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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ett_eller_to_språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ett_eller_to_språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ett eller to språk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ett_eller_to_språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vulgærlatin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 64 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" title="Vulgærlatin – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vulgærlatin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" title="Vulgærlatin – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vulgærlatin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulg%C3%A4rlatin" title="Vulgärlatin – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vulgärlatin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulg%C3%AArlatyn" title="Vulgêrlatyn – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vulgêrlatyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulg%C3%A4rlatein" title="Vulgärlatein – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vulgärlatein" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لاتينية عامية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاتينية عامية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADn_vulgar" title="Latín vulgar – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Latín vulgar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llat%C3%ADn_vulgar" title="Llatín vulgar – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llatín vulgar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulqar_lat%C4%B1n_dili" title="Vulqar latın dili – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vulqar latın dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="প্রাকৃত লাতিন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাকৃত লাতিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thong-sio%CC%8Dk_La-teng-g%C3%AD" title="Thong-sio̍k La-teng-gí – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thong-sio̍k La-teng-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Народная латынь – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Народная латынь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Простонароден латински език – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Простонароден латински език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgarni_latinski_jezik" title="Vulgarni latinski jezik – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vulgarni latinski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llat%C3%AD_vulgar" title="Llatí vulgar – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llatí vulgar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulg%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_latina" title="Vulgární latina – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vulgární latina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lladin_Llafar" title="Lladin Llafar – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lladin Llafar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulg%C3%A4rlatein" title="Vulgärlatein – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vulgärlatein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgaarladina_keel" title="Vulgaarladina keel – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vulgaarladina keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Λαϊκή Λατινική γλώσσα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λαϊκή Λατινική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vulgar Latin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADn_vulgar" title="Latín vulgar – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Latín vulgar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgara_latino" title="Vulgara latino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vulgara latino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_arrunt" title="Latin arrunt – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Latin arrunt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="لاتین عامیانه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاتین عامیانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_vulgaire" title="Latin vulgaire – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Latin vulgaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADn_vulgar" title="Latín vulgar – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Latín vulgar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8D%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%96%B4" title="속라틴어 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="속라틴어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgarni_latinski_jezik" title="Vulgarni latinski jezik – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vulgarni latinski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin_Umum" title="Bahasa Latin Umum – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Latin Umum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_vulgar" title="Latino vulgar – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Latino vulgar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_volgare" title="Latino volgare – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Latino volgare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="לטינית וולגרית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לטינית וולגרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sermo_vulgaris_Latinus" title="Sermo vulgaris Latinus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sermo vulgaris Latinus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautas_lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_valoda" title="Tautas latīņu valoda – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tautas latīņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaudies_lotyn%C5%B3_kalba" title="Liaudies lotynų kalba – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liaudies lotynų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgair_Latien" title="Vulgair Latien – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vulgair Latien" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina_demotica" title="Latina demotica – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Latina demotica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_volgar" title="Latin volgar – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Latin volgar" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulg%C3%A1ris_latin" title="Vulgáris latin – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vulgáris latin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgair_Latijn" title="Vulgair Latijn – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vulgair Latijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="俗ラテン語 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="俗ラテン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_vulgar" title="Latin vulgar – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Latin vulgar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Vulgar" title="Latin Vulgar – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Latin Vulgar" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_volgar" title="Latin volgar – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Latin volgar" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81acina_ludowa" title="Łacina ludowa – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łacina ludowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latim_vulgar" title="Latim vulgar – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Latim vulgar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina_vulgar%C4%83" title="Latina vulgară – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Latina vulgară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Народная латынь – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Народная латынь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vulgar Latin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%A1_latin%C4%8Dina" title="Ľudová latinčina – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľudová latinčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljudska_latin%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Ljudska latinščina – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ljudska latinščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Вулгарни латински језик – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вулгарни латински језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgarni_latinski_jezik" title="Vulgarni latinski jezik – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vulgarni latinski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgaarilatina" title="Vulgaarilatina – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vulgaarilatina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halk_Latincesi" title="Halk Latincesi – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Halk Latincesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1bun_Lati%CC%B1n" title="A̱bun Lati̱n – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱bun Lati̱n" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Народна латина – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Народна латина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="عامیانہ لاطینی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عامیانہ لاطینی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Latinh_th%C3%B4ng_t%E1%BB%A5c" title="Tiếng Latinh thông tục – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Latinh thông tục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patw%C3%A8s_lat%C3%A9n" title="Patwès latén – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Patwès latén" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="通俗拉丁语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="通俗拉丁语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%A9%B1" title="通俗拉丁話 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="通俗拉丁話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="通俗拉丁语 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="通俗拉丁语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37560#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&oldid=24325824" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&id=24325824&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVulg%25C3%25A6rlatin"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVulg%25C3%25A6rlatin"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vulgar_Latin" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37560" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pompeii-graffiti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Pompeii-graffiti.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="91" /></a><figcaption>Vulgærlatin, her i form av politisk <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, var en folkelig talt form av latin.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vulgærlatin</b> (fra latin <i>sermo vulgaris</i>, «alminnelig språk») eller <i>lavlatin</i> er en fellesbetegnelse for de dialekter av <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> som ble talt først og fremst i de vestre provinsene av <a href="/wiki/Romerriket" title="Romerriket">Romerriket</a> inntil disse dialektene utviklet seg til de enkelte <a href="/wiki/Romanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Romanske språk">romanske språkene</a> omkring <a href="/wiki/800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="800-tallet">800-tallet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ett_eller_to_språk"><span id="Ett_eller_to_spr.C3.A5k"></span>Ett eller to språk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ett eller to språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ett eller to språk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noen forskere<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unng%C3%A5_unnvikende_uttrykk" title="Wikipedia:Unngå unnvikende uttrykk"><span title="Foregående påstand må presiseres">hvem?</span></a></i>]</sup> beskriver vulgærlatin og <a href="/wiki/Klassisk_latin" title="Klassisk latin">klassisk latin</a> som to uavhengige språknormer. Det urromanske, som man rekonstruerer ved å sammenligne de senere romanske språk, settes da lik med vulgærlatin. Vulgærlatin og klassisk latin skal ha en forskjellig <a href="/wiki/Fonologi" title="Fonologi">fonologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morfologi_(lingvistikk)" title="Morfologi (lingvistikk)">morfologi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Syntaks" title="Syntaks">syntaks</a>. Forskerne<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unng%C3%A5_unnvikende_uttrykk" title="Wikipedia:Unngå unnvikende uttrykk"><span title="Foregående påstand må presiseres">hvem?</span></a></i>]</sup> støtter seg spesielt til stavefeil og grammatikalske feil i innskriftene, ikke minst i <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>. En annen kilde til vulgærlatin er de frigitte slavenes replikker i <a href="/wiki/Petronius" title="Petronius">Petronius</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Satyricon_(roman)" title="Satyricon (roman)">Satyricon</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/100-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="100-tallet">100-tallet e.Kr.</a>). </p><p>Andre forskere<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unng%C3%A5_unnvikende_uttrykk" title="Wikipedia:Unngå unnvikende uttrykk"><span title="Foregående påstand må presiseres">hvem?</span></a></i>]</sup> fremhever at det latinske språket tross alt er enhetlig fram til oldtidens slutt og stykkes opp i <a href="/wiki/Middelalderen" title="Middelalderen">middelalderen</a>. Vulgærlatin og klassisk latin er for dem ikke to språk, men kun to ytterpunkter i en sosiolingvistisk kontinuitet. Noen ord og former var mer høytidelige og andre mer hverdagslige, men overgangen var glidende. <a href="/wiki/Cicero" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> skrev et utpreget klassisk latin, men i brev, som ligger nærmere dagligspråket, har han ofte ord som man ellers ikke vil forvente å finne i litteraturen, f.eks. <i>bucca</i>, «munn» og <i>auricula</i>, «øre».<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> Det avgjørende skille mellom klassisk latin og romanske språk skjer først i begynnelsen av middelalderen (den første tekst på et romansk språk er <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg-edene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strasbourg-edene (ikke skrevet ennå)">Strasbourg-edene</a></i> fra <a href="/wiki/842" title="842">842</a>).<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Battisti, C. (1949 ): <i>Avviamiento allo studio del latino volgare</i>. Bari, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22768083">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2093856">2093856</a></li> <li>Díaz Y Díaz, M. C. (1962): <i>Antología del latín vulgar</i>. Ed. Gredos, Madrid, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22768083"><a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/308440">308440</a></li> <li>Grandgent, C. H. (1970): <i>Introducción al Latín Vulgar</i>. Trad. Madrid, CSIC, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22768083"><a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/475678734">475678734</a></li> <li>Harrington, K. P.; Pucci, J.; Elliott, A. G. (1997): <i>Medieval Latin</i>. University of Chicago Press, 2. utg., <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0226317129" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-226-31712-9</a>.</li> <li>Herman, J. (1997): <i>El latín vulgar</i>. Trad., intr., índice y bibliografía de C. Arias Abellán. Red. Ariel, Barcelona, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8434482193" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 84-344-8219-3</a>.</li> <li>Vincent, N. (1990): «Latin» i: Harris, M. & Vincent, N., red.: <i>The Romance Languages</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0195208293" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-520829-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulg%C3%A6rlatin&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vulgar_Latin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37560?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li>Batzarov, Zdravko (2000): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190953/http://www.orbilat.com/index.html">«Orbis Latinus»</a>.</li> <li>Norberg, Dag; Johnson, R.H., overs. (2009) [1980]: «Latin at the End of the Imperial Age». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005013408/http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Latin_Medieval/Dag_Norberg/01.html"><i>Manuel pratique de latin médiéval</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press, Orbis Latinus.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090404051526/http://kaali.linguist.jussieu.fr/CGL/text.jsp">«Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum»</a>. Paris: Laboratoire d'Histoire des théories linguistiques. 2008.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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språkhistorie"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Latinsk_spr%C3%A5khistorie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Latinsk språkhistorie (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Latinsk_spr%C3%A5khistorie" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Latinsk språkhistorie"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latinsk_språkhistorie" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latinsk språkhistorie</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><table align="center"><tbody><tr><td><i>—75 f. Kr.</i>   </td><td><i>75 f. Kr. – 1. årh.</i>   </td><td><i>2. årh. – 8. årh.</i>   </td><td><i>9. årh. – 15. årh.</i>   </td><td><i>15. årh. – 17. årh.</i>   </td><td><i>17. årh. – nåtiden</i></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gammellatin" title="Gammellatin">Gammellatin</a>   </td><td><a href="/wiki/Klassisk_latin" title="Klassisk latin">Klassisk latin</a>   </td><td><a href="/wiki/Senlatin" title="Senlatin">Senlatin</a>   </td><td><a href="/wiki/Middelalderlatin" title="Middelalderlatin">Middelalderlatin</a>   </td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renessanselatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renessanselatin (ikke skrevet ennå)">Renessanselatin</a>   </td><td><a href="/wiki/Nylatin" title="Nylatin">Nylatin</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/vulgærlatin">Store norske leksikon</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/vulgærlatin">Store Danske Encyklopædi</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vulgar-Latin">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/vulg%C3%A4rlatein">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/vulg%C3%A4rlatin">Nationalencyklopedin</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120386-0">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85074964">LCCN</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932234t">BNF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932234t">BNF (data)</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph821539">NKC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24790658">.mw-parser-output .spire{clear:both;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-radius:2px;padding:0.325rem;padding-left:3rem;margin:0.5rem 0;font-size:0.8125rem;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Stub_W.svg"),url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Emojione_1F331.svg"),url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Grass_compartment.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:0.5rem center,bottom right 0.5rem,bottom -2.1rem right -4rem;background-size:2rem,1.8rem,10rem;padding-right:3rem;text-align:start}</style> <div class="spire plainlinks">Denne artikkelen er en <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spire" title="Wikipedia:Spire">spire</a></b>. 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