%AD" title="Grup del platí – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grup del platí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinov%C3%A1_skupina" title="Platinová skupina – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Platinová skupina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BD%C4%95_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Платина ушкăнĕ металĕсем – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Платина ушкăнĕ металĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinmetaller" title="Platinmetaller – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Platinmetaller" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinmetalle" title="Platinmetalle – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Platinmetalle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1_PGM" title="Κοιτάσματα PGM – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοιτάσματα PGM" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum_group" title="Platinum group – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Platinum group" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_del_platino" title="Grupo del platino – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grupo del platino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaatinametallid" title="Plaatinametallid – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Plaatinametallid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گروه پلاتین – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه پلاتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinaryhm%C3%A4" title="Platinaryhmä – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Platinaryhmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_du_platine" title="Groupe du platine – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe du platine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miotail_platanaim" title="Miotail platanaim – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Miotail platanaim" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="קבוצת הפלטינה – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבוצת הפלטינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinski_metali" title="Platinski metali – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Platinski metali" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinacsoport" title="Platinacsoport – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Platinacsoport" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Պլատինային մետաղներ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պլատինային մետաղներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golongan_platina" title="Golongan platina – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Golongan platina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat%C3%ADnuflokkur" title="Platínuflokkur – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Platínuflokkur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalli_del_gruppo_del_platino" title="Metalli del gruppo del platino – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metalli del gruppo del platino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%87%91%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="白金族元素 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="白金族元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B8%88%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="백금족 원소 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백금족 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumpulan_platinum" title="Kumpulan platinum – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kumpulan platinum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinagroep" title="Platinagroep – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Platinagroep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinoides" title="Platinoides – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Platinoides" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Металлы платиновой группы – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Металлы платиновой группы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinov%C3%A1_skupina" title="Platinová skupina – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Platinová skupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinska_skupina" title="Platinska skupina – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Platinska skupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Платински метали – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Платински метали" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinametaller" title="Platinametaller – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Platinametaller" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பிளாட்டினம்-தொகுதி உலோகங்கள் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிளாட்டினம்-தொகுதி உலோகங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platin_grubu_metaller" title="Platin grubu metaller – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Platin grubu metaller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Платиноїди – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Платиноїди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_platin" title="Nhóm platin – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm platin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%91%E6%97%8F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="鉑族金屬 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鉑族金屬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q223995#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-style ambox-style" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; margin-left:-4px">[[wiki]]</span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune nu este în <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikizare" title="Wikipedia:Wikizare">formatul standard</a></b>.<br /> Ștergeți eticheta la încheierea standardizării.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Metale platinice</b>, denumire folosită pentru elementele <a href="/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu">Ruteniu</a> (Ru), <a href="/wiki/Rodiu" title="Rodiu">Rodiu</a> (Rh), <a href="/wiki/Paladiu" title="Paladiu">Paladiu</a> (Pd), <a href="/wiki/Osmiu" title="Osmiu">Osmiu</a> (Os), <a href="/wiki/Iridiu" title="Iridiu">Iridiu</a> (Ir) și <a href="/wiki/Platin%C4%83" title="Platină">Platină</a> (Pt) din a doua și a treia triadă a grupei a VIII-a. În natură se găsesc împreună, în cantități mici în stare nativă, cel mai abundent fiind platina, iar cel mai puțin abundent fiind ruteniul. Extragerea și separarea metalelor platinice reprezintă un proces complicat și laborios, din cauza comportării chimice asemănătoare a acestor elemente. Metalele platinice prezintă, în general, multe asemănări în comportarea lor. Sunt <a href="/wiki/Metale" class="mw-redirect" title="Metale">metale</a> greu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuzibil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuzibil — pagină inexistentă">fuzibile</a>, au densități neobișnuit de mari (în special Os, Ir și Pt). Toate sunt elemente slab electropozitive, cu reactivitate chimică redusă, fiind situate în extremitatea dreaptă a seriei tensiunilor electrochimice. Din această cauză se obțin deosebit de ușor din soluțiile sărurilor lor prin acțiunea unor agenți reducători ca hidrazina, (N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>), hidroxilamină, (NH<sub>2</sub>OH) etc, sau a altor metale. Prezintă o rezistență foarte mare față de mulți agenți chimici, în special față de acizi. Astfel Ru, Os și Ir nu sunt atacate de nici un acid, nici chiar de <a href="/wiki/Apa_regal%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Apa regală">apa regală</a>, care dizolvă doar Pt, Pd și Rh. Cu excepția platinei, metalele platinice se combină la cald cu oxigenul. Rh și Os prezintă cea mai mare afinitate pentru oxigen, Pd și Pt cea mai mică. La cald toate metalele platinice reacționează cu clorul și fluorul. Metalele platinice formează combinații în mai multe stări de oxidare; numai Ru și Os ating însă în unele dintre combinațiile lor (de exemplu MO<sub>4</sub>) <a href="/wiki/Valen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Valență">valența</a> maximă 8, caracteristică grupei. Din acest punct de vedere se observă o asemănare mai mare între perechile de elemente din aceeași coloană verticală și anume: Ru-Os; Rh-Ir; Pd-Pt. Metalele platinice formează un număr imens de combinații complexe, încât se poate spune că în multe cazuri ionii complecși reprezintă forma de existență a acestor elemente în soluție. Au multiple întrebuințări; dintre acestea poate fi menționată folosirea lor la confecționarea de ustensile și diverse accesorii pentru aparate de laborator. Unele ca atare sau sub formă de combinații complexe, au proprietăți catalitice deosebite în cele mai variate tipuri de procese chimice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anomalia_Iridiu">Anomalia Iridiu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metale_platinice&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Anomalia Iridiu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metale_platinice&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Anomalia Iridiu"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aceste 6 metale rare se găsesc peste tot în lume, în concentrații neobișnuit de mari, într-un strat subțire de argilă la limita între <a href="/wiki/Cretacic" title="Cretacic">Cretacic</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ter%C8%9Biar" title="Terțiar">Terțiar</a>, constituind un reper sigur stratigrafic. Concentrația lor mare (de câteva zeci de ori mai mare decât conținutul mediu al lor din scoarța terestră) se explică prin aportul adus de asteroidul care a produs catastrofa planetară de la finele epocii cretacice, acum 65 milioane de ani. Stratul de argilă se mai numește și "<i>Anomalia Iridiu</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metale_platinice&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metale_platinice&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Mica enciclopedie de chimie</i>, Constantin D. Albu și Maria Brezeanu, Edit. Enciclopedia Română, 1974</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metale_platinice&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metale_platinice&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium-Anomalie">http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium-Anomalie</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pt,78.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="platină"><img alt="platină" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pt%2C78.jpg/252px-Pt%2C78.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pt%2C78.jpg/379px-Pt%2C78.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pt%2C78.jpg/504px-Pt%2C78.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>platină</figcaption></figure><p>, </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pt-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="platină"><img alt="platină" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Pt-TableImage.svg/400px-Pt-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Pt-TableImage.svg/600px-Pt-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Pt-TableImage.svg/800px-Pt-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="183" /></a><figcaption>platină</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ir,77.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="iridiu"><img alt="iridiu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ir%2C77.jpg/233px-Ir%2C77.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ir%2C77.jpg/351px-Ir%2C77.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ir%2C77.jpg/466px-Ir%2C77.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>iridiu</figcaption></figure><p>, </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ir-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="iridiu"><img alt="iridiu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ir-TableImage.svg/400px-Ir-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ir-TableImage.svg/600px-Ir-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ir-TableImage.svg/800px-Ir-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="183" /></a><figcaption>iridiu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Os,76.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="osmiu"><img alt="osmiu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Os%2C76.jpg/225px-Os%2C76.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Os%2C76.jpg/338px-Os%2C76.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Os%2C76.jpg/449px-Os%2C76.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>osmiu</figcaption></figure><p>, </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Os-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="osmiu"><img alt="osmiu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Os-TableImage.svg/400px-Os-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Os-TableImage.svg/600px-Os-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Os-TableImage.svg/800px-Os-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>osmiu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ru,44.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ruteniu"><img alt="ruteniu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ru%2C44.jpg/234px-Ru%2C44.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ru%2C44.jpg/352px-Ru%2C44.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ru%2C44.jpg/468px-Ru%2C44.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>ruteniu</figcaption></figure><p>, </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ru-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ruteniu"><img alt="ruteniu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ru-TableImage.svg/400px-Ru-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ru-TableImage.svg/600px-Ru-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ru-TableImage.svg/800px-Ru-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>ruteniu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a 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