CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Botswana - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )afwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januarie","Februarie","Maart","April","Mei","Junie","Julie","Augustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"a0b90280-d07f-458c-8232-cef75f89d914","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Botswana","wgTitle":"Botswana","wgCurRevisionId":2711521,"wgRevisionId":2711521,"wgArticleId":41,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam","AS1-foute: tydskrif ontbreek","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Pages using ISBN magic links","Artikels met BIBSYS-identifiseerders","Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders","Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders","Artikels met GND-identifiseerders","Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders","Artikels met ISNI-identifiseerders","Artikels met KULTURNAV-identifiseerders","Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders", "Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders","Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders","Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders","Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders","Artikels met NLA-identifiseerders","Artikels met NLI-identifiseerders","Artikels met NLK-identifiseerders","Artikels met NSK-identifiseerders","Artikels met RERO-identifiseerders","Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders","Artikels met Trove-identifiseerders","Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders","Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders","Normdata met 20 elemente","Voorbladartikels","Botswana","Britse Statebond","Voormalige Britse kolonies"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"af","wgPageContentLanguage":"af","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Botswana","wgRelevantArticleId":41,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"af","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"af"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q963","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/800px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/640px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Botswana - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Wysig" href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Botswana rootpage-Botswana skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Hoofkieslys </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z">Tuisblad</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels">Gebruikersportaal</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake">Geselshoekie</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r">Onlangse wysigings</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x">Lukrake bladsy</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets">Hulp</a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput">Sandput</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Soek </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Voorkoms </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class="">Skenkings</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Botswana" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class="">Skep gebruiker</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Botswana" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Meld aan</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Persoonlike gereedskap </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af">Skenkings</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Botswana" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."> Skep gebruiker</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Botswana" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"> Meld aan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering">leer meer</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Bydraes</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n">Bespreking</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etimologie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geskiedenis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vroeë_geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Vroeë geskiedenis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uitwerking_van_die_Mfecane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uitwerking_van_die_Mfecane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Uitwerking van die Mfecane </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uitwerking_van_die_Mfecane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolonialisme_en_Betsjoeanaland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolonialisme_en_Betsjoeanaland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Kolonialisme en Betsjoeanaland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolonialisme_en_Betsjoeanaland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ná_onafhanklikheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ná_onafhanklikheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Ná onafhanklikheid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ná_onafhanklikheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geografie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Geografie subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Klimaat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Ekologie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omgewingsprobleme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omgewingsprobleme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Omgewingsprobleme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omgewingsprobleme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politiek </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politiek-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Politiek subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Politiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Regering </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regbank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regbank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Regbank </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regbank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buitelandse_betrekkinge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buitelandse_betrekkinge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Buitelandse betrekkinge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buitelandse_betrekkinge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buitelandse_militêre_en_veiligheidsbetrekkinge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buitelandse_militêre_en_veiligheidsbetrekkinge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Buitelandse militêre en veiligheidsbetrekkinge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buitelandse_militêre_en_veiligheidsbetrekkinge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menseregte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menseregte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Menseregte </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menseregte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administratiewe_indelings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administratiewe_indelings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Administratiewe indelings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administratiewe_indelings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Ekonomie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mynbou" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mynbou"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Mynbou </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mynbou-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wetenskap_en_Tegnologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wetenskap_en_Tegnologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Wetenskap en Tegnologie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wetenskap_en_Tegnologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer,_energie_en_infrastruktuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer,_energie_en_infrastruktuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Vervoer, energie en infrastruktuur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vervoer,_energie_en_infrastruktuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toerisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toerisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Toerisme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toerisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Demografie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Demografie subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etniese_groepe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etniese_groepe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Etniese groepe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etniese_groepe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Tale </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Godsdienste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Godsdienste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Godsdienste </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Godsdienste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Kultuur </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Kultuur subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmbedryf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmbedryf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Filmbedryf </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmbedryf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Musiek </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visuele_kunste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visuele_kunste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Visuele kunste </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visuele_kunste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kookkuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kookkuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Kookkuns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kookkuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderwys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderwys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Onderwys </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onderwys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gesondheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gesondheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Gesondheid </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gesondheid-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Gesondheid subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Gesondheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oorsig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oorsig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Oorsig </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oorsig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MIV/vigs-epidemie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MIV/vigs-epidemie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 MIV/vigs-epidemie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MIV/vigs-epidemie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sien ook </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Verwysings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Bronnelys </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdere_leesstof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdere_leesstof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Verdere leesstof </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdere_leesstof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Eksterne skakels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Wissel die inhoudsopgawe </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Botswana</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 258 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-258" aria-hidden="true" > 258 tale </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A6%E1%89%B5%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%93" title="ቦትስዋና – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቦትስዋና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuwana" title="Botsuwana – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Botsuwana" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="बोत्स्वाना – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बोत्स्वाना" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوتسوانا – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوتسوانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوطسوانا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بوطسوانا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوتسوانا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوتسوانا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="বৎচোৱানা – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বৎচোৱানা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butswana" title="Butswana – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Butswana" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوتسوانا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوتسوانا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Батсвана – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Батсвана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Батсвана – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Батсвана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boswana" title="Boswana – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Boswana" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="बोत्सवाना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बोत्सवाना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="বতসোয়ানা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বতসোয়ানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="བྷོ་ཙི་ཝ་ན། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བྷོ་ཙི་ཝ་ན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="বোৎসোয়ানা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বোৎসোয়ানা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocvana" title="Bocvana – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bocvana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%86%E1%8F%A3%E1%8F%A9%E1%8E%BE" title="ᏆᏣᏩᎾ – Cherokees" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏆᏣᏩᎾ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokees" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بۆتسوانا – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆتسوانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botazuana" title="Botazuana – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Botazuana" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="बोत्सवाना – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बोत्सवाना" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%AE%DE%93%DE%AA%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%88%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A7" title="ބޮޓުސްވާނާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބޮޓުސްވާނާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Μποτσουάνα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μποτσουάνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocvano" title="Bocvano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bocvano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوتسوانا – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوتسوانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsouana" title="Botsouana – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Botsouana" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Bhotsu%C3%A1in" title="An Bhotsuáin – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Bhotsuáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votusuana" title="Votusuana – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Votusuana" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE" title="બોત્સવાના – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બોત્સવાના" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target">Farefare</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Votswaan" title="Yn Votswaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Votswaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botuana" title="Botuana – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Botuana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="בוטסואנה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוטסואנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="बोत्सवाना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोत्सवाना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocvana" title="Bocvana – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bocvana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%BD%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Բոտսվանա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոտսվանա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Պոթսուանա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պոթսուանա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Ibanees" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibanees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paasuana" title="Paasuana – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Paasuana" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%84%E3%83%AF%E3%83%8A" title="ボツワナ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボツワナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswaana" title="Botswaana – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Botswaana" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/botsuanas" title="botsuanas – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="botsuanas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ბოტსვანა – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოტსვანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butswana" title="Butswana – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Butswana" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94c%C9%A9waanaa" title="Pɔcɩwaanaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɔcɩwaanaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಬೋಟ್ಸ್ವಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೋಟ್ಸ್ವಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%B8%A0%EC%99%80%EB%82%98" title="보츠와나 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보츠와나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Keuls" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Keuls" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2" title="ປະເທດບົດສະວານາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດບົດສະວານາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsv%C4%81na" title="Botsvāna – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Botsvāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B4tsoana" title="Bôtsoana – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bôtsoana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poriwana" title="Poriwana – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Poriwana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Боцвана – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Боцвана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8" title="ബോട്സ്വാന – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോട്സ്വാന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯕꯣꯇ꯭ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯅꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯣꯇ꯭ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯅꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="बोत्स्वाना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बोत्स्वाना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabotsuana" title="Zabotsuana – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Zabotsuana" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဘော့ဆွာနာနိုင်ငံ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘော့ဆွာနာနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوتسوانا – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بوتسوانا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="बोत्स्वाना – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बोत्स्वाना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="बोत्स्वाना – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बोत्स्वाना" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%93%DF%90%DF%95%DF%91%DF%9B%DF%8E%DF%A5%DF%A3%DF%8A%DF%AB" title="ߓߐߕߑߛߎߥߣߊ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߓߐߕߑߛߎߥߣߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halch%C3%AD%C3%ADtah_Naakaii_%C5%81izhin%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Halchíítah Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Halchíítah Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootiswaanaa" title="Bootiswaanaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bootiswaanaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Ботсванæ – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ботсванæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬੋਤਸਵਾਨਾ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੋਤਸਵਾਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="बोत्सवाना – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="बोत्सवाना" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوٹسوانا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بوٹسوانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوتسوانا – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بوتسوانا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putsuwana" title="Putsuwana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Putsuwana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="बोत्सवाना – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बोत्सवाना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱵᱳᱛᱥᱳᱣᱟᱱᱟ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱳᱛᱥᱳᱣᱟᱱᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوٽسوانا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بوٽسوانا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocvana" title="Bocvana – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bocvana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butswana" title="Butswana – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Butswana" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9D%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းပွတ်ႉသဝႃႇၼႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပွတ်ႉသဝႃႇၼႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="බොට්ස්වානාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බොට්ස්වානාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocvana" title="Bocvana – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bocvana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vutswana" title="Vutswana – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vutswana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Боцвана – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Боцвана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89Butjw%C3%A1na" title="ÉButjwána – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="ÉButjwána" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Suid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Suid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="போட்சுவானா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போட்சுவானா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="బోత్సువానా – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బోత్సువానా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศบอตสวานา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศบอตสวานา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A6%E1%89%B5%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%93" title="ቦትስዋና – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቦትስዋና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvan%C9%99" title="Botsvanə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Botsvanə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potisiuana" title="Potisiuana – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Potisiuana" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوتسۋانا – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بوتسۋانا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ботсвана – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ботсвана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوٹسوانا – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بوٹسوانا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Botsvana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhu-Tswana" title="Vhu-Tswana – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Vhu-Tswana" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Botsuana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botsvan" title="Botsvan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Botsvan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvan%C3%A4n" title="Zvanän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zvanän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boswana" title="Boswana – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Boswana" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E8%8C%A8%E7%93%A6%E7%BA%B3" title="博茨瓦纳 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="博茨瓦纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBotswana" title="IBotswana – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IBotswana" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ბოტსვანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბოტსვანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="באצוואנע – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באצוואנע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2tsw%C3%A1n%C3%A0" title="Bòtswánà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bòtswánà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴱⵓⵜⵙⵡⴰⵏⴰ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⵓⵜⵙⵡⴰⵏⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%AD%E9%82%A3" title="波札那 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波札那" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%AD%E9%82%A3" title="波札那 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="波札那" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Botswana" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E8%8F%AF%E6%8B%BF" title="波茨華拿 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波茨華拿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IButswana" title="IButswana – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IButswana" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c">Bladsy</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Botswana" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t">Bespreking</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Afrikaans </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Botswana">Lees</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v">Wysig</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e">Wysig bron</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h">Wys geskiedenis</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Gereedskap </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Botswana">Lees</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v">Wysig</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e">Wysig bron</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=history">Wys geskiedenis</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Botswana" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j">Skakels hierheen</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Botswana" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k">Verwante veranderings</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q">Spesiale bladsye</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&oldid=2711521" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy">Permanente skakel</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=info" title="More information about this page">Bladinligting</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Botswana&id=2711521&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys">Haal dié blad aan</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBotswana">Kry verkorte URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBotswana">Laai QR-kode af</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Botswana">Skep boek</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Botswana&action=show-download-screen">Laai af as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p">Drukbare weergawe</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Botswana" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q963" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata-item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="4" style="width: 250px; font-size: 88%;"> <caption style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 120%;">Republiek Botswana Lefatshe la Botswana (<a href="/wiki/Tswana" title="Tswana">Tswana</a>) Republic of Botswana (<a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 95%;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Botswana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Botswana"><img alt="Vlag van Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/125px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/188px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/250px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapen van Botswana"><img alt="Wapen van Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="454" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Botswana" title="Vlag van Botswana">Vlag</a> </td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wapen_van_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wapen van Botswana (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wapen</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_nasionale_leuses" title="Lys van nasionale leuses">Nasionale leuse</a>: Pula (Tswana vir: "Reën") </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Volkslied" title="Volkslied">Volkslied</a>: Fatshe leno la rona (Tswana vir: "Geseënd is die edele land") <center><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="57" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Fatshe_leno_la_rona.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Fatshe_leno_la_rona.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Fatshe_leno_la_rona.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Fatshe_leno_la_rona.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Fatshe_leno_la_rona.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Fatshe_leno_la_rona.ogg&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Fatshe_leno_la_rona.ogg&lang=sl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sl" label="slovenščina ‪(sl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Fatshe_leno_la_rona.ogg&lang=tn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tn" label="Setswana ‪(tn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Location_Botswana_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging van Botswana"><img alt="Ligging van Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Location_Botswana_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Botswana_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Location_Botswana_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Botswana_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Location_Botswana_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Botswana_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Botswana&language=af&params=24_40_S_25_55_O_">24°40′S 25°55′O / 24.667°S 25.917°O / -24.667; 25.917</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grootste stad </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">Amptelike tale</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tswana" title="Tswana">Tswana</a> en <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_regeringstipe" title="Lys van lande volgens regeringstipe">Regering</a> <div style="text-align: left;"> • <a href="/wiki/President_van_Botswana" title="President van Botswana">President</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjunkpresident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adjunkpresident (bladsy bestaan nie)">Adjunkpresident</a></div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">Unitêre parlementêre grondwetlike <a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">republiek</a> <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ndaba_Gaolathe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ndaba Gaolathe (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ndaba Gaolathe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_onafhanklikheidsdatum" title="Lys van lande volgens onafhanklikheidsdatum">Onafhanklikheid</a> <div style="text-align: left;">• <a href="/wiki/Betsjoeanaland" title="Betsjoeanaland">Betsjoeanaland</a> • Huidige grondwet </div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">van die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> <a href="/wiki/31_Maart" title="31 Maart">31 Maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a> <a href="/wiki/30_September" title="30 September">30 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a>  - Totaal    - Water (%) </td> <td>  581 730<a href="#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> km2  (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_oppervlak" title="Lys van lande volgens oppervlak">50ste</a>) 224 607 myl2 2,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">Bevolking</a>  - 2024-skatting  - 2022-sensus  - <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a> </td> <td>  2 450 668<a href="#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">146ste</a>) 2 359 609<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> 4,2 / km2 (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolkingsdigtheid">231ste</a>) 10,9 / myl2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit">KKP</a>)  - Totaal  - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting $53,642 miljard<a href="#cite_note-imf2-3">[3]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)">124ste</a>) $19 723<a href="#cite_note-imf2-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit) per capita">(83ste)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">BBP</a> (nominaal)  - Totaal  - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting $19,966 miljard<a href="#cite_note-imf2-3">[3]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">122ste</a>) $7 341<a href="#cite_note-imf2-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)_per_capita" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal) per capita">(87ste)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Menslike_ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Menslike ontwikkelingsindeks">MOI</a> (<a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a> 0,708<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_Menslike_Ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens Menslike Ontwikkelingsindeks">114de</a>)  –  hoog </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gini-ko%C3%ABffisi%C3%ABnt" title="Gini-koëffisiënt">Gini</a> (<a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>) </td> <td>53,3<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> –  baie hoog </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geld" title="Geld">Geldeenheid</a> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Botswana_pula" title="Botswana pula">Pula</a> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">BWP</a></code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tydsone" title="Tydsone">Tydsone</a>  - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Afrika_Tyd" title="Sentraal-Afrika Tyd">SAT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">+2</a>) nie toegepas nie (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">+2</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Internettopvlakdomeine" title="Lys van Internettopvlakdomeine">Internet-TLD</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/.bw" title=".bw">.bw</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_landskakelkodes" title="Lys van landskakelkodes">Skakelkode</a> </td> <td>+267 </td></tr></tbody></table> Botswana, amptelik die Republiek Botswana (<a href="/wiki/Tswana" title="Tswana">Tswana</a>: Lefatshe la Botswana, <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>: Republic of Botswana), is ’n <a href="/wiki/Landingeslote_land" title="Landingeslote land">landingeslote land</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suider-Afrika" title="Suider-Afrika">Suider-Afrika</a>. Die land was voorheen die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Britse</a> <a href="/wiki/Protektoraat" title="Protektoraat">protektoraat</a> <a href="/wiki/Betsjoeanaland" title="Betsjoeanaland">Betsjoeanaland</a> binne die <a href="/wiki/Volkebond" title="Volkebond">Volkebond</a>. Met onafhanklikheid op 30 September 1966 verander die land se naam na Botswana.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Sedertdien handhaaf Botswana ’n tradisie van ’n stabiele verteenwoordigende republiek met ’n konsekwente stelsel van ononderbroke demokratiese verkiesings<a href="#cite_note-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids-7">[7]</a> en die beste posisie van <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> in die wêreldwye <a href="/wiki/Korrupsie" title="Korrupsie">korrupsie</a>-indeks sedert sowat 1998.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Dit is nou Afrika se oudste deurlopende demokrasie.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Botswana_sat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Botswana_sat.png/220px-Botswana_sat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Botswana_sat.png/330px-Botswana_sat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Botswana_sat.png/440px-Botswana_sat.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa">Nasa</a>-Satellietbeeld van Botswana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Kaart_Botswana.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kaart_Botswana.png/220px-Kaart_Botswana.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Kaart_Botswana.png 1.5x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Botswana</figcaption></figure> Botswana is ’n droë en topografies platte land, sowat 70% van sy oppervlakte word deur die <a href="/wiki/Kalahari" title="Kalahari">Kalahariwoestyn</a> beslaan, terwyl die noordooste deur die <a href="/wiki/Okavangodelta" title="Okavangodelta">Okavangodelta</a> oorheers word. Dit word deur <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> in die suide en suidooste, <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a> in die weste en noorde, en <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> in die noordooste begrens. Die grens met <a href="/wiki/Zambi%C3%AB" title="Zambië">Zambië</a> in die noorde naby <a href="/wiki/Kazungula" title="Kazungula">Kazungula</a> is swak gedefinieer maar is hoogstens ’n paar honderd meter lank.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Volgens ander menings ontmoet die grense van die vier lande Botswana, Namibië, Zambië en Zimbabwe op een enkele punt en sal vervolgens die enigste internasionale vierlandepunt wêreldwyd vorm.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Dié moontlike vierlandepunt is egter sonder algemene internasionale erkenning.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Hiervan hang ook die aantal buurlande van Botswana af: drie of vier. In die noorde word Botswana deur die smal Namibiese <a href="/wiki/Kaprivistrook" title="Kaprivistrook">Kaprivistrook</a> van <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> geskei. Die eerste inwoners van die hedendaagse Botswana was sedert 25 000 v.C. die <a href="/wiki/Boesmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Boesmans">Boesmans</a> wat vir hul <a href="/wiki/Boesmanrotskuns" title="Boesmanrotskuns">rotstekeninge</a> orals in Suider-Afrika bekend staan en veral <a href="/wiki/Jagter-versamelaar" title="Jagter-versamelaar">jagter-versamelaars</a> was. Die <a href="/wiki/Bantoevolke" title="Bantoevolke">Bantoevolke</a> het sowat 1000 jaar gelede Suider-Afrika binne beweeg en hulle hier as <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbouers</a> en veewagters gevestig. Die land se bevolking bestaan veral uit <a href="/wiki/Tswanas" title="Tswanas">Batswana</a> en hul taal is Setswana, ook bekend as Tswana. Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Wedloop_om_Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedloop om Afrika">Wedloop om Afrika</a> het die hedendaagse Botswana in 1885 ’n Britse <a href="/wiki/Protektoraat" title="Protektoraat">protektoraat</a> geword, <a href="/wiki/Betsjoeanaland" title="Betsjoeanaland">Betsjoeanaland</a>, om te verhoed dat die gebied by die <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek" title="Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek">Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duits-Suidwes-Afrika" title="Duits-Suidwes-Afrika">Duits-Suidwes-Afrika</a> ingelyf word. Op 30 September 1966 het die land van die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> onafhanklik geword en sy naam na Botswana (“land van die Tswanas”) verander.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Botswana is ’n middelgroot land van sowat 2,4 miljoen mense en is een van die <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolkingsdigtheid">mins bevolkte lande</a> wêreldwyd. Sowat 10% van die bevolking bly in die hoofstad en grootste stad <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a>. Botswana was eens een van die armste lande ter wêreld — met ’n BBP per kapita van sowat VS$70 per jaar in die laat 1960’s — maar het sedertdien homself in ’n land met ’n hoër middelinkomste met een van die wêreld se snelgroeiendste ekonomieë omgeskep.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Die ekonomie, nou verbonde aan <a href="/wiki/Ekonomie_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Ekonomie van Suid-Afrika">dié van Suid-Afrika</a>, word oorheers deur <a href="/wiki/Mynbou" title="Mynbou">mynbou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bees" title="Bees">beesboerdery</a> en <a href="/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme">toerisme</a>. Botswana spog met ’n BBP (<a href="/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit">Koopkragpariteit</a>) per kapita van omtrent $17 500 per jaar in 2023, een van die hoogstes in Afrika.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Sy hoë bruto nasionale inkomste (volgens sommige ramings die vierde grootste in Afrika) gee die land ’n relatief hoë lewenstandaard en die hoogste <a href="/wiki/Menslike-ontwikkelingsindeks" title="Menslike-ontwikkelingsindeks">Menslike-ontwikkelingsindeks</a> van die vastelandse <a href="/wiki/Afrika_suid_van_die_Sahara" title="Afrika suid van die Sahara">Afrika suid van die Sahara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Botswana is ’n lidland van die <a href="/wiki/Afrika-unie" title="Afrika-unie">Afrika-unie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suider-Afrikaanse_Doeane-unie" title="Suider-Afrikaanse Doeane-unie">Suider-Afrikaanse Doeane-unie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suider-Afrikaanse_Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap" title="Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap">Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beweging_van_Onverbonde_Lande" title="Beweging van Onverbonde Lande">Beweging van Onverbonde Lande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britse_Statebond" title="Britse Statebond">Britse Statebond</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a>. Die land word erg deur die <a href="/wiki/MIV" title="MIV">MIV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vigs" title="Vigs">Vigs</a>-epidemie geraak. Ten spyte van die sukses om behandelings beskikbaar te stel aan diegene wat besmet is, en om die bevolking algemeen in te lig oor hoe om die verspreiding van MIV/vigs te stop, het die aantal mense met MIV/Vigs van 290 000 in 2005 tot 320 000 in 2013 gestyg.<a href="#cite_note-Gap-17">[17]</a> Soos in 2014 het Botswana die derde hoogste voorkomsskoers vir MIV/vigs, aangesien ongeveer 20% van die bevolking besmet is.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Daarbenewens sal in die nabye toekoms veral die <a href="/wiki/Aardverwarming" title="Aardverwarming">aardverwarming</a> en die tekort aan <a href="/wiki/Vars_water" title="Vars water">vars water</a> die grootste uitdagings vir Botswana wees. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die landsnaam beteken “land van die Tswanas” en verwys na die dominerende <a href="/wiki/Etniese_groep" title="Etniese groep">etniese groep</a> van Botswana.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Die term Batswana is oorspronklik op die Tswanas toegepas, wat nog steeds die geval is.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Dit word egter ook algemeen as ’n demoniem vir alle burgers van Botswana gebruik, ongeag hul etniese agtergrond.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroeë_geskiedenis">Vroeë geskiedenis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Vroeë geskiedenis">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Two_Rhino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Two_Rhino.jpg/220px-Two_Rhino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Two_Rhino.jpg/330px-Two_Rhino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Two_Rhino.jpg/440px-Two_Rhino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1339" /></a><figcaption>Rotstekeninge by <a href="/wiki/Tsodilo" title="Tsodilo">Tsodilo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sameul_Daniell_-_Khoisan_besig_om_sprinkane_te_braai_-_1804.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sameul_Daniell_-_Khoisan_besig_om_sprinkane_te_braai_-_1804.jpg/220px-Sameul_Daniell_-_Khoisan_besig_om_sprinkane_te_braai_-_1804.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sameul_Daniell_-_Khoisan_besig_om_sprinkane_te_braai_-_1804.jpg/330px-Sameul_Daniell_-_Khoisan_besig_om_sprinkane_te_braai_-_1804.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sameul_Daniell_-_Khoisan_besig_om_sprinkane_te_braai_-_1804.jpg/440px-Sameul_Daniell_-_Khoisan_besig_om_sprinkane_te_braai_-_1804.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption>Khoisan besig om sprinkane te braai – akwatint in kleur deur <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Daniell" title="Samuel Daniell">Samuel Daniell</a> in 1804</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:BARROW(1806)_p455_BOOSHUANA_VILLAGE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BARROW%281806%29_p455_BOOSHUANA_VILLAGE.jpg/220px-BARROW%281806%29_p455_BOOSHUANA_VILLAGE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BARROW%281806%29_p455_BOOSHUANA_VILLAGE.jpg/330px-BARROW%281806%29_p455_BOOSHUANA_VILLAGE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BARROW%281806%29_p455_BOOSHUANA_VILLAGE.jpg/440px-BARROW%281806%29_p455_BOOSHUANA_VILLAGE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1027" /></a><figcaption>Britse koloniale tekening van ’n “Booshuana-dorp” in 1806</figcaption></figure> Volgens argeologiese opgrawings is Botswana sedert sowat twee miljoen jaar deur <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">hominidae</a> bevolk. Klipwerktuie en fauna-oorblyfsels getuig daarvan, dat alle dele van die land minstens sedert 400 000 jaar bevolk is.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In Oktober 2019 het navorsers bekend gemaak dat Botswana sowat 200 000 jaar gelede die Wieg van die moderne <a href="/wiki/Mens" title="Mens">mens</a> was.<a href="#cite_note-NAT-20191028-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-SA-20191028-23">[23]</a> Getuienisse van moderne mense soos rotstekeninge is sowat 73 000 jaar oud.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Die oorspronklike inwoners van Suider-Afrika is die <a href="/wiki/Boesman" title="Boesman">Boesman</a> (San) en <a href="/wiki/Khoikhoi" title="Khoikhoi">Khoikhoi</a>-volke, wat dikwels onder die sambreelterm <a href="/wiki/Khoisan" title="Khoisan">Khoisan</a> saamgevat word. Albei praat <a href="/wiki/Khoisan-tale" title="Khoisan-tale">Khoisan-tale</a>, en hulle het oor lang afstande gejag, versamel en verhandel. Toe <a href="/wiki/Bees" title="Bees">beeste</a> ongeveer 2000 jaar gelede vir die eerste keer na Suider-Afrika gebring is, het pastoralisme ’n belangrike kenmerk van die ekonomie geword, aangesien die gebied oor groot grasvlaktes, vry van die <a href="/wiki/Tsetsevlieg" title="Tsetsevlieg">tsetsevlieg</a>, beskik.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Dit is onbekend wanneer <a href="/wiki/Bantoevolke" title="Bantoevolke">Bantoevolke</a> hulle vanaf die noorde in die land gevestig het, alhoewel 600 n.C. algemeen aanvaar word. Destyds het die voorvaders van die hedendaagse Kalanga hulle in die noordoostelike gebiede van die land gevestig. Hierdie proto-Kalanga was nou verbonde aan state in <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, maar ook aan <a href="/wiki/Mapungubwe" title="Mapungubwe">Mapungubwe</a> in Suid-Afrika. Dié state, wat buite die huidige Botswana geleë was, het blykbaar groot veekuddes in die sentrale distrik aangehou — glo in getalle soortgelyk aan dié van die moderne veedigtheid.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Hierdie massiewe veeteeltkompleks het tot 1300 n.C. voorspoedig geword en blykbaar ná die agteruitgaan van Mapungubwe ineengestort. Gedurende hierdie tydperk het die eerste Tswana-sprekende groepe, die Bakgalagadi, na die suide van die <a href="/wiki/Kalahari" title="Kalahari">Kalahari</a> beweeg. Al hierdie verskillende volke is deur handelsroetes langs die Limpoporivier met die <a href="/wiki/Indiese_Oseaan" title="Indiese Oseaan">Indiese Oseaan</a> verbind, en handelsgoedere uit <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a> soos krale het in ruil vir <a href="/wiki/Ivoor" title="Ivoor">ivoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goud" title="Goud">goud</a> en <a href="/wiki/Renoster" title="Renoster">renosterhoring</a> waarskynlik hul weg na Botswana gevind.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Die koms van die Tswana-sprekers se voorouers wat die streek kom beheer het, is nog nie presies gedateer nie. Lede van die Bakwena, ’n kapteinskap onder die legendariese leier Kgabo II, het hulle teen 1500 n.C. in die suidelike Kalahari gevestig, en sy volk het die Bakgalagadi in ’n westelike rigting in die woestyn verdring. Oor die jare heen het verskeie nasate van die Bakwena na aangrensende gebiede beweeg. Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangwaketse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangwaketse (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bangwaketse</a> het gebiede in die weste bevolk, terwyl die Bangwato hulle in die noordooste, in voormalige Kalanga-gebiede, gevestig het.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Nie lank daarna nie, dalk in die 1790’s, het nasate van die Bangwato, die Batawana, na die Okavangodelta beweeg.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uitwerking_van_die_Mfecane">Uitwerking van die Mfecane</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Uitwerking van die Mfecane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Uitwerking van die Mfecane">wysig bron</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a>.</div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sechele_Gustav_Fritsch_1865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sechele_Gustav_Fritsch_1865.jpg/170px-Sechele_Gustav_Fritsch_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sechele_Gustav_Fritsch_1865.jpg/255px-Sechele_Gustav_Fritsch_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sechele_Gustav_Fritsch_1865.jpg/340px-Sechele_Gustav_Fritsch_1865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>Sechele I (aan bewind in 1831–1892) het ’n Merafe-koalisie teen <a href="/wiki/Boere" title="Boere">Boere</a> aangevoer</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Chief-khama-III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Chief-khama-III.jpg/170px-Chief-khama-III.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Chief-khama-III.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kgosi" title="Kgosi">Kgosi</a> Khama III (aan bewind in 1872–1873 en 1875–1923)</figcaption></figure> Die eerste skriftelike optekeninge rakende die hedendaagse Botswana het in 1824 verskyn. Volgens dié optekeninge het die Bangwaketse die hersende mag in die gebied geword. Onder Makaba II het die Bangwaketse hul groot troppe beeste in goed beskermde woestyngebiede aangehou en hul militêre mag benut om hul bure aan te val.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Ander destydse kapteinskappe in die gebied het oor bevolkings van sowat 10 000 beskik en was redelik welvarend.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Dié balans is gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a> (1823–1843) beëindig, toe ’n opeenvolging van indringende mense uit Suid-Afrika die land binnegekom het. Alhoewel die Bangwaketse in staat was om in 1826 die aanvallende Bakololo te verslaan, is oor die tyd heen al die groot kapteinskappe in Botswana aangeval, verswak en verarm. Beide die Bakololo en <a href="/wiki/Ndebele_(stam)" title="Ndebele (stam)">Amandebele</a> het herhaaldelik strooptogte onderneem, en beeste, vroue en kinders in groot getalle van die Batswana gevat — waarvan die meeste in die woestyn of na heiligdomgebiede soos heuwels en grotte verdryf is. Eers na 1843, toe die Amandebele na die weste van Zimbabwe verhuis het, het hierdie bedreiging bedaar.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Gedurende die 1840’s en 1850’s het die handel met die <a href="/wiki/Kaapkolonie" title="Kaapkolonie">Kaapkolonie</a> toegeneem en die <a href="/wiki/Batswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Batswana">Batswana</a>-kapteinskappe in staat gestel om te herbou. Die Bakwena, Bangwaketse, Bangwato en Batawana het saamgespan om die winsgewende ivoorhandel te beheer, en toe die inkomste benut om <a href="/wiki/Perd" title="Perd">perde</a> en wapens in te voer, en sodoende beheer oor die hedendaagse Botswana te verkry. Dié proses is teen 1880 afgesluit, en sodoende is die Boesmanne, Kalanga, Bakgalagadi en ander hedendaagse minderhede deur die Batswana onderwerp.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Ná die <a href="/wiki/Groot_Trek" title="Groot Trek">Groot Trek</a> het <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a> van die Kaapkolonie hulle in <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek" title="Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek">Transvaal</a> langs die grens van Botswana gevestig. In 1852 het ’n koalisie van Tswana-kapteinskappe onder Sechele I tydens die Slag van Dimawe Afrikaner-invalle afgeweer en in 1860, ná sowat agt jaar se onderbroke spanning en vyandigheid, in <a href="/wiki/Potchefstroom" title="Potchefstroom">Potchefstroom</a> uiteindelik ’n vredesooreenkoms gesluit. Met dié ooreenkoms is die hedendaagse <a href="/wiki/Grens_tussen_Suid-Afrika_en_Botswana" title="Grens tussen Suid-Afrika en Botswana">grens tussen Suid-Afrika en Botswana</a> vasgelê, en die Afrikaners en Batswana het vreedsaam handel gedryf en saamgewerk.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Weens dié nuwe vreedsame toestande het die handel tussen 1860 en 1880 gedy en <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christelike</a> sendelinge het hieruit voordeel getrek. Teen 1856 het beide die <a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" title="Lutheranisme">Lutheraanse</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Londense_Sendinggenootskap" title="Londense Sendinggenootskap">Londense Sendinggenootskap</a> hulle in die land gevestig. Teen 1880 het elke dorp oor ’n inwonende sendeling beskik, en hulle invloed het stadigaan gegroei. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khama_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khama III (bladsy bestaan nie)">Khama III</a> (aan bewind in 1875–1923) was die eerste van die Tswana-kapteins wat van die Christendom ’n staatsgodsdiens gemaak het, en gevolglik ’n groot deel van die Tswana-gewoontereg verander. Die Christendom het teen die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> die <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> amptelike godsdiens in al die owerhede geword.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Tussen 1881 en 1884 het die Boere en Batswana ’n verdere oorlog gevoer, nadat die Batswana in die suide deur Boerse en Britse huursoldate aangeval is. Vervolgens is op die suidelike gebied van die Batswana die <a href="/wiki/Boererepubliek" title="Boererepubliek">Boererepublieke</a> <a href="/wiki/Stellaland" title="Stellaland">Stellaland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Goosen" title="Goosen">Goosen</a> gestig; deels ná onderhandelinge met die plaaslike <a href="/wiki/Korana" title="Korana">Korana</a>. Die twee republieke is egter onder druk van die Britse magnaat <a href="/wiki/Cecil_John_Rhodes" title="Cecil John Rhodes">Cecil John Rhodes</a> deur Britse troepe beset en het in 1885 <a href="/wiki/Brits-Betsjoeanaland" title="Brits-Betsjoeanaland">Brits-Betsjoeanaland</a> geword.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Tien jaar later is dit by die Kaapkolonie ingelyf en behoort vandag tot die Suid-Afrikaanse provinsie <a href="/wiki/Noordwes" title="Noordwes">Noordwes</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kolonialisme_en_Betsjoeanaland">Kolonialisme en Betsjoeanaland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Kolonialisme en Betsjoeanaland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kolonialisme en Betsjoeanaland">wysig bron</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Betsjoeanaland" title="Betsjoeanaland">Betsjoeanaland</a>.</div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Kapstaaten_1905.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kapstaaten_1905.png/220px-Kapstaaten_1905.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kapstaaten_1905.png/330px-Kapstaaten_1905.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kapstaaten_1905.png/440px-Kapstaaten_1905.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1016" /></a><figcaption>’n Duitse kaart uit 1905 toon nog die onverdeelde Betsjoeanaland-gebied</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Three_Dikgosi_Monument,_Gaborone,_Botswana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Three_Dikgosi_Monument%2C_Gaborone%2C_Botswana.jpg/220px-Three_Dikgosi_Monument%2C_Gaborone%2C_Botswana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Three_Dikgosi_Monument%2C_Gaborone%2C_Botswana.jpg/330px-Three_Dikgosi_Monument%2C_Gaborone%2C_Botswana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Three_Dikgosi_Monument%2C_Gaborone%2C_Botswana.jpg/440px-Three_Dikgosi_Monument%2C_Gaborone%2C_Botswana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Die drie Dikgosi Khama III, Sebele I en Bathoen I het almal ’n Protektoraat onderhandel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:1960_6d_Bechuanaland_Protectorate_stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/1960_6d_Bechuanaland_Protectorate_stamp.jpg/220px-1960_6d_Bechuanaland_Protectorate_stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/1960_6d_Bechuanaland_Protectorate_stamp.jpg/330px-1960_6d_Bechuanaland_Protectorate_stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/1960_6d_Bechuanaland_Protectorate_stamp.jpg/440px-1960_6d_Bechuanaland_Protectorate_stamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1172" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption>Posseël uit <a href="/wiki/Betsjoeanaland" title="Betsjoeanaland">Betsjoeanaland</a> in 1960</figcaption></figure> Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Wedloop_om_Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedloop om Afrika">Wedloop om Afrika</a> het die gebied van Botswana die belangstelling van beide die <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Keiserryk" title="Duitse Keiserryk">Duitse Keiserryk</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk_van_Groot-Brittanje_en_Ierland" title="Verenigde Koninkryk van Groot-Brittanje en Ierland">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> gelok. Gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Koloniale_Konferensie_van_Berlyn" title="Koloniale Konferensie van Berlyn">Koloniale Konferensie van Berlyn</a> het die Britte daarop besluit om Botswana te annekseer om sodoende die pad na die noorde te beveilig en die Kaapkolonie met sy gebiede verder noord te verbind. In Januarie 1885 het hulle Tswana-gebiede eensydig geannekseer en daarna die Warren-ekspedisie noord gestuur om hul beheer oor die gebied te konsolideer en die kapteins te oortuig om die Britse gesag te aanvaar. Ten spyte van hul bekommernisse het hulle uiteindelik tot dié bekwame prestasie ingestem.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In 1890 is gebiede noord van die 22ste <a href="/wiki/Breedtegraad" title="Breedtegraad">Breedtegraad</a> by die nuwe Betsjoeanaland Protektoraat bygevoeg. Gedurende die 1890’s is die nuwe gebied in agt verskillende reservate ingedeel, met redelike klein hoeveelhede grond wat as vrye besit gelaat is vir wit setlaars. Gedurende die vroeë 1890’s het die Britse regering besluit om die Betsjoeanaland-protektoraat aan die <a href="/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company" title="British South Africa Company">British South Africa Company</a> te oorhandig. Dié plan was goed op dreef, ten spyte van die versoekings van Tswana-leiers wat in protes na <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> opgeruk het, maar dit is deur die mislukking van die <a href="/wiki/Jameson-inval" title="Jameson-inval">Jameson-inval</a> in Januarie 1896 uiteindelik gefnuik.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Toe die <a href="/wiki/Unie_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Unie van Suid-Afrika">Unie van Suid-Afrika</a> in 1910 gestig is uit die vernaamste Britse kolonies in die gebied – die “Hoëkommissarisgebiede” – is die Betsjoeanaland-protektoraat, <a href="/wiki/Basoetoland" title="Basoetoland">Basoetoland</a> (nou <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>) en Swaziland (nou <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>) nie ingesluit nie, maar voorsiening is gemaak vir hul latere inkorporering. ’n Vae onderneming is egter toegestaan om met hul inwoners te konsulteer en alhoewel opeenvolgende Suid-Afrikaanse regerings die gebiede wou laat oordra, het Brittanje die proses voortdurend vertraag; gevolglik het die oordrag nooit plaasgevind nie. Met die verkiesing van die <a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Party" title="Nasionale Party">Nasionale Party</a> in Suid-Afrika en die onttrekking van Suid-Afrika uit die Britse Statebond na Republiekwording in 1961 is enige vooruitskouing van inkorporering beëindig.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> ’n Uitbreiding van Britse sentrale owerheid en die ewolusie van stamregering het in 1920 gelei tot die oprigting van twee adviesrade waar Afrikane en Europeërs verteenwoordig is.<a href="#cite_note-EISA-42">[42]</a> Die Afrika-raad het uit die agt hoofde van die Tswana-stamme en enkele verkose lede bestaan.<a href="#cite_note-EISA-42">[42]</a> Proklamasies in 1934 het stamheerskappy en -magte gereguleer. ’n Europeër-Afrikaan-adviesraad is in 1951 opgerig en die grondwet van 1961 het ’n raadplegende wetgewende raad opgerig. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ná_onafhanklikheid">Ná onafhanklikheid</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Ná onafhanklikheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ná onafhanklikheid">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Duma_Boko,_2019_elections_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Duma_Boko%2C_2019_elections_%28cropped%29.png/170px-Duma_Boko%2C_2019_elections_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Duma_Boko%2C_2019_elections_%28cropped%29.png/255px-Duma_Boko%2C_2019_elections_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Duma_Boko%2C_2019_elections_%28cropped%29.png/340px-Duma_Boko%2C_2019_elections_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a> dien sedert 2024 as president van Botswana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Botswana_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Botswana_Map.jpg/220px-Botswana_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Botswana_Map.jpg/330px-Botswana_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Botswana_Map.jpg/440px-Botswana_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="1246" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Botswana. Die landsgrense is sedert sy onafhanklikheid in 1966 stabiel</figcaption></figure> In Junie 1964 het die Britse Regering voorstelle vir ’n demokratiese selfregering in Botswana aanvaar. Die setel van die regering is in 1965 van <a href="/wiki/Mahikeng" title="Mahikeng">Mafeking</a> in Suid-Afrika geskuif na die nuutgestigte Gaborone wat naby die Suid-Afrikaanse grens geleë is. Die grondwet van 1965 het aanleiding gegee tot die eerste algemene verkiesing en ook na onafhanklikheid op 30 September 1966.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seretse_Khama" title="Seretse Khama">Seretse Khama</a>, ’n leier in die onafhanklikheidsbeweging en die regmatige aanspraakmaker op die hoofmanskap van die Mangwatostam, is as eerste <a href="/wiki/President_van_Botswana" title="President van Botswana">president van Botswana</a> verkies en daarna vir nog twee termyne herkies. In die eerste jare ná sy onafhanklikheid was Botswana as ’t ware van wit beheersde lande omring, aangesien dit in die noordooste aan <a href="/wiki/Rhodesi%C3%AB" title="Rhodesië">Rhodesië</a> (die huidige Zimbabwe), in die suide aan Suid-Afrika onder <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> en in die weste aan die Suid-Afrikaans besette <a href="/wiki/Suidwes-Afrika" title="Suidwes-Afrika">Suidwes-Afrika</a> (die huidige Namibië) gegrens het. Khama se pogings, om die nuwe nasie se betrokkenheid in konflikte met die buurlande te vermy, was suksesvol. Die ekonomiese ontwikkeling van Botswana het in die eerste jare ná sy onafhanklikheid spoedig ontwikkel, nadat in 1967 by <a href="/wiki/Orapa" title="Orapa">Orapa</a> die eerste groot diamantveld ontdek is. Tot op hede lewer die uitvoer van diamante ’n groot bydrag tot die dekking van die land se uitgawes. Die hoë inkomste het tot ’n spoedige ontwikkeling van die land gelei: Tot in 2003 is sowat 6 000 km se paaie geteer en 300 sekondêre skole opgerig.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Botswana het in 1974 saam met <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosambiek" title="Mosambiek">Mosambiek</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tanzani%C3%AB" title="Tanzanië">Tanzanië</a> die “frontlynlande” gevorm en die bevrydingsbewegings in Namibië en die destydse Rhodesië ondersteun. In 1979 het hierdie frontlynlande saam met Lesotho, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, Zambië en Swasiland die Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingskonferensie (SAOK) gestig, aan die begin veral as ’n teengewig teenoor Suid-Afrika. In 1977 is die Botswana Weermag gestig om die grense met Rhodesië en later met Suid- en Suidwes-Afrika te beskerm. Die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Weermag" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag">Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag</a> het Botswana herhaaldelik binnegeval, veral om aktiviste van die <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> en <a href="/wiki/SWAPO" title="SWAPO">SWAPO</a> in die hande te kry. Ná die einde van apartheid in Suid-Afrika het dié land in 1992 die SAOK betree, wat sedertdien as die <a href="/wiki/Suider-Afrikaanse_Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap" title="Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap">Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap</a> (SAOG) in Gaborone gesetel is. <a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Botswana" title="Vlag van Botswana">Botswana se vlag</a> getuig tot vandag toe van dié land se alternatiewe benadering van rasverhoudinge teenoor die ou Suid-Afrikaanse apartheidstelsel, aangesien wit en swart vrede en harmonie tussen mense van Afrika- en Europese afkoms in Botswana verteenwoordig.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Een van die <a href="/wiki/Bantoestan" title="Bantoestan">Bantoestans</a> wat deur die voormalige Suid-Afrikaanse regering gestig is, was <a href="/wiki/Bophuthatswana" title="Bophuthatswana">Bophuthatswana</a>, wat vir die Tswana-bevolking in Suid-Afrika gestig is en een van vier amptelik selfregerende Bantoestans was. Botswana het ingestem om “informele ooreenkomste” met Bophuthatswana aan te gaan ten einde makliker oorgrensbewegings te fasiliteer.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Ook in die destydse Suidwes-Afrika het ’n Tswana-Bantoestan net oorkant die grens bestaan, <a href="/wiki/Tswanaland" title="Tswanaland">Tswanaland</a>. Laasgenoemde is nou in die Namibiese <a href="/wiki/Omaheke" title="Omaheke">Omaheke</a>-streek geleë. Die presidentskap is oorgegee aan die sittende adjunkpresident, <a href="/wiki/Quett_Masire" title="Quett Masire">Quett Masire</a>, wat in 1984 verkies is as president en in 1989 en 1994 herkies is. Daarna, in 1999, is sy adjunkpresident, <a href="/wiki/Festus_Mogae" title="Festus Mogae">Festus Mogae</a> tot president verkies en in 2004 herkies. In 2008 is <a href="/wiki/Ian_Khama" title="Ian Khama">Ian Khama</a> (seun van sir Seretse Khama), wat op daardie stadium ook adjunkpresident was nadat hy in 1998 as Bevelvoerder van die Botswana Weermag bedank het om in die kabinet te dien, tot president verkies. Ná tien jaar in amp het Ian Khama op 1 April 2018 bedank en is deur adjunkpresident <a href="/wiki/Mokgweetsi_Masisi" title="Mokgweetsi Masisi">Mokgweetsi Masisi</a> opgevolg.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In Oktober 2019 is Masisi as Botswana se president herkies, nadat die <a href="/wiki/Botswana_Democratic_Party" title="Botswana Democratic Party">Botswana Democratic Party</a> sy grootste bedreiging van eenheid in meer as vyf dekades beleef het, aangesien Masisi se voorganger, Ian Khama, by die opposisie aangesluit en Masisi van <a href="/wiki/Outoritarisme" title="Outoritarisme">outoritarisme</a> beskuldig het.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Khama is voorheen tydens Masisi se eerste toespraak aan die nasie skerp aangeval.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> ’n Langlopende geskil oor die noordelike grens met Namibië se <a href="/wiki/Kaprivistrook" title="Kaprivistrook">Kaprivistrook</a> was die onderwerp van ’n uitspraak deur die <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Geregshof" title="Internasionale Geregshof">Internasionale Geregshof</a> in Desember 1999. Die hof het beslis dat die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasikili-eiland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasikili-eiland (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kasikili-eiland</a> aan Botswana behoort.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Tydens die algemene verkiesing op 1 November 2024 het die BDP vir die eerste keer sedert onafhanklikwording in 1966 nie meer ’n volstrekte meerderheid behaal nie en die sittende president <a href="/wiki/Mokgweetsi_Masisi" title="Mokgweetsi Masisi">Mokgweetsi Masisi</a> het die regeringsmag aan die <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_for_Democratic_Change" title="Umbrella for Democratic Change">Umbrella for Democratic Change</a> (UDC) oorhandig, waarna <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a> as sy opvolger ingesweer is.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Botswana_Topography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Botswana_Topography.png/220px-Botswana_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Botswana_Topography.png/330px-Botswana_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Botswana_Topography.png/440px-Botswana_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption>Topografiese kaart van Botswana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Botswana_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Botswana_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/220px-Botswana_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Botswana_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/330px-Botswana_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Botswana_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/440px-Botswana_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>Klimaatsones in Botswana volgens die <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-klimaatklassifikasie" title="Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie">Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie</a></figcaption></figure> Met ’n grootte van 581 730 km² is Botswana die 47ste grootste land in die wêreld ná <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> en effens groter as <a href="/wiki/Kenia" title="Kenia">Kenia</a>. Die land is geleë tussen 17° en 27° suid en 20° en 30° oos. Botswana se gebied is amper driehoekig, met beide 900 km in ’n noord-suidelike en ’n wes-oostelike rigting. Die land is oorwegend plat en neig na ’n glooiende tafellandskap. Botswana word oorheers deur die <a href="/wiki/Kalahari" title="Kalahari">Kalahariwoestyn</a> wat ongeveer 70% van die oppervlak uitmaak. Die <a href="/wiki/Okavangodelta" title="Okavangodelta">Okavangodelta</a>, die grootste binnelandse delta in die wêreld, is in die noordweste. Net suid van die Okavangodelta is die <a href="/wiki/Ngamimeer" title="Ngamimeer">Ngamimeer</a> geleë. Die Makgadikgadipan, ’n groot soutpan, is in die noorde geleë. Botswana is oorwegend hoogland met min bulte. Net min gebiede soos die Makgadikgadipan en die streek langs die Limpopo is minder as 1 000 m bo seevlak geleë. Botswana se hoogste bergspits is Monalanongheuwel (1 494 m)<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> suidwes van die hoofstad Gaborone, terwyl die laagste punt in die ooste van die land by die uitmonding van die Shasherivier in die Limpoporivier geleë is. Die <a href="/wiki/Limpopo_(rivier)" title="Limpopo (rivier)">Limpopostroomgebied</a>, die grootste terreinvorm in die hele Suider-Afrika, lê gedeeltelik in Botswana, met die stroomgebiede van sy takriviere, die Notwanerivier, Bonwapitserivier, Mahalapswerivier, Lotsanerivier, Moloutserivier en die <a href="/wiki/Shasherivier" title="Shasherivier">Shasherivier</a> wat in die oostelike deel van die land vloei. Die hoofstad kry water vanaf die Notwane deur die Gaboronedam. Die <a href="/wiki/Kwandorivier" title="Kwandorivier">Choberivier</a> vloei na die noorde en vorm die grens tussen Botswana en Namibië in die <a href="/wiki/Zambezirivier" title="Zambezirivier">Zambezirivier</a>. Die Choberivier mond by Kazungula (dit beteken klein <a href="/wiki/Worsboom" title="Worsboom">worsboom</a> en is ’n plek waar Sebitwane en sy Makolostam oor die Zambezi na Zambië gegaan het) in die Zambezirivier in. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat">wysig bron</a>]</div> Botswana se <a href="/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat">klimaat</a> is weens die kort reënseisoen halfdor. Die relatiewe hoogte bo seevlak en sy vastelandse ligging sorg egter vir ’n subtropiese klimaat. Die land is die grootste deel van die jaar ver van die lugstroom wat deur vog belaai is. Die droëseisoen duur in die suide vanaf April tot Oktober en tot November in die noorde, waar in totaal meer reën val. Die suide van die land is gedurende <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a> (vroeg Mei tot einde Augustus) meer blootgestel aan koue winde, en die gemiddelde temperatuur is rondom 14°C. Die hele land het warm <a href="/wiki/Somer" title="Somer">somers</a> met gemiddelde temperature van sowat 26°C. Die totale sonskyn is regdeur die jaar hoog, alhoewel die winter die sonnigste periode is. Die hele land is gedurende die droë seisoen winderig en stowwerig.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Suider-Afrika is in ’n hoofsaaklik semi-ariede en ariede streek geleë, wat vinnig deur die <a href="/wiki/Aardverwarming" title="Aardverwarming">aardverwarming</a> geraak kan word. Dit lei tot ’n groter verwarming, langer droogtes en minder neerslae. In Botswana het die gemiddelde temperatuur om sowat 3°C gestyg, die hoogste toename in die <a href="/wiki/Suidelike_Halfrond" title="Suidelike Halfrond">Suidelike Halfrond</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekologie">Ekologie</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ekologie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flying-female-Lechwe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flying-female-Lechwe.jpg/220px-Flying-female-Lechwe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flying-female-Lechwe.jpg/330px-Flying-female-Lechwe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flying-female-Lechwe.jpg/440px-Flying-female-Lechwe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3038" data-file-height="2012" /></a><figcaption>’n <a href="/wiki/Rooilechwe" title="Rooilechwe">Rooilechwe</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Okavangodelta" title="Okavangodelta">Okavangodelta</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Botswana_sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Botswana_sunrise.jpg/220px-Botswana_sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Botswana_sunrise.jpg/330px-Botswana_sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Botswana_sunrise.jpg/440px-Botswana_sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Sonsopkoms in Botswana</figcaption></figure> Botswana het diverse areas van wildlewehabitate. Buiten die delta- en woestyngebiede is daar <a href="/wiki/Grasveld" title="Grasveld">grasvelde</a> en <a href="/wiki/Savanne" title="Savanne">savannes</a> waar <a href="/wiki/Blouwildebees" title="Blouwildebees">blouwildebeeste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wildsbok" title="Wildsbok">wildsbokke</a> en ander <a href="/wiki/Soogdier" title="Soogdier">soogdiere</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vo%C3%ABl" title="Voël">voëls</a> te vinde is. In Noord-Botswana is van die min oorblywende bedreigde <a href="/wiki/Wildehond" title="Wildehond">wildehondtroppe</a>. In die Chobe Nasionale Park, in die Chobedistrik, is die grootste konsentrasie van <a href="/wiki/Afrika-olifant" title="Afrika-olifant">Afrika-olifante</a> in die wêreld; in Botswana leef sowat 130 000 olifante, meer as in enige ander Afrikaland.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Die park bedek ongeveer 11 000 km² en ondersteun ongeveer 350 voëlspesies. Daarbenewens leef in Botswana <a href="/wiki/Kameelperd" title="Kameelperd">kameelperde</a>, verskeie <a href="/wiki/Wildsbok" title="Wildsbok">wildsbokke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeu" title="Leeu">leeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jagluiperd" title="Jagluiperd">jagluiperd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luiperd" title="Luiperd">luiperds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renoster" title="Renoster">renosters</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kwagga" title="Kwagga">kwaggas</a>. Die Okavangodelta huisves sowat 400 voëlspesies, 120 soogdierspesies, 71 visspesies, 33 <a href="/wiki/Amfibie%C3%AB" title="Amfibieë">amfibieë</a> en 64 <a href="/wiki/Reptiel" title="Reptiel">reptielspesies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Jaarliks beleef Botswana groot migrasies van kwagga- en <a href="/wiki/Wildebees" title="Wildebees">wildebeestroppe</a> tussen Chobe en Okavangodelta aan die een kant en die suidelike en suidoostelike gebiede, soos die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boteti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boteti (bladsy bestaan nie)">Boteti</a>, aan die ander kant.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Die Chobe Nasionale Park en Moremi Wildreservaat (in die Okavangodelta), asook <a href="/wiki/Tsodilo" title="Tsodilo">Tsodilo</a> is groot toeriste-aanloklikhede. Ander reservate sluit die Sentraal Karoo Wildreservaat (in die Kalahariwoestyn in Ghanzidistrik), die Makgalagadipanne Nasionale Park en die Nxaipan Nasionale Park (in die Sentraaldistrik in die Makgalagadisoutpan) in. Mashatu Wildreservaat is in privaatbesit en is geleë waar die Shasharivier en die Limpopo in die ooste van Botswana saamvloei. Die ander reservaat in privaatbesit is Mokolodi Natuurreservaat naby Gaborone. Daar is ook gespesialiseerde toevlugsoorde soos die Khama Renostertoevlugsoord en die Makgalagaditoevlugsoord (vir <a href="/wiki/Flamink" title="Flamink">flaminke</a>). Die genoemde toevlugsoorde is albei in die Sentraaldistrik geleë. Die dood van meer as 400 <a href="/wiki/Savanne-olifant" title="Savanne-olifant">Savanne-olifant</a> in die Okavangodelta in 2020 is vermoedelik deur ’n gevaarlike neurotoksien veroorsaak. Die olifante het in April 2020 in die vleilandgebied in die noordweste van die land begin sterf. Kalwers en volwasse olifante dwaal verward, uitgeteer en in nood. Hulle val ineen as die vermeende gifstof hul motorfunksies benadeel en hul bene verlam word. Stroping, vergiftiging en <a href="/wiki/Miltsiekte" title="Miltsiekte">miltsiekte</a> is as moontlike oorsake uitgesluit.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Reeds in April 2019 is sowat 100 olifante in Botswana aan onbekende oorsake dood.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Omgewingsprobleme">Omgewingsprobleme</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Omgewingsprobleme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Omgewingsprobleme">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Baobob_tree.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Baobob_tree.jpg/220px-Baobob_tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Baobob_tree.jpg/330px-Baobob_tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Baobob_tree.jpg/440px-Baobob_tree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1738" /></a><figcaption>’n <a href="/wiki/Kremetart" title="Kremetart">Kremetartboom</a> (Adansonia digitata)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Moremi_gorge_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Moremi_gorge_2.jpg/170px-Moremi_gorge_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Moremi_gorge_2.jpg/255px-Moremi_gorge_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Moremi_gorge_2.jpg/340px-Moremi_gorge_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>Moremikloof, in die Tswapong Heuwels oos van <a href="/wiki/Palapye" title="Palapye">Palapye</a>, Botswana. Die poreuse rots absorbeer <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABn" title="Reën">reënwater</a>, wat dan deur syfer om permanente watervalle en poele vorm. Die heuwels bied een van Botswana se twee broeiplekke vir die bedreigde <a href="/wiki/Kransaasvo%C3%ABl" title="Kransaasvoël">kransaasvoël</a>.</figcaption></figure> Botswana staar tans twee groot omgewingsprobleme in die gesig: droogte en woestynvorming. Die woestynvormingsprobleme stam hoofsaaklik uit die erge droogtes in die land. Weens die droogte is 75% van die land se mens- en dierbevolking afhanklik van <a href="/wiki/Grondwater" title="Grondwater">grondwater</a>. Die gebruik van grondwater het die effek van droogtes verlig maar het ’n letsel op die land gelaat. Grondwater word bereik deur diep boorgate te boor wat uiteindelik gronderosie tot gevolg het. Oppervlakwater is baie skaars en minder as 5% van die <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbou</a> in die land is volhoubaar met reënval alleen. As gevolg hiervan boer 95% van die bevolking met lewende hawe vir ’n bron van inkomste. Daarom is dit nie verbasend nie dat 71% van die grond aangewend word vir gemeenskaplike weiding wat ’n beduidende oorsaak is van woestynvorming in die land.<a href="#cite_note-rala.is-64">[64]</a> Aangesien die boer met vee winsgewend vir inwoners van Botswana is, word die land voortdurend uitgebuit. Die dierbevolkings het dramaties toegeneem. Van 1966 tot 1991 het die veepopulasie toegeneem van 1,7 miljoen na 5,5 miljoen.<a href="#cite_note-rala.is-64">[64]</a> Die menslike populasie het ook van 574 000 in 1971 toegeneem na 1,5 miljoen in 1995, ’n toename van amper 200%. Meer as 50% van alle huishoudings in Botswana besit beeste en dit is tans die grootste bron van landelike inkomste.<a href="#cite_note-rala.is-64">[64]</a> Daar is al gemeld dat die Okavangodelta opdroog weens die toename in weiding van vee.<a href="#cite_note-afrol.com-65">[65]</a> Die Okavangodelta is een van die groot halfbeboste vleilande in Botswana en is die grootste binnelandse delta in die wêreld; dit is ’n baie belangrike ekostelsel vir die oorlewing van ’n aantal diere.<a href="#cite_note-afrol.com-65">[65]</a> Die Departement van Bosbou en Omvangshulpbronne het reeds begin om ’n projek te implementeer wat inheemse plantegroei in gemeenskappe in Kgalagadi-suid, Kweneng-noord en Bobeti herbekendstel.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Herbekendstelling van inheemse plantegroei sal help om die degradasie van die grond teen te werk. Die Owerheid van die Verenigde State het ook ’n ooreenkoms met Botswana aangegaan deur VS$7 miljoen te gee om Botswana se skuld met VS$8,3 miljoen te laat krimp. Die bepalings van die skuldvermindering is dat Botswana sal fokus op ’n meer uitgebreide bewaring van die land.<a href="#cite_note-afrol.com-65">[65]</a> Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontwikkelingsprogram_van_die_Verenigde_Nasies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontwikkelingsprogram van die Verenigde Nasies (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ontwikkelingsprogram van die Verenigde Nasies</a> (UNDP) voer aan dat die vlak van armoede ’n groot probleem skep deur die uitbuiting van hulpbronne in Botswana, insluitend oorbenutting van grond. Om dit te verander, het die UNDP met ’n projek in die suidelike gemeenskap van <a href="/wiki/Struizendam" title="Struizendam">Struizendam</a> begin om die “inheemse kennis en tradisionele grondbestuurstelsels” te ontgin. Die leiers van dié beweging is veronderstel om deel van die gemeenskap te wees, sodat groter inkomste en gevolglike vermindering van armoede teweeg gebring kan word. Die UNDP het ook genoem dat die regering effektief beleid moet implementeer wat mense in staat stel om hul eie hulpbronne te bestuur; hulle help dan ook die Botswana-regering met toepaslike beleidvorming.<a href="#cite_note-afrol1-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politiek">Politiek</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Politiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Politiek">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regering">Regering</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Regering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Regering">wysig bron</a>]</div> Botswana is Afrika se oudste demokrasie. Die <a href="/wiki/Grondwet_van_Botswana" title="Grondwet van Botswana">Grondwet van Botswana</a> is die oppergesag van die reg, beskerm die burgers se regte en verteenwoordig hul regte. Die politiek van Botswana vind plaas binne ’n raamwerk van ’n verteenwoordigende demokratiese republiek met ’n veelpartystelsel waar die President van Botswana gelyktydig die staatshoof en die hoof van die regering is; hy word deur die parlement verkies en is verantwoordbaar teenoor die parlement. Uitvoerende magte word deur die regering uitgeoefen. Wetgewende magte berus by die regering en die <a href="/wiki/Parlement_van_Botswana" title="Parlement van Botswana">Parlement van Botswana</a>. Die mees onlangse verkiesing, die twaalfde sedert onafhanklikheid, is op 1 November 2024 gehou. Van die verklaring van onafhanklikheid tot in 2024 is die partystelsel deur die <a href="/wiki/Botswana_Democratic_Party" title="Botswana Democratic Party">Botswana Democratic Party</a> oorheers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regbank">Regbank</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Regbank" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Regbank">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:BotswanaParliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BotswanaParliament.jpg/220px-BotswanaParliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BotswanaParliament.jpg/330px-BotswanaParliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BotswanaParliament.jpg/440px-BotswanaParliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Botswana se parlement in Gaborone</figcaption></figure> Die regbank is onafhanklik van die uitvoerende gesag en die wetgewer.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Botswana is op die 30ste plek van 167 lande in die Demokrasie-indeks 2012.<a href="#cite_note-index2012-69">[69]</a> Volgens Transparency International is Botswana die mins korrupte land in Afrika en word op dieselfde vlak as <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> en <a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Suid-Korea">Suid-Korea</a> geplaas.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Die land word nietemin beskou as een van die lande in Afrika wat die mees geheimsinnige openbare instellings het.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Dit bestaan uit ’n tipiese hofstelsel van plaaslike landdroshowe, ’n hooggeregshof en ’n appèlhof. Die hooggeregshof is ’n hoër hof met onbeperkte oorspronklike bevoegdheid om kriminele, burgerlike of grondwetlike sake kragtens enige wet te verhoor en te beslis. Die appèlhof kan appèlle aanhoor. Die hoof van die hooggeregshof is die hoofregter.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Die appèlhof is die hoogste en finale hof in die land en behandel appèlle van die hooggeregshof en die nywerheidshof. Die regterpresident is die hoof van die appèlhof. Regters word deur die president van Botswana op aanbeveling van die Regterlike Dienskommissie aangestel. Alhoewel die Prokureursorde van Botswana al sedert 1997 bestaan,<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> is daar in hul register van prokureurs nog steeds geen duidelike aanduiding van hoe sekere demografie, soos vroue, op die regsveld gevaar het nie. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buitelandse_betrekkinge">Buitelandse betrekkinge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Buitelandse betrekkinge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Buitelandse betrekkinge">wysig bron</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Buitelandse_betrekkinge_van_Botswana" title="Buitelandse betrekkinge van Botswana">Buitelandse betrekkinge van Botswana</a>.</div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Diplomatic_missions_of_Botswana.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Diplomatic_missions_of_Botswana.PNG/220px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Botswana.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Diplomatic_missions_of_Botswana.PNG/330px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Botswana.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Diplomatic_missions_of_Botswana.PNG/440px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Botswana.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Plekke oor die wêreld heen waar Botswana ambassadeurs of hoëkommissarisse het</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Embassy_of_Botswana,_Washington,_D.C..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Embassy_of_Botswana%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/220px-Embassy_of_Botswana%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Embassy_of_Botswana%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/330px-Embassy_of_Botswana%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Embassy_of_Botswana%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/440px-Embassy_of_Botswana%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="2162" /></a><figcaption>Botswana se ambassade in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> Botswana het ’n klein aantal diplomatieke missies in die buiteland. In sy buitelandse betrekkinge plaas Botswana ’n klem op die ekonomiese en politieke integrasie in Suider-Afrika. Botswana poog om van die <a href="/wiki/Suider-Afrikaanse_Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap" title="Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap">Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap</a> (SAOG) ’n werkende instrument vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling te maak, en dit het pogings aangewakker om die streek selfpolisiëerend te maak ten opsigte van voorkomende diplomasie, konflikoplossing en goeie bestuur. Die SAOG-hoofkantoor is in Gaborone gesetel. Die land het <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> na-<a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> verwelkom as ’n vennoot in hierdie pogings. Botswana sluit aan by die Afrika-konsensus oor die meeste belangrike internasionale aangeleenthede en is ’n lid van internasionale organisasies soos <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrika-unie" title="Afrika-unie">Afrika-unie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beweging_van_Onverbonde_Lande" title="Beweging van Onverbonde Lande">Beweging van Onverbonde Lande</a> en <a href="/wiki/Britse_Statebond" title="Britse Statebond">Britse Statebond</a>. Botswana is ook ’n lid van die <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Strafhof" title="Internasionale Strafhof">Internasionale Strafhof</a> met ’n bilaterale immuniteitsooreenkoms vir beskerming van die <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_Weermag" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikaanse Weermag">Amerikaanse Weermag</a> (soos onder artikel 98 gedek). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buitelandse_militêre_en_veiligheidsbetrekkinge">Buitelandse militêre en veiligheidsbetrekkinge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Buitelandse militêre en veiligheidsbetrekkinge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Buitelandse militêre en veiligheidsbetrekkinge">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:BDF_honor_guard_for_William_Ward_2007-12-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BDF_honor_guard_for_William_Ward_2007-12-03.jpg/220px-BDF_honor_guard_for_William_Ward_2007-12-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BDF_honor_guard_for_William_Ward_2007-12-03.jpg/330px-BDF_honor_guard_for_William_Ward_2007-12-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BDF_honor_guard_for_William_Ward_2007-12-03.jpg/440px-BDF_honor_guard_for_William_Ward_2007-12-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Presidensiële wag van die Botswana Weermag</figcaption></figure> Ten tye van sy onafhanklikheid het Botswana oor geen gewapende magte beskik nie. Eers nadat beide die <a href="/wiki/Rhodesi%C3%AB" title="Rhodesië">Rhodesiese</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Le%C3%ABr" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Leër">Suid-Afrikaanse</a> leërs teen onderskeidelik die Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army en <a href="/wiki/Umkhonto_we_Sizwe" title="Umkhonto we Sizwe">Umkhonto we Sizwe</a> toegeslaan het,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> is in 1977 die Botswana Weermag van stapel gestuur.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Die president is die hoofbevelvoerder van die gewapende magte en benoem ’n verdedigingsraad en die Botswana Weermag bestaan tans uit sowat 60 000 weermaglede. In 2019 het Botswana die VN-verdrag oor die verbod van <a href="/wiki/Kernwapen" title="Kernwapen">kernwapens</a> onderteken.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Ná politieke veranderinge in Suid-Afrika en die streek fokus die Botswana Weermag se missies toenemend op die voorkoming van stropery, voorbereiding op rampe en buitelandse vredesbewaring. Die Verenigde State was die grootste enkele buitelandse bydraer tot die ontwikkeling van die Botswana Weermag, en ’n groot deel van sy offisierskorps het Amerikaanse opleiding ontvang. Die Botswana-regering het die Verenigde State toestemming gegee om die moontlikheid te ondersoek om ’n Afrika-kommandobasis (AFRICOM) in die land te vestig.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menseregte">Menseregte</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Menseregte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Menseregte">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wandering_hunters_(Masarwa_bushmen),_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wandering_hunters_%28Masarwa_bushmen%29%2C_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg/220px-Wandering_hunters_%28Masarwa_bushmen%29%2C_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wandering_hunters_%28Masarwa_bushmen%29%2C_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg/330px-Wandering_hunters_%28Masarwa_bushmen%29%2C_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wandering_hunters_%28Masarwa_bushmen%29%2C_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg/440px-Wandering_hunters_%28Masarwa_bushmen%29%2C_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2504" data-file-height="1736" /></a><figcaption>Wandelende jagters (Basarwa Boesmans), Noord-Kalahari-woestyn, ca. 1892</figcaption></figure> Baie van die inheemse San is met geweld van hul grond na reservate verskuif. Om hulle te verskuif is hul toegang tot water en hul land geweier en as hulle gejag het, wat die belangrikste voedselbron was, is hulle gearresteer.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-78">[78]</a> Hul land is in die wêreld se rykste <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamantveld</a> geleë. Amptelik ontken die regering dat daar ’n samehang met mynbou bestaan, en beweer die hervestiging teen einde van die bewaring van die natuurlewe en die ekosisteem, al het die San-bevolking sedert millennia volhoubaar op die land gewoon.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-78">[78]</a> In die reservate sukkel hulle om werk te kry en alkoholisme is welig.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-78">[78]</a> Op 24 Augustus 2018 het die VN se spesiale rapporteur vir minderhede, Fernand de Varennes, ’n verklaring uitgereik waarin hy Botswana versoek om “pogings om die regte van minderhede met betrekking tot openbare dienste, grond- en hulpbrongebruik en die gebruik van minderheidstale in onderwys en ander kritieke gebiede te erken en te beskerm.” Tot in Junie 2019 was <a href="/wiki/Homoseksualiteit" title="Homoseksualiteit">homoseksualiteit</a> in Botswana onwettig. ’n Beslissing van die hooggeregshof in Botswana op 11 Junie daardie jaar het egter bepalings in die strafwet geskrap wat die “vleeslike kennis van enige persoon teen die orde van die natuur” en “dade van growwe onwelvoeglikheid” gestraf het, waarmee Botswana een van slegs 22 Afrikalande geword het wat homoseksualiteit óf gedekriminaliseer óf gewettig het.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Botswana volstrek die <a href="/wiki/Doodstraf" title="Doodstraf">doodstraf</a> deur ophanging. Die Botswana Sentrum vir Menseregte, Ditshwanelo, is in 1993 gestig.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administratiewe_indelings">Administratiewe indelings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Administratiewe indelings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Administratiewe indelings">wysig bron</a>]</div> Botswana is in 15 distrikte ingedeel – 9 landelike en 6 stedelike distrikte: <table class="" style="background-color: transparent; width: 100%"><tbody><tr> <td style="width: 50%;text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> Die landelike distrikte is: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Sentraaldistrik,_Botswana" title="Sentraaldistrik, Botswana">Sentraaldistrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanzidistrik" title="Ghanzidistrik">Ghanzidistrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalagadidistrik" title="Kgalagadidistrik">Kgalagadidistrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgatlengdistrik" title="Kgatlengdistrik">Kgatlengdistrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwenengdistrik" title="Kwenengdistrik">Kwenengdistrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordoosdistrik,_Botswana" title="Noordoosdistrik, Botswana">Noordoosdistrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordwesdistrik,_Botswana" title="Noordwesdistrik, Botswana">Ngamilanddistrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suidoosdistrik,_Botswana" title="Suidoosdistrik, Botswana">Suidoosdistrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiddistrik,_Botswana" title="Suiddistrik, Botswana">Suiddistrik</a></li></ol> Die stedelike distrikte is: <ol><li>Stad <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a></li> <li>Stad <a href="/wiki/Francistown" title="Francistown">Francistown</a></li> <li>Dorp <a href="/wiki/Lobatse" title="Lobatse">Lobatse</a></li> <li>Dorp <a href="/wiki/Selebi-Phikwe" title="Selebi-Phikwe">Selebi-Phikwe</a></li> <li>Dorp <a href="/wiki/Jwaneng" title="Jwaneng">Jwaneng</a></li> <li>Nedersetting <a href="/wiki/Sowa,_Botswana" title="Sowa, Botswana">Sowa</a></li></ol> </td> <td style="width: 50%;text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <div style="float: center; clear: center;"> <div style="position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Blank_map_of_Botswana_with_colours.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Distrikte van Botswana"><img alt="Distrikte van Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Blank_map_of_Botswana_with_colours.svg/405px-Blank_map_of_Botswana_with_colours.svg.png" decoding="async" width="405" height="430" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Blank_map_of_Botswana_with_colours.svg/608px-Blank_map_of_Botswana_with_colours.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Blank_map_of_Botswana_with_colours.svg/810px-Blank_map_of_Botswana_with_colours.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2122" /></a> <div style="position: absolute; left: 80px; top: 70px"><a href="/wiki/Noordwesdistrik,_Botswana" title="Noordwesdistrik, Botswana">Noordwesdistrik</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 90px; top: 200px"><a href="/wiki/Ghanzidistrik" title="Ghanzidistrik">Ghanzidistrik</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 280px; top: 288px"><a href="/wiki/Kgatlengdistrik" title="Kgatlengdistrik">Kgatlengdistrik</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 246px; top: 335px"><a href="/wiki/Suidoosdistrik,_Botswana" title="Suidoosdistrik, Botswana">Suidoosdistrik</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 240px; top: 200px"><a href="/wiki/Sentraaldistrik,_Botswana" title="Sentraaldistrik, Botswana">Sentraaldistrik</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 330px; top: 140px"><a href="/wiki/Noordoosdistrik,_Botswana" title="Noordoosdistrik, Botswana">Noordoosdistrik</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 60px; top: 324px"><a href="/wiki/Kgalagadidistrik" title="Kgalagadidistrik">Kgalagadidistrik</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 190px; top: 330px"><a href="/wiki/Suiddistrik,_Botswana" title="Suiddistrik, Botswana">Suiddistrik</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 170px; top: 270px"><a href="/wiki/Kwenengdistrik" title="Kwenengdistrik">Kwenengdistrik</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 206px; top: 308px"><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a>*</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 256px; top: 150px"><a href="/wiki/Francistown" title="Francistown">Francistown</a>*</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 244px; top: 326px">*<a href="/wiki/Lobatse" title="Lobatse">Lobatse</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 325px; top: 185px">*<a href="/wiki/Selebi-Phikwe" title="Selebi-Phikwe">Selebi-Phikwe</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 158px; top: 298px"><a href="/wiki/Jwaneng" title="Jwaneng">Jwaneng</a>*</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 272px; top: 128px"><a href="/wiki/Sowa,_Botswana" title="Sowa, Botswana">Sowa</a>*</div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Gaberone_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gaberone_aerial.jpg/220px-Gaberone_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gaberone_aerial.jpg/330px-Gaberone_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gaberone_aerial.jpg/440px-Gaberone_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a> is die hoofstad en grootste stad van Botswana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Gaborone_skyline.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Gaborone_skyline.JPG/220px-Gaborone_skyline.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Gaborone_skyline.JPG/330px-Gaborone_skyline.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Gaborone_skyline.JPG/440px-Gaborone_skyline.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Departement van Belasting en Prokureur-Generaal se kantoorgebou (links) en die gebou van die Ministerie van Gesondheid (regs) in Gaborone, Botswana</figcaption></figure> Sedert sy onafhanklikheid het Botswana een van die snelgroeiendste <a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP’s</a> ter wêreld gehad.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Voorheen was <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbou</a> die land se belangrikste ekonomie, maar intussen is mynbou, beesboerdery en <a href="/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme">toerisme</a> die vernaamste ekonomiese sektore. Tussen 1966 en 1999 het Botswana se ekonomie met sowat 9% per jaar gegroei; die meeste van die land se inkomste kom uit <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamantontginning</a>. In 2007 is <a href="/wiki/Uraan" title="Uraan">uraan</a> in Botswana ontdek en die ontginning daarvan het in 2010 begin.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Botswana het homself van een van die armste lande in die wêreld omgeskep na ’n land met ’n boonste middelinkomste. Hoewel Botswana oorvloedige hulpbronne gehad het, het ’n goeie institusionele raamwerk die land in staat gestel om hulpbroninkomste her te belê om stabiele toekomstige inkomste te genereer.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Volgens ’n skatting het die land die vierde hoogste bruto nasionale inkomste volgens <a href="/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit">koopkragpariteit</a> in Afrika (net na <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaboen" title="Gaboen">Gaboen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ekwatoriaal-Guinee" title="Ekwatoriaal-Guinee">Ekwatoriaal-Guinee</a>), wat ’n lewenstandaard vergelykbaar met dié van <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a> moontlik maak.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Dit is selfs meer as dié van Namibië en Suid-Afrika. Die Ministerie van Handel en Nywerheid van Botswana is verantwoordelik vir die bevordering van sake-ontwikkeling in die hele land. Volgens die <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">Internasionale Monetêre Fonds</a> het Botswana se ekonomie vanaf 1966 tot 1999 jaarliks met sowat 9% gegroei. Botswana geniet in vergelyking met ander Afrikalande ’n hoë vlak van ekonomiese vryheid,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> en was in 2019 Afrika se derde beste land volgens ekonomiese vryheid net na Mauritius en <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Die regering het ’n gesonde fiskale beleid gehandhaaf, ondanks opeenvolgende begrotingstekorte in 2002 en 2003 en ’n geringe mate aan buitelandse skuld. Dit het die hoogste soewereine kredietgradering in Afrika behaal en beskik oor buitelandse valutareserwes van meer as $7 miljard in 2005/2006, wat ongeveer twee en ’n half jaar se huidige invoer beloop. ’n Verskeidenheid aan finansiële instellings oorheers die finansiële stelsel van die land, en beide pensioenfondse en kommersiële banke is volgens bategrootte die twee belangrikste segmente. Banke bly winsgewend, goed gekapitaliseer en likiede as gevolg van die groeiende nasionale hulpbronne en hoë rentekoerse.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Die Bank van Botswana fungeer as ’n sentrale bank. Die land se geldeenheid is die <a href="/wiki/Botswana_pula" title="Botswana pula">Botswana pula</a> (Tswana vir reën) en onderverdeel in 100 thebe (“skild” in Tswana). Vanaf 1961 tot 1966 was die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_rand" title="Suid-Afrikaanse rand">Suid-Afrikaanse rand</a> die amptelike geldeenheid in die Betsjoeanaland-protektoraat en tussen 1966 en 1976 in die onafhanklike Botswana. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mynbou">Mynbou</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Mynbou" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Mynbou">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jwaneng_Open_Mine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jwaneng_Open_Mine.jpg/220px-Jwaneng_Open_Mine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jwaneng_Open_Mine.jpg/330px-Jwaneng_Open_Mine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jwaneng_Open_Mine.jpg/440px-Jwaneng_Open_Mine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Jwaneng-diamantmyn</figcaption></figure> Botswana se Orapamyn is die grootste diamantmyn ter wêreld in terme van waarde en hoeveelheid karats wat jaarliks ontgin word.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In 2013 is ’n geraamde 11 miljoen karats ontgin, met ’n gemiddelde prys van $145/karaat, vervolgens het die Orapamyn in 2013 diamante ter waarde van meer as $1,6 miljard gelewer.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wetenskap_en_Tegnologie">Wetenskap en Tegnologie</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Wetenskap en Tegnologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Wetenskap en Tegnologie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Gaborone_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gaborone_Airport.jpg/220px-Gaborone_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gaborone_Airport.jpg/330px-Gaborone_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gaborone_Airport.jpg/440px-Gaborone_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sir_Seretse_Khama_Internasionale_Lughawe" title="Sir Seretse Khama Internasionale Lughawe">Sir Seretse Khama Internasionale Lughawe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:University_of_Botswana_Earth_Science.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/University_of_Botswana_Earth_Science.JPG/220px-University_of_Botswana_Earth_Science.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/University_of_Botswana_Earth_Science.JPG/330px-University_of_Botswana_Earth_Science.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/University_of_Botswana_Earth_Science.JPG/440px-University_of_Botswana_Earth_Science.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Die Universiteit van Botswana se gebou vir <a href="/wiki/Aardwetenskappe" class="mw-redirect" title="Aardwetenskappe">Aardwetenskappe</a></figcaption></figure> Botswana is tans besig om wetenskap en tegnologie in te span om sy ekonomie te laat diversifiseer en vervolgens minder afhanklik van diamante te word. Met die oog hierop het die regering sedert 2008 ses spilpunte in die sektor vir landbou, diamante, innovasie, vervoer, gesondheid en onderwys opgerig.<a href="#cite_note-:0-90">[90]</a> Botswana het, binne ’n Unesco-projek wat deur die <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spaanse</a> agentskap vir Internasionale Samewerking en Ontwikkeling geborg word,in 2011 sy hersiene “Nasionale beleid oor navorsing, wetenskap en tegnologie” uitgereik. Dié beleid het ten doel om die uitdagings van vinnige tegnologiese evolusie en globalisering die hoof te bied en die bereiking van die nasionale ontwikkelingsdoelwitte, soos geformuleer in hoëvlak strategiese dokumente insluitende Botswana se “Tiende Nasionale Ontwikkelingsplan” vir 2016 en “Visie 2016”.<a href="#cite_note-:0-90">[90]</a> Die “Nasionale beleid oor navorsing, wetenskap en tegnologie” (2011) bepaal die mikpunt om die bruto binnelandse besteding aan navorsing en ontwikkeling van 0,26% van die BBP in 2012 tot meer as 2% teen 2016 te verhoog. Dié teiken kan slegs binne die gespesifiseerde tydsbestek bereik word deur die verhoging van die openbare besteding aan navorsing en ontwikkeling.<a href="#cite_note-:0-90">[90]</a> Ondanks die beskeie vlak van finansiële belegging in navorsing beskik Botswana oor een van die hoogste navorsingsdigthede in Afrika suid van die Sahara: 344 per miljoen inwoners (in hooftellings), in vergelyking met ’n gemiddelde van 91 per miljoen inwoners vir die hele subkontinent in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:0-90">[90]</a> In 2009 het Deaftronics, ’n maatskappy wat in Botswana gebaseer is, sy sonkrag-gehoorapparaat bekendgestel, ses jaar nadat die prototipe ontwikkel is. Deaftronics het sedert die bekendstelling van die maatskappy in 2009 meer as 10 000 sonkragaangedrewe gehoorapparate verkoop. Met ’n prys van $200 beskik elke eenheid oor vier herlaaibare batterye, wat tot drie jaar se krag kan lewer, en ’n sonkraglaaier vir die herlaaibare batterye. Dié produk is goedkoper as die meeste gewilde gehoorapparate wat vanaf sowat $600 kan kos.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> In 2011 het Botswana se Department van Landbounavorsing die Musi-ras bekend gestel, gekweek om uiteindelik die algehele doeltreffendheid vir beesvleisproduksie onder Botswana-toestande te optimaliseer. Die proses van selektiewe teling wat dié geharde dier 29 jaar gelede ondergaan het sal die saamgestelde ras volgens verwagtinge tot verhoogde beesvleisproduksie lei. Die doel van dié projek was om ’n genetiese materiaal te vind wat kan presteer soos kruisrasse wat alreeds in Botswana beskikbaar is en ver bo die inheemse Tswana-ras, terwyl die gehardheid en aanpasbaarheid van die inheemse vee in een pakket behou word.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In 2016 het Botswana se Instituut vir Tegnologiese Navorsing en Innovasie (BITNI) in samewerking met die Instituut vir Tegnologiese Navorsing en Innovasie, Botswana se entstofinstituut en die <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadese</a> agentskap vir voedselinspeksie die vinnige toetsstel vir <a href="/wiki/Bek-en-klouseer" title="Bek-en-klouseer">bek-en-klouseer</a> ontwikkel. Die bestaande diagnostiese metodes vereis hoogs opgeleide laboratoriumpersoneel, spesiale toerusting wat vertragings in die implementering van beheermaatreëls veroorsaak, terwyl die stel wat in Botswana ontwikkel is, voorsiening maak vir diagnosering op die terrein in geval van ’n vermoedelike uitbraak van die siekte in die bespoediging van die diagnostiese proses.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In die IKT-sektor het in 2016 ’n Botswana-onderneming, Almaz, die eerste rekenaarmonteeronderneming in Botswana geopen. Die onderneming gaan nie net oor rekenaarmontering nie, maar ook oor die uitbreiding van elektroniese vervaardiging en ’n katalisator vir inhoudsontwikkeling in navorsing en ontwikkeling.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Ditec, ’n Botswana-onderneming, ontwerp, vervaardig en pas selfone aan. Ditec is een van die voorste kenners op die gebied van ontwerp, ontwikkeling en aanpassing van <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>-aangedrewe toestelle.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vervoer,_energie_en_infrastruktuur">Vervoer, energie en infrastruktuur</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Vervoer, energie en infrastruktuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Vervoer, energie en infrastruktuur">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Botswana_rail_network_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Botswana_rail_network_map.svg/220px-Botswana_rail_network_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Botswana_rail_network_map.svg/330px-Botswana_rail_network_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Botswana_rail_network_map.svg/440px-Botswana_rail_network_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="1014" /></a><figcaption>Botswana se spoornetwerk</figcaption></figure> Botswana beskik oor 971 km se spoorlyne, 18 482 km se paaie en 92 lughawens, waarvan 12 oor geplaveide aanloopbane beskik. Die ontwerpte geplaveide padnetwerk is feitlik geheel en al sedert onafhanklikheid in 1966 gebou. Botswana word in ’n oos-westelike rigting deur die <a href="/wiki/Trans-Kalahari-Grootpad" title="Trans-Kalahari-Grootpad">Trans-Kalahari-Grootpad</a>, wat <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> in Suid-Afrika met <a href="/wiki/Walvisbaai" title="Walvisbaai">Walvisbaai</a> in Namibië verbind, en in ’n noord-suidelike rigting deur die <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad-Ka%C3%AFro-Grootpad" title="Kaapstad-Kaïro-Grootpad">Kaapstad-Kaïro-Grootpad</a> deurkruis; albei grootpaaie ontmoet suid van Gaborone. Die nasionale lugredery is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Botswana (bladsy bestaan nie)">Air Botswana</a>, wat binnelands en na ander Afrikalande vlieg, met sy hoofspilpunt op die <a href="/wiki/Sir_Seretse_Khama_Internasionale_Lughawe" title="Sir Seretse Khama Internasionale Lughawe">Sir Seretse Khama Internasionale Lughawe</a> van die hoofstad Gaborone. Botswana word ook deur <a href="/wiki/Air_Namibia" title="Air Namibia">Air Namibia</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Lugdiens" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens">Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens</a> bedien. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana_Railways&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botswana Railways (bladsy bestaan nie)">Botswana Railways</a> is die nasionale spoorwegonderneming en ’n belangrike skakel in die Suider-Afrikaanse spoorwegstelsel. Botswana Railways bied logistieke oplossings op spoorwegbewegings om ’n reeks kommoditeite vir die mynbousektor en primêre nywerhede, passasierstreindienste en droë hawens te vervoer.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Botswana se spoornetwerk bestaan uit een verbinding tussen Suid-Afrika in die suidooste, deur Gaborone, en Zimbabwe in die noordooste, en ’n stuk of drie sytakke. Botswana produseer steenkool vir elektrisiteit en voer <a href="/wiki/Ruolie" title="Ruolie">ruolie</a> uit Suid-Afrika in. Die land se voorsiening van goedere geskied op die landroete met die <a href="/wiki/Durban-hawe" title="Durban-hawe">Durban-hawe</a> in Suid-Afrika as die belangrikste invoerhawe. In onlangse jare het die land groot belang gestel in hernubare energiebronne en ’n omvattende strategie wat beleggers in die wind-, sonkrag- en biomassa-hernubare energie-industrie sal lok, bekend gestel. Van Botswana se kragstasies sluit in Morupule B-kragstasie (600 MW), Morupule A-kragstasie (132 MW), Orapa-kragstasie (90 MW), Phakalane-kragstasie (1,3 MW) en Mmamabula-kragstasie (300 MW); laasgenoemde sal in die nabye toekoms by die kragnetwerk inskakel. ’n 200 MW sonkragaanleg word tans deur die Department van Minerale Bronne, Groen Tegnologie en Energiesekuriteit beplan en ontwerp.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-mmegi.bw-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-mmegi.bw-101">[101]</a> Sedert 2014 word op die kort grensstuk tussen Botswana en Zambië die Kazungulabrug gebou, wat die Zambezirivier vir 923 m sal oorsteek. Volgens berigte was dié brug einde Desember 2020 99% klaar en wag net vir ’n amptelike opening, waarna dit die ou Kazungulaveerboot vervang en ’n nuwe roete tussen die <a href="/wiki/Demokratiese_Republiek_die_Kongo" title="Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo">Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo</a> en die Suid-Afrikaanse hawestad <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> sal skep.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Die brugprojek sluit ’n nuwe spoorweg tussen Botswana en Zambië in.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toerisme">Toerisme</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Toerisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Toerisme">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Chobe_National_Park_Tourists.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chobe_National_Park_Tourists.jpg/220px-Chobe_National_Park_Tourists.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chobe_National_Park_Tourists.jpg/330px-Chobe_National_Park_Tourists.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chobe_National_Park_Tourists.jpg/440px-Chobe_National_Park_Tourists.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1417" /></a><figcaption>Toeriste by Chobe Nasionale Park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Elephant_swimming,_Botswana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Elephant_swimming%2C_Botswana.jpg/220px-Elephant_swimming%2C_Botswana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Elephant_swimming%2C_Botswana.jpg/330px-Elephant_swimming%2C_Botswana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Elephant_swimming%2C_Botswana.jpg/440px-Elephant_swimming%2C_Botswana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>BW Toerbote</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Visa_policy_of_Botswana.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Visa_policy_of_Botswana.png/220px-Visa_policy_of_Botswana.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Visa_policy_of_Botswana.png/330px-Visa_policy_of_Botswana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Visa_policy_of_Botswana.png/440px-Visa_policy_of_Botswana.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Burgers van blou lande mag Botswana sonder visum besoek</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Boat_on_Cuando_River,_Botswana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Boat_on_Cuando_River%2C_Botswana.jpg/220px-Boat_on_Cuando_River%2C_Botswana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Boat_on_Cuando_River%2C_Botswana.jpg/330px-Boat_on_Cuando_River%2C_Botswana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Boat_on_Cuando_River%2C_Botswana.jpg/440px-Boat_on_Cuando_River%2C_Botswana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4990" data-file-height="3327" /></a><figcaption>’n Boot op die Choberivier, Botswana</figcaption></figure> Die Botswana Toerisme-organisasie<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> is die land se amptelike toerismegroep. Toeriste besoek veral die hoofstad Gaborone, aangesien dié stad baie aktiwiteite vir besoekers bied. Die Leeuparkoord<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> is Botswana se eerste permanente pretpark en bied geleenthede soos verjaardagpartytjies vir families. Ander bestemmings in Botswana sluit in die Gaborone Seiljagklub en die Kalahari Hengelklub en natuurlike aantreklikhede soos die Gaboronedam en Mokolodi Natuurreservaat. Daar is ook <a href="/wiki/Gholf" title="Gholf">gholfbane</a> wat deur die Botswana Gholfunie (BGU) bestuur word.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Die Phakalane Gholflandgoed is ’n multimiljoen-dollar klubhuis wat beide hotelverblyf en toegang tot gholfbane bied. Botswana se gewildste toeriste-aantreklikhede sluit in die <a href="/wiki/Kgalagadi-vredespark" title="Kgalagadi-vredespark">Kgalagadi-vredespark</a> op die grens met Suid-Afrika in die suidweste, <a href="/wiki/Sentraal_Kalahari_Wildreservaat" title="Sentraal Kalahari Wildreservaat">Sentraal Kalahari Wildreservaat</a> in die sentrum van die land, asook die <a href="/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco">Unesco</a>-<a href="/wiki/W%C3%AArelderfenisgebied" title="Wêrelderfenisgebied">wêrelderfenisgebiede</a> Okavangodelta en <a href="/wiki/Tsodilo" title="Tsodilo">Tsodilo</a> in die noordweste van Botswana. Van die museums in Botswana sluit in: <ul><li>Botswana Nasionale Museum in Gaborone</li> <li>Kgosi Bathoen II (Segopotso)-museum in Kanye</li> <li>Kgosi Sechele I-museum in Molepolole</li> <li>Khama III Gedenkmuseum in Serowe</li> <li>Nhabe-museum in Maun</li> <li>Phuthadikobo-museum in Mochudi</li> <li>Supa Ngwano Museumsentrum in Francistown</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="rellink boilerplate sienook">Sien ook: <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_stede_en_dorpe_in_Botswana" title="Lys van stede en dorpe in Botswana">Lys van stede en dorpe in Botswana</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pleknaamsveranderinge_in_Botswana" title="Pleknaamsveranderinge in Botswana">Pleknaamsveranderinge in Botswana</a></div></dd></dl> Botswana het met ’n bevolking van 2 450 668 die 146ste grootste bevolking in die wêreld, net ná <a href="/wiki/Gambi%C3%AB" title="Gambië">Gambië</a> en nog voor <a href="/wiki/Gaboen" title="Gaboen">Gaboen</a>. Botswana se bevolking is effens kleiner as dié van Namibië, maar aangesien laasgenoemde groter is, het Botswana ’n groter <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">bevolkingsdigtheid</a> (8,3/km² teenoor 4,2/km²). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etniese_groepe">Etniese groepe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Etniese groepe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Etniese groepe">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Botswana-demography.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Botswana-demography.svg/220px-Botswana-demography.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Botswana-demography.svg/330px-Botswana-demography.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Botswana-demography.svg/440px-Botswana-demography.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Botswana se bevolkingsgroei (1960–2017)</figcaption></figure> Die <a href="/wiki/Tswana" title="Tswana">Tswana</a> is die grootste etniese groep in Botswana en vorm sowat 79% van die bevolking; die meeste Tswanas, sowat vier miljoen mense, bly egter in Suid-Afrika se Noordwesprovinsie.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Van die grootste minderhede sluit in die BaKalanga en San of AbaThwa, ook bekend as Basarwa. Ander stamme is Bayei, Bambukushu, Basubia, Baherero en Bakgalagadi. Daarbenewens bly ’n aantal blankes en <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indiërs</a> in Botswana; albei groepe is ongeveer ewe klein. Die Indiërs in Botswana behels verskeie generasies, en sommige het uit <a href="/wiki/Mosambiek" title="Mosambiek">Mosambiek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenia" title="Kenia">Kenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzani%C3%AB" title="Tanzanië">Tanzanië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> en ander lande na Botswana migreer, maar ook Indiërs wat hulle onlangs uit Indië kom vestig het. As gevolg van die verslegtende ekonomiese toestande in Zimbabwe sedert 2000 het die aantal Zimbabwiërs in Botswana die derduisende ingeskiet.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Minder as 10 000 San handhaaf nog hul tradisionele jagter-versamelaar-leefwyse. Sedert die middel-1990’s poog die regering van Botswana om hulle uit hul tradisionele lande te verskuif.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> James Anaya, spesiale rapporteur oor die situasie van menseregte en fundamentele vryhede van inheemse bevolking vir die Verenigde Nasies in 2010, het die verlies van grond as ’n groot bydraer tot baie van die probleme wat die inheemse bevolking van Botswana in die gesig staar aangehaal en na die uitsetting van die San uit die Sentraal Kalahari Wildreservaat (CKGR) as ’n eksplisiete voorbeeld verwys.<a href="#cite_note-Anaya-111">[111]</a> Onder Anaya se aanbevelings in ’n verslag aan die Verenigde Nasies se Raad vir Menseregte was die bevordering van ontwikkelingsprogramme in oorweging met inheemse gemeenskappe soos die San- en Bakgalagadi-bevolking se tradisionele jag- en versamelaktiwiteite.<a href="#cite_note-Anaya-111">[111]</a> <table class="navbox" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small; float: left; margin-left: 0.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Grootste_stede_in_Botswana" title="Sjabloon:Grootste stede in Botswana">s</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:Grootste_stede_in_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Grootste stede in Botswana (bladsy bestaan nie)">b</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Grootste_stede_in_Botswana&action=edit">w</a></div> Grootste stede en dorpe van <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Botswana</a> Sensus Botswana 2011<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Ranglys </th> <th>Stadnaam </th> <th>Distrikte </th> <th>Bevolking </th> <th>Ranglys </th> <th>Stadnaam </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distriktes_van_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distriktes van Botswana (bladsy bestaan nie)">Distrikte</a> </th> <th>Bevolking </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:GaboroneSkyline_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gaborone"><img alt="Gaborone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/GaboroneSkyline_cropped.jpg/120px-GaboroneSkyline_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/GaboroneSkyline_cropped.jpg/180px-GaboroneSkyline_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/GaboroneSkyline_cropped.jpg/240px-GaboroneSkyline_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2428" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:The_main_square_in_Francistown_(3297095166).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francistown"><img alt="Francistown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_main_square_in_Francistown_%283297095166%29.jpg/120px-The_main_square_in_Francistown_%283297095166%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_main_square_in_Francistown_%283297095166%29.jpg/180px-The_main_square_in_Francistown_%283297095166%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_main_square_in_Francistown_%283297095166%29.jpg/240px-The_main_square_in_Francistown_%283297095166%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Francistown" title="Francistown">Francistown</a> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Suidoosdistrik,_Botswana" title="Suidoosdistrik, Botswana">Suidoos</a></td> <td align="left">227 333</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">11</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Palapye" title="Palapye">Palapye</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sentraaldistrik,_Botswana" title="Sentraaldistrik, Botswana">Sentraal</a></td> <td align="left">36 211 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:New_Molepolole_Shopping_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Molepolole"><img alt="Molepolole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/New_Molepolole_Shopping_Mall.jpg/120px-New_Molepolole_Shopping_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/New_Molepolole_Shopping_Mall.jpg/180px-New_Molepolole_Shopping_Mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/New_Molepolole_Shopping_Mall.jpg/240px-New_Molepolole_Shopping_Mall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1445" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Molepolole" title="Molepolole">Molepolole</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Maunbyplane.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maun"><img alt="Maun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Maunbyplane.jpg/120px-Maunbyplane.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Maunbyplane.jpg/180px-Maunbyplane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Maunbyplane.jpg/240px-Maunbyplane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maun" title="Maun">Maun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Francistown" title="Francistown">Francistown</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Noordoosdistrik,_Botswana" title="Noordoosdistrik, Botswana">Noordoos</a></td> <td align="left">100 079</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">12</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tlokweng" title="Tlokweng">Tlokweng</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Suidoosdistrik,_Botswana" title="Suidoosdistrik, Botswana">Suidoos</a></td> <td align="left">35 982 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Molepolole" title="Molepolole">Molepolole</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kwenengdistrik" title="Kwenengdistrik">Kweneng</a></td> <td align="left">67 598</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">13</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lobatse" title="Lobatse">Lobatse</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Suidoosdistrik,_Botswana" title="Suidoosdistrik, Botswana">Suidoos</a></td> <td align="left">29 032 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Maun" title="Maun">Maun</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kwenengdistrik" title="Kwenengdistrik">Kweneng</a></td> <td align="left">55 784</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">14</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ramotswa" title="Ramotswa">Ramotswa</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Suidoosdistrik,_Botswana" title="Suidoosdistrik, Botswana">Suidoos</a></td> <td align="left">27 760 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td align="left">Mogoditshane</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Noordwesdistrik,_Botswana" title="Noordwesdistrik, Botswana">Noordwes</a></td> <td align="left">57 637</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">15</td> <td align="left">Letlhakane</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sentraaldistrik,_Botswana" title="Sentraaldistrik, Botswana">Sentraal</a></td> <td align="left">20 841 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Selebi-Phikwe" title="Selebi-Phikwe">Selebi-Phikwe</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sentraaldistrik,_Botswana" title="Sentraaldistrik, Botswana">Sentraal</a></td> <td align="left">49 724</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">16</td> <td align="left">Tonota</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sentraaldistrik,_Botswana" title="Sentraaldistrik, Botswana">Sentraal</a></td> <td align="left">20 007 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Serowe" title="Serowe">Serowe</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sentraaldistrik,_Botswana" title="Sentraaldistrik, Botswana">Sentraal</a></td> <td align="left">47 447</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">17</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Moshupa" title="Moshupa">Moshupa</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Suiddistrik,_Botswana" title="Suiddistrik, Botswana">Suid</a></td> <td align="left">19 780 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kanye" title="Kanye">Kanye</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Suiddistrik,_Botswana" title="Suiddistrik, Botswana">Suid</a></td> <td align="left">45 196</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">18</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Thamaga" title="Thamaga">Thamaga</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kwenengdistrik" title="Kwenengdistrik">Kweneng</a></td> <td align="left">19 365 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mochudi" title="Mochudi">Mochudi</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kgatlengdistrik" title="Kgatlengdistrik">Kgatleng</a></td> <td align="left">44 339</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">19</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jwaneng" title="Jwaneng">Jwaneng</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Suiddistrik,_Botswana" title="Suiddistrik, Botswana">Suid</a></td> <td align="left">18 063 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mahalapye" title="Mahalapye">Mahalapye</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sentraaldistrik,_Botswana" title="Sentraaldistrik, Botswana">Sentraal</a></td> <td align="left">41 316</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">20</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bobonong" title="Bobonong">Bobonong</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sentraaldistrik,_Botswana" title="Sentraaldistrik, Botswana">Sentraal</a></td> <td align="left">17 351 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tale">Tale</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Tale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Tale">wysig bron</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Tswana" title="Tswana">Tswana</a>.</div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:PT-Tsala_ea_Becoana-First_Issue-1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/PT-Tsala_ea_Becoana-First_Issue-1910.jpg/220px-PT-Tsala_ea_Becoana-First_Issue-1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/PT-Tsala_ea_Becoana-First_Issue-1910.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Die eerste uitgawe van Tsala ea Becauna (“Vriend van die Becuana”), die tweede koerant in Tswana, uitgegee in <a href="/wiki/Kimberley" title="Kimberley">Kimberley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unie_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Unie van Suid-Afrika">Unie van Suid-Afrika</a>, in 1910</figcaption></figure> Die <a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">amptelike tale</a> van Botswana is Engels en Tswana, waarvan laasgenoemde dwarsdeur die land gebesig word. Daarmee is Botswana een van twee lande, waar Tswana ampstaalstatus geniet; die ander is Suid-Afrika, terwyl die grondwet van Namibië Tswana as ’n nasionale taal erken. In Setswana is <a href="/wiki/Voorvoegsel" title="Voorvoegsel">voorvoegsels</a> belangriker as in baie ander tale, aangesien Setswana ’n <a href="/wiki/Bantoetale" title="Bantoetale">Bantoetaal</a> is en naamwoordklasse met dié voorvoegsels aangedui word. Hulle sluit in Bo, wat na die land verwys, Ba, verwysende na die volk, Mo, na een persoon en Se na die taal. Byvoorbeeld is die grootste etniese groep van Botswana die Tswana, vandaar die naam Botswana vir hul land. Die volk in sy geheel is die Batswana, een persoon is ’n Motswana en die taal wat hulle praat is Setswana. Ander tale wat in Botswana gebesig word sluit in Kalanga (sekalanga), Sarwa (sesarwa), <a href="/wiki/Noord-Ndebele" title="Noord-Ndebele">Noord-Ndebele</a>, Kgalagadi, <a href="/wiki/Noord-Sotho_(taal)" title="Noord-Sotho (taal)">Tswapong</a>, !Xóõ, Yeyi en <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>. Sowat 20 000 mense in Botswana praat Afrikaans (byna 1% van die totale bevolking) en veral langs die suidelike grens met Suid-Afrika is talle dorpe met Afrikaanse name te vinde. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Godsdienste">Godsdienste</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Godsdienste" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Godsdienste">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:MolepololeChurch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/MolepololeChurch.jpg/220px-MolepololeChurch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/MolepololeChurch.jpg/330px-MolepololeChurch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/MolepololeChurch.jpg/440px-MolepololeChurch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>'n Kerk in <a href="/wiki/Molepolole" title="Molepolole">Molepolole</a></figcaption></figure> ’n Geskatte 77% van die land se bevolking beskou hulself as <a href="/wiki/Christene" title="Christene">Christene</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anglikaanse_Kerk_van_Suider-Afrika" title="Anglikaanse Kerk van Suider-Afrika">Anglikane</a>, Metodiste en die Verenigde Kongregasionale Kerk van Suider-Afrika vorm die meerderheid Christene. Daar is ook gemeentes Lutherane, Baptiste, <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katolieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katolieke Kerk">Rooms-Katolieke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerk_van_Jesus_Christus_van_die_Heiliges_van_die_Laaste_Dae" title="Kerk van Jesus Christus van die Heiliges van die Laaste Dae">Kerk van Jesus Christus van die Heiliges van die Laaste Dae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mormone" title="Mormone">Mormone</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nederduitse_Gereformeerde_Kerkfamilie" title="Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerkfamilie">Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerkfamilie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mennonisme" title="Mennonisme">Mennonite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sewendedagadventisme" title="Sewendedagadventisme">Sewendedagadventiste</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jehovah_se_Getuies" title="Jehovah se Getuies">Jehovah se Getuies</a> in die land. Volgens die 2001-sensus bly sowat 5 000 <a href="/wiki/Moslem" title="Moslem">Moslems</a>, veral uit <a href="/wiki/Suid-Asi%C3%AB" title="Suid-Asië">Suid-Asië</a>, 3 000 <a href="/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme">Hindoes</a> en 700 <a href="/wiki/Baha%E2%80%99i" title="Baha’i">Baha’is</a> in die land. Sowat 20% van die bevolking is ongebonde. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultuur">Kultuur</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Wysig afdeling: Kultuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Kultuur">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Khutse_Kalahari_Lodge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Khutse_Kalahari_Lodge.jpg/220px-Khutse_Kalahari_Lodge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Khutse_Kalahari_Lodge.jpg/330px-Khutse_Kalahari_Lodge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Khutse_Kalahari_Lodge.jpg/440px-Khutse_Kalahari_Lodge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>’n <a href="/wiki/Rondawel" title="Rondawel">Rondawel</a> by Khutse Kalahari Lodge, Botswana</figcaption></figure> Setswana is, behalwe vir die taal van die dominante bevolkingsgroep in Botswana, die byvoeglike naamwoord wat gebruik word om na die ryk kulturele tradisies van die Batswana te verwys – hetsy vir lede van die Tswana of alle burgers van Botswana. In Botswana het die meeste van die stamme verskeie maniere om mekaar te groet, maar vir ’n maklike kommunikasie en kontak gebruik Batswana ’n drierigtingshanddruk of groet mekaar net deur “Dumelang” te sê; ’n manier om “hallo” te sê sonder fisiese kontak. Tydens gemeenskapsvieringe soos Dikgafela of tydens huwelikseremonies toon Batswana-vroue deur die gebruik van ululasies as deel van hul kultuur opwinding en geluk. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Wysig afdeling: Media" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Media">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Radio_Personality.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio_Personality.jpg/220px-Radio_Personality.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio_Personality.jpg/330px-Radio_Personality.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio_Personality.jpg/440px-Radio_Personality.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Radiopersoneel in Botswana se Staatsradio</figcaption></figure> Botswana het vyf televisiestasies, waarvan een (Botswana television) aan die regering behoort: Now TV, Khuduga HD, Maru TV, EBotswana, vyf radiostasies (RB1, RB2, Duma FM, Gabz FM, Yarona FM) en 13 koerante (Mmegi, Sunday Standard, The Telegraph, Business Weekely, Botswana Gazette, The Voice, The Guardian, Echo, Botswana Peoples daily, DailyNews, Tswana Times, Weekend Post, The Monitor) wat weekliks publiseer. Botswana geniet in vergelyking met ander Afrikalande ’n relatief hoë vlak van persvryheid en word in die jaarlikse verslae net deur sy buurlande Namibië en Suid-Afrika oortref.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmbedryf">Filmbedryf</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Wysig afdeling: Filmbedryf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Filmbedryf">wysig bron</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Botswana_se_filmbedryf" title="Botswana se filmbedryf">Botswana se filmbedryf</a>.</div></dd></dl> Botswana het ’n klein plaaslike rolprentbedryf bekend as “Botswood”.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Die 1981-komedie “<a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Must_Be_Crazy" title="The Gods Must Be Crazy">The Gods Must Be Crazy</a>” speel af in Botswana en het ’n groot internasionale treffer geword; dit strek oor een amptelike en drie nieamptelike vervolgverhale: 1988 se “The Gods Must Be Crazy II” was ook ’n treffer wat beide die rolprente en die Namibiese akteur <a href="/wiki/N!xau" title="N!xau">Nǃxau ǂToma</a> ’n bekende rolprentster gemaak het.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musiek">Musiek</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Wysig afdeling: Musiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Musiek">wysig bron</a>]</div> Botswana se musiek is meestal vokaal en opgevoer, soms – afhangende van die geleentheid – sonder tromme; dikwels word ook <a href="/wiki/Snaarinstrument" title="Snaarinstrument">snaarinstrumente</a> ingespan. Botswana se volksmusiek span instrumente soos setinkane (’n soort miniatuurklavier), segankure/segaba (’n Botswana-weergawe van die Chinese instrument erhu), moropa (meropa – meervoud, ’n verskeidenheid dromme), phala (’n fluitjie wat meestal tydens vieringe gebruik word en in verskillende vorme bestaan). Botswana se kulturele musiekinstrumente bestaan nie net uit snare of tromme nie. Die hande word ook as musiekinstrumente gebruik, deur hulle óf aanmekaar te klap óf teen phathisi (die bokvel is na buite gedraai, toegedraai om die kalfgebied, en word slegs deur mans gebruik) om musiek en ritme te skep. Die kitaar word die afgelope paar dekades gevier as ’n veelsydige musiekinstrument vir Tswanamusiek, aangesien dit ’n verskeidenheid snare bied wat die segaba-instrument nie het nie. Die nasionale volkslied is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatshe_leno_la_rona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatshe leno la rona (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fatshe leno la rona</a> (Tswana vir: “Geseënd is die edele land”). Dit is geskryf en komponeer deur Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete, en met onafhanklikheid in 1966 aangeneem.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visuele_kunste">Visuele kunste</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Wysig afdeling: Visuele kunste" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Visuele kunste">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg/220px-Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg/330px-Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg/440px-Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1563" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boesmanrotskuns" title="Boesmanrotskuns">Boesmanrotskuns</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tsodilo" title="Tsodilo">Tsodilo</a></figcaption></figure> In die noordelike dele van Botswana is die vroue van die dorpe Etsha en Gumare bekend vir hul vaardighede om mandjies uit Mokola-palmbome en plaaslike kleurstowwe te maak. Die mandjies word gewoonlik op drie soorte geweef: groot, toegemaakte mandjies wat gebruik word as bergplekke; groot, oop mandjies om voorwerpe op die kop te dra of om gedorste graan te wen; en kleiner mandjies vir die wen van geskilde graan. Die kuns van dié mandjies word deur kleurgebruik en verbeterde ontwerpe geleidelik verbeter namate dit toenemend vir internasionale markte geproduseer word.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunninghamMilton1987-118">[118]</a> Die oudste skilderye in beide Botswana en Suid-Afrika beeld jag-, dier- en menslike figure uit en is meer as twintigduisend jaar gelede in die Kalahari-woestyn deur die Khoisan (!Kung San/Boesmans) gemaak. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kookkuns">Kookkuns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Wysig afdeling: Kookkuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Kookkuns">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Boerewors_raw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Boerewors_raw.jpg/220px-Boerewors_raw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Boerewors_raw.jpg/330px-Boerewors_raw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Boerewors_raw.jpg/440px-Boerewors_raw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>’n Rol rou boerewors</figcaption></figure> Botswana se kookkuns is uniek en bevat meestal seswaa, geskilde vleis gemaak van bokvleis of beesvleis. Botswana se kookkuns deel ’n paar kenmerke met ander kookkunste in Suider-Afrika, veral dié van Namibië en Suid-Afrika. Voorbeelde van Botswana-voedsel sluit in <a href="/wiki/Mieliepap" title="Mieliepap">Bogobe</a>, pap (mieliepap), <a href="/wiki/Boerewors" title="Boerewors">boerewors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stampmielies" title="Stampmielies">samp</a>, Magwinya (gebraaide brooddeeg), <a href="/wiki/Vetkoek" title="Vetkoek">vetkoek</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mopaniemot" title="Mopaniemot">Mopaniewurms</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Wysig afdeling: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Sport">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Montsho_Felix_Daegu_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Montsho_Felix_Daegu_2011.jpg/220px-Montsho_Felix_Daegu_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Montsho_Felix_Daegu_2011.jpg/330px-Montsho_Felix_Daegu_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Montsho_Felix_Daegu_2011.jpg/440px-Montsho_Felix_Daegu_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1331" /></a><figcaption>Amantle Montsho het in 2011 Allyson Felix naelskraaps verslaan en Botswana se eerste Wêreld- of Olimpiese baan- en veldkampioen geword</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:800_m_men_final_London_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/800_m_men_final_London_2017.jpg/220px-800_m_men_final_London_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/800_m_men_final_London_2017.jpg/330px-800_m_men_final_London_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/800_m_men_final_London_2017.jpg/440px-800_m_men_final_London_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1331" /></a><figcaption>Botswana se Olimpiese medaljewenner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nijel_Amos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nijel Amos (bladsy bestaan nie)">Nijel Amos</a> (middel)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sokker" title="Sokker">Sokker</a> is die gewildste <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sportsoort</a> in Botswana en hul kwalifisering vir die <a href="/wiki/Afrikanasiesbeker" title="Afrikanasiesbeker">Afrikanasiesbeker</a> 2013 is die nasionale span se beste prestasie tot dusver. Ander gewilde sportsoorte sluit in <a href="/wiki/Sagtebal" title="Sagtebal">sagtebal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krieket" title="Krieket">krieket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby" title="Rugby">rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pluimbal" title="Pluimbal">pluimbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handbal" title="Handbal">handbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gholf" title="Gholf">gholf</a> en <a href="/wiki/Atletiek" title="Atletiek">atletiek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Botswana is ’n assosiaatlid van die <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Krieketraad" title="Internasionale Krieketraad">Internasionale Krieketraad</a> en ’n volle lid van beide <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> en <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldrugby" title="Wêreldrugby">Wêreldrugby</a>. Botswana het in 1991 ’n lid van die Internasionale Pluimbalfederasie en die Afrika Pluimbalfederasie geword. Die Botswana Gholfunie bied ’n amateur gholfliga waaraan gholfspelers aan toernooie en kampioenskappe deelneem. Botswana het sy eerste Olimpiese medalje in 2012 gewen, toe die hardloper <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nijel_Amos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nijel Amos (bladsy bestaan nie)">Nijel Amos</a> tydens die <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_2012" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 2012">Olimpiese Somerspele 2012</a> se 800 m-item die silwermedalje ingepalm het. In 2011 het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amantle_Montsho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amantle Montsho (bladsy bestaan nie)">Amantle Montsho</a> wêreldkampioen in die 400 m-item geword en Botswana se eerste atletiekmedalje op wêreldvlak gewen. Die hoogspringer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabelo_Kgosiemang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabelo Kgosiemang (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kabelo Kgosiemang</a> is ’n driemalige Afrikakampioen. Die <a href="/wiki/Kaartspeletjie" title="Kaartspeletjie">kaartspeletjie</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brug_(kaartspeletjie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brug (kaartspeletjie) (bladsy bestaan nie)">brug</a> het ’n groot aanhangerskap; dit word sedert meer as 30 jaar in Botswana gespeel en het gedurende die 1980’s groot gewildheid verwerf. Baie uitgewekene Britse onderwysers het die spel informeel in die hoërskole van Botswana aangebied. Die Botswana Brugfederasie (BBF) is in 1988 gestig en organiseer sedertdien toernooie. Brug het gewild gebly en die BBF het meer as 800 lede.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In 2007 het die BBF die Engelse Brugunie genooi om in Mei 2008 aan ’n weeklange onderrigprogram deel te neem.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderwys">Onderwys</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Wysig afdeling: Onderwys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Onderwys">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lady_Physicist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lady_Physicist.jpg/220px-Lady_Physicist.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lady_Physicist.jpg/330px-Lady_Physicist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lady_Physicist.jpg/440px-Lady_Physicist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Fisici in ’n laboratorium by die Botswana Internasionale Universiteit van Wetenskap en Tegnologie</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:University_of_Botswana_Administration_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/University_of_Botswana_Administration_Building.jpg/220px-University_of_Botswana_Administration_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/University_of_Botswana_Administration_Building.jpg/330px-University_of_Botswana_Administration_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/University_of_Botswana_Administration_Building.jpg/440px-University_of_Botswana_Administration_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Die Universiteit van Botswana se administratiewe gebou</figcaption></figure> Botswana het sedert sy onafhanklikheid groot vordering in sy opvoedkundige ontwikkeling gemaak. Destyds was daar min afgestudeerdes in die land en net ’n klein persentasie van die bevolking het ’n hoërskool besoek. Botswana het sy geletterdheid onder volwassenes van 69% in 1991 tot 83% in 2008 verbeter.<a href="#cite_note-ref-123">[123]</a> Die ontdekking van diamante en die gepaardgaande toename in die regering se inkomste het tot ’n groot onderwysvoorsiening in die land gelei. Vir alle studente is tien jaar se basiese onderwys gewaarborg, en hulle het daarna ’n juniorsertifikaat ontvang. Sowat die helfte van die studente het ’n verdere twee jaar se sekondêre skoolopleiding bygewoon en Botswana se algemene sertifikaat van sekondêre skoolopleiding (BASSS) ontvang. Sekondêre skoolopleiding in Botswana is nóg vry nóg verpligtend. Nadat hulle die skool verlaat het, mag studente aan een van die sewe tegniese kolleges in die land inskryf, of beroepsopleidingskursusse in onderrig of verpleging bywoon. Studente besoek die Universiteit van Botswana, Botswana Kollege van Landbou, Botswana Internasionale Universiteit van Wetenskap en Tegnologie of die Botswana Rekenkundigekollege in Gaborone. Baie ander studente voltooi hul skoolloopbaan in een van verskeie privaat tersiêre onderwyskolleges in die land. Noemenswaardig is die Botho-universiteit, die land se eerste privaatuniversiteit wat voorgraadse programme in rekenkunde, sakeonderneming en rekenaarkunde aanbied. ’n Ander internasionale universiteit is die Limkokwing-universiteit van kreatiewe tegnologie wat verskeie bykomende grade in kreatiewe kunste aanbied.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Van die ander tersiêre institute sluit in Ba Isago, ABM Universiteitskollege (die grootste skool vir onderwys en bestuur, New Era, Gaborone Instituut van professionele studies en Gaborone Universiteitskollege van Reg en Professionele Studies. Groot vordering in die bevordering van kwaliteitsopleiding is deur die aanbieders van privaatonderwys gemaak, waardeur nou ’n groot persentasie van die land se beste studente hul opleiding in hierdie instellings ontvang het. Die oorgrote meerderheid van hierdie studente word deur die regering geborg. Die land se tweede internasionale universiteit, die Botswana Internationale Universiteit van Wetenskap en Tegnologie is in 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Palapye" title="Palapye">Palapye</a> gebou. Die kwantiteit het nie altyd met die kwaliteit gepaard gegaan nie. Veral primêre skole ly onder ’n gebreek aan hulpmiddels, en die onderwysers ontvang ’n kleiner salaris as hul kollegas by sekondêre skole. Die Departement van Onderwys<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> is tans besig, in vennootskap met die Afrika-biblioteeksprojek, om biblioteke by primêre skole in te rig.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Die regering van Botswana hoop dat deur die belê van ’n groot deel van die nasionale inkomste in die onderwysstelsel die land minder afhanklik van diamante vir sy ekonomiese oorlewing en minder afhanklik van buitelandse opgeleide werknemers sal wees.<a href="#cite_note-UNEVOC-127">[127]</a> Dié doelstellings word deels nagestreef deur beleid ten gunste van beroepsonderwys, versamel binne die NBBOO (Nasionale Beleid van Beroepsonderwys en -opleiding), ten einde van “die verskillende soorte beroepsonderwys en -opleiding in een omvattende stelsel te integreer”.<a href="#cite_note-UNEVOC-127">[127]</a> Botswana belê 21% van sy nasionale inkomste in die onderwysstelsel.<a href="#cite_note-ref-123">[123]</a> In Januarie 2006 het Botswana, na twee dekades se gratisonderrig, die herinvoering van skoolgeld aangekondig,<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> alhoewel die regering nog steeds volle studiebeurse met lewenskoste aan enige Botswana-burger op universiteit aanbied, hetsy aan die Universiteit van Botswana of – indien die student enige vak wil studeer wat nie plaaslik aangebied word nie – in die buiteland. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gesondheid">Gesondheid</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Wysig afdeling: Gesondheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Gesondheid">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oorsig">Oorsig</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Wysig afdeling: Oorsig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Oorsig">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die Ministerie van Gesondheid in Botswana is verantwoordelik vir die toesig oor die gehalte en voorsiening van gesondheidsorg regoor die land. Volgens die <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldbank" title="Wêreldbank">Wêreldbank</a> was die lewensverwagting by geboorte 55 in 2009, wat voorheen gedaal het van ’n hoogtepunt van 64,1 in 1990 tot ’n laagtepunt van 49 in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Volgens Botswana se 2011-sensus word die huidige lewensverwagting op 54,06 jaar beraam.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Die Kankervereniging van Botswana is ’n vrywillige nieregeringsorganisasie. Die vereniging is ’n lid van die Unie vir Internasionale Kankerbeheer. Die Vereniging vul bestaande dienste aan deur die voorsiening van kankervoorkomings- en gesondheidsbewustheidsprogramme, deur toegang tot gesondheidsdienste vir kankerpasiënte te vergemaklik en ondersteuning en berading aan diegene wat geraak word, te bied.<a href="#cite_note-UICC_Cancer_Association_of_Botswana-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MIV/vigs-epidemie">MIV/vigs-epidemie</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Wysig afdeling: MIV/vigs-epidemie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: MIV/vigs-epidemie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg/220px-Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg/330px-Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg/440px-Life_expectancy_in_select_Southern_African_countries_1960-2012.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>Die lewensverwagting in verskillende Afrikalande van 1960 tot 2012. Botswana het die hoogste lewensverwagting gehad voordat MIV/vigs dit in die laat 1980’s begin verminder het</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Scottish_Livingstone_Hospital_228.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Scottish_Livingstone_Hospital_228.jpg/220px-Scottish_Livingstone_Hospital_228.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Scottish_Livingstone_Hospital_228.jpg/330px-Scottish_Livingstone_Hospital_228.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Scottish_Livingstone_Hospital_228.jpg/440px-Scottish_Livingstone_Hospital_228.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>Die nuwe Skotse Livingstone-hospitaal in Molepolole</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Botswana_-_active_pop_vs_aids.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Botswana_-_active_pop_vs_aids.png/220px-Botswana_-_active_pop_vs_aids.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Botswana_-_active_pop_vs_aids.png/330px-Botswana_-_active_pop_vs_aids.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Botswana_-_active_pop_vs_aids.png/440px-Botswana_-_active_pop_vs_aids.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Projeksie van Botswana se bevolking met en sonder MIV/vigs</figcaption></figure> Soos elders in Afrika suid van die Sahara is die <a href="/wiki/Invloed_van_vigs_op_die_ekonomie" title="Invloed van vigs op die ekonomie">invloed van vigs op die ekonomie</a> aansienlik. Ekonomiese ontwikkelingsbesteding is in 2002–3 met 10% verminder as gevolg van herhalende begrotingstekorte en toenemende uitgawes aan gesondheidsorgdienste. Botswana word baie swaar deur die MIV/vigs-pandemie getref; in 2006 word beraam dat die lewensverwagting by geboorte van 65 tot 35 jaar gedaal het.<a href="#cite_note-Kallings-131">[131]</a> Volgens Botswana se 2011-sensus word die huidige lewensverwagting egter op 54,06 jaar beraam.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Die voorkoms van MIV/vigs in Botswana word op 25,4% vir volwassenes tussen 15 en 49 jaar in 2009 en 21,9% in 2013 geskat,<a href="#cite_note-Gap-17">[17]</a> en net deur <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> en <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> in Afrikalande suid van die Sahara oortref. Dit plaas Botswana in 2013 op die derde hoogste voorkoms in die wêreld, terwyl hulle “in die voorkomings- en behandelingsprogramme voorloop".<a href="#cite_note-Avert-132">[132]</a> In 2003 het die regering ’n omvattende program van stapel gestuur met gratis of goedkoop generiese antiretrovirale medisyne, sowel as ’n inligtingsveldtog om die verspreiding van die virus te voorkom; in 2013 het meer as 40% van volwassenes in Botswana toegang tot antiretrovirale terapie geniet.<a href="#cite_note-Gap-17">[17]</a> In die ouderdomsgroep van 15–19 jaar is die voorkoms op ongeveer 6% vir vroue en 3,5% vir mans in 2013 geskat,<a href="#cite_note-Gap-17">[17]</a> en in die ouderdomsgroep van 20–24 jaar op 15% vir vroue en 5% vir mans.<a href="#cite_note-Gap-17">[17]</a> Botswana is een van die 21 prioriteitslande wat in 2011 deur die VN-VIGS-groep in die Wêreldplan geïdentifiseer is om nuwe MIV-infeksies onder kinders uit te skakel en om hul moeders aan die lewe te hou.<a href="#cite_note-Gap-17">[17]</a> Van 2009 tot 2013 het die nuwe MIV-infeksies by kinders met meer as 50% gedaal.<a href="#cite_note-Gap-17">[17]</a> ’n Verdere maatstaf vir die sukses of rede vir hoop in die behandeling van MIV in Botswana is dat minder as 10% van swanger MIV-geïnfekteerde vroue nie in 2013 antiretrovirale medikasie ontvang het nie, met ’n ooreenstemmende afname (meer as 50%) in 2013 in die aantal nuwe MIV-infeksies by kinders jonger as 5.<a href="#cite_note-Gap-17">[17]</a> Mense wat met MIV in Botswana leef geniet die grootste persentasie antiretrovirale behandeling onder die VN-lande: ongeveer 75% vir volwassenes (15+) en ongeveer 98% vir kinders.<a href="#cite_note-Gap-17">[17]</a> Met ’n landswye program vir die voorkoming van moeder-tot-kind-oordrag het Botswana MIV-oordrag van besmette moeders na hul kinders van ongeveer 40% tot net 4% verminder. Onder leiding van Festus Mogae het die regering van Botswana vir die bestryding van MIV/vigs hulp gevra en vroeë steun van die Bill en Melinda Gates-stigting, en die Merck-stigting ontvang, en saam het hulle die Afrika-omvattende MIV/vigs-vennootskap (ACHAP) gevorm. Ander vroeë vennote sluit in die Botswana-Harvard MIV/vigs-instituut van die Harvard-skool vir openbare gesondheid en die Botswana-UPenn-vennootskap van die Universiteit van Pennsilvanië. Volgens die UNAIDS-verslag van 2011 is die doel van universele toegang tot behandeling – gedefinieer as 80%-dekking of groter – in Botswana bereik.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Potensiële redes vir die hoë voorkoms van MIV in Botswana is onder meer seksuele vennootskappe, transaksionele <a href="/wiki/Seks" title="Seks">seks</a>, geslag oor die hele generasie en ’n beduidende aantal mense wat buite hul plaaslike gemeenskappe reis om werk te soek. Die <a href="/wiki/Poliamorie" title="Poliamorie">veelkleurige</a> aard van baie seksuele verhoudings beïnvloed die gesondheidsituasie verder, tot so ’n mate dat dit aanleiding gegee het tot ’n liefdeswoordeskat<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> wat uniek is aan die streek. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook">wysig bron</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posse%C3%ABls_en_posgeskiedenis_van_Betsjoeanaland" title="Posseëls en posgeskiedenis van Betsjoeanaland">Posseëls en posgeskiedenis van Betsjoeanaland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIA-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-0">1,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-1">1,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-2">1,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-3">1,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-4">1,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-5">1,5</a> (en) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/">"Botswana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Besoek op 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fbotswana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Population%20Distribution%20Structure%20and%20Density%20in%20Botswana.pdf">"Population and Housing Census 2022 : Population Distribution Structure and Density in Botswana"</a> (PDF). Statistiek Botswana. Besoek op 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Housing+Census+2022+%3A+Population+Distribution+Structure+and+Density+in+Botswana&rft.pub=Statistiek+Botswana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statsbots.org.bw%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2FPopulation%2520Distribution%2520Structure%2520and%2520Density%2520in%2520Botswana.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_3-0">3,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_3-1">3,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_3-2">3,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_3-3">3,3</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=616,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"Botswana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">Internasionale Monetêre Fonds</a>. Oktober 2024. Besoek op 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana&rft.pub=Internasionale+Monet%C3%AAre+Fonds&rft.date=2024-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2024%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D616%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2022%26ey%3D2029%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/2024"</a> (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 Maart 2024. Besoek op 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F2024&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW">"Gini Index – Botswana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldbank" title="Wêreldbank">Wêreldbank</a>. Besoek op 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+Index+%E2%80%93+Botswana&rft.pub=W%C3%AAreldbank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DBW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://generalknowledgefacts.com/2013/09/bechuanaland-was-former-name-of-botswana.html">"Bechuanaland was the former name of Botswana"</a>. generalknowledgefacts.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017225723/http://www.generalknowledgefacts.com/2013/09/bechuanaland-was-former-name-of-botswana.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 17 Oktober 2018. Besoek op 20 Februarie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=generalknowledgefacts.com&rft.atitle=Bechuanaland+was+the+former+name+of+Botswana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeneralknowledgefacts.com%2F2013%2F09%2Fbechuanaland-was-former-name-of-botswana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids-7"><a href="#cite_ref-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids_7-0">↑</a> HAT Taal-en-feitegids, Pearson, Desember 2013, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781775782438" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-77578-243-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/overview">"overview of CPI indices"</a>. Transparency International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414092122/https://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/overview">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 14 April 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=overview+of+CPI+indices&rft.pub=Transparency+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fresearch%2Fcpi%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/431726.stm">"BBC News | Africa | Election for Africa's oldest democracy"</a>. news.bbc.co.uk. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+News+%7C+Africa+%7C+Election+for+Africa%27s+oldest+democracy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F431726.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDarwa2011" class="citation book cs1">Darwa, P. Opoku (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114113821/http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Multinational%20(Zambia-Bostwana)%20-%20AR%20-%20Kazungula%20Bridge%20Project.pdf">Kazungula Bridge Project</a> (PDF). African Development Fund. p. Appendix IV. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Multinational%20(Zambia-Bostwana)%20-%20AR%20-%20Kazungula%20Bridge%20Project.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 14 November 2012. Besoek op 4 Mei 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kazungula+Bridge+Project&rft.pages=Appendix+IV&rft.pub=African+Development+Fund&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Darwa&rft.aufirst=P.+Opoku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afdb.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fuploads%2Fafdb%2FDocuments%2FProject-and-Operations%2FMultinational%2520%28Zambia-Bostwana%29%2520-%2520AR%2520-%2520Kazungula%2520Bridge%2520Project.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/location">"Location"</a>. Botswana Tourism. 19 Maart 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botswana+Tourism&rft.atitle=Location&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.botswanatourism.co.bw%2Flocation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBrownlie;_Burns,_Ian_R.1979" class="citation book cs1">Brownlie; Burns, Ian R., Ian (1979). "Botswana-Zambia (Quadripoint issue)". African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopaedia. <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a>: C. Hurst & Co. pp. 1098–1108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-903983-87-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-903983-87-7"><bdi>0-903983-87-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Botswana-Zambia+%28Quadripoint+issue%29&rft.btitle=African+Boundaries%3A+A+Legal+and+Diplomatic+Encyclopaedia&rft.place=Londen&rft.pages=1098-1108&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-903983-87-7&rft.aulast=Brownlie%3B+Burns%2C+Ian+R.&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFAkweenda1997" class="citation book cs1">Akweenda, Sackey (23 April 1997). "VI: Quadripoint Theory". International Law and the Protection of Namibia’s Territorial Integrity. <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a>: Martinus Nijhoff. pp. 201–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/90-411-0412-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/90-411-0412-7"><bdi>90-411-0412-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=VI%3A+Quadripoint+Theory&rft.btitle=International+Law+and+the+Protection+of+Namibia%E2%80%99s+Territorial+Integrity&rft.place=Nederland&rft.pages=201-3&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff&rft.date=1997-04-23&rft.isbn=90-411-0412-7&rft.aulast=Akweenda&rft.aufirst=Sackey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13041658">"Botswana profile"</a>. BBC News. 19 Maart 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322081533/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13041658">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 Maart 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Botswana+profile&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-13041658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMaundeniMpabangaMfundisi2007" class="citation web cs1">Maundeni, Zibani; Mpabanga, Dorothy; Mfundisi, Adam (1 Januarie 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/">"Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa : Botswana"</a>. Africa Portal. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africa+Portal&rft.atitle=Consolidating+Democratic+Governance+in+Southern+Africa+%3A+Botswana&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.aulast=Maundeni&rft.aufirst=Zibani&rft.au=Mpabanga%2C+Dorothy&rft.au=Mfundisi%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africaportal.org%2Fpublications%2Fconsolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm">"Gross national income (GNI) – Nations Online Project"</a>. Nationsonline.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010232525/https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 10 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+national+income+%28GNI%29+%E2%80%93+Nations+Online+Project&rft.pub=Nationsonline.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationsonline.org%2Foneworld%2FGNI_PPP_of_countries.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gap-17">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Gap_17-0">17,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gap_17-1">17,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gap_17-2">17,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gap_17-3">17,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gap_17-4">17,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gap_17-5">17,5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gap_17-6">17,6</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gap_17-7">17,7</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gap_17-8">17,8</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf">"The Gap Report"</a> (PDF). Geneva: UN AIDS. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227164706/http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf">Geargiveer</a> (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 27 Februarie 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gap+Report&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=UN+AIDS&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.unaids.org%2Fen%2Fmedia%2Funaids%2Fcontentassets%2Fdocuments%2Funaidspublication%2F2014%2FUNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/botswana">"HIV and Aids in Botswana"</a>. Avert International Aids Charity. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200425061756/https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/botswana">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 April 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HIV+and+Aids+in+Botswana&rft.pub=Avert+International+Aids+Charity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avert.org%2Fprofessionals%2Fhiv-around-world%2Fsub-saharan-africa%2Fbotswana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBolaaneMgadla1997" class="citation book cs1">Bolaane, Maitseo; Mgadla, Part Themba (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=J6tBlca35ZwC&">Batswana</a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8239-2008-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8239-2008-2"><bdi>978-0-8239-2008-2</bdi></a>. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batswana&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8239-2008-2&rft.aulast=Bolaane&rft.aufirst=Maitseo&rft.au=Mgadla%2C+Part+Themba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ6tBlca35ZwC%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/">"Botswanan or Batswana? It's complicated – Voices of Africa"</a>. Voices of Africa. 17 Augustus 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190701094543/https://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 Julie 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswanan+or+Batswana%3F+It%27s+complicated+%E2%80%93+Voices+of+Africa&rft.pub=Voices+of+Africa&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoicesofafrica.co.za%2Fbotswanan-batswana-its-complicated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMorton,_F.;_Ramsay,_J._en_Mgadla,_T.2008" class="citation book cs1">Morton, F.; Ramsay, J. en Mgadla, T. (2008). Historical Dictionary of Botswana. Scarecrow Pres. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8108-5467-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8108-5467-3"><bdi>978-0-8108-5467-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Botswana&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Pres&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5467-3&rft.au=Morton%2C+F.%3B+Ramsay%2C+J.+en+Mgadla%2C+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-NAT-20191028-22"><a href="#cite_ref-NAT-20191028_22-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFChanTimmermannBaldiMoore2019" class="citation journal cs1">Chan, Eva KF; Timmermann, Axel; Baldi, Benedetta F.; Moore, Andy E.; Lyons, Ruth J.; Lee, Sun-Seon; Kalsbeek, Anton MF; Petersen, Desiree C.; Rautenbach, Hannes; Förtsch, Hagen EA; Bornman, MS Riana; Hayes, Vanessa M. (28 Oktober 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1714-1">"Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations"</a>. Nature. Nature Research. 575 (7781): 185–189. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1714-1">10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31659339">31659339</a>. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Human+origins+in+a+southern+African+palaeo-wetland+and+first+migrations&rft.volume=575&rft.issue=7781&rft.pages=185-189&rft.date=2019-10-28&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31659339&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1714-1&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Eva+KF&rft.au=Timmermann%2C+Axel&rft.au=Baldi%2C+Benedetta+F.&rft.au=Moore%2C+Andy+E.&rft.au=Lyons%2C+Ruth+J.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Sun-Seon&rft.au=Kalsbeek%2C+Anton+MF&rft.au=Petersen%2C+Desiree+C.&rft.au=Rautenbach%2C+Hannes&rft.au=F%C3%B6rtsch%2C+Hagen+EA&rft.au=Bornman%2C+MS+Riana&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Vanessa+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-019-1714-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SA-20191028-23"><a href="#cite_ref-SA-20191028_23-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward2019" class="citation news cs1">Woodward, Aylin (28 Oktober 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/new-study-finds-the-ancestral-homeland-of-all-humans-alive-today">"New Study Pinpoints The Ancestral Homeland of All Humans Alive Today"</a>. ScienceAlert.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191224173201/https://www.sciencealert.com/new-study-finds-the-ancestral-homeland-of-all-humans-alive-today">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 Desember 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ScienceAlert.com&rft.atitle=New+Study+Pinpoints+The+Ancestral+Homeland+of+All+Humans+Alive+Today&rft.date=2019-10-28&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Aylin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencealert.com%2Fnew-study-finds-the-ancestral-homeland-of-all-humans-alive-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFStaursetCoulson2014" class="citation journal cs1">Staurset, S.; Coulson, S. (2014). "Sub-surface movement of stone artefacts at White Paintings Shelter, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana: Implications for the Middle Stone Age chronology of central southern Africa". Journal of Human Evolution. 75: 153–65. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2014.04.006">10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24953669">24953669</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Evolution&rft.atitle=Sub-surface+movement+of+stone+artefacts+at+White+Paintings+Shelter%2C+Tsodilo+Hills%2C+Botswana%3A+Implications+for+the+Middle+Stone+Age+chronology+of+central+southern+Africa&rft.volume=75&rft.pages=153-65&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2014.04.006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24953669&rft.aulast=Staurset&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWilmsen,_E.1989" class="citation book cs1">Wilmsen, E. (1989). Land Filled With Flies: A Political Economy of the Kalahari. Chicago: Chicago University Press. pp. 71–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-226-90015-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-226-90015-5"><bdi>978-0-226-90015-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+Filled+With+Flies%3A+A+Political+Economy+of+the+Kalahari&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=71-5&rft.pub=Chicago+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-226-90015-5&rft.au=Wilmsen%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDenbow1986" class="citation journal cs1">Denbow, James (1986). "A New Look at the Later Prehistory of the Kalahari". The Journal of African History. 27 (1): 3–28. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021853700029170">10.1017/S0021853700029170</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/181334">181334</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+African+History&rft.atitle=A+New+Look+at+the+Later+Prehistory+of+the+Kalahari&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-28&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021853700029170&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F181334%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Denbow&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDenbowKlehmDussubieux2015" class="citation journal cs1">Denbow, James; Klehm, Carla; Dussubieux, Laure (April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/glass-beads-of-kaitshaa-and-early-indian-ocean-trade-into-the-far-interior-of-southern-africa/9BB659F4DA38A560EF64C4E8E3F49AFA">"The glass beads of Kaitshàa and early Indian Ocean trade into the far interior of southern Africa"</a>. Antiquity. 89 (344): 361–377. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15184%2Faqy.2014.50">10.15184/aqy.2014.50</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-598X">0003-598X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=The+glass+beads+of+Kaitsh%C3%A0a+and+early+Indian+Ocean+trade+into+the+far+interior+of+southern+Africa&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=344&rft.pages=361-377&rft.date=2015-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15184%2Faqy.2014.50&rft.issn=0003-598X&rft.aulast=Denbow&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Klehm%2C+Carla&rft.au=Dussubieux%2C+Laure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fantiquity%2Farticle%2Fglass-beads-of-kaitshaa-and-early-indian-ocean-trade-into-the-far-interior-of-southern-africa%2F9BB659F4DA38A560EF64C4E8E3F49AFA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMagang,_D.2008" class="citation book cs1">Magang, D. (2008). The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang. <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a>: CASAS. pp. 10–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-920287-70-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-920287-70-2"><bdi>978-1-920287-70-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magic+of+Perseverance%3A+The+Autobiography+of+David+Magang&rft.place=Kaapstad&rft.pages=10-14&rft.pub=CASAS&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-920287-70-2&rft.au=Magang%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFTlou1974" class="citation journal cs1">Tlou, T. (1974). "The Nature of Batswana States: Towards a Theory of Batswana Traditional Government – The Batawana Case". Botswana Notes and Records. 6: 57–75. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0525-5090">0525-5090</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40959210">40959210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botswana+Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=The+Nature+of+Batswana+States%3A+Towards+a+Theory+of+Batswana+Traditional+Government+%E2%80%93+The+Batawana+Case&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=57-75&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40959210%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0525-5090&rft.aulast=Tlou&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMorton" class="citation journal cs1">Morton, Fred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/11134264">"The Rise of a Raiding State: Makaba II's Ngwaketse, 1780–1824"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Rise+of+a+Raiding+State%3A+Makaba+II%27s+Ngwaketse%2C+1780%E2%80%931824&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11134264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#missing_periodical" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMorton,_B.1993" class="citation journal cs1">Morton, B. (1993). "Pre-1904 Population Estimates of the Tswana". Botswana Notes and Records. 25: 89–99. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40979984">40979984</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botswana+Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=Pre-1904+Population+Estimates+of+the+Tswana&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=89-99&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40979984%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Morton%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMORTON2009" class="citation journal cs1">MORTON, BARRY (14 Januarie 2009). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". South African Historical Journal. 36: 220–239. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02582479708671276">10.1080/02582479708671276</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Hunting+Trade+and+the+Reconstruction+of+Northern+Tswana+Societies+after+the+Difaqane%2C+1838%E2%80%931880&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=220-239&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582479708671276&rft.aulast=MORTON&rft.aufirst=BARRY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1997" class="citation journal cs1">Morton, Barry (1997). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". South African Historical Journal. 36: 220–239. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02582479708671276">10.1080/02582479708671276</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Hunting+Trade+and+the+Reconstruction+of+Northern+Tswana+Societies+after+the+Difaqane%2C+1838%E2%80%931880&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=220-239&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582479708671276&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMagang,_D.2008" class="citation book cs1">Magang, D. (2008). The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang. <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a>: CASAS. pp. 28–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-920287-70-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-920287-70-2"><bdi>978-1-920287-70-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magic+of+Perseverance%3A+The+Autobiography+of+David+Magang&rft.place=Kaapstad&rft.pages=28-38&rft.pub=CASAS&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-920287-70-2&rft.au=Magang%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRamsay,_J.1991" class="citation journal cs1">Ramsay, J. (1991). "The Botswana-Boer War of 1852–53: How the Batswana Achieved Victory". Botswana Notes and Records. 23: 193–208. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980851">40980851</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botswana+Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=The+Botswana-Boer+War+of+1852%E2%80%9353%3A+How+the+Batswana+Achieved+Victory&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=193-208&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40980851%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Ramsay%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLandau,_P.1995" class="citation book cs1">Landau, P. (1995). The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in the Southern African Kingdom. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Realm+of+the+Word%3A+Language%2C+Gender%2C+and+Christianity+in+the+Southern+African+Kingdom&rft.pub=Portsmouth%2C+N.H.%3A+Heinemann&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Landau%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFFred_Morton,_Jeff_Ramsay,_Part_Themba_Mgadla2008" class="citation web cs1">Fred Morton, Jeff Ramsay, Part Themba Mgadla (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=PUwlAgAAQBAJ&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+Botswana&hl=de&source=gbs_navlinks_s">"Historical Dictionary of Botswana"</a>. Lanham, Maryland/Oxford: Scarecrow Press. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8108-6404-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8108-6404-7"><bdi>978-0-8108-6404-7</bdi></a>. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Botswana&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland%2FOxford&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6404-7&rft.au=Fred+Morton%2C+Jeff+Ramsay%2C+Part+Themba+Mgadla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPUwlAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DHistorical%2BDictionary%2Bof%2BBotswana%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMortonRamsay" class="citation web cs1">Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/15645705">"The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966"</a>. pp. 4–7. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020 – via academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Invention+and+Perpetuation+of+Botswana%27s+National+Mythology%2C+1885%E2%80%931966&rft.pages=4-7&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.au=Ramsay%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F15645705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMortonRamsay" class="citation web cs1">Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/15645705">"The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966"</a>. pp. 7–11. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020 – via academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Invention+and+Perpetuation+of+Botswana%27s+National+Mythology%2C+1885%E2%80%931966&rft.pages=7-11&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.au=Ramsay%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F15645705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFParsons,_N.1998" class="citation book cs1">Parsons, N. (1998). King Khama, Emperor Joe, and the Great White Queen: Victorian Britain Through African Eyes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Khama%2C+Emperor+Joe%2C+and+the+Great+White+Queen%3A+Victorian+Britain+Through+African+Eyes&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Parsons%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHayes1980" class="citation journal cs1">Hayes, Frank (1980). "South Africa's Departure from the Commonwealth, 1960–1961". The International History Review. 2 (3): 453–484. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07075332.1980.9640222">10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0707-5332">0707-5332</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105085">40105085</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+History+Review&rft.atitle=South+Africa%27s+Departure+from+the+Commonwealth%2C+1960%E2%80%931961&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=453-484&rft.date=1980&rft.issn=0707-5332&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40105085%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07075332.1980.9640222&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EISA-42">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-EISA_42-0">42,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EISA_42-1">42,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805115131/https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/botoverview4.htm">"Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945–1966)"</a>. eisa.org. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/botoverview4.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 5 Augustus 2019. Besoek op 5 Augustus 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eisa.org&rft.atitle=Botswana%3A+Late+British+colonialism+%281945%E2%80%931966%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eisa.org.za%2FWEP%2Fbotoverview4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/fireworksatmidnight.htm">"Fireworks at Midnight"</a>. Britishempire.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025071459/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/fireworksatmidnight.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britishempire.co.uk&rft.atitle=Fireworks+at+Midnight&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishempire.co.uk%2Farticle%2Ffireworksatmidnight.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJenny_Clover2003" class="citation web cs1">Jenny Clover (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307081552/https://issafrica.org/AF/current/botswanasep03.pdf">"Botswana: Future Prospects and the Need for Broad-based Development"</a> (PDF). Institute for Security Studies. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issafrica.org/AF/current/botswanasep03.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 7 Maart 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana%3A+Future+Prospects+and+the+Need+for+Broad-based+Development&rft.pub=Institute+for+Security+Studies&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Jenny+Clover&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissafrica.org%2FAF%2Fcurrent%2Fbotswanasep03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> (en) <cite style="font-style:normal">Smith, Whitney "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Botswana">Botswana, flag of</a>". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. URL besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.title=Botswana%2C+flag+of&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fflag-of-Botswana&rft.source=%5B%5BEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D&rft.publisher=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.">  </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKindersley2008" class="citation book cs1">Kindersley, Dorling (3 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=ZauSgqSl6ekC&pg=PA101&dq=flag+of+botswana&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YEaiUaW6MO220QW_gYGQCQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=flag%20of%20botswana&f=false">Complete Flags of the World</a>. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 101. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Flags+of+the+World&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley+Ltd.&rft.date=2008-11-03&rft.aulast=Kindersley&rft.aufirst=Dorling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZauSgqSl6ekC%26pg%3DPA101%26dq%3Dflag%2Bof%2Bbotswana%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DYEaiUaW6MO220QW_gYGQCQ%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dflag%2520of%2520botswana%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBehnke2009" class="citation book cs1">Behnke, Alison (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/botswanainpictur0000behn">Botswana in Pictures</a>. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/botswanainpictur0000behn/page/51">51</a>. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020. <q>flag of botswana.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Botswana+in+Pictures&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Behnke&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbotswanainpictur0000behn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDale,_Richard1995" class="citation book cs1">Dale, Richard (1995). Botswana se soeke na outonomiteit in suider Afrika. Greenwood Pub Group. pp. 6, 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Botswana+se+soeke+na+outonomiteit+in+suider+Afrika&rft.pages=6%2C+15&rft.pub=Greenwood+Pub+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Dale%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-botswana-president-20180330-story.html">"This former African president stands out — and not just because he once crashed an air force plane"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. 1 April 2018. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+former+African+president+stands+out+%E2%80%94+and+not+just+because+he+once+crashed+an+air+force+plane&rft.pub=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.date=2018-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fla-fg-botswana-president-20180330-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/b7362496-f71a-11e9-9ef3-eca8fc8f2d65">"President Mokgweetsi Masisi holds on to power in Botswana poll"</a>. Financial Times. 25 Oktober 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227082948/https://www.ft.com/content/b7362496-f71a-11e9-9ef3-eca8fc8f2d65">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 27 Februarie 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=President+Mokgweetsi+Masisi+holds+on+to+power+in+Botswana+poll&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fb7362496-f71a-11e9-9ef3-eca8fc8f2d65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-155276.html">"Ian Khama, Masisi feud hits alarming levels – coup possible in Botswana?"</a>. bulawayo24.com. 3 Februarie 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430195040/https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-155276.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 30 April 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ian+Khama%2C+Masisi+feud+hits+alarming+levels+%E2%80%93+coup+possible+in+Botswana%3F&rft.pub=bulawayo24.com&rft.date=2019-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulawayo24.com%2Findex-id-news-sc-national-byo-155276.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/press/en/1999/19991213.icj594.doc.html">"ICJ finds that Kasikili/Sedudu Island forms Part of Territory of Botswana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a>. 13 Desember 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190325191209/https://www.un.org/press/en/1999/19991213.icj594.doc.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 Maart 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICJ+finds+that+Kasikili%2FSedudu+Island+forms+Part+of+Territory+of+Botswana&rft.pub=Verenigde+Nasies&rft.date=1999-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fpress%2Fen%2F1999%2F19991213.icj594.doc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWycliffe_Muia,_Damian_Zane2024" class="citation web cs1">Wycliffe Muia, Damian Zane (1 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c238n5zr51yo">"Botswana ruling party rejected after 58 years in power"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Besoek op 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana+ruling+party+rejected+after+58+years+in+power&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2024-11-01&rft.au=Wycliffe+Muia%2C+Damian+Zane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc238n5zr51yo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDanai_Nesta_Kupemba2024" class="citation web cs1">Danai Nesta Kupemba (1 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2yx5nk1l0o">"Botswana's politician who did the unthinkable"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Besoek op 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana%27s+politician+who+did+the+unthinkable&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2024-11-01&rft.au=Danai+Nesta+Kupemba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcx2yx5nk1l0o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=19055">"Monalanong Hill, Botswana"</a>. Peakbagger.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181218193500/http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=19055">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 18 Desember 2018. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monalanong+Hill%2C+Botswana&rft.pub=Peakbagger.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peakbagger.com%2Fpeak.aspx%3Fpid%3D19055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> (en) General Survey of Climatology, Landsberg (ed.), Elsevier, 2001 </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> (de) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBartholomäus_Grill2019" class="citation web cs1">Bartholomäus Grill (16 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/klimawandel-duerre-in-sambia-afrika-a-1287013.html">"Drohende Katastrophe in Sambia: „Die fürchterlichste Dürre, an die sich Menschen erinnern können""</a>. Spiegel Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200401001148/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/klimawandel-duerre-in-sambia-afrika-a-1287013.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 April 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drohende+Katastrophe+in+Sambia%3A+%E2%80%9EDie+f%C3%BCrchterlichste+D%C3%BCrre%2C+an+die+sich+Menschen+erinnern+k%C3%B6nnen%E2%80%9C&rft.pub=Spiegel+Online&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft.au=Bartholom%C3%A4us+Grill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fausland%2Fklimawandel-duerre-in-sambia-afrika-a-1287013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> (de) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/elefanten-dramatisches-elefantensterben-in-afrika-a-1110409.html">"Dramatisches Elefantensterben in Afrika"</a>. Spiegel Online. 1 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181218050731/http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/elefanten-dramatisches-elefantensterben-in-afrika-a-1110409.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 18 Desember 2018. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dramatisches+Elefantensterben+in+Afrika&rft.pub=Spiegel+Online&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fwissenschaft%2Fnatur%2Felefanten-dramatisches-elefantensterben-in-afrika-a-1110409.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> (de) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFCristina_Karrer2019" class="citation web cs1">Cristina Karrer (7 Mei 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srf.ch/news/panorama/kontroverser-artenschutz-elefanten-toeten-damit-sie-ueberleben-koennen">"Kontroverser Artenschutz – Elefanten töten, damit sie überleben können?"</a>. srf.ch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602160341/https://www.srf.ch/news/panorama/kontroverser-artenschutz-elefanten-toeten-damit-sie-ueberleben-koennen">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 Junie 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=srf.ch&rft.atitle=Kontroverser+Artenschutz+%E2%80%93+Elefanten+t%C3%B6ten%2C+damit+sie+%C3%BCberleben+k%C3%B6nnen%3F&rft.date=2019-05-07&rft.au=Cristina+Karrer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.srf.ch%2Fnews%2Fpanorama%2Fkontroverser-artenschutz-elefanten-toeten-damit-sie-ueberleben-koennen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLars_Ramberg" class="citation web cs1">Lars Ramberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917_Species_diversity_of_the_Okavango_Delta_Botswana">"Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana"</a>. researchgate.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422204520/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917_Species_diversity_of_the_Okavango_Delta_Botswana">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 April 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+diversity+of+the+Okavango+Delta%2C+Botswana&rft.pub=researchgate.net&rft.au=Lars+Ramberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F226358917_Species_diversity_of_the_Okavango_Delta_Botswana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africageographic.com/blog/botswanas-zebra-migration-africas-longest-mammal-migration/">"Botswana's zebra migration: Africa's longest mammal migration"</a>. africageographic.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422114430/https://africageographic.com/blog/botswanas-zebra-migration-africas-longest-mammal-migration/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 April 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana%E2%80%99s+zebra+migration%3A+Africa%E2%80%99s+longest+mammal+migration&rft.pub=africageographic.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafricageographic.com%2Fblog%2Fbotswanas-zebra-migration-africas-longest-mammal-migration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2020" class="citation news cs1">Brown, W. (1 Julie 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/hundreds-elephants-die-mysteriously-botswana-160803566.html?guccounter=1">"Nerve agent fear as hundreds of elephants perish mysteriously in Botswana"</a>. Yahoo. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo&rft.atitle=Nerve+agent+fear+as+hundreds+of+elephants+perish+mysteriously+in+Botswana&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fhundreds-elephants-die-mysteriously-botswana-160803566.html%3Fguccounter%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53273361">"Botswana: Lab tests to solve mystery of hundreds of dead elephants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2 Julie 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Botswana%3A+Lab+tests+to+solve+mystery+of+hundreds+of+dead+elephants&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-53273361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rala.is-64">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-rala.is_64-0">64,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rala.is_64-1">64,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rala.is_64-2">64,2</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101010191509/http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/darkoh.pdf">"Darkoh"</a> (PDF). IS: Rala. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/darkoh.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (pdf) op 10 Oktober 2010. Besoek op 16 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darkoh&rft.place=IS&rft.pub=Rala&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rala.is%2Frade%2Fralareport%2Fdarkoh.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afrol.com-65">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-afrol.com_65-0">65,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afrol.com_65-1">65,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afrol.com_65-2">65,2</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrol.com/articles/21794">"Botswana, VS teken 'Skuld-vir-Natuur' ooreenkoms"</a>. Afrol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005035803/http://www.afrol.com/articles/21794">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 5 Oktober 2018. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana%2C+VS+teken+%27Skuld-vir-Natuur%27+ooreenkoms&rft.pub=Afrol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrol.com%2Farticles%2F21794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171129034951/http://www.unccd.int/iydd/documents/NOTCDIB.pdf">"NOTCDIB"</a> (PDF). UNCCD. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unccd.int/iydd/documents/NOTCDIB.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 29 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOTCDIB&rft.pub=UNCCD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unccd.int%2Fiydd%2Fdocuments%2FNOTCDIB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afrol1-67"><a href="#cite_ref-afrol1_67-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrol.com/articles/13090">"Botswana nedersettings bestry woestynvorming"</a>. Afrol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005035810/http://www.afrol.com/articles/13090">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 5 Oktober 2018. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana+nedersettings+bestry+woestynvorming&rft.pub=Afrol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrol.com%2Farticles%2F13090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Botswana_2002?lang=en">"Botswana 1996 (rev. 2002)"</a>. Constitute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111215323/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Botswana_2002?lang=en">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 November 2018. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitute&rft.atitle=Botswana+1996+%28rev.+2002%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FBotswana_2002%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-index2012-69"><a href="#cite_ref-index2012_69-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140611085135/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/eiu2/images/Democracy-Index-2012.pdf">"Democracy index 2012: Democracy at a standstill"</a> (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit. 14 Maart 2013. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.eiu.com/rs/eiu2/images/Democracy-Index-2012.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 11 Junie 2014. Besoek op 21 Maart 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democracy+index+2012%3A+Democracy+at+a+standstill&rft.pub=Economist+Intelligence+Unit&rft.date=2013-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpages.eiu.com%2Frs%2Feiu2%2Fimages%2FDemocracy-Index-2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127124017/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table">"2008 Korrupsie-persepsie-index 2008"</a>. Transparency International. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table">die oorspronklike</a> op 27 November 2012. Besoek op 9 Januarie 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Korrupsie-persepsie-index+2008&rft.pub=Transparency+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fnews_room%2Fin_focus%2F2008%2Fcpi2008%2Fcpi_2008_table&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels2011" class="citation news cs1">Daniels, Glenda (11 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.co.za/article/2011-11-11-botswana-southern-africas-most-secretive-state">"Botswana, suider Afrika se mees geheime staat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mail_%26_Guardian" title="Mail & Guardian">Mail & Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321224523/https://mg.co.za/article/2011-11-11-botswana-southern-africas-most-secretive-state/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 21 Maart 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Botswana%2C+suider+Afrika+se+mees+geheime+staat&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Glenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Farticle%2F2011-11-11-botswana-southern-africas-most-secretive-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150929023917/http://www.justice.gov.bw/about%20us/background-judiciary">"Administration of Justice"</a>. Republiek Botswana Regspleging. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.gov.bw/about%20us/background-judiciary">die oorspronklike</a> op 29 September 2015. Besoek op 4 Maart 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Administration+of+Justice&rft.pub=Republiek+Botswana+Regspleging&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov.bw%2Fabout%2520us%2Fbackground-judiciary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110005020/http://www.lssa.org.za/upload/SADCLA-2017.pdf">"18th Annual SADC Lawyers' Association Conference and General Meeting"</a> (PDF). Augustus 2017. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lssa.org.za/upload/SADCLA-2017.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 10 November 2017. Besoek op 10 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=18th+Annual+SADC+Lawyers%27+Association+Conference+and+General+Meeting&rft.date=2017-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lssa.org.za%2Fupload%2FSADCLA-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFParks1986" class="citation news cs1">Parks, Michael (20 Mei 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-20/news/mn-6620_1_african-national-congress">"S. Africa Raids 3 Nearby Nations : Attacks Rebel Bases in Capitals of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111150242/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-20/news/mn-6620_1_african-national-congress">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 Januarie 2012. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=S.+Africa+Raids+3+Nearby+Nations+%3A+Attacks+Rebel+Bases+in+Capitals+of+Zimbabwe%2C+Zambia+and+Botswana&rft.date=1986-05-20&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1986-05-20%2Fnews%2Fmn-6620_1_african-national-congress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190915160801/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Botswana-Defence-Force-BDF/About-the-BDF1/History-of-the-BDF/">"Republic of Botswana – Government portal"</a>. Regering van Botswana. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Botswana-Defence-Force-BDF/About-the-BDF1/History-of-the-BDF/">die oorspronklike</a> op 15 September 2019. Besoek op 27 Oktober 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Republic+of+Botswana+%E2%80%93+Government+portal&rft.pub=Regering+van+Botswana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.bw%2Fen%2FMinistries--Authorities%2FMinistries%2FState-President%2FBotswana-Defence-Force-BDF%2FAbout-the-BDF1%2FHistory-of-the-BDF%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en">"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"</a>. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 Julie 2017. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+XXVI%3A+Disarmament+%E2%80%93+No.+9+Treaty+on+the+Prohibition+of+Nuclear+Weapons&rft.pub=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DXXVI-9%26chapter%3D26%26clang%3D_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPounds,_Lance2015" class="citation web cs1">Pounds, Lance (14 Desember 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212205706/https://www.africom.mil/media-room/article/27819/botswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe">"Botswana Defence Force, U.S. Army Leaders Meet in Europe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_Gewapende_Magte" title="Amerikaanse Gewapende Magte">Amerikaanse Gewapende Magte</a> in Afrika. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africom.mil/media-room/article/27819/botswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe">die oorspronklike</a> op 12 Desember 2019. Besoek op 12 Desember 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana+Defence+Force%2C+U.S.+Army+Leaders+Meet+in+Europe&rft.pub=Amerikaanse+Gewapende+Magte+in+Afrika&rft.date=2015-12-14&rft.au=Pounds%2C+Lance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africom.mil%2Fmedia-room%2Farticle%2F27819%2Fbotswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc1-78">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc1_78-0">78,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc1_78-1">78,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc1_78-2">78,2</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867">"Botswana bushmen: Modern life is destroying us"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 7 Januarie 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312073532/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 12 Maart 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Botswana+bushmen%3A+Modern+life+is+destroying+us&rft.date=2014-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-24821867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFFox" class="citation web cs1">Fox, Kara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html">"Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191226221232/https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 26 Desember 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Botswana+scraps+gay+sex+laws+in+big+victory+for+LGBTQ+rights+in+Africa&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Kara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F06%2F11%2Fafrica%2Fbotswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180728141118/http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/">"Ditshwanelo Website"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/">die oorspronklike</a> op 28 Julie 2018. Besoek op 12 Maart 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ditshwanelo+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ditshwanelo.org.bw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm#econ">"Background Note: Botswana"</a>. US Department of State website. Mei 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511124237/https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 Mei 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Botswana&rft.pub=US+Department+of+State+website&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F1830.htm%23econ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miningweekly.com/article/botswana-may-produce-first-uranium-in-2010-become-second-nambia-acap-ceo-2008-08-01/rep_id:3650">"Uraan in Botswana ontdek"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321220018/http://www.miningweekly.com/article/botswana-may-produce-first-uranium-in-2010-become-second-nambia-acap-ceo-2008-08-01/rep_id:3650">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 21 Maart 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uraan+in+Botswana+ontdek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miningweekly.com%2Farticle%2Fbotswana-may-produce-first-uranium-in-2010-become-second-nambia-acap-ceo-2008-08-01%2Frep_id%3A3650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBaten,_Jörg2016" class="citation book cs1">Baten, Jörg (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-107-50718-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-107-50718-0"><bdi>978-1-107-50718-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Global+Economy.+From+1500+to+the+Present.&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-107-50718-0&rft.au=Baten%2C+J%C3%B6rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKästle,_Klaus2009" class="citation web cs1">Kästle, Klaus (24 Julie 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm">"GNI PPP table"</a>. Nationsonline.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010232525/https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 10 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GNI+PPP+table&rft.pub=Nationsonline.org&rft.date=2009-07-24&rft.au=K%C3%A4stle%2C+Klaus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationsonline.org%2Foneworld%2FGNI_PPP_of_countries.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=99&dir=2007/September/Thursday6/">"Botswana ranked Africa's leader in economic freedom"</a>. mmegi.bw. 19 Mei 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822145230/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=99&dir=2007%2FSeptember%2FThursday6%2F">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 Augustus 2017. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana+ranked+Africa%27s+leader+in+economic+freedom&rft.pub=mmegi.bw&rft.date=2017-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mmegi.bw%2Findex.php%3Fsid%3D4%26aid%3D99%26dir%3D2007%2FSeptember%2FThursday6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking">"Country Rankings: World & Global Economy Rankings on Economic Freedom"</a>. www.heritage.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430170123/https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 30 April 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.heritage.org&rft.atitle=Country+Rankings%3A+World+%26+Global+Economy+Rankings+on+Economic+Freedom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Findex%2Franking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190307144918/http://www.mfw4a.org/botswana/botswana-financial-sector-profile.html">"MFW4A Botswana Financial Sector Profile"</a>. Mfw4a.org. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfw4a.org/botswana/botswana-financial-sector-profile.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 7 Maart 2019. Besoek op 21 Augustus 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MFW4A+Botswana+Financial+Sector+Profile&rft.pub=Mfw4a.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfw4a.org%2Fbotswana%2Fbotswana-financial-sector-profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery-detail.asp?name=orapa">"Orapa Diamond Mine, Botswana – ASTER Image Gallery"</a>. asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161202080103/http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery-detail.asp?name=orapa">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 Desember 2016. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Orapa+Diamond+Mine%2C+Botswana+%E2%80%93+ASTER+Image+Gallery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasterweb.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fgallery-detail.asp%3Fname%3Dorapa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kitco.com/ind/Zimnisky/2013-08-20-Ranking-Of-The-World-s-Diamond-Mines-By-Estimated-2013-Production.html">""Ranking Of The World's Diamond Mines By Estimated 2013 Production""</a>. Kitco. 20 Augustus 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205093644/https://www.kitco.com/ind/Zimnisky/2013-08-20-Ranking-Of-The-World-s-Diamond-Mines-By-Estimated-2013-Production.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 5 Februarie 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Ranking+Of+The+World%27s+Diamond+Mines+By+Estimated+2013+Production%22&rft.pub=Kitco&rft.date=2013-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitco.com%2Find%2FZimnisky%2F2013-08-20-Ranking-Of-The-World-s-Diamond-Mines-By-Estimated-2013-Production.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-90">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_90-0">90,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_90-1">90,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_90-2">90,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_90-3">90,3</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf">UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030</a> (PDF). Parys: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 546–547. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-92-3-100129-1" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-92-3-100129-1"><bdi>978-92-3-100129-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170322210919/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf">Geargiveer</a> (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 Maart 2017. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Science+Report%3A+towards+2030&rft.place=Parys&rft.pages=546-547&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-92-3-100129-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0023%2F002354%2F235406e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/africa/443630/botswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global/">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200326190011/https://qz.com/africa/443630/botswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 26 Maart 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Fafrica%2F443630%2Fbotswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutschland.de/en/solar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200326190015/https://www.deutschland.de/en/solar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 26 Maart 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschland.de%2Fen%2Fsolar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=166&dir=2011%2FSeptember%2FThursday8%2F">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171118211206/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 18 November 2017. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mmegi.bw%2Findex.php%3Fsid%3D1%26aid%3D166%26dir%3D2011%252FSeptember%252FThursday8%252F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.rapidmicromethods.com/2016/12/bitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html?m=1">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414113316/http://news.rapidmicromethods.com/2016/12/bitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html?m=1">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 14 April 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.rapidmicromethods.com%2F2016%2F12%2Fbitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html%3Fm%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190915021700/http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 15 September 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itwebafrica.com%2Fmore-countries%2Fbotswana%2F237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/business/item/3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021163609/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/business/item/3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 21 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepatriot.co.bw%2Fbusiness%2Fitem%2F3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botswanayouth.com/youth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone/">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200425031102/https://www.botswanayouth.com/youth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 April 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botswanayouth.com%2Fyouth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200223165725/http://www.gov.bw/en/ministries--authorities/ministries/ministry-of-transport-and-communications/departments/department-of-roads/divisions/">"Archived copy"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.bw/en/ministries--authorities/ministries/ministry-of-transport-and-communications/departments/department-of-roads/divisions/">die oorspronklike</a> op 23 Februarie 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.bw%2Fen%2Fministries--authorities%2Fministries%2Fministry-of-transport-and-communications%2Fdepartments%2Fdepartment-of-roads%2Fdivisions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191004054408/http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 4 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botswanarailways.co.bw%2Fprofile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundaystandard.info/unusual-tourism-ministry-solar-power-plant-tender-raises-eyebrows">"Unusual Tourism ministry solar power plant tender raises eyebrows | Sunday Standard"</a>. www.sundaystandard.info. Besoek op 8 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sundaystandard.info&rft.atitle=Unusual+Tourism+ministry+solar+power+plant+tender+raises+eyebrows+%7C+Sunday+Standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sundaystandard.info%2Funusual-tourism-ministry-solar-power-plant-tender-raises-eyebrows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mmegi.bw-101">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-mmegi.bw_101-0">101,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mmegi.bw_101-1">101,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=1253&dir=2012/June/Friday22/">"Botswana – energy sector overview"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171118211206/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 18 November 2017. Besoek op 26 Maart 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana+%E2%80%93+energy+sector+overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mmegi.bw%2Findex.php%3Fsid%3D1%26aid%3D1253%26dir%3D2012%2FJune%2FFriday22%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFTau2020" class="citation news cs1">Tau, Poloko (22 Desember 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/unexplained-delays-in-the-multibillion-rand-kazungula-bridge-20201221">"Unexplained delays in the multibillion-rand Kazungula Bridge"</a>. News 24. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+24&rft.atitle=Unexplained+delays+in+the+multibillion-rand+Kazungula+Bridge&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft.aulast=Tau&rft.aufirst=Poloko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Fcitypress%2Fnews%2Funexplained-delays-in-the-multibillion-rand-kazungula-bridge-20201221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lusakatimes.com/2014/09/13/zambia-botswana-officially-launche-construction-works-kazungula-bridge-across-zambezi-river/">"Zambia : Zambia and Botswana officially launche the construction works for Kazungula Bridge across the Zambezi River"</a>. Lusaka Times. 13 September 2014. Besoek op 6 Augustus 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zambia+%3A+Zambia+and+Botswana+officially+launche+the+construction+works+for+Kazungula+Bridge+across+the+Zambezi+River&rft.date=2014-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lusakatimes.com%2F2014%2F09%2F13%2Fzambia-botswana-officially-launche-construction-works-kazungula-bridge-across-zambezi-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://constructionreviewonline.com/2019/07/botswana-zambia-to-construct-railway-across-zambezi/">"Zambia, Botswana to construct railway across Zambezi"</a>. Construction Review Online. 30 Julie 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zambia%2C+Botswana+to+construct+railway+across+Zambezi&rft.pub=Construction+Review+Online&rft.date=2019-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructionreviewonline.com%2F2019%2F07%2Fbotswana-zambia-to-construct-railway-across-zambezi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503122813/http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/">"Botswana Tourism Organisation"</a>. Botswanatourism.co.bw. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/">die oorspronklike</a> op 3 Mei 2009. Besoek op 19 Mei 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana+Tourism+Organisation&rft.pub=Botswanatourism.co.bw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botswanatourism.co.bw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181030144300/http://www.lionpark.co.bw/">"Lion Park Resort"</a>. Lionpark.co.bw. 7 Februarie 2013. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lionpark.co.bw/">die oorspronklike</a> op 30 Oktober 2018. Besoek op 19 Mei 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lion+Park+Resort&rft.pub=Lionpark.co.bw&rft.date=2013-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lionpark.co.bw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130819043616/http://www.botswanagolfunion.org.bw/">"Botswana Gholfunie"</a>. Botswana Gholfunie. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botswanagolfunion.org.bw/">die oorspronklike</a> op 19 Augustus 2013. Besoek op 19 Mei 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana+Gholfunie&rft.pub=Botswana+Gholfunie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botswanagolfunion.org.bw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140722063856/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/HTML/CInBrief/CIB2001.pdf">"Census in Brief"</a> (PDF). Statssa.gov.za. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/CInBrief/CIB2001.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 22 Julie 2014. Besoek op 1 Oktober 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+in+Brief&rft.pub=Statssa.gov.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statssa.gov.za%2Fcensus01%2Fhtml%2FCInBrief%2FCIB2001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBettsKaytaz2009" class="citation journal cs1">Betts, Alexander; Kaytaz, Ezra (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/retrieveattachments?openagent&shortid=MINE-7UL4R6&file=Full_Report.pdf">"National and international responses to the Zimbabwean exodus: implications for the refugee protection regime"</a> (PDF). Research Papers. 175. Policy Development and Evaluation Service, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=National+and+international+responses+to+the+Zimbabwean+exodus%3A+implications+for+the+refugee+protection+regime&rft.volume=175&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Betts&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.au=Kaytaz%2C+Ezra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reliefweb.int%2Frw%2Frwb.nsf%2Fretrieveattachments%3Fopenagent%26shortid%3DMINE-7UL4R6%26file%3DFull_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#missing_periodical" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>) [dooie skakel] </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLovgren,_Stefan2004" class="citation web cs1">Lovgren, Stefan (14 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808232807/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040914_labushmen_2.html">"African Bushmen Tour U.S. to Fund Fight for Land"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic News</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040914_labushmen_2.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 8 Augustus 2016. Besoek op 8 Augustus 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+Bushmen+Tour+U.S.+to+Fund+Fight+for+Land&rft.pub=National+Geographic+News&rft.date=2004-09-14&rft.au=Lovgren%2C+Stefan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2F09%2F0914_040914_labushmen_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anaya-111">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Anaya_111-0">111,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anaya_111-1">111,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFAnaya,_James2010" class="citation web cs1">Anaya, James (2 Junie 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf">"Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana"</a> (PDF). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006041536/http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf">Geargiveer</a> (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 6 Oktober 2018. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Addendum+%E2%80%93+The+situation+of+indigenous+peoples+in+Botswana&rft.pub=United+Nations+Human+Rights+Council.+A%2FHRC%2F15%2F37%2FAdd.2&rft.date=2010-06-02&rft.au=Anaya%2C+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funsr.jamesanaya.org%2Fdocs%2Fcountries%2F2010_report_botswana_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/68TZLOUhG">"Preliminary Results Brief"</a>. 2011 Population & Housing Census. <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a>: Sentrale Statistiekkantoor. 29 September 2011. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cso.gov.bw/templates/cso/file/File/Census%202011%20Preliminary%20%20Brief%20Sept%2029%202011.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 17 Junie 2012. Besoek op 17 Junie 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2011+Population+%26+Housing+Census&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Results+Brief&rft.date=2011-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cso.gov.bw%2Ftemplates%2Fcso%2Ffile%2FFile%2FCensus%25202011%2520Preliminary%2520%2520Brief%2520Sept%252029%25202011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/ranking">"2019 World Press Freedom Index"</a>. Verslaggewers sonder grense. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200428075902/https://rsf.org/en/ranking">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 April 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Verslaggewers+sonder+grense&rft.atitle=2019+World+Press+Freedom+Index&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Franking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-map-of-the-freedom-of-the-press-status">"World Map of the Freedom of the Press Status"</a>. Our World in Data. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417190155/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-map-of-the-freedom-of-the-press-status">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 17 April 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+World+in+Data&rft.atitle=World+Map+of+the+Freedom+of+the+Press+Status&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fgrapher%2Fworld-map-of-the-freedom-of-the-press-status&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028174404/https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/broadcast_en/15186/botswood-sees-film-production-start-to-blossom-in-botswana">"'Botswood' sees film production start to blossom in Botswana"</a>. Balancing Act. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/broadcast_en/15186/botswood-sees-film-production-start-to-blossom-in-botswana">die oorspronklike</a> op 28 Oktober 2021. Besoek op 28 Oktober 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E2%80%98Botswood%E2%80%99+sees+film+production+start+to+blossom+in+Botswana&rft.pub=Balancing+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balancingact-africa.com%2Fnews%2Fbroadcast_en%2F15186%2Fbotswood-sees-film-production-start-to-blossom-in-botswana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> (af) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBoris_Gorelik2014" class="citation web cs1">Boris Gorelik (12 Julie 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231833/http://www.rapport.co.za/Weekliks/Nuus/Jamie-se-treffer-Met-Uys-ja-die-wereld-in-20140712">"Jamie se treffer: Met Uys, ja – die wêreld in"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rapport" title="Rapport">Rapport</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rapport.co.za/Weekliks/Nuus/Jamie-se-treffer-Met-Uys-ja-die-wereld-in-20140712">die oorspronklike</a> op 14 Julie 2014. Besoek op 14 Julie 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jamie+se+treffer%3A+Met+Uys%2C+ja+%E2%80%93+die+w%C3%AAreld+in&rft.pub=Rapport&rft.date=2014-07-12&rft.au=Boris+Gorelik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rapport.co.za%2FWeekliks%2FNuus%2FJamie-se-treffer-Met-Uys-ja-die-wereld-in-20140712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMakgala2014" class="citation journal cs1">Makgala, Christian John (3 Julie 2014). "Neil Parsons, National Coat of Arms, and Introduction of the Pula Currency in Botswana, 1975–1976". South African Historical Journal. 66 (3): 504–520. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02582473.2014.898081">10.1080/02582473.2014.898081</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0258-2473">0258-2473</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Neil+Parsons%2C+National+Coat+of+Arms%2C+and+Introduction+of+the+Pula+Currency+in+Botswana%2C+1975%E2%80%931976&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=504-520&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02582473.2014.898081&rft.issn=0258-2473&rft.aulast=Makgala&rft.aufirst=Christian+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECunninghamMilton1987-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunninghamMilton1987_118-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCunninghamMilton1987">Cunningham & Milton 1987</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114095524/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126">"Sparks to fly at Diamond"</a>. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). 26 Januarie 2006. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126">die oorspronklike</a> op 14 Januarie 2009. Besoek op 18 Januarie 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sparks+to+fly+at+Diamond&rft.pub=Botswana+Press+Agency+%28BOPA%29&rft.date=2006-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.bw%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnews.cgi%3Fd%3D20060126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114062620/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813">"Opinion the Academic World"</a>. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813">die oorspronklike</a> op 14 Januarie 2009. Besoek op 18 Januarie 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opinion+the+Academic+World&rft.pub=Botswana+Press+Agency+%28BOPA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.bw%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnews.cgi%3Fd%3D20040813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090108123239/http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm">"Botswana Brugfederasie"</a>. Botswana Nasionale Sportraad. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 8 Januarie 2009. Besoek op 16 Mei 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana+Brugfederasie&rft.pub=Botswana+Nasionale+Sportraad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnsc.co.bw%2Faffiliates%2Fbridge_federation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010122137/http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm">"Engelse Brugunie"</a>. Engelse Brugunie. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 10 Oktober 2012. Besoek op 1 Junie 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engelse+Brugunie&rft.pub=Engelse+Brugunie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebu.co.uk%2Fgeneral%2Fnews%2F2008%2FBotswanaTrip.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref-123">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ref_123-0">123,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref_123-1">123,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org">"UNESCO Institute for Statistics"</a>. Stats.uis.unesco.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725065836/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 Julie 2008. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft.pub=Stats.uis.unesco.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limkokwing.net/botswana/">"Limkokwing University of Creative Technology"</a>. Limkokwing.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190531124428/https://www.limkokwing.net/botswana/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 31 Mei 2019. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limkokwing+University+of+Creative+Technology&rft.pub=Limkokwing.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limkokwing.net%2Fbotswana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120804205657/http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php?id=10">"Ministry of Education and Skills Development: Home"</a>. Department van Onderwys. 27 Julie 2011. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php?id=10">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 Augustus 2012. Besoek op 21 Augustus 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Education+and+Skills+Development%3A+Home&rft.pub=Department+van+Onderwys&rft.date=2011-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.bw%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africanlibraryproject.org/about-us/our-partners/139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education">"Library Partner – Botswana Ministry of Education"</a>. Africanlibraryproject.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926052611/http://www.africanlibraryproject.org/about-us/our-partners/139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 26 September 2018. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Library+Partner+%E2%80%93+Botswana+Ministry+of+Education&rft.pub=Africanlibraryproject.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanlibraryproject.org%2Fabout-us%2Four-partners%2F139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNEVOC-127">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-UNEVOC_127-0">127,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNEVOC_127-1">127,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA">"UNESCO-UNEVOC's Botswana profile"</a>. Unevoc.unesco.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191627/http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 16 April 2014. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO-UNEVOC%27s+Botswana+profile&rft.pub=Unevoc.unesco.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unevoc.unesco.org%2Fworldtvetdatabase1.php%3Fct%3DBWA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm">"Botswana brings back school fees"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 11 Januarie 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420150640/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 20 April 2008. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana+brings+back+school+fees&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2006-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F4601360.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/country/botswana">"World Bank Botswana Data"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200425123423/https://data.worldbank.org/country/botswana">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 April 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Bank+Botswana+Data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Fcountry%2Fbotswana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UICC_Cancer_Association_of_Botswana-130"><a href="#cite_ref-UICC_Cancer_Association_of_Botswana_130-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uicc.org/membership/cancer-association-botswana">"Cancer Association of Botswana"</a>. Unie vir Internasionale kankerbeheer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200326190043/https://www.uicc.org/membership/cancer-association-botswana">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 26 Maart 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cancer+Association+of+Botswana&rft.pub=Unie+vir+Internasionale+kankerbeheer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uicc.org%2Fmembership%2Fcancer-association-botswana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kallings-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Kallings_131-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKallings2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kallings, LO (2008). "The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS". J Intern Med. 263 (3): 218–43. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2796.2007.01910.x">10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18205765">18205765</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Intern+Med&rft.atitle=The+first+postmodern+pandemic%3A+25+years+of+HIV%2FAIDS&rft.volume=263&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=218-43&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2796.2007.01910.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18205765&rft.aulast=Kallings&rft.aufirst=LO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Avert-132"><a href="#cite_ref-Avert_132-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avert.org/aidsbotswana.htm">"HIV and Aids in Botswana"</a>. Avert Internasionale vigs-liefdadigheid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090228211140/http://www.avert.org/aidsbotswana.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Februarie 2009. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HIV+and+Aids+in+Botswana&rft.pub=Avert+Internasionale+vigs-liefdadigheid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avert.org%2Faidsbotswana.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf">"World AIDS Day Report"</a> (PDF). UNAIDS. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140824062831/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf">Geargiveer</a> (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 Augustus 2014. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+AIDS+Day+Report&rft.pub=UNAIDS&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unaids.org%2Fen%2Fmedia%2Funaids%2Fcontentassets%2Fdocuments%2Funaidspublication%2F2011%2FJC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drshem.com/2011/06/16/exposing-botswana-love-vocabulary/">"Exposing Botswana's Love Vocabulary"</a>. Dr. Shem. 16 Junie 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200326190018/http://drshem.com/2011/06/16/exposing-botswana-love-vocabulary/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 26 Maart 2020. Besoek op 19 Julie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exposing+Botswana%27s+Love+Vocabulary&rft.pub=Dr.+Shem&rft.date=2011-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrshem.com%2F2011%2F06%2F16%2Fexposing-botswana-love-vocabulary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys">wysig bron</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Algemeen</dt></dl> <ul><li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Botswana">"Botswana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Besoek op 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBotswana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/">"Botswana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Besoek op 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Botswana&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fbotswana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verdere_leesstof">Verdere leesstof</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Wysig afdeling: Verdere leesstof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section's source code: Verdere leesstof">wysig bron</a>]</div> <ul><li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFAcemogluJohnsonRobinson2001" class="citation web cs1">Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James A. (11 Julie 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economics.mit.edu/files/284">"An African Success Story: Botswana"</a> (pdf) – via mit.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+African+Success+Story%3A+Botswana&rft.date=2001-07-11&rft.aulast=Acemoglu&rft.aufirst=Daron&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Simon&rft.au=Robinson%2C+James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomics.mit.edu%2Ffiles%2F284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) Campbell, Alex: Let's try to put the record straight: A Botswana peephole into southern African history. In: Lantern. Tydskrif vir Kennis en Kultuur. Jaargang 35, nr. 1, Januarie 1986</li> <li>(en) Cohen, Dennis L. "The Botswana Political Elite: Evidence from the 1974 General Election," Journal of Southern African Affairs, (1979) 4, 347–370.</li> <li>(en) Colclough, Christopher en Stephen McCarthy. The Political Economy of Botswana: A Study of Growth and Income Distribution (Oxford University Press, 1980)</li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDenbowThebe2006" class="citation book cs1">Denbow, James; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). Culture and Customs of Botswana. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-313-33178-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-313-33178-7"><bdi>978-0-313-33178-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+Botswana&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33178-7&rft.aulast=Denbow&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Thebe%2C+Phenyo+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) Edge, Wayne A. en Mogopodi H. Lekorwe eds. Botswana: Politics and Society (Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik, 1998)</li> <li>(en) Good, Kenneth. "Interpreting the Exceptionality of Botswana," Journal of Modern African Studies (1992) 30, 69–95.</li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFGood1994" class="citation journal cs1">Good, Kenneth (September 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403150659/http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/gov2126/files/good.pdf">"Corruption and Mismanagement in Botswana: A Best-Case Example?"</a> (PDF). Journal of Modern African Studies. 32 (3): 499–521. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022278X00015202">10.1017/S0022278X00015202</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=EISSN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EISSN (identifier) (bladsy bestaan nie)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1469-7777">1469-7777</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-278X">0022-278X</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/gov2126/files/good.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 3 April 2018. Besoek op 13 Julie 2018 – via harvard.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Corruption+and+Mismanagement+in+Botswana%3A+A+Best-Case+Example%3F&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=499-521&rft.date=1994-09&rft.issn=0022-278X&rft.eissn=1469-7777&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022278X00015202&rft.aulast=Good&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.iq.harvard.edu%2Ffiles%2Fgov2126%2Ffiles%2Fgood.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFCunninghamMilton1987" class="citation journal cs1">Cunningham, A.B.; Milton, S.J. (1987). "Effects of basket-weaving industry on mokola palm and dye plants in northwestern Botswana". Economic Botany.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effects+of+basket-weaving+industry+on+mokola+palm+and+dye+plants+in+northwestern+Botswana&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=A.B.&rft.au=Milton%2C+S.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABotswana" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#missing_periodical" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)</li> <li>(en) Tlou, Thomas, en Alec C. Campbell. History of Botswana (Macmillan Botswana, 1984)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botswana&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels">wysig bron</a>]</div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Botswana" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Botswana">Botswana</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Sien <a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/Botswana" class="extiw" title="wikt:Botswana">Botswana</a> in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>(en) Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Botswana">Botswana</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li>(en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.bw/">Amptelike webwerf van Botswana se regering</a></li> <li>(en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.co.bw/">Regeringsgids vir Botswana</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:95%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Namibië"><img alt="Vlag van Namibië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Namibië"><img alt="Vlag van Namibië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Zambia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zambië"><img alt="Vlag van Zambië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zambi%C3%AB" title="Zambië">Zambië</a> </td> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center; padding: 0" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Namibië"><img alt="Vlag van Namibië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zimbabwe"><img alt="Vlag van Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Suid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" />   <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Botswana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Botswana"><img alt="Vlag van Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/22px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/33px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/44px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Botswana</a>    <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Namibië"><img alt="Vlag van Namibië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Suid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Suid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Suid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-size: 85%; clear:both; margin: 0em 0em -0.5em; padding: .5em 1em; vertical-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik vanuit die <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" class="extiw" title="en:Botswana">Engelse Wikipedia</a> vertaal. </td> <td width="20"><div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info">   </a></div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon."><img alt="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/20px-Crystal_txt.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/30px-Crystal_txt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/40px-Crystal_txt.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Afrika" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Afrika"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Lande_van_Afrika" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Lande van Afrika"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Lande_van_Afrika&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Afrika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande en gebiede in <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">Lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Algeri%C3%AB" title="Algerië">Algerië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Botswana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> • <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Comore-eilande" title="Comore-eilande">Comore-eilande</a> • <a href="/wiki/Demokratiese_Republiek_die_Kongo" title="Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo">Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Djiboeti" title="Djiboeti">Djiboeti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>1 • <a href="/wiki/Ekwatoriaal-Guinee" title="Ekwatoriaal-Guinee">Ekwatoriaal-Guinee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Ethiopië">Ethiopië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaboen" title="Gaboen">Gaboen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gambi%C3%AB" title="Gambië">Gambië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guinee" title="Guinee">Guinee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guinee-Bissau" title="Guinee-Bissau">Guinee-Bissau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ivoorkus" title="Ivoorkus">Ivoorkus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kaap_Verde" title="Kaap Verde">Kaap Verde</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kameroen" title="Kameroen">Kameroen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kenia" title="Kenia">Kenia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liberi%C3%AB" title="Liberië">Liberië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libi%C3%AB" title="Libië">Libië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mauritani%C3%AB" title="Mauritanië">Mauritanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mosambiek" title="Mosambiek">Mosambiek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nigeri%C3%AB" title="Nigerië">Nigerië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_die_Kongo" title="Republiek die Kongo">Republiek die Kongo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> • <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_en_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé en Príncipe">São Tomé en Príncipe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Afrikaanse_Republiek" title="Sentraal-Afrikaanse Republiek">Sentraal-Afrikaanse Republiek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seychelle" title="Seychelle">Seychelle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soedan" title="Soedan">Soedan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Somali%C3%AB" title="Somalië">Somalië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Soedan" title="Suid-Soedan">Suid-Soedan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tanzani%C3%AB" title="Tanzanië">Tanzanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad">Tsjad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tunisi%C3%AB" title="Tunisië">Tunisië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zambi%C3%AB" title="Zambië">Zambië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Africa_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">Omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">(<a href="/wiki/Cabinda_(provinsie)" title="Cabinda (provinsie)">Cabinda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Galmudug" title="Galmudug">Galmudug</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Puntland" title="Puntland">Puntland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Demokratiese_Republiek_Sahara" title="Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara">Wes-Sahara</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">Afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Madeiraeilande" title="Madeiraeilande">Madeiraeilande</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kanariese_Eilande" title="Kanariese Eilande">Kanariese Eilande</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sint_Helena,_Ascension_en_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Sint Helena, Ascension en Tristan da Cunha">Sint Helena, Ascension en Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lande van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Europa">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div style="text-align:center;">1. Land <a href="/wiki/Transkontinentale_land" title="Transkontinentale land">deels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>.</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Suider-Afrikaanse_Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap_(SAOG)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Suider-Afrikaanse_Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap" title="Sjabloon:Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:Suider-Afrikaanse_Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (bladsy bestaan nie)"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Suider-Afrikaanse_Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Suider-Afrikaanse_Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap_(SAOG)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Suider-Afrikaanse_Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap" title="Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap">Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap</a> (SAOG)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lidlande</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokratiese_Republiek_van_die_Kongo" class="mw-redirect" title="Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo">Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosambiek" title="Mosambiek">Mosambiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelle" title="Seychelle">Seychelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzani%C3%AB" title="Tanzanië">Tanzanië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambi%C3%AB" title="Zambië">Zambië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leiers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Voorsitters</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Levy Mwanawasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Sekretarisse-Generaal</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaire_Mbuende&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaire Mbuende (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kaire Mbuende</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prega_Ramsamy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prega Ramsamy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Prega Ramsamy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomaz_Salom%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomaz Salomão (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tomaz Salomão</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sien ook</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suider-Afrikaanse_Ontwikkelingskonferensie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingskonferensie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingskonferensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suider-Afrikaanse_Doeane-unie" title="Suider-Afrikaanse Doeane-unie">Suider-Afrikaanse Doeane-unie (SADU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeenskaplike_Monet%C3%AAre_Gebied" title="Gemeenskaplike Monetêre Gebied">Gemeenskaplike Monetêre Gebied (GMG)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemeenskaplike_Mark_vir_Oostelike_en_Suidelike_Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemeenskaplike Mark vir Oostelike en Suidelike Afrika (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gemeenskaplike Mark vir Oostelike en Suidelike Afrika (GEMOSA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q963&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q963&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q963" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90352435">90352435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453563">XX453563</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12073186f">cb12073186f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12073186f">(data)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4007857-7">4007857-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003437">003437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121554000">0000 0001 2155 4000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KulturNav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KulturNav (bladsy bestaan nie)">KulturNav</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/4e7b8e27-9982-44c8-8fa2-260ec3e6bc57">4e7b8e27-9982-44c8-8fa2-260ec3e6bc57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79079238">n79079238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/e5e11b08-d26d-341c-af28-69d3c26607f7">e5e11b08-d26d-341c-af28-69d3c26607f7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035827">10035827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560911">00560911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128803&CON_LNG=ENG">ge128803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35020582">35020582</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000976088&local_base=nlx10">000976088</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Korea">NLK</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nl.go.kr/authorities/resource/KAB202016109">KAB202016109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000504086&local_base=nsk10">000504086</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000022006">02-A000022006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/185752322">185752322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/794817">794817</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128459392">128459392</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/128459392">128459392</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="display:none; right:10px;" class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="featured-star"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbladartikel" title="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. Klik gerus hier vir meer inligting."><img alt="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. Klik gerus hier vir meer inligting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/23px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswana&oldid=2711521">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswana&oldid=2711521</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Botswana" title="Kategorie:Botswana">Botswana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Britse_Statebond" title="Kategorie:Britse Statebond">Britse Statebond</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Voormalige_Britse_kolonies" title="Kategorie:Voormalige Britse kolonies">Voormalige Britse kolonies</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-foute:_tydskrif_ontbreek" title="Kategorie:AS1-foute: tydskrif ontbreek">AS1-foute: tydskrif ontbreek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Kategorie:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BIBSYS-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BIBSYS-identifiseerders">Artikels met BIBSYS-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNE-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_GND-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met GND-identifiseerders">Artikels met GND-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_HDS-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders">Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_ISNI-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met ISNI-identifiseerders">Artikels met ISNI-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_KULTURNAV-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met KULTURNAV-identifiseerders">Artikels met KULTURNAV-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_MusicBrainz_area-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders">Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NARA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NDL-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders">Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NKC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders">Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NLA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NLA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NLA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NLI-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NLI-identifiseerders">Artikels met NLI-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NLK-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NLK-identifiseerders">Artikels met NLK-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NSK-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NSK-identifiseerders">Artikels met NSK-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_RERO-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met RERO-identifiseerders">Artikels met RERO-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_SUDOC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders">Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_Trove-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met Trove-identifiseerders">Artikels met Trove-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_20_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 20 elemente">Normdata met 20 elemente</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Voorbladartikels" title="Kategorie:Voorbladartikels">Voorbladartikels</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 3 November 2024 om 19:00 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. Aanvullende voorwaardes kan moontlik ook van toepassing wees. Sien die <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Algemene Voorwaardes</a> vir meer inligting.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswana&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5blz9","wgBackendResponseTime":207,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.262","walltime":"1.584","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9754,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":356788,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10614,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":44,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":584715,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1229.305 1 -total"," 56.86% 698.993 1 Sjabloon:Verwysings"," 33.22% 408.362 94 Sjabloon:Cite_web"," 7.56% 92.907 1 Sjabloon:CommonsKategorie"," 7.48% 91.940 1 Sjabloon:Normdata"," 6.83% 83.996 1 Sjabloon:Commons"," 6.78% 83.363 2 Sjabloon:Susterprojek"," 6.59% 81.069 2 Sjabloon:Sykas"," 6.34% 77.971 16 Sjabloon:Cite_journal"," 6.02% 73.958 1 Sjabloon:If_then_show"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.671","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6880560,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-6696b4cc84-g6gbk","timestamp":"20241123180607","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Botswana","url":"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Botswana","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q963","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q963","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-12-14T20:15:07Z","dateModified":"2024-11-03T19:00:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_Botswana.svg","headline":"Landingeslote land in Suider-Afrika"}</script> </body> </html>