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mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Заходнія падыходы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходнія падыходы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Западни подходи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Западни подходи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Approaches" title="Western Approaches – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Western Approaches" 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data-title="Atterrages occidentaux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakarin%C4%97s_prieigos" title="Vakarinės prieigos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vakarinės prieigos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81" title="ウェスタンアプローチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェスタンアプローチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Approaches" title="Western Approaches – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Western Approaches" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Западные подходы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западные подходы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ntinen_reitti" title="Läntinen reitti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Läntinen reitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" 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For the 2004 folk album by Steve Knightley, Seth Lakeman and Jenna, see <a href="/wiki/Western_Approaches_(album)" title="Western Approaches (album)">Western Approaches (album)</a>. 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class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Western_Approaches#Disputed" title="Talk:Western Approaches">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Western_Approaches" title="Special:EditPage/Western Approaches">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Western+Approaches%22">"Western Approaches"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Western+Approaches%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Western+Approaches%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Western+Approaches%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Western+Approaches%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Western+Approaches%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Approaches.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Western_Approaches.PNG/220px-Western_Approaches.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Western_Approaches.PNG/330px-Western_Approaches.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Western_Approaches.PNG/440px-Western_Approaches.PNG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Western Approaches</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Western Approaches</b> is an approximately rectangular area of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> lying immediately to the west of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. Its north and south boundaries are defined by the corresponding extremities of Britain. The coast of the mainland forms the eastern side and the western boundary is the 30 degree meridian, which passes through <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>. The area is particularly important to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, because many of its larger shipping ports lie within it.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term is most commonly used when discussing <a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">naval warfare</a>, notably during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a> during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> in which Nazi Germany's <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> attempted to blockade the United Kingdom using <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a> (<a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a>) operating in this area. Since almost all shipping to and from the United Kingdom passed through this area, it was an excellent hunting ground and had to be heavily defended.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Approaches&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIUK_gap" title="GIUK gap">GIUK gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Forties" title="Long Forties">Long Forties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Fourteens" title="Broad Fourteens">Broad Fourteens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Approaches_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Approaches Command">Western Approaches Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Rayner" title="Denys Rayner">Denys Rayner</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Approaches&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625231656/http://www.liverpoolwarmuseum.co.uk/history/">"Liverpool War Museum, Western Approaches, Battle of the Atlantic, Work War II"</a>. 2008-06-25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolwarmuseum.co.uk/history/">the original</a> on 2008-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool+War+Museum%2C+Western+Approaches%2C+Battle+of+the+Atlantic%2C+Work+War+II&rft.date=2008-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolwarmuseum.co.uk%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Approaches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldnavalships.com/forums/thread.php?threadid=13640">"Western Approaches in WW2 World Naval Ships Forums Archive"</a>. <i>www.worldnavalships.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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