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</div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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Claude Ryan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubal_Claude_Ryan" title="Tubal Claude Ryan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tubal Claude Ryan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubal_Claude_Ryan" title="Tubal Claude Ryan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tubal Claude Ryan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تى كلود ريان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تى كلود ريان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" 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style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">T. Claude Ryan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tubal_Claude_Ryan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Tubal_Claude_Ryan.jpg/220px-Tubal_Claude_Ryan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Tubal_Claude_Ryan.jpg/330px-Tubal_Claude_Ryan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Tubal_Claude_Ryan.jpg/440px-Tubal_Claude_Ryan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="876" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1898-01-03</span>)</span>January 3, 1898<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Parsons,_Kansas" title="Parsons, Kansas">Parsons, Kansas</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 11, 1982<span style="display:none">(1982-09-11)</span> (aged 84)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Aviator, aerospace engineer</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tubal Claude Ryan</b> (January 3, 1898 – September 11, 1982) was an American <a href="/wiki/Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviator">aviator</a> born in <a href="/wiki/Parsons,_Kansas" title="Parsons, Kansas">Parsons, Kansas</a>. Ryan was best known for founding several airlines and aviation factories. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryan began his flying career in 1917 when he enrolled in the American School of Aviation in <a href="/wiki/Venice,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice, California">Venice, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After making his first solo flight, he was accepted into the Army Air Service with an under-age waiver. The day that he was to report, the armistice was signed, ending his prospects for a military flying career. Instead, Ryan went to <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_University" title="Oregon State University">Oregon State College</a> and studied mechanical engineering, then was accepted into the Aeronautical Division of the U.S. Army (later known as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">United States Army Air Corps</a>). While in the Army, Ryan learned to fly at <a href="/wiki/March_Joint_Air_Reserve_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="March Joint Air Reserve Base">March Field</a>, California, from where he graduated in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ryan flew forestry patrol duty in northern California and Oregon until 1922, when he formed the Ryan Flying Company. His flying service operated in San Diego using a <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_JN-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtiss JN-4">Curtiss JN-4</a> Jenny for joy-rides, flight instruction and charter trips. In March 1925, Ryan Airlines, Inc. started flying passengers on round trip flights between San Diego and Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-ev_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ev-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working with <a href="/wiki/Hawley_Bowlus" title="Hawley Bowlus">Hawley Bowlus</a>, Ryan converted six government surplus <a href="/wiki/Standard_J-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard J-1">Standard J-1</a> biplanes into Ryan-Standards. Capable of carrying four passengers in a forward cabin, they were powered by a 150-hp <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza" title="Hispano-Suiza">Hispano-Suiza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_career">Business career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Business career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryan_Standard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ryan_Standard.jpg/220px-Ryan_Standard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ryan_Standard.jpg/330px-Ryan_Standard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ryan_Standard.jpg/440px-Ryan_Standard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Ryan-Standard, a Ryan conversion of a <a href="/wiki/Standard_J-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard J-1">Standard J-1</a> trainer</figcaption></figure> <p>One of Ryan's students was a wealthy young stock broker and real-estate developer named Benjamin Franklin Mahoney, with whom Ryan formed a business partnership. Ryan and Mahoney bought the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Cloudster" title="Douglas Cloudster">Douglas Cloudster</a>, which Bowlus modified to carry 10 passengers in comfort. The pilot and co-pilot sat side by side in an open cockpit.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ryan_Airlines">Ryan Airlines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ryan Airlines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryan_M-1_Aero_Digest_December_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ryan_M-1_Aero_Digest_December_1926.jpg/220px-Ryan_M-1_Aero_Digest_December_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ryan_M-1_Aero_Digest_December_1926.jpg/330px-Ryan_M-1_Aero_Digest_December_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ryan_M-1_Aero_Digest_December_1926.jpg/440px-Ryan_M-1_Aero_Digest_December_1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Ryan M-1 in flight, image from Aero Digest December 1926</figcaption></figure> <p>The company's first production aircraft was the <a href="/wiki/Ryan_M-1" title="Ryan M-1">Ryan M-1</a> monoplane <a href="/wiki/Mail_plane" title="Mail plane">mail plane</a>, which flew in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-ev_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ev-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working drawings were to have been provided by William J. Waterhouse and Lloyd Royer at Glendale Airport. They failed to provide a complete set, and instead built their own version, the Waterhouse Cruzair. Ryan And Bowlus completed their own plans and construction, while Jack Northrop, employed by Donald Douglas, worked weekends redesigning key aspects of the M-1.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23–30">: 23–30 </span></sup> </p><p>On 30 November 1926, the Ryan-Mahoney partnership ended when Ryan sold his interest in the Ryan Flying Company and Los-Angeles-San Diego Airline. On 15 July 1927, the company was reorganized as the B. F. Mahoney Aircraft Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 36–37">: 36–37 </span></sup> </p><p>Ryan's role after this point is disputed,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is known that he was not present for the planning and development of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_St._Louis" title="Spirit of St. Louis">Spirit of St. Louis</a> or the related <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Brougham" title="Ryan Brougham">Ryan Brougham</a>, although they were enclosed and enlarged developments of the M-1.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Ryan_Aeronautical_Corporation">The Ryan Aeronautical Corporation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Ryan Aeronautical Corporation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 May 1928, Ryan opened the Ryan Flying School in San Diego. Ryan Airport at Dutch Flats, also offered charter flights and other flying services. The names of these services became known as the T.C. Ryan Flying Service, the T.C. Ryan Flying School, and the T.C. Ryan Aeronautical Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 133–134">: 133–134 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_"new"_Ryan_Aeronautical_Corporation"><span id="The_.22new.22_Ryan_Aeronautical_Corporation"></span>The "new" Ryan Aeronautical Corporation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The "new" Ryan Aeronautical Corporation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryan_ST-A_%E2%80%98NC18923%E2%80%99_(26293565264).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ryan_ST-A_%E2%80%98NC18923%E2%80%99_%2826293565264%29.jpg/220px-Ryan_ST-A_%E2%80%98NC18923%E2%80%99_%2826293565264%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ryan_ST-A_%E2%80%98NC18923%E2%80%99_%2826293565264%29.jpg/330px-Ryan_ST-A_%E2%80%98NC18923%E2%80%99_%2826293565264%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ryan_ST-A_%E2%80%98NC18923%E2%80%99_%2826293565264%29.jpg/440px-Ryan_ST-A_%E2%80%98NC18923%E2%80%99_%2826293565264%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3335" data-file-height="2223" /></a><figcaption>Ryan ST-A in flight</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryan_KDA_Firebee_under_wing_of_Douglas_JD-1_Invader_(color).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ryan_KDA_Firebee_under_wing_of_Douglas_JD-1_Invader_%28color%29.jpg/220px-Ryan_KDA_Firebee_under_wing_of_Douglas_JD-1_Invader_%28color%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ryan_KDA_Firebee_under_wing_of_Douglas_JD-1_Invader_%28color%29.jpg/330px-Ryan_KDA_Firebee_under_wing_of_Douglas_JD-1_Invader_%28color%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ryan_KDA_Firebee_under_wing_of_Douglas_JD-1_Invader_%28color%29.jpg/440px-Ryan_KDA_Firebee_under_wing_of_Douglas_JD-1_Invader_%28color%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="911" /></a><figcaption>Early version of the Ryan Firebee under its carrier aircraft's wing</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1931, Ryan organized his <a href="/wiki/Flight_training" title="Flight training">flying school</a> in San Diego as the Ryan School of Aeronautics, Ltd. In 1935, the corporate name became The <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Aeronautical" title="Ryan Aeronautical">Ryan Aeronautical</a> Company, with the school as a subsidiary. The school used <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Sport_Trainer" title="Great Lakes Sport Trainer">Great Lakes 2T-1 biplanes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ev_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ev-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NZ_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This company was one of many around the country that served the government's need for pilot training through the <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Pilot_Training_Program" title="Civilian Pilot Training Program">Civilian Pilot Training Program</a> as they were increasing their readiness prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Ryan decided to produce his own <a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">trainer aircraft</a>, and returned to manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By June 1934, Ryan, working with engineers Millard Boyd and Will Vandermeer, had designed and built the first <a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">Ryan ST</a>. In 1939, the US military version became the first trainer that was not a biplane.<sup id="cite_ref-ev_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ev-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ST was followed by <b><a href="/wiki/Ryan_S-C" title="Ryan S-C">S-C Sports Coupe</a></b>, with an enclosed side-by-side cabin, although this didn't sell as widely and only 11 were built before the war, and the focus on the ST ended production.<sup id="cite_ref-ev_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ev-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 130">: 130 </span></sup> Ryan developed the <b><a href="/wiki/Ryan_YO-51_Dragonfly" title="Ryan YO-51 Dragonfly">YO-51 Dragonfly</a></b> for observation and liaison, but only built three.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 208–210">: 208–210 </span></sup> </p><p>Later, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Ryan developed the <b><a href="/wiki/Ryan_FR_Fireball" title="Ryan FR Fireball">FR-1 Fireball</a></b> mixed jet/piston power carrier-based fighter of which 66 were delivered to the US Navy. The <b><a href="/wiki/Ryan_XF2R_Dark_Shark" title="Ryan XF2R Dark Shark">XF2R-1 Dark Shark</a></b> replaced the piston engine in the nose with a turboprop.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 211–221">: 211–221 </span></sup> </p><p>After the war, Ryan bought the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Navion" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Navion">North American Navion</a> design and built it as the <b>Ryan Navion</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 222–225">: 222–225 </span></sup> They also developed and produced the <b><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Firebee" title="Ryan Firebee">Firebee</a></b> and related drones, which saw extensive use during the Vietnam War.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 236">: 236 </span></sup> </p><p>They also developed a series of experimental <a href="/wiki/VTOL_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="VTOL aircraft">vertical take off and landing aircraft</a> exploring different ideas, including the <a href="/wiki/Ryan_X-13_Vertijet" title="Ryan X-13 Vertijet"><b>X-13 Vertijet</b></a> tailsitter, the <a href="/wiki/Ryan_VZ-3_Vertiplane" title="Ryan VZ-3 Vertiplane"><b>VZ-3 Vertiplane</b></a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ryan_XV-5_Vertifan" title="Ryan XV-5 Vertifan"><b>XV-5 Vertifan</b></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ryan_XV-8" title="Ryan XV-8"><b>XV-8 Flexible Wing Aerial Utility Vehicle</b></a> although none of these led to a production aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 226–235">: 226–235 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1969, Ryan sold Ryan Aeronautical to the <a href="/wiki/Teledyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Teledyne">Teledyne</a> Corporation, and became a wholly owned subsidiary. The name was changed to Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Company.<sup id="cite_ref-ec_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 237">: 237 </span></sup> The company continued to produce a variety of pilotless drones as well as airframes for the <a href="/wiki/AH-64_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="AH-64 Apache">AH-64 Apache</a> helicopter. Despite there being no connection beyond T. Claude Ryan having founded both, Teledyne-Ryan continues to be claimed as the successor of the company that built the Spirit of St. Louis. Teledyne later sold off the drone division to <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his retirement Ryan formed a new company with his son Jerome to develop and market the <a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST-100_Cloudster" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryan ST-100 Cloudster">Ryan ST-100 Cloudster</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Motor_glider" title="Motor glider">motor glider</a> the elder Ryan had designed. The aircraft was <a href="/wiki/Type_certificate" title="Type certificate">type certified</a> as both a light aircraft and powered glider, but Ryan died before production was commenced and only one was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-SoaringNov83_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoaringNov83-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A7NM_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A7NM-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G1nm_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G1nm-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ryan died September 11, 1982, in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a>. His wife, Zeta Gladys Bowen Ryan, died in 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1948 - <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Certificate_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Certificate of Merit">Presidential Certificate of Merit</a>, given by President Harry S. Truman in recognition of Ryan Aeronautical's contribution to the Allied war effort</li> <li>1958 - <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Alger_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Alger Award">Horatio Alger Award</a></li> <li>1965 - <a href="/wiki/International_Air_%26_Space_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Air & Space Hall of Fame">International Aerospace Hall of Fame</a> inductee</li> <li>1966 - Mr. San Diego, awarded annually by Civic Leaders of San Diego</li> <li>1970 - Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics" title="American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics">American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a></li> <li>1971 - Service to Aviation Award, awarded by the National Business Aircraft Show</li> <li>1974 - <a href="/wiki/National_Aviation_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Aviation Hall of Fame">National Aviation Hall of Fame</a> inductee</li> <li>1975 - Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Experimental_Test_Pilots" title="Society of Experimental Test Pilots">Society of Experimental Test Pilots</a></li> <li>1981 - Aerospace Life Achievement Award, awarded by AIAA San Diego to a living aerospace pioneer with more than fifty years' experience advancing the frontiers of aeronautics</li> <li>1982 - Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics" title="American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics">American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aerofiles.com/bio_r.html">"Claude Ryan."</a> <i>Aerofiles.</i> Retrieved: May 9, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/ryan.htm">"T. Claude Ryan."</a> <i>allstar.</i> Retrieved: May 9, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ec-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCassagneres1982" class="citation book cs1">Cassagneres, Ev (1982). <i>The Spirit of Ryan</i>. Blue Ridge Summit: TAB BOOKS Inc. pp. 8–14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spirit+of+Ryan&rft.place=Blue+Ridge+Summit&rft.pages=8-14&rft.pub=TAB+BOOKS+Inc.&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Cassagneres&rft.aufirst=Ev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Claude+Ryan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ev-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ev_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ev_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ev_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ev_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ev_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassagneres1995" class="citation book cs1">Cassagneres, Ev (1995). <i>The New Ryan: Development and History of the Ryan ST and SC</i>. Eagan: Flying Books International. pp. Introduction, 1–19, 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780911139204" title="Special:BookSources/9780911139204"><bdi>9780911139204</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Ryan%3A+Development+and+History+of+the+Ryan+ST+and+SC&rft.place=Eagan&rft.pages=Introduction%2C+1-19%2C+52&rft.pub=Flying+Books+International&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780911139204&rft.aulast=Cassagneres&rft.aufirst=Ev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Claude+Ryan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassagneres 2002, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charleslindbergh.com/hall/3/letter_fromCal01-1939-post1970.jpg">"Letter 01."</a> <i>charleslindbergh.com.</i> Retrieved: May 9, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charleslindbergh.com/hall/3/letter_fromCal02-1939-post1970.jpg">"Letter 02."</a> <i>charleslindbergh.com.</i> Retrieved: May 9, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charleslindbergh.com/hall/3/letter_fromCal03-1939-post1970.jpg">"Letter 03."</a> <i>charleslindbergh.com.</i> Retrieved: May 9, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charleslindbergh.com/hall/3/letter_fromCal04-1939-post1970.jpg">"Letter 04."</a> <i>charleslindbergh.com.</i> Retrieved: May 9, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzwarbirds.org.nz/ryana.html">"Ryan."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223154514/http://www.nzwarbirds.org.nz/ryana.html">Archived</a> 2007-12-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>New Zealand Warbirds.</i> Retrieved: May 9, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SoaringNov83-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SoaringNov83_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Said, Bob. "1983 Sailplane Directory." <i><a href="/wiki/Soaring_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Soaring Magazine">Soaring Magazine</a>,</i> Soaring Society of America, November 1983, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A7NM-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A7NM_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/0fb4fe001f80c3058525673d00638c6b/$FILE/a7nm.pdf">"Type Certificate Data Sheet No. A7NM."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a>,</i> July 1983. Retrieved: March 16, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G1nm-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G1nm_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/940b653a901a995a852567200050bb46/$FILE/G1nm.PDF">"Type Certificate Data Sheet No. G1nm."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a>,</i> July 1983. Retrieved: March 16, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, San Diego Section. Archival Collection, Applications 1972-1982, San Diego Air & Space Museum Archives.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bowers, Peter M. "The Many Splendid Spirits of St. Louis." <i>Air Progress</i>, Volume 20, No. 6, June 1967.</li> <li>Cassagneres, Ev. <i>The Untold Story of the Spirit of St. Louis: From the Drawing Board to the Smithsonian</i>. New Brighton, Minnesota: Flying Book International, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-911139-32-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-911139-32-X">0-911139-32-X</a>.</li> <li>Hall, Nova. <i>Spirit and Creator: The Mysterious Man Behind Lindbergh's Flight to Paris.</i> Sheffield, Massachusetts: Safe Goods Publishing, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0970296443" title="Special:BookSources/978-0970296443">978-0970296443</a>.</li> <li>Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. <i>These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame</i>. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1578643974" title="Special:BookSources/978-1578643974">978-1578643974</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Claude_Ryan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/ryan.htm">Aerospace Memorial Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060405015944/http://www.horatioalger.com/members/member_info.cfm?memberid=rya58">Horatio Alger Association Membership Profile</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tubal_Claude_Ryan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tubal Claude Ryan">Tubal Claude Ryan</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ryan_aircraft" title="Template:Ryan aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ryan_aircraft" title="Template talk:Ryan aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ryan_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ryan aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aircraft_produced_by_Ryan_Aeronautical_and_Ryan_Airline_Company" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aircraft produced by <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Aeronautical" title="Ryan Aeronautical">Ryan Aeronautical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Airline_Company" title="Ryan Airline Company">Ryan Airline Company</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ryan Airline Company</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_J" title="Standard J">Standard J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Cloudster" title="Douglas Cloudster">Cloudster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_M-1" title="Ryan M-1">M-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_M-1" title="Ryan M-1">M-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_St._Louis" title="Spirit of St. Louis">NYP (<i>Spirit of St. Louis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Brougham" title="Ryan Brougham">Brougham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Foursome" title="Ryan Foursome">Foursome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_S-C" title="Ryan S-C">S-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">S-T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Navion" title="Ryan Navion">Navion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_FR_Fireball" title="Ryan FR Fireball">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_XF2R_Dark_Shark" title="Ryan XF2R Dark Shark">XF2R</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_S-C" title="Ryan S-C">L-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_YO-51_Dragonfly" title="Ryan YO-51 Dragonfly">YO-51</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">YPT-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">PT-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">PT-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_PT-22_Recruit" title="Ryan PT-22 Recruit">PT-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">PT-25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drones/Missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Firebee" title="Ryan Firebee">Firebee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAM-A-1_Firebird" title="AAM-A-1 Firebird">AAM-A-1 Firebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Firebee" title="Ryan Firebee">AQM-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_AQM-91_Firefly" title="Ryan AQM-91 Firefly">AQM-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_YQM-98_R-Tern" title="Ryan YQM-98 R-Tern">YQM-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Model_147" title="Ryan Model 147">Model 147</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental/ Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_X-13_Vertijet" title="Ryan X-13 Vertijet">X-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_VZ-3_Vertiplane" title="Ryan VZ-3 Vertiplane">VZ-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_XV-5_Vertifan" title="Ryan XV-5 Vertifan">XV-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_XV-8" title="Ryan XV-8">XV-8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northrop_Grumman" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northrop_Grumman" title="Template:Northrop Grumman"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northrop_Grumman" title="Template talk:Northrop Grumman"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northrop_Grumman" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northrop Grumman"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northrop_Grumman" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites" title="Scaled Composites">Scaled Composites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADM-160_MALD" title="ADM-160 MALD">ADM-160 MALD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-88E_AARGM" class="mw-redirect" title="AGM-88E AARGM">AGM-88E AARGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-88G_AARGM-ER" class="mw-redirect" title="AGM-88G AARGM-ER">AGM-88G AARGM-ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares (rocket)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/AAQ-37" class="mw-redirect" title="AN/AAQ-37">AN/AAQ-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/APG-77" title="AN/APG-77">AN/APG-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/APG-78_Longbow" title="AN/APG-78 Longbow">AN/APG-78 Longbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/APG-80" title="AN/APG-80">AN/APG-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/APG-81" title="AN/APG-81">AN/APG-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/APG-83" title="AN/APG-83">AN/APG-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/APG-85" title="AN/APG-85">AN/APG-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry#Avionics" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">AN/APY-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/SPQ-9#SPQ-9B" title="AN/SPQ-9">AN/SPQ-9B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/TPQ-36_Firefinder_radar" title="AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder radar">AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/TPS-80_Ground/Air_Task_Oriented_Radar" title="AN/TPS-80 Ground/Air Task Oriented Radar">AN/TPS-80 Ground/Air Task Oriented Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/ZPY-1" title="AN/ZPY-1">AN/ZPY-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Airborne_Communications_Node" title="Battlefield Airborne Communications Node">Battlefield Airborne Communications Node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)" title="Cygnus (spacecraft)">Cygnus (spacecraft)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_Based_Strategic_Deterrent" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground Based Strategic Deterrent">Ground Based Strategic Deterrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMETS" title="IMETS">IMETS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-role_Electronically_Scanned_Array" title="Multi-role Electronically Scanned Array">MESA radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Extension_Vehicle" title="Mission Extension Vehicle">Mission Extension Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_BQM-74_Chukar" title="Northrop BQM-74 Chukar">Northrop BQM-74 Chukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit">Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-21_Raider" title="Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider">Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-2_Hawkeye" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye">Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-8_Joint_STARS" title="Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS">Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_EA-6B_Prowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler">Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-4C_Triton" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton">Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-8_Fire_Scout" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-8 Fire Scout">Northrop Grumman MQ-8 Fire Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_RQ-4_Global_Hawk" title="Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk">Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory" title="Nautilus Deep Space Observatory">Nautilus Deep Space Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Guardian" title="Northrop Grumman Guardian">Northrop Grumman Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmegA" title="OmegA">OmegA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antecedents & <br /> former assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litton_Industries" title="Litton Industries">Litton Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">Northrop Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Assembly" title="Los Angeles Assembly">Los Angeles Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Electronic_Systems" title="Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems">Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sperry_Marine_Northrop_Grumman" title="Sperry Marine Northrop Grumman">Sperry Marine Northrop Grumman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Ship_Systems" title="Northrop Grumman Ship Systems">Northrop Grumman Ship Systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingalls_Shipbuilding" title="Ingalls Shipbuilding">Ingalls Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News_Shipbuilding" title="Newport News Shipbuilding">Newport News Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_School" title="The Apprentice School">The Apprentice School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_ATK" title="Orbital ATK">Orbital ATK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Innovation_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems">Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Aeronautical" title="Ryan Aeronautical">Ryan Aeronautical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xetron" title="Xetron">Xetron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Northrop" title="Jack Northrop">Jack Northrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Grumman" title="Leroy Grumman">Leroy Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_G._Bush" title="Wesley G. Bush">Wesley G. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Rutan" title="Burt Rutan">Burt Rutan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Claude Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_J._Warden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathy J. Warden">Kathy J. Warden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3541762#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3541762#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3541762#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/57943383">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1717537/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcRdY4tHhR93rgdVfryVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81114568">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w68m510t">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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