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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Biografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politica_estera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politica_estera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Politica estera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politica_estera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politica_interna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politica_interna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Politica interna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politica_interna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jessadabodindra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 40 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rama III" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB" title="راما الثالث - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راما الثالث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="راما التالت - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راما التالت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III." title="Rama III. - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rama III." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rama III" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangklao" title="Nangklao - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nangklao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III.a" title="Rama III.a - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rama III.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessadabodindra" title="Jessadabodindra - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jessadabodindra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rama III" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="ראמה השלישי, מלך תאילנד - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראמה השלישי, מלך תאילנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5" title="नंगलव - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नंगलव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rama III" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E3%E4%B8%96" title="ラーマ3世 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラーマ3世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="ចេស្ដាបតិន្ទ្រ - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចេស្ដាបតិន្ទ្រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%8B%B8%EB%8B%A4%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%98" title="제싸다보딘 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제싸다보딘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III_(rex_Siamensium)" title="Rama III (rex Siamensium) - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rama III (rex Siamensium)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7" title="ພະບາດສົມເດັດພະນັ່ງເກົ້າເຈົ້າຢູ່ຫົວ - lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພະບາດສົມເດັດພະນັ່ງເກົ້າເຈົ້າຢູ່ຫົວ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangklao" title="Nangklao - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nangklao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99_%E1%81%83" title="ရာမ ၃ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရာမ ၃" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5" title="नंगक्लव - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नंगक्लव" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rama III" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rama III" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rama III" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangklao" title="Nangklao - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nangklao" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Чессадабодиндра - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чессадабодиндра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rama III" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangklao" title="Nangklao - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nangklao" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE" title="மூன்றாம் ராமா - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூன்றாம் ராமா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7" title="พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangklao" title="Nangklao - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nangklao" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_III" title="Рама III - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рама III" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88" title="نانگکلاو - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نانگکلاو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rama III" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangklao" title="Nangklao - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nangklao" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessadabodindra" title="Jessadabodindra - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jessadabodindra" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangklao" title="Nangklao - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nangklao" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="拉玛三世 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉玛三世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%8D%97%E5%91%8A" title="帕南告 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="帕南告" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangklao" title="Nangklao - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nangklao" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Reindirizzamento da <strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nangklao&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Nangklao">Nangklao</a></strong>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-generico"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puzzle_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abbozzo"><img alt="Abbozzo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/45px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/68px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/90px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce  sull'argomento Sovrani thailandesi è solo un <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Abbozzo" title="Aiuto:Abbozzo">abbozzo</a></b>.<br /> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&action=edit">Contribuisci</a> a migliorarla secondo le <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Manuale_di_stile" title="Aiuto:Manuale di stile">convenzioni di Wikipedia</a>. </div> <div class="hide-when-compact"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del monarca o aristocratico"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="color:white; background: #B20045;">Jessadabodindra</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nangklao_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nangklao_portrait.jpg/194px-Nangklao_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Nangklao_portrait.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#CCF; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Re_di_Thailandia" title="Re di Thailandia">Re del Siam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Privy_Seal_of_King_Rama_III_(Jessadabodindra).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stemma"><img alt="Stemma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Privy_Seal_of_King_Rama_III_%28Jessadabodindra%29.svg/100px-Privy_Seal_of_King_Rama_III_%28Jessadabodindra%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Privy_Seal_of_King_Rama_III_%28Jessadabodindra%29.svg/150px-Privy_Seal_of_King_Rama_III_%28Jessadabodindra%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Privy_Seal_of_King_Rama_III_%28Jessadabodindra%29.svg/200px-Privy_Seal_of_King_Rama_III_%28Jessadabodindra%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Stemma</figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr><th>In carica</th><td>21 luglio <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a> –<br />2 aprile <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Loetla_Nabhalai" title="Buddha Loetla Nabhalai">Buddha Loetla Nabhalai</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="background:#CCF; color: black; height:3px; padding:0;">  </td></tr><tr><th>Nascita</th><td><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, 31 marzo <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Morte</th><td><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, 2 aprile <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a> (64 anni) </td></tr><tr><th>Dinastia</th><td><a href="/wiki/Chakri" title="Chakri">Chakri</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Padre</th><td><a href="/wiki/Rama_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama II">Rama II</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Madre</th><td><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sulalai" title="Sri Sulalai">Sri Sulalai</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours metadata noprint" style="text-align:center; float:right; clear:both; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:85%; width:200px" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <caption><div style="font-size:1.3125em; text-align: center"><b><a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Rattanakosin" title="Regno di Rattanakosin">Regno di Rattanakosin</a> (1782-1932)<br /><a href="/wiki/Thailandia" title="Thailandia">Regno di Thailandia</a> (dal 1932)<br /><a href="/wiki/Chakri" title="Chakri">Chakri</a></b></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_House_of_Chakri.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Emblem_of_the_House_of_Chakri.svg/132px-Emblem_of_the_House_of_Chakri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="132" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Emblem_of_the_House_of_Chakri.svg/199px-Emblem_of_the_House_of_Chakri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Emblem_of_the_House_of_Chakri.svg/265px-Emblem_of_the_House_of_Chakri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="734" /></a></span></p> <div style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; margin-top:9px;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Yodfa_Chulaloke" title="Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke">Rama I</a> (1782-1809)</b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141649558">.mw-parser-output .cassetto{background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#AAAAAA);font-size:95%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:2px;text-align:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cassetto,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cassetto .mw-collapsible-content{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cassetto,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cassetto .mw-collapsible-content{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)}}.mw-parser-output .cassetto-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .cassetto-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type{background:#EFEFEF;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h1,.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h2,.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h3,.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h4,.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h5,.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h6{color:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .cassetto .mw-collapsible-content{background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:.5em;overflow:hidden;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output div.cassetto .mw-collapsible-toggle{text-align:right;margin-left:3.5em}</style><div class="cassetto mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""> <div>Figli</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Loetla_Nabhalai" title="Buddha Loetla Nabhalai">Buddha Loetla Nabhalai</a> (1767-1824)</li> <li>Altri 41 figli</li></ul></div> </div> <div style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; margin-top:9px;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Loetla_Nabhalai" title="Buddha Loetla Nabhalai">Rama II</a> (1809-1824)</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141649558"><div class="cassetto mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""> <div>Figli</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jessadabodindra</a> (1788-1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a> (1804-1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinklao" title="Pinklao">Pinklao</a> (1808-1866)</li> <li>Altri 70 figli</li></ul></div> </div> <div style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; margin-top:9px;"> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rama III</a> (1824-1851)</b></div> <div style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; margin-top:9px;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Rama IV</a> (1851-1868)</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141649558"><div class="cassetto mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""> <div>Figli</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a> (1853-1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunandha_Kumariratana_del_Siam" title="Sunandha Kumariratana del Siam">Sunandha Kumariratana</a> (1860-1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saovabha_Bongsri" title="Saovabha Bongsri">Saovabha Bongsri</a> (1861-1919)</li> <li>Altri 79 figli</li></ul></div> </div> <div style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; margin-top:9px;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Rama V</a> (1868-1910)</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141649558"><div class="cassetto mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""> <div>Figli</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Srivilailaksana (1868-1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suddha_Dibyaratana_del_Siam" title="Suddha Dibyaratana del Siam">Suddha Dibyaratana</a> (1877-1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajiravudh" title="Vajiravudh">Vajiravudh</a> (1881-1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaya_Alongkorn_del_Siam" title="Valaya Alongkorn del Siam">Valaya Alongkorn</a> (1884-1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibha_Nobhadol_del_Siam" title="Nibha Nobhadol del Siam">Nibha Nobhadol</a> (1886-1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahidol_Adulyadej" title="Mahidol Adulyadej">Mahidol Adulyadej</a> (1892-1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prajadhipok" title="Prajadhipok">Prajadhipok</a> (1893-1941)</li> <li>Altri 70 figli</li></ul></div> </div> <div style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; margin-top:9px;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Vajiravudh" title="Vajiravudh">Rama VI</a> (1910-1925)</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141649558"><div class="cassetto mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""> <div>Figli</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Bejaratana Rajasuda (1925-2011)</li></ul></div> </div> <div style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; margin-top:9px;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Prajadhipok" title="Prajadhipok">Rama VII</a> (1925-1935)</b></div> <div style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; margin-top:9px;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Mahidol" title="Ananda Mahidol">Rama VIII</a> (1935-1946)</b></div> <div style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; margin-top:9px;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">Rama IX</a> (1946-2016)</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141649558"><div class="cassetto mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""> <div>Figli</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ubolratana_Rajakanya_di_Thailandia" title="Ubolratana Rajakanya di Thailandia">Ubolratana Rajakanya</a> (1951-viv.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a> (1952-viv.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirindhorn_di_Thailandia" title="Sirindhorn di Thailandia">Sirindhorn</a> (1955-viv.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulabhorn_Walailak_di_Thailandia" title="Chulabhorn Walailak di Thailandia">Chulabhorn Walailak</a> (1957-viv.)</li></ul></div> </div> <div style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; margin-top:9px;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Rama X</a> (2016-...)</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141649558"><div class="cassetto mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""> <div>Figli</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajrakitiyabha" title="Bajrakitiyabha">Bajrakitiyabha</a> (1978-viv.)</li> <li>Juthavachara (1979-viv.)</li> <li>Vacharaesorn (1981-viv.)</li> <li>Chakriwat (1983-viv.)</li> <li>Vatchrawee (1985-viv.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirivannavari_di_Thailandia" title="Sirivannavari di Thailandia">Sirivannavari</a> (1987-viv.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipangkorn_Rasmijoti" title="Dipangkorn Rasmijoti">Dipangkorn Rasmijoti</a> (2005-viv.)</li></ul></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jessadabodindra</b> detto anche <b>Rama III</b> (nome completo <b>Prabath Somdej Pra Paramadhiwarasetha Maha Jessadabodindra Siammintarawirodom Borommadhammikkarajadhirat Boromanathbopitra Phra Nangklao Chaoyuhua</b> พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมาธิวรเสรฐ มหาเจษฎาบดินทร์ สยามินทรวิโรดม บรมธรรมิกมหาราชาธิราช บรมนารถบพิตร พระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว); <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/31_marzo" title="31 marzo">31 marzo</a> <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_aprile" title="2 aprile">2 aprile</a> <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>) è stato <a href="/wiki/Re_di_Thailandia" title="Re di Thailandia">re del Siam</a> dal <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a> al <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>, terzo sovrano della dinastia <a href="/wiki/Chakri" title="Chakri">Chakri</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Rattanakosin" title="Regno di Rattanakosin">Regno di Rattanakosin</a>. </p><p>In campo politico, al contrario del padre Rama II, ebbe grande potere decisionale e non demandò completamente l'amministrazione ai potenti clan aristocratici. Ebbe comunque un ruolo primario durante il suo regno il clan dei <a href="/wiki/Bunnag" title="Bunnag">Bunnag</a>, i cui antenati di origini persiane erano già stati ai vertici dei ministeri nel periodo di Ayutthaya. Il suo capostipite aveva stretto un forte rapporto di alleanza politica e di parentela con Rama I, sposando una sorella della prima regina consorte e la famiglia aveva avuto grande potere durante il regno di Rama II.<sup id="cite_ref-modernthai_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-modernthai-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baker30_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker30-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nangklao era figlio del Re <a href="/wiki/Buddha_Loetla_Nabhalai" title="Buddha Loetla Nabhalai">Loetla Nabhalai</a> e della concubina <a href="/wiki/Sri_Sulalai" title="Sri Sulalai">Chao Chom Riem</a>, venne scelto come re a discapito del fratellastro Maha Mongkut che era stato ritenuto troppo giovane dall'aristocrazia di Bangkok ma che avrebbe avuto il diritto alla corona come figlio della regina consorte. Mongkut evitò le polemiche e si diede alla vita monastica fino alla morte di Nangklao. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politica_estera">Politica estera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Politica estera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Politica estera"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Rama_III_statue_in_Bangkok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/King_Rama_III_statue_in_Bangkok.jpg/150px-King_Rama_III_statue_in_Bangkok.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/King_Rama_III_statue_in_Bangkok.jpg/225px-King_Rama_III_statue_in_Bangkok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/King_Rama_III_statue_in_Bangkok.jpg/300px-King_Rama_III_statue_in_Bangkok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="4368" /></a><figcaption>Statua di Rama III a Bangkok</figcaption></figure> <p>Tra il 1827 e il 1829 i suoi eserciti soffocarono la rivolta del <a href="/wiki/Vassallaggio" title="Vassallaggio">vassallo</a> <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Vientiane" title="Regno di Vientiane">re di Vientiane</a> <a href="/wiki/Anuvong" title="Anuvong">Anuvong</a>, radendo al suolo la capitale del regno e deportando a Bangkok il sovrano laotiano ribelle, che aveva ricevuto l'appoggio dell'imperatore del Vietnam. Iniziò quindi una massiccia deportazione di laotiani per popolare le aree deserte dell'<a href="/wiki/Altopiano_di_Korat" class="mw-redirect" title="Altopiano di Korat">altopiano di Korat</a>, nel nordest del Paese.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le deportazioni aumentarono a partire dal 1834, dopo che Vietnam e Siam iniziarono un conflitto di lunga durata per il controllo della <a href="/wiki/Cambogia" title="Cambogia">Cambogia</a>. La prima parte della guerra vide i successi siamesi ma i rinforzi giunti sul delta del Mekong dalla capitale permisero ai vietnamiti di respingere l'offensiva. Il periodo successivo fu caratterizzato da tregue e riprese delle ostilità fino alla controffensiva dei vietnamiti, che invasero la Cambogia costringendo i siamesi sulla difensiva. Gli scontri ebbero fine nel <a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a> con un trattato di pace; il filo-siamese <a href="/wiki/Ang_Duong" title="Ang Duong">Ang Duong</a> fu lasciato sul trono impegnandosi a versare tributi sia al Siam che al Vietnam, e nel 1848 fu incoronato re a <a href="/wiki/Oudong" title="Oudong">Oudong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nangklao mantenne una politica di equilibrio in un periodo in cui l'<a href="/wiki/Impero_britannico" title="Impero britannico">Impero britannico</a> estese i suoi possedimenti coloniali nella regione sconfiggendo i birmani nel 1826 nella <a href="/wiki/Prima_guerra_anglo-birmana" title="Prima guerra anglo-birmana">prima guerra anglo-birmana</a>. Quello stesso anno siglò con i britannici in febbraio un accordo militare in funzione anti-birmana e in giugno il <a href="/wiki/Trattato_Burney" title="Trattato Burney">trattato Burney</a> che regolamentava i rapporti tra i due Paesi e la rispettiva sfera d'influenza sui sultanati malesi a sud.<sup id="cite_ref-swettenham_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swettenham-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tali accordi rappresentano la riapertura del Siam ai rapporti con l'Occidente, interrotti nel <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a> con la rivoluzione scatenatasi alla morte di re <a href="/wiki/Narai" title="Narai">Narai</a>. Nel 1833 fu sottoscritto il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trattato_di_amicizia_e_commercio_siamese-americano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trattato di amicizia e commercio siamese-americano (la pagina non esiste)">trattato di amicizia e commercio siamese-americano</a> con gli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a>. Durante il suo regno venne incrementato anche il commercio con la <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politica_interna">Politica interna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Politica interna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Politica interna"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non prese decisioni di notevole importanza, ma preparò il terreno delle riforme al suo successore il fratellastro <a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a>. Durante il suo regno il <a href="/wiki/Missionario" title="Missionario">missionario</a> <a href="/wiki/Statunitense" class="mw-redirect" title="Statunitense">statunitense</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Law (la pagina non esiste)">James Law</a> introdusse l'uso della <a href="/wiki/Stampa" title="Stampa">stampa</a> per la <a href="/wiki/Lingua_thailandese" title="Lingua thailandese">lingua siamese</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-modernthai-1"><a href="#cite_ref-modernthai_1-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) AA. VV., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=Gqk9_jozvRcC&pg=PA44"><span style="font-style:italic;">Modern Thai Politics: From Village to Nation</span></a>, autore del capitolo David K. Wyatt, Clark D. Neher, 1979, pp. 44-60, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1412828872" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1412828872">1412828872</a>. <small>URL consultato il 4 luglio 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baker30-2"><a href="#cite_ref-baker30_2-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Baker, Christopher John e Phongpaichit, Pasuk, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofthailan00bake"><span style="font-style:italic;">A History of Thailand</span></a>, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofthailan00bake/page/30">30</a>-31, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-521-81615-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-521-81615-1">978-0-521-81615-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Viravong, Maha Sila, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200403030051/http://www.reninc.org/bookshelf/history_of_laos_viravong.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">History of Laos</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), Paragon Book Reprint Corp. New York, 1964. <small>URL consultato il 18 ottobre 2017</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.reninc.org/bookshelf/history_of_laos_viravong.pdf">url originale</abbr> il 3 aprile 2020)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-4"><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBritannica" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rama-III"><span style="font-style:italic;">Duong</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319669#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Jim Mizerski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=ASCCCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7"><span style="font-style:italic;">Cambodia Captured: Angkor's First Photographers in 1860's Colonial Intrigues</span></a>, Jasmine Image Machine, 2016, p. 7, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-9924-9050-0-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-9924-9050-0-4">978-9924-9050-0-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swettenham-6"><a href="#cite_ref-swettenham_6-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Swettenham, Frank Athelstane, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/apf3019.0001.001.umich.edu"><span style="font-style:italic;">Map to illustrate the Siamese question</span></a>, W. & A.K. Johnston Limited;, 1893, pp. 45-61. <small>URL consultato il 16 marzo 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Rama III"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rama_III?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rama_III?uselang=it">Jessadabodindra</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessadabodindra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rama-III"><span style="font-style:italic;">Rama III</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319669#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL996846A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Jessadabodindra</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319669#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="noprint nomobile" style="width:100%; clear:both; border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background: #FFD700; color: black"> <th width="26%">Predecessore </th> <th width="47%"><a href="/wiki/Re_di_Thailandia" title="Re di Thailandia">Re del Siam</a> </th> <th width="26%">Successore </th> <th><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/20px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/30px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/40px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span> </th></tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Loetla_Nabhalai" title="Buddha Loetla Nabhalai">Rama II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a> - <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Rama IV</a> </td> <td></td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/11302881">11302881</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/000000006699677X">0000 0000 6699 677X</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85320452">n85320452</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1231755415">1231755415</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265705505171">987007265705505171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biografie"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biografie" title="Portale:Biografie">Portale Biografie</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thailandia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/25px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/38px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/50px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Thailandia" title="Portale:Thailandia">Portale Thailandia</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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