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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Religious mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology_and_theosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology_and_theosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Theology and theosophy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theology_and_theosophy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theology and theosophy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theology_and_theosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cosmology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cosmology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cosmology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cosmology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three-fold_revelation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three-fold_revelation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Three-fold revelation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three-fold_revelation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twelve-fold_hierarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twelve-fold_hierarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Twelve-fold hierarchy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twelve-fold_hierarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fundamental_rules_and_values" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fundamental_rules_and_values"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fundamental rules and values</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fundamental_rules_and_values-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worship_rituals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worship_rituals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Worship rituals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worship_rituals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Symbols subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Divine_Eye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Divine_Eye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>The Divine Eye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Divine_Eye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_religious_banner_and_emblem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_religious_banner_and_emblem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>The religious banner and emblem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_religious_banner_and_emblem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scriptures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scriptures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Scriptures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scriptures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scriptures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scriptures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Canonical_Codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Canonical_Codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>The Canonical Codes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Canonical_Codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Religious_Constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Religious_Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>The Religious Constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Religious_Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisational_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisational_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Organisational structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisational_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisational structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisational_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Executive_Body_(Cửu_Trùng_Đài)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Executive_Body_(Cửu_Trùng_Đài)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>The Executive Body (Cửu Trùng Đài)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Executive_Body_(Cửu_Trùng_Đài)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palace_Uniting_Heaven_and_Earth_(Hiệp_Thiên_Đài)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palace_Uniting_Heaven_and_Earth_(Hiệp_Thiên_Đài)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Palace Uniting Heaven and Earth (Hiệp Thiên Đài)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palace_Uniting_Heaven_and_Earth_(Hiệp_Thiên_Đài)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Community structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Holy_See" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Holy_See"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>The Holy See</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Holy_See-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Branches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Caodaism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كاو دائية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاو دائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="ক্যাও দাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যাও দাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Dai" title="Cao Dai – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Cao Dai" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Каадай – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каадай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caodaisme" title="Caodaisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caodaisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaodaismus" title="Kaodaismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaodaismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Dai" title="Cao Dai – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cao Dai" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caodaismus" title="Caodaismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Caodaismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i" title="Cao Đài – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cao Đài" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caoda%C3%ADsmo" title="Caodaísmo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caodaísmo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaodaismo" title="Kaodaismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaodaismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="کائوداییسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کائوداییسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caoda%C3%AFsme" title="Caodaïsme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caodaïsme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B9%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EA%B5%90" title="까오다이교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="까오다이교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="काओ दाई धर्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काओ दाई धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Dai" title="Cao Dai – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cao Dai" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Dai" title="Cao Dai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cao Dai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caodaismo" title="Caodaismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caodaismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95_%D7%93%D7%90%D7%99" title="קאו דאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאו דאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakaodai" title="Wakaodai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wakaodai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaudai" title="Kaudai – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kaudai" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i" title="Cao Đài – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Cao Đài" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caodaismus" title="Caodaismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caodaismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaodai" title="Kaodai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaodai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaodaizmus" title="Kaodaizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kaodaizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C3%B4daisma" title="Kaôdaisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kaôdaisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%87" title="كاو دائيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاو دائيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Dai" title="Cao Dai – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cao Dai" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Dai" title="Cao Dai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cao Dai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E6%95%99" title="カオダイ教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カオダイ教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i" title="Cao Đài – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cao Đài" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="کاؤ دائیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاؤ دائیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99" title="សាសនាកៅដាយ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សាសនាកៅដាយ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaodaizm" title="Kaodaizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaodaizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caoda%C3%ADsmo" title="Caodaísmo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caodaísmo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Dai" title="Cao Dai – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cao Dai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Каодай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каодай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Dai" title="Cao Dai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cao Dai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kao_Dai" title="Kao Dai – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kao Dai" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaodaizam" title="Kaodaizam – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kaodaizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caodaismi" title="Caodaismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Caodaismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Dai" title="Cao Dai – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cao Dai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ลัทธิกาวด่าย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลัทธิกาวด่าย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaodaizm" title="Kaodaizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaodaizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Каодай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каодай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="کاؤ دائیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاؤ دائیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i" title="Đạo Cao Đài – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đạo Cao Đài" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Dai" title="Cao Dai – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cao Dai" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%87%BA%E6%95%99" title="高臺教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高臺教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caodaism_Left_Eye.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Caodaism_Left_Eye.png/221px-Caodaism_Left_Eye.png" decoding="async" width="221" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Caodaism_Left_Eye.png/332px-Caodaism_Left_Eye.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Caodaism_Left_Eye.png/442px-Caodaism_Left_Eye.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>Cao Đài's left eye, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Providence" title="Eye of Providence">Eye of Providence</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_Cao_Dai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Temple_Cao_Dai.jpg/220px-Temple_Cao_Dai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Temple_Cao_Dai.jpg/330px-Temple_Cao_Dai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Temple_Cao_Dai.jpg/440px-Temple_Cao_Dai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1707" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Great_Divine_Temple" title="Great Divine Temple">Caodaism Holy See</a> in <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh" title="Tây Ninh">Tây Ninh</a> is the main religious building in Caodaism's Holy Land; other buildings with the same functions are called temples.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Caodaism</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Đạo Cao Đài</i>; <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>: <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi">道高臺</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="vi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ<span class="wrap"> </span>kaːw˧˧<span class="wrap"> </span>ʔɗaːj˨˩]</a></span>) or <b>Cao Đài</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnamese</a> <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism">syncretic</a> religion that retains many elements from <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">ancestor worship</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="How many elements? (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as well as "ethical precepts from <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, occult practices from <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, theories of <a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">karma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">rebirth</a> from <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">hierarchical organization</a> from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarrascoWarmindHawleyReynolds1999182–183_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarrascoWarmindHawleyReynolds1999182–183-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was officially established in the city of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh" title="Tây Ninh">Tây Ninh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Southern Vietnam</a> in 1926. </p><p>The full name of the religion is <b><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: <span style="font-style:normal;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1051880798">.mw-parser-output .vi-nom{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Nom Na Tong","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","Han-Nom Kai","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinA","HanaMinB","HanaMin","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .vi-nom.ext{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP2","BabelStone Han","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinB","Han-Nom Kai",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">大道三期普度</span></span> 'The Great Faith [for the] Third Universal Redemption').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adherents engage in practices such as prayer, <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_ancestors" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneration of ancestors">veneration of ancestors</a>, nonviolence, and vegetarianism with the goal of union with God and freedom from <a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">saṃsāra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins20151–28_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins20151–28-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estimates of the number of Caodaists in Vietnam vary; government figures estimate 4.4 million Caodaists affiliated to the Cao Đài <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh_Holy_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Tây Ninh Holy See">Tây Ninh Holy See</a>, with numbers rising up to 6 million if other branches are added.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNHCHR2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHCHR2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins20154;_239_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins20154;_239-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEller2014184–186,_188_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEller2014184–186,_188-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012b_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United Nations found about 2.5 million Cao Dai followers in Vietnam as of January 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional number of adherents in the tens of thousands, primarily ethnic Vietnamese, live in North America, Cambodia, Europe and Australia as part of the <a href="/wiki/Cao_Dai_diaspora" title="Cao Dai diaspora">Cao Dai diaspora</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i_temple_in_Dallas,_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i_temple_in_Dallas%2C_Texas.jpg/220px-Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i_temple_in_Dallas%2C_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i_temple_in_Dallas%2C_Texas.jpg/330px-Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i_temple_in_Dallas%2C_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i_temple_in_Dallas%2C_Texas.jpg/440px-Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i_temple_in_Dallas%2C_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Caodaist temple in Dallas, Texas, serving a large local Vietnamese community.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adherents maintain that <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_V%C4%83n_Chi%C3%AAu" title="Ngô Văn Chiêu">Ngô Văn Chiêu</a>, a district head of the French administration in <a href="/wiki/French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">Cochinchina</a>, was the first to worship and receive messages from Cao Đài in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Colors_of_Cao_Dai2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Colors_of_Cao_Dai2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a vision of the Divine Eye which is now the symbol for Cao Đài as well as the focus for worship on all Cao Đài altars.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Adherents maintain that on <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> 1925, God identified himself to the first group of Cao Đài mediums, which included <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_C%C3%B4ng_T%E1%BA%AFc" title="Phạm Công Tắc">Phạm Công Tắc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cao_Qu%E1%BB%B3nh_C%C6%B0" title="Cao Quỳnh Cư">Cao Quỳnh Cư</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cao_Ho%C3%A0i_Sang" title="Cao Hoài Sang">Cao Hoài Sang</a>. These three figures were to play an essential role in the growing religion as the three founding spirit mediums of the Hiệp Thiên Đài or "Palace Uniting Heaven and Earth". Phạm Công Tắc was the head spirit medium or <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Hộ Pháp</i></span> ("Defender of the Dharma), while Cao Quỳnh Cư was the <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thượng Phẩm</i></span> (his Sacred Assistant) and Cao Hoài Sang was the <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thượng Sanh</i></span> (his Secular Assistant).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 October 1926, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_V%C4%83n_Trung" title="Lê Văn Trung">Lê Văn Trung</a> (a former elected official of the Colonial Council of <a href="/wiki/French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">Cochinchina</a> and a member of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Conseil de Gouvernement de l'Indochine</i></span>), and a leading group of 27 Caodaists, the first disciples of Cao Đài, signed the "Declaration of the Founding of the Cao Đài Religion" and presented it to the French Governor of Cochinchina. The Cao Đài faith brought together a number of once underground <a href="/wiki/Sect" title="Sect">sects</a> into a new <a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">national religion</a>. </p><p>Officially called the "Great Way of the Third Time of Redemption" (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ</i></span>), it became popular in its first few decades, gathering over a million members and converting a fifth to a fourth of the population of Cochinchina by 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ngô Văn Chiêu, who had never intended Cao Đài to become a mass organization, left the movement and eventually established in 1932 an independent, esoteric branch known as Chiếu Minh, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Long" title="Vĩnh Long">Vĩnh Long</a>, which still exists and only admits a limited number of committed adepts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJammes2014182_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJammes2014182-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, the leader criticized the French colonial regime, though he also emphasized dialogue with the French. This stance was controversial, and contrasted with the liturgy of dozens of "dissident" branches of Caodaism that followed a more <a href="/wiki/Taoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist">Taoist</a> model.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a4_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Second Indochina Wars</a>, members of Cao Đài (along with several other Vietnamese sects, such as <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hòa Hảo</a>) were active in political and military struggles against both French colonial forces and South Vietnamese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Di%E1%BB%87m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngô Đình Diệm">Ngô Đình Diệm</a>, who later became president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor2014-07-31_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor2014-07-31-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVietnam_Timeline_1955_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVietnam_Timeline_1955-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their criticism of the <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">fall of Saigon</a> in April 1975, when the incoming <a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Vietnam" title="Communism in Vietnam">communist government</a> banned the practice of Caodaism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECao_Dai_Overseas_Missionary2008_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECao_Dai_Overseas_Missionary2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, Caodaism was granted legal recognition and unrestricted practice once again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor2014-07-31_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor2014-07-31-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_mission">Religious mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Religious mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huxisanxiaotu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Huxisanxiaotu.jpg/300px-Huxisanxiaotu.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Huxisanxiaotu.jpg/450px-Huxisanxiaotu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Huxisanxiaotu.jpg/600px-Huxisanxiaotu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> are One</i>, a painting in the <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">litang</i></span> style portraying three men laughing by a river stream. 12th century, <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song Dynasty</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BB%A9c_H%E1%BB%8Da_Tam_Th%C3%A1nh_012014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/B%E1%BB%A9c_H%E1%BB%8Da_Tam_Th%C3%A1nh_012014.JPG/220px-B%E1%BB%A9c_H%E1%BB%8Da_Tam_Th%C3%A1nh_012014.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/B%E1%BB%A9c_H%E1%BB%8Da_Tam_Th%C3%A1nh_012014.JPG/330px-B%E1%BB%A9c_H%E1%BB%8Da_Tam_Th%C3%A1nh_012014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/B%E1%BB%A9c_H%E1%BB%8Da_Tam_Th%C3%A1nh_012014.JPG/440px-B%E1%BB%A9c_H%E1%BB%8Da_Tam_Th%C3%A1nh_012014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2543" data-file-height="3471" /></a><figcaption>Three Saints and the Divine Covenant</figcaption></figure> <p>The official name of the Cao Đài religion (or Caodaism) is <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ</i></span>. Translated directly it means "The Third Great Universal Religious Amnesty" (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đại Đạo</i></span> – "Great Faith", <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Tam Kỳ</i></span> – "Third Period", <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Phổ</i></span> – "to announce" and <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Độ</i></span> – "to save"). </p><p>According to Cao Đài's <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogma</a>, this Third Period will be of intense religious activity which will unite God and humanity in ways not yet imagined. Cao Đài also states that the Third Amnesty will establish a new great faith for the salvation of living beings before the universal destruction. The primary objective of the Third Amnesty is the unity of all religions, which will bring mankind together in a universal family for universal peace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caodaism teaches that, throughout human history, God the Father has revealed his truth many times through the mouths of many prophets, but these messages were always either ignored or forgotten due to humanity's susceptibility to secular desires. Adherents believe that the age has now come when God speaks to humanity directly.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the nineteenth century, <a href="/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism" title="Kardecist spiritism">Spiritism</a> became established in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. The likes of <a href="/wiki/Madam_Blavatsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Madam Blavatsky">Madam Blavatsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_Kardec" title="Allan Kardec">Allan Kardec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> championed new religious possibilities. In <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, the age-old traditions of Asian <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">mediumship</a> began to mix with the new traditions of European Spiritism. </p><p>To highlight this objective of unity, there is a representation of the Divine Covenant of The Third Amnesty (The Third Alliance) inside every Cao Đài Temple. This Covenant between Heaven and Earth is written and presented to humanity by the Venerable Saints <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat_Sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Yat Sen">Sun Yat Sen</a>, and Trạng Trình <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_B%E1%BB%89nh_Khi%C3%AAm" title="Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm">Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm</a>. Their mission is said to guide humanity into the way of the Third Amnesty. The Covenant is written in French: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">"Dieu et Humanité Amour et Justice"</i></span>; and in Chinese: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">天上天下博愛公平</span></span>. This translates into English as: "God and Humanity [for] Love and Justice."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology_and_theosophy">Theology and theosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theology and theosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="God"><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eight_Trigrams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eight_Trigrams.jpg/220px-Eight_Trigrams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eight_Trigrams.jpg/330px-Eight_Trigrams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eight_Trigrams.jpg/440px-Eight_Trigrams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>The Eight Trigrams (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Bagua</i></span>, <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi">八卦</span></span>) in Caodaism, borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></figcaption></figure> <p>"Cao Đài" refers to God the Father (also known as the Supreme Being, Creator, and "Ultimate Reality of the Universe," as well as the <a href="/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Ho%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngọc Hoàng">Ngọc Hoàng</a>). <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Cao Đài Tiên Ông Đại Bồ Tát Ma Ha Tát</i></span>, as God's full title, indicates a combination of three religions—namely, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a>—that significantly influenced Caodaist theology.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Cao Đài</i></span></dt> <dd><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Cao_Dai_audio.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Cao_Dai_audio.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Cao_Dai_audio.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Cao_Dai_audio.ogg/Cao_Dai_audio.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Pronunciation of "Cao Đài" in Vietnamese</figcaption></figure> literally means "High Tower/Palace" (that is, the place where God reigns over the universe) represents Confucianism.</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Tien_Ong.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Tien_Ong.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Tien_Ong.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Tien_Ong.ogg/Tien_Ong.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Pronunciation of "Tiên Ông" in Vietnamese</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Tiên Ông</i></span></dt> <dd>is the largest rank in Taoism.</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Dai_Bo_Tat_Ma_Ha_Tat.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Dai_Bo_Tat_Ma_Ha_Tat.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Dai_Bo_Tat_Ma_Ha_Tat.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/Dai_Bo_Tat_Ma_Ha_Tat.ogg/Dai_Bo_Tat_Ma_Ha_Tat.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Pronunciation of "Đại Bồ Tát Ma Ha Tát" in Vietnamese</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đại Bồ Tát Ma Ha Tát</i></span></dt> <dd>literally means Great Bodhisattva the Great Being (<a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81sattva" title="Mahāsattva">Mahasattva</a>) in Buddhism.</dd></dl> <p>Together, they represent not only the unification of the three main religions but also the humility of God who presents himself as the lowest rank of Divinity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETam2000_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETam2000-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (March 2016)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to Caodaism, God permeates all things in the Universe, both living and inanimate, reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a>. It is believed that part of God's spirit is within all people and creatures.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>God has many different names depending on each person's <a href="/wiki/Worldview" title="Worldview">worldview</a>. </p><p>Caodaism posits that all religions are derived from the same source; it is a <a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">pluralist</a> theology. The unique name for the Caodaist deity is intended to capture the development of God's revelation throughout evolutionary history: <a href="/wiki/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i_Ti%C3%AAn_%C3%94ng_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_B%E1%BB%93_T%C3%A1t_Ma-ha-t%C3%A1t" class="mw-redirect" title="Cao Đài Tiên Ông Đại Bồ Tát Ma-ha-tát">Cao Đài Tiên Ông Đại Bồ Tá Ma Ha Tát</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">Chaos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%94ng_Tr%E1%BB%9Di" title="Ông Trời">Ông Trời</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%94ng_Tr%E1%BB%9Di" title="Ông Trời">Thượng Đế</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">Đấng Sáng Tạo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata" title="Tathāgata">Tathāgata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a>, <a href="/wiki/God_of_the_gaps" title="God of the gaps">God of the gaps</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></i>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cosmology">Cosmology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cosmology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Divine_Eye_sphere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fc/Divine_Eye_sphere.jpg/220px-Divine_Eye_sphere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fc/Divine_Eye_sphere.jpg/330px-Divine_Eye_sphere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fc/Divine_Eye_sphere.jpg/440px-Divine_Eye_sphere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A sphere inside the Tây Ninh Holy See, representing the Left Eye of God.</figcaption></figure> <p>Caodaists adopt the traditional Chinese idea of <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">âm</i></span> (yin) and <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">dương</i></span> (yang) duality constituting the harmonious balance of the universe. Before the creation of the universe there was the "dao", the infinite, nameless, formless, unchanging, eternal source. The negative and positive principles of the universe are the components of the eternal nature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver19768_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver19768-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two main Gods, the <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Cao Đài</i></span> ("Highest Lord") and the <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mother_of_the_West" title="Queen Mother of the West">Diêu Trì Kim Mẫu</a></i></span> or <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đức Phật Mẫu</i></span> ("Holy Buddha Mother"). They represent respectively the yang and yin forces. <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Cao Đài</i></span> is viewed as the heart of the universe, the common Father of all beings. He imparts part of him into each living being, including even rocks, in the form of consciousness. <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đức Phật Mẫu</i></span> is venerated as the Mother of the universe, responsible for giving visible forms, consciousness and emotions to all life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver19768_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver19768-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, she has to follow the orders of <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đức Cao Đài</i></span>, who is revered as the Supreme Being of both Heaven and Earth. </p><p>All other Divine Beings are to obey the orders of these two Creators during the course of evolution of the universe. Each of them carries a specific role as designated by their Father and Mother. Any being who falls out against them is considered devils in nature. These devils are led by the most powerful being, named Kim Quang Sứ (Satan).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In terms of the cosmos, faithful Caodaists believe there are heaven and hell, which are the main destinations for souls after death. Heaven consists of thirty six planes and many heavenly realms upon each of them, e.g. the <i>Realm of Saints</i>, the <i>Realm of the Holy Mother</i>, the <i>Realm of the Perfect Beings</i>, the <i>Divine Court Realm</i>, the <i>Paradise of Extreme Joy</i>, etc. Meanwhile, hell has ten key realms to carry out punishments in accordance with sins of souls. </p><p>In order to go to heaven, souls are required to cultivate their virtues and / or devote themselves to spiritual causes. Without merit from the latter, they cannot escape the cycle of birth and death, but can improve their virtues and merit gradually to reach better places in the universe, including the 72 planets (Earth being the 68th), the 3,000 worlds, the four great cosmic regions, and the thirty six heavenly planes. True liberation can only be attained when souls ultimately rejoin God the Father in Heaven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three-fold_revelation">Three-fold revelation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Three-fold revelation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The father of the universe, Cao Đài, is believed to have communed with men since the beginning of times, revealing his will. According to Cao Đài doctrine, history is divided into three times (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">tam kỳ</i></span>) of revelation. In the first two periods, there were teachings of <a href="/wiki/Dipankara_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipankara Buddha">Dipankara Buddha</a>, sages, <a href="/wiki/Fu_Xi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fu Xi">Phục Hy / Fu Xi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, who received the will of the Highest Power, and founded their respective religions to serve and / or educate humanity. However, due to the frailty of the messengers and the common men, the will of the Highest Power was misled into corrupted forms. Caodaists also believe that former revelations were culture-bound, being applicable only for certain ethnicities, and primarily intended for specific ages. The third and final form of revelation is disclosed through the teachings of the Cao Đài faith.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver19769_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver19769-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twelve-fold_hierarchy">Twelve-fold hierarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Twelve-fold hierarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caodaists believe that there are various ranks of divine spirits: <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thần</i></span> ("Holy Spirits"), <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thánh</i></span> ("saints"), <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Tiên</i></span> ("Immortals"), and <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Phật</i></span> ("Buddhas"). Each of these ranks can be further divided in the three grades of <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thiên</i></span> (Heavenly), <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Nhân</i></span> (Human) and <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Địa</i></span> (Earthly), forming a twelve-fold hierarchy that reflects the twelve-fold earthly hierarchy of the Caodaist church. Below those ranks are the spirits of matters, plants, animals and humans. All spirits may evolve to attain higher rank based on present deeds. Disembodied spirits fulfill a number of roles: they are benefactors of mankind, messengers and instructors of the truth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver197610_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver197610-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Quan Âm</a> is regarded as the exemplary goddess of the Buddhas, <a href="/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai">Lý Bạch (Li Bai)</a> of the Immortals, and <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Quan Vũ (Guan Yu)</a> of the Saints. </p><p>The Cao Đài pantheon counts three main prophets, as illustrated on a plaque at the entrance of the Tay Ninh Temple: Victor Hugo (to please the French), since he gave many teachings and also the text of a number of important prayers. He himself practiced spiritism on the island of Jersey from 1852 to 1855, and predicted that he would become the prophet of a new religion to merge European and Asian mysticism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins201599–110_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins201599–110-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sun Yat-sen (for the Chinese) and Trạng Trình, the Vietnamese Nostradamus (for the Vietnamese). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fundamental_rules_and_values">Fundamental rules and values</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fundamental rules and values"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Doctrine" title="Doctrine">doctrines</a> of the Cao Đài faith tends not only to reconcile all religious views, but also to adapt itself to all degrees of spiritual evolution. A basic principle of Caodaism is "All Religions are One". Cao Đài has been described from five different points of view:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ol><li>From a moral point of view, Cao Đài Religion reminds people of their duties towards themselves, their family, their society (a broader family), then toward humanity (the universal family).</li> <li>From a philosophical point of view, Cao Đài Religion preaches renunciation of honors, riches and luxury, in other words, deliverance from servitude to materialism in the attainment of full spiritual quietude of soul.</li> <li>From the point of view of worship, Cao Đài Religion prescribes the adoration of God, the veneration of Divine Beings and the worship of ancestors.</li> <li>From a spiritual point of view, Cao Đài Religion confirms, in harmony with other religions, the existence of the spirits and the soul, their survival beyond the physical body, and their evolution by successive <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnations</a>, according to the Karmic Law.</li> <li>From the initiates' point of view, Cao Đài Religion communicates to worthy adherents and reveals teachings that enable them, by a process of spiritual evolution, to reach the ecstasies of happiness.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worship_rituals">Worship rituals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Worship rituals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Believers worship God the Father, Holy Mother, and the Divine Beings with all their heart. They also venerate the Great Religious Prophets of history and honour the ancestors. </p><p>There are four daily ceremonies, that is, at 06:00, Midday, 18:00, and midnight, either at the temple or in front of the home altar. Monthly rituals take place at midnight on the 1st and 15th days of the lunar month. There is also a special anniversary ceremony once a year for God the Father, the Holy Mother, the five founders of the world's major religions, and the founders of the Cao Dai religion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rituals differ between places, depending on who they pray to. </p> <dl><dt>At the Holy See</dt> <dd>Prayers include incense offering, ceremony opening, prayer to the <a href="/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Ho%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngọc Hoàng">Ngọc Hoàng</a> (God the Father), prayer to <a href="/wiki/Dipankara" title="Dipankara">Dipankara Buddha</a> (Buddhism), prayer to Thái Thượng Lão Quân or <a href="/wiki/Taishang_Laojun" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishang Laojun">Taishang Laojun</a> (Taoism), prayer to Confucius (Confucianism), one of the three jewel offering prayers (flower, wine, and tea), and the five pledges.</dd> <dt>At the Holy Mother temple</dt> <dd>Prayers include incense offering, ceremony opening, prayer describing the role of the Holy Mother, prayer to express gratitude to the Holy Mother, one of the three jewel offering prayers (flower, wine, and tea), and the five pledges.</dd></dl> <p>There are also differences between monthly rituals, and anniversary ones. </p><p>Ceremonial prescriptions such as actions, dress and music were organized in detail by God the Father. These include ceremonies for initiations, marriages and funerals. Particular attention is paid to death, and it has been revealed to the religion how the soul journeys towards heaven and how, on earth, co-religionists can pray for souls to help them on their way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Caodaism Holy See, Caodaism Temples, and religious buildings host a rich array of symbols, all of which are instructed by either God the Father or Divine Beings. No symbol is redundant, and none is meaningless. They each tell a different story that reveals the beliefs, values, cosmic secrets, prophecies, etc. When combined, they lay out the journey of the Tao throughout the history of mankind and the universe, as well as its way forward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Divine_Eye">The Divine Eye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Divine Eye"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Providence" title="Eye of Providence">Eye of Providence</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caodaismlogo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A stylized triangle with an oval with a circle inside. The caption 'CAODAISM / Religion' is below." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Caodaismlogo.jpg/124px-Caodaismlogo.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Caodaismlogo.jpg/186px-Caodaismlogo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Caodaismlogo.jpg/248px-Caodaismlogo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption> Caodaism symbol</figcaption></figure> <p>In spirit and in pictorial representation, the Eye serves to remind Cao Đài believers that the <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> witnesses everything, everywhere, constantly. At the Holy See, there are in total 50 Divine Eyes of five different shapes; each carrying a different meaning related to various spiritual aspects. The One on the globe shows the Supreme Being above the <a href="/wiki/North_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="North Star">North Star</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ursa_Minor" title="Ursa Minor">Ursa Minor</a> constellation. The One on the façade of the Holy See has 35 rays of light which represent the three major religions and five main religious doctrines of the world. At the local Cao Đài Temples, the Divine Eye has 16 rays of light emanating from it. Nine radiate upward representing the nine levels of heaven, and seven radiating downward representing the seven emotions, which believers must control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(c)_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(c)-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_religious_banner_and_emblem">The religious banner and emblem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The religious banner and emblem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In accordance with the religious mission, the three colors of Cao Đài banner represent the three main non-Hinduistic Asian religions of the world; yellow stands for <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, blue for <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, and red for <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>. Under the Divine Eye is the religious emblem which also represents the essence of the three religions; the bowl of charity for Buddhist compassion and asceticism, the feather duster for Taoist purification; the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Annals" title="Spring and Autumn Annals">Spring and Autumn Annals</a> for Confucianist virtue and love.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scriptures">Scriptures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Scriptures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are various Caodaist scriptures. Some of those belonging to the Holy See of Tây Ninh are: <i>Kinh Thiên Đạo Và Thế Đạo</i> ("Prayers of the Heavenly and the Earthly Way"),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(d)_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(d)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (July 2015)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>Pháp Chánh Truyền</i> ("the Religious Constitution of Cao Đài Religion"),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETâm1996_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETâm1996-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tân Luật</i> ("The Canonical Codes"), <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(e)_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(e)-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Con Đường Thiêng Liêng Hằng Sống</i> ("Divine Path to Eternal Life").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHộ-Pháp_Phạm_Công_Tắc_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHộ-Pháp_Phạm_Công_Tắc-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sects have additional scriptures.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Canonical_Codes">The Canonical Codes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Canonical Codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This scripture sets out the rules and boundaries for different aspects of the religion, from a believer to the Pope, from education to marriage, etc. There are ten sections in the scripture with the following content: </p> <ol><li>Hierarchy of religious dignitaries</li> <li>Initiation and ranks of believers</li> <li>Establishment of a parish</li> <li>The five interdictions</li> <li>The four commandments</li> <li>Education</li> <li>Sanctions</li> <li>Promulgation of laws and regulations</li> <li>Secular rules</li> <li>The house of meditation</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Religious_Constitution">The Religious Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The Religious Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Pháp Chánh Truyền</i> (The Religious Constitution of Caodaism) was delivered to the religion as a series of divine messages. These are the guiding texts of the religion's organisation, stipulating the authority, responsibility, limits, as well as religious vestment for each rank in the religion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisational_structure">Organisational structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Organisational structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cao_Dai_temple_(Vietnam).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cao_Dai_temple_%28Vietnam%29.jpg/220px-Cao_Dai_temple_%28Vietnam%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cao_Dai_temple_%28Vietnam%29.jpg/330px-Cao_Dai_temple_%28Vietnam%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cao_Dai_temple_%28Vietnam%29.jpg/440px-Cao_Dai_temple_%28Vietnam%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Inner hall the Caodaism Holy See, Tây Ninh Province.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cao_Dai_monks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Cao_Dai_monks.jpg/220px-Cao_Dai_monks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Cao_Dai_monks.jpg/330px-Cao_Dai_monks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Cao_Dai_monks.jpg/440px-Cao_Dai_monks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Caodaists worshipping in a temple. Priests are dressed in red, blue and yellow, followers in white.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cao_Dai_Temple_Vietnam(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cao_Dai_Temple_Vietnam%282%29.jpg/220px-Cao_Dai_Temple_Vietnam%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cao_Dai_Temple_Vietnam%282%29.jpg/330px-Cao_Dai_Temple_Vietnam%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cao_Dai_Temple_Vietnam%282%29.jpg/440px-Cao_Dai_Temple_Vietnam%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>On top is <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>, on his right <a href="/wiki/Lao_Tzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao Tzu">Lao Tzu</a>, on his left <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a>. Under Buddha is <a href="/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai">Li Bai</a>. On Li Bai's right is the female <a href="/wiki/Boddhisattva" class="mw-redirect" title="Boddhisattva">Boddhisattva</a> <a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a>, on his left is the red-faced warrior <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Gong</a>. Below Li Bai is <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, and below Jesus is <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Ziya" title="Jiang Ziya">Jiang Ziya</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The organisational structure of the Caodaist church has similarities with that of a state. There are similarities between the hierarchy of the Caodaist clergy and that of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. Besides the <a href="/wiki/Pope#In_new_religious_movements" title="Pope">Pope</a>, the Caodaist hierarchy has Cardinals, Bishops, Priests, and further ranks. </p><p>Caodaism stresses equality among men and women in society. However, in the spiritual domain, ordained women may not attain the two highest positions: the Legislative Cardinal and the Pope. The church claims this is ordered by the Highest Lord, who declared that because <i>Dương</i> (Yang) represents male and <i>Âm</i> (Yin) corresponds to female, Yin cannot dominate Yang spiritually or else chaos ensues. </p><p>The Religion is governed by two powers, the spiritual and earthly ones. </p><p>The spiritual power (Bát Quái Đài): This is the heavenly council, that is, the Spirit and Soul of the New Religion. The council directs all activities of the universe. The council is the invisible part, made up of the Divine Beings, and directed by Duc Cao Dai (God the Father). The Divine Beings represent different religions of the world, including: </p> <dl><dt>Founders of five religions</dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a> (Buddhism),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Tze" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao Tze">Lao Tze</a> (Taoism),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> (Confucianism),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> (Christianity),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Ziya" title="Jiang Ziya">Jiang Ziya</a> (Geniism).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (September 2023)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Founders and teachers of Caodaism</dt> <dd>who represent the doctrines of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a> (Buddhism),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai">Li Bai</a> (Taoism),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a> (Confucianism).</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>The earthly power: To avoid dictatorship, God divided the earthly power into two bodies – an Executive Body (Cửu Trùng Đài) headed by the Pope, and a Legislative Body (Hiệp Thiên Đài) headed by the Hộ Pháp (Protector of Laws and Justice). The former takes charge of the administration of the Religion and its missionary activities, while the latter oversees legislation, jurisdiction and communication with God or Divine Beings. There is also the Charitable Body placed under the supervision of the Legislative Body, and a Lay Committee of selected professional specialists among worthy followers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Executive_Body_(Cửu_Trùng_Đài)"><span id="The_Executive_Body_.28C.E1.BB.ADu_Tr.C3.B9ng_.C4.90.C3.A0i.29"></span>The Executive Body (Cửu Trùng Đài)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Executive Body (Cửu Trùng Đài)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Cửu Trùng Ðài</i> is the Executive Body of Caodaism which takes charge of the administration of the Religion and missionary activities. Head of <i>Cửu Trùng Ðài</i> is <i>Giáo-Tông</i> (Pope). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Giáo-Tông (Pope) represents God to watch over the preservation of His Religion in this world. Whatever his age, he is eldest brother and acts as a guide for the children of God. The Spiritual Power has decided that this is so. The Giáo-Tông (Pope) has the same powers as God to teach Virtue to all His Disciples. He is concerned with each one of them, he guides each one and takes care to ensure that each one does not transgress the Divine Laws (Thiên Điều). He obliges all disciples of God to conform strictly to the prescriptions of the New Codes (Tân Luật) ... Since the Giáo-Tông (Pope) has full powers to replace God he must try to transform the life of suffering into an existence marked by happiness. This is the Exalted Task of the Giáo-Tông (Pope).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETâm1996_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETâm1996-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>There are nine ranks in its hierarchy: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number</th> <th>Rank </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Pope </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Censor Cardinals </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Cardinals </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td>Archbishops </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td>Bishops </td></tr> <tr> <td>3,000</td> <td>Priests </td></tr> <tr> <td>no limit</td> <td>Student Priests </td></tr> <tr> <td>no limit</td> <td>Subdignitaries </td></tr> <tr> <td>no limit</td> <td>Followers </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For male dignitaries of the Executive Body, from the rank of Censor Cardinal to that of Student Priest, each echelon is subdivided into three branches corresponding to the three principal religions: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dt>Buddhist Branch</dt> <dd>These dignitaries are dressed in yellow.</dd> <dt>Taoist Branch</dt> <dd>These dignitaries are dressed in azure.</dd> <dt>Confucianist Branch</dt> <dd>These dignitaries are dressed in red.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Dignitaries of the same echelon, either Confucianist, Taoist or Buddhist, have the same attributes. </p><p>At the Holy See, there are three governing councils: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dt>The Popular Council</dt> <dd>composed of Student Priests, Sub-dignitaries, and representatives of adherents in the ratio of one delegate per 500 members. The Popular Council makes plans for the future.</dd> <dt>The Sacerdotal Council</dt> <dd>composed of Priests, Bishops, Archbishops, and Principal Archbishops. The Sacerdotal Council examines the plans made by the Popular Council.</dd> <dt>The High Council</dt> <dd>composed of Cardinals, Legislative Body Cardinals, and the Pope.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>All plans made by the Popular Council and favoured by the Sacerdotal Council are submitted to High Council for approval. </p><p>In addition, there is also a Central Administration body chaired by three Cardinals. Each of them is assisted by three Principal Archbishops to oversee three religious ministries: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dt>The Principal Archbishops of the Buddhist branch</dt> <dd>take care of finances, supply, and public works.</dd> <dt>The Principal Archbishops of the Taoist branch</dt> <dd>take care of education, health, and agriculture.</dd> <dt>The Principal Archbishops of the Confucianist branch</dt> <dd>take care of interior, rites, and justice.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The administrative network which functions throughout Vietnam consists of: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dt>The Religious Region (<i>Trấn Đạo</i>)</dt> <dd>comprising several provinces, headed by a Bishop who is called the Regional Religious Chief / Khâm Trấn Đạo.</dd> <dt>The Religious Province (<i>Châu Đạo</i>)</dt> <dd>comprising several districts / delegations, headed by a Priest who is called Provincial Religious Chief / Khâm Châu Đạo.</dd> <dt>The Religious District (<i>Họ Đạo</i>)</dt> <dd>comprising several villages, headed by a Student Priest who is called the Religious Chief of Delegation (<i>Đầu Tộc Đạo / Đầu Họ Đạo / Đầu Phận Đạo</i>).</dd> <dt>The Religious Village (<i>Hương Đạo</i>)</dt> <dd>headed by a Sub-dignitary who is called Village Religious Chief (<i>Đầu Hương Đạo</i>). He is assisted by one (or more) <i>Phó Trị Sự</i> (Deputy Chief for Administration of a religious village) representing the Executive Body and one (or more) <i>Thông Sự</i> representing the Legislative Body. The Religious Village is made up of Religious Hamlets (<i>Ấp Đạo</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palace_Uniting_Heaven_and_Earth_(Hiệp_Thiên_Đài)"><span id="Palace_Uniting_Heaven_and_Earth_.28Hi.E1.BB.87p_Thi.C3.AAn_.C4.90.C3.A0i.29"></span>Palace Uniting Heaven and Earth (Hiệp Thiên Đài)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Palace Uniting Heaven and Earth (Hiệp Thiên Đài)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This Body has the duty of communicating with Divine Beings, to preserve the religious laws and listen to the complaints of the unhappy. It is headed by the <i>Hộ Pháp</i> (Defender of the Dharma,protector of laws and justice), and assisted by the <i>Thượng Phẩm</i> (Director of religious affairs) and <i>Thượng Sanh</i> (Director of secular affairs). </p> <dl><dt><i>Hộ-Pháp</i> (護法) (The head of Legislative Body Affairs)</dt> <dd>unveils the Mystery of the Invisible and is the Maintainer of the Rules and Laws of the New Religion. He is the one who pronounces judgments on the dignitaries and adepts, elevates the dignity of the fervent through their merit and brings sanctions against those who have committed faults. Defender of the Dharma holds control over the Legislative Body Power both exoterically and esoterically. He watches over the positive progress of the disciples in the Way of God, and guides all evolved souls to Bát-Quái-Đài for the union with Angels, Saints, Immortals and Buddhas.</dd> <dt><i>Thượng-Phẩm</i> (上品) (The head of Religious Affairs)</dt> <dd>Representative of the Ho-Phap in the formation of virtuous souls of the Sacerdotal Council. He depends on the Hộ-Pháp in all his missions. In a word, the Thượng-Phẩm helps the Cửu Trùng Đài to live in an atmosphere of happiness; he reveals the Heavenly Voice to virtuous souls, and guides them to the Divine Phase of the Great Spirits, while closing behind them the door of regression. He considers the priestly laws to take up the defence of all office-bearers and adepts; he prevents all perversion of the Divine Rules, and helps all initiates to attain their aim. He is simultaneously the President of the Hall of Defence and protector of all disciples. The Thượng-Phẩm is "Leader of the Spiritual Power".</dd> <dt><i>Thượng–Sanh</i> (上生) (The head of Secular Affairs)</dt> <dd>has control of all the laws and rules which relate to the worldly life of all adepts to guide them out of the sea of sufferings. He may present a formal complaint before the religious Tribunal against all those who impede the faithful as they move along the Way of God. He is the President of the Hall of Accusation.</dd></dl> <p>Four "zodiacal dignitaries" under each of these branches carry the four key responsibilities of conservation, renovation, reformation, and legislation. They are further assisted by twelve technical academicians, including Bảo Huyền Linh Quân (Theosophy), Bảo Tinh Quân (Astronomy), Bảo Cô Quân (Orphanage), Bảo Văn pháp quân (Culture), Bảo Học Quân (Education), Bảo Y Quân (Health), Bảo Vật Quân (Science and Industry, Bảo Sĩ Quân (Literature), Bảo Sanh Quân (Social work), Bảo Nông Quân (Agriculture), Bảo Công Quân (Public Works), <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3o_Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Qu%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bảo Thương Quân (page does not exist)">Bảo Thương Quân</a> (Economics).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Community_structure">Community structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Community structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Any local area having more than 500 believers is authorized to establish a Parish (Họ Đạo/Tộc Đạo) with a Thánh-Thất (Temple, Church, Holy House) which is led by the authority of a dignitary. Parishes can be established only with the permission and authority of the Giao-Tong/Pope. </p><p>Twice a month, the first and the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, the believers must meet at the Thánh-Thất of the local area to attend the ceremony and listen to the teachings. Exception can be made for those with reasonable excuses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(e)_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(e)-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Holy_See">The Holy See</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The Holy See"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located 90 kilometres (56 mi) north-west of <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a> (formerly Saigon) in Tây-Ninh Province is the Caodaist Holy See. At the centre of this city stands the <a href="/wiki/Great_Divine_Temple" title="Great Divine Temple">Great Divine Temple</a>. As well as being a major centre of pilgrimage, the Caodaism Holy See is also one of Vietnam's major tourist attractions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETam2000_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETam2000-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Branches">Branches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"The period between 1934 and 1975 witnessed not only the robust development of the Cao Dai religion but also saw the separation of the Cao Dai religion into different independent sects, sometimes as many as 30" As of July 2014, "central and provincial authorities have granted legal recognition" to 11 Cao Dai sects.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These sects generally divide along geographic lines. The largest is based in Tây Ninh Province, where the religion was founded in 1926 and where the seat of the Caodaist authority is located. </p><p>The Caodaist Executive Council of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tây Ninh Province">Tây Ninh Province</a> received official government recognition in 1997. Independent Caodaist groups allege that government interference has undermined the independence of the Tây Ninh group, and it no longer faithfully upholds <i>Cao Đài'</i>s principles and traditions. Religious training takes place at individual temples rather than at centralized seminaries. Some Caodaist sects that have broken away from the Tây Ninh Holy See are Cầu Kho, Bến Tre, Minh Chơn Lý, Minh Chơn Đạo, Tiên Thiên, and Hội Thánh Truyền Giáo Trung Việt. <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_V%C4%83n_Chi%C3%AAu" title="Ngô Văn Chiêu">Ngô Văn Chiêu</a> founded Chiếu Minh when he left the original church structure, refusing his appointment as Caodaism's first pope. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ama-gi" title="Ama-gi">Ama-gi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hòa Hảo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Ho%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngọc Hoàng">Ngọc Hoàng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%C3%A0nh_Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Nguyễn Thành Phương">Nguyễn Thành Phương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mother_of_the_West" title="Queen Mother of the West">Queen Mother of the West</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slave_Ship_(Pohl_novel)" title="Slave Ship (Pohl novel)">Slave Ship</a></i>, a science-fiction novel which involves Cao Đài and its pope.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_teachings" title="Three teachings">Three teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%ACnh_Minh_Th%E1%BA%BF" title="Trình Minh Thế">Trình Minh Thế</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarrascoWarmindHawleyReynolds1999182–183-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarrascoWarmindHawleyReynolds1999182–183_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarrascoWarmindHawleyReynolds1999">Carrasco et al. 1999</a>, pp. 182–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a3_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoskins2012a">Hoskins 2012a</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins20151–28-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins20151–28_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoskins2015">Hoskins 2015</a>, pp. 1–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHCHR2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNHCHR2014_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUNHCHR2014">UNHCHR 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins20154;_239-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins20154;_239_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoskins2015">Hoskins 2015</a>, p. 4; 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEller2014184–186,_188-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEller2014184–186,_188_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEller2014">Eller 2014</a>, pp. 184–186, 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a4_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a4_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012a4_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoskins2012a">Hoskins 2012a</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012b-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins2012b_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoskins2012b">Hoskins 2012b</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session28/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session28/Documents/A_HRC_28_66_Add.2_E.doc&action=default&DefaultItemOpen=1">"A_HRC_28_66_Add.2_E.doc"</a>. <i>ohchr.org</i>. 30 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802025642/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session28/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session28/Documents/A_HRC_28_66_Add.2_E.doc&action=default&DefaultItemOpen=1">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ohchr.org&rft.atitle=A_HRC_28_66_Add.2_E.doc&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FHRBodies%2FHRC%2FRegularSessions%2FSession28%2F_layouts%2F15%2FWopiFrame.aspx%3Fsourcedoc%3D%2FEN%2FHRBodies%2FHRC%2FRegularSessions%2FSession28%2FDocuments%2FA_HRC_28_66_Add.2_E.doc%26action%3Ddefault%26DefaultItemOpen%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cao-Dai">"Cao Dai (Vietnamese religion)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107010729/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cao-Dai">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2020</span>. <q>[B]y the early 1990s, Cao Dai was reported to have some two million adherents in Vietnam, Cambodia, France, and the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Cao+Dai+%28Vietnamese+religion%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FCao-Dai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Colors_of_Cao_Dai2015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Colors_of_Cao_Dai2015_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angelstarchristy.com/2015/11/the-religious-colors-of-cao-dai.html">"The Colors of Cao Dai"</a>. Angelstan Christy. 12 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109142656/http://www.angelstarchristy.com/2015/11/the-religious-colors-of-cao-dai.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Colors+of+Cao+Dai&rft.pub=Angelstan+Christy&rft.date=2015-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.angelstarchristy.com%2F2015%2F11%2Fthe-religious-colors-of-cao-dai.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wrldrels.org/2017/08/10/caodaism/">"Caodaism – WRSP"</a>. <i>wrldrels.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429155901/https://wrldrels.org/2017/08/10/caodaism/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wrldrels.org&rft.atitle=Caodaism+%E2%80%93+WRSP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwrldrels.org%2F2017%2F08%2F10%2Fcaodaism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJammes2014182-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJammes2014182_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJammes2014">Jammes 2014</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor2014-07-31-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor2014-07-31_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor2014-07-31_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor2014-07-31">Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor & 2014-07-31</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVietnam_Timeline_1955-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVietnam_Timeline_1955_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVietnam_Timeline_1955">Vietnam Timeline 1955</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECao_Dai_Overseas_Missionary2008-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECao_Dai_Overseas_Missionary2008_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCao_Dai_Overseas_Missionary2008">Cao Dai Overseas Missionary 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(a)_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism_(a)"><i>Sydney Centre for Studies in Caodaism</i> (a)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1970" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, R. B. (1970). "An Introduction to Caodaism II. Beliefs and Organization". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</i>. <b>33</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">573–</span>589. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00126576">10.1017/S0041977X00126576</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-977X">0041-977X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/614523">614523</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154983970">154983970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+Caodaism+II.+Beliefs+and+Organization&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E573-%3C%2Fspan%3E589&rft.date=1970&rft.issn=0041-977X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154983970%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F614523%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00126576&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETam2000-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETam2000_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETam2000_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTam2000">Tam 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caodai.org/p127/caodai-concepts">"Caodai.org - CAODAI, ITS CONCEPTS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caodai.org+-+CAODAI%2C+ITS+CONCEPTS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caodai.org%2Fp127%2Fcaodai-concepts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver19768-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver19768_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver19768_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOliver1976">Oliver 1976</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver19769-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver19769_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOliver1976">Oliver 1976</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver197610-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver197610_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOliver1976">Oliver 1976</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskins201599–110-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskins201599–110_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoskins2015">Hoskins 2015</a>, pp. 99–110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(c)-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(c)_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism_(c)"><i>Sydney Centre for Studies in Caodaism</i> (c)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(d)-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(d)_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism_(d)"><i>Sydney Centre for Studies in Caodaism</i> (d)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETâm1996-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETâm1996_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETâm1996_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTâm1996">Tâm 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(e)-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(e)_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism''_(e)_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSydney_Centre_for_Studies_in_Caodaism_(e)"><i>Sydney Centre for Studies in Caodaism</i> (e)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHộ-Pháp_Phạm_Công_Tắc-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHộ-Pháp_Phạm_Công_Tắc_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHộ-Pháp_Phạm_Công_Tắc">Hộ-Pháp Phạm Công Tắc</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSydney_Centre_of_Studies_in_Caodaism_(f)">Sydney Centre of Studies in Caodaism (f)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://religion.vn/Plus.aspx/en/News/71/0/1010076/0/4946/The_Cao_Dai_religion">"The Cao Dai religion"</a>. <i>religion.vn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816145641/http://religion.vn/Plus.aspx/en/News/71/0/1010076/0/4946/The_Cao_Dai_religion">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=religion.vn&rft.atitle=The+Cao+Dai+religion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freligion.vn%2FPlus.aspx%2Fen%2FNews%2F71%2F0%2F1010076%2F0%2F4946%2FThe_Cao_Dai_religion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiederman2006" class="citation news cs1">Biederman, Patricia Ward (7 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-jan-07-me-beliefs7-story.html">"Cao Dai fuses great faiths of the world"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222130244/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/jan/07/local/me-beliefs7">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Cao+Dai+fuses+great+faiths+of+the+world&rft.date=2006-01-07&rft.aulast=Biederman&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Ward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2006-jan-07-me-beliefs7-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrascoWarmindHawleyReynolds1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Carrasco" title="David Carrasco">Carrasco, David</a>; Warmind, Morten; Hawley, John Stratton; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Reynolds_(academic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Reynolds (academic) (page does not exist)">Reynolds, Frank</a>; Giarardot, Norman; <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Neusner" title="Jacob Neusner">Neusner, Jacob</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Pelikan" title="Jaroslav Pelikan">Pelikan, Jaroslav</a>; Campo, Juan; Penner, Hans (1999). <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Doniger" title="Wendy Doniger">Wendy Doniger</a> (ed.). <i>Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions</i>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a>. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0"><bdi>978-0-87779-044-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-044-0&rft.aulast=Carrasco&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Warmind%2C+Morten&rft.au=Hawley%2C+John+Stratton&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Frank&rft.au=Giarardot%2C+Norman&rft.au=Neusner%2C+Jacob&rft.au=Pelikan%2C+Jaroslav&rft.au=Campo%2C+Juan&rft.au=Penner%2C+Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEller2014" class="citation book cs1">Eller, Jack David (2014). <i>Introducing Anthropology of Religion: Culture to the Ultimate</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-57914-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-57914-4"><bdi>978-1-317-57914-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+Anthropology+of+Religion%3A+Culture+to+the+Ultimate&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-57914-4&rft.aulast=Eller&rft.aufirst=Jack+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskins2012a" class="citation report cs1">Hoskins, Janet Alison (2012a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/edit/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/NL643-6.pdf">What Are Vietnam's Indigenous Religions?</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University. pp. <span class="nowrap">4–</span>6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181944/http://www.cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/edit/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/NL643-6.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=What+Are+Vietnam%27s+Indigenous+Religions%3F&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pub=Center+for+Southeast+Asian+Studies%2C+Kyoto+University&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Hoskins&rft.aufirst=Janet+Alison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp%2Fedit%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F02%2FNL643-6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskins2012b" class="citation report cs1">Hoskins, Janet Alison (2012b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1933794">"God's Chosen People": Race, Religion and Anti-Colonial Struggle in French Indochina</a> (Report). Asia Research Institute of the National University of Singapore. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510093220/https://www.academia.edu/1933794">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%22God%27s+Chosen+People%22%3A+Race%2C+Religion+and+Anti-Colonial+Struggle+in+French+Indochina&rft.pub=Asia+Research+Institute+of+the+National+University+of+Singapore&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Hoskins&rft.aufirst=Janet+Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1933794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskins2015" class="citation book cs1">Hoskins, Janet Alison (2015). <i>The Divine Eye and the Diaspora: Vietnamese syncretism becomes transpacific Caodaism</i>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-824-85140-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-824-85140-8"><bdi>978-0-824-85140-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Divine+Eye+and+the+Diaspora%3A+Vietnamese+syncretism+becomes+transpacific+Caodaism&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-824-85140-8&rft.aulast=Hoskins&rft.aufirst=Janet+Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHộ-Pháp_Phạm_Công_Tắc" class="citation report cs1">Hộ-Pháp Phạm Công Tắc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daotam.info/booksv/dptel/dptel.htm">Divine Path to Eternal Life</a>. <i>Sydney Centre for Studies in Caodaism</i> (Report). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150812165146/http://daotam.info/booksv/dptel/dptel.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+outline+of+Caodaism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daotam.info%2Fcdinans.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTâm1996" class="citation report cs1">Tâm, Đào Công (8 November 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daotam.info/booksv/PhapChanhTruyen/PhapChanhTruyen.htm">The Religious Constitution of Cao Đài Religion</a>. <i>Sydney Centre for Studies in Caodaism</i> (Report). University of Sydney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150812211020/http://daotam.info/booksv/PhapChanhTruyen/PhapChanhTruyen.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VietnamGear.com&rft.atitle=Vietnam+Timeline+1955&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vietnamgear.com%2FIndochina1955.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskins" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hoskins, Janet Alison. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wrldrels.org/2017/08/10/caodaism/">"Caodaism"</a>. <i>World Religion and Spirituality</i>. 0037768610375520. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429155901/https://wrldrels.org/2017/08/10/caodaism/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Paris: Les Indes Savantes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84654-351-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84654-351-4"><bdi>978-2-84654-351-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Oracles+du+Cao+Dai%3A+%C3%89tude+d%27un+mouvement+religieux+vietnamien+et+de+ses+r%C3%A9seaux&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Les+Indes+Savantes&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-2-84654-351-4&rft.aulast=Jammes&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor2014-07-31" class="citation report cs1">"Vietnam". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51535.htm">International Religious Freedom Report 2005</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor" title="Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor">Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>. 30 June 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113041016/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51535.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2005&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.date=2005-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2005%2F51535.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCao_Dai_Overseas_Missionary2008" class="citation web cs1">Cao Dai Overseas Missionary (7 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815173949/http://english.caodai.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=41">"Cao Dai FAQ"</a>. <i>caodai.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.caodai.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=41">the original</a> on 15 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=caodai.net&rft.atitle=Cao+Dai+FAQ&rft.date=2008-01-07&rft.au=Cao+Dai+Overseas+Missionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.caodai.net%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D60%26Itemid%3D41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaodaism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Blagov, Sergei (2012). <i>Caodaism: Vietnamese Traditionalism and Its Leap Into Modernity</i>. Nova Science Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59033-150-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59033-150-8">1-59033-150-8</a></li> <li>Goossaert, Vincent; Palmer, David A. (2011). <i>The Religious Question in Modern China</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-00533-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-00533-X">0-226-00533-X</a></li> <li>Jammes, Jeremy (2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viet-studies.info/CaoDai_Sep2010.pdf">Divination and Politics in Southern Vietnam: Roots of Caodaism</a></i>. Social Compass 57(3), 357–371. DOI: 10.1177/</li> <li>Werner, Jayne (1981). Peasant Politics and Religious Sectarianism: Peasant and Priest in the Cao Dai in Vietnam. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asian Studies. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-938692-07-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-938692-07-2">978-0-938692-07-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caodaism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caodai.com.vn/en">Official website of the Tay Ninh Holy See</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caodai.org/">CAODAI</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caodai-europe.info">Caodai de l'Europe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220910025108/https://www.caodai-europe.info/">Archived</a> 10 September 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caodaitv.free.fr">Caodaist French Resources</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religious groups and denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table 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href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelder Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement#Associated_Bible_Students" title="Bible Student movement">Associated Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Bible_Students" title="Free Bible Students">Free Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Kitawala" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Kitawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laymen%27s_Home_Missionary_Movement" title="Laymen's Home Missionary Movement">Laymen's Home Missionary Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernist Salafism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Illahism" title="Ali-Illahism">Ali-Illahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishikism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism" title="Kurdish Alevism">Kurdish Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdawi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdawi movement">Mahdavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milah_Abraham" title="Milah Abraham">Milah Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azali" title="Azali">Azalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm-e-Khshnoom" title="Ilm-e-Khshnoom">Ilm-e-Khshnoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism/Uatsdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshani_movement" title="Roshani movement">Roshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvationist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_sects_and_schools" title="Shinto sects and schools">list</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Đạo Mẫu">Đạo Mẫu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapatya" title="Ganapatya">Ganapatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumaram" title="Kaumaram">Kaumaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_(Hinduism)" title="Saura (Hinduism)">Sauraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Neo-Hinduism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Thiền</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Amidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Neo-Buddhism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_people#Religion" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda#Religion" title="Vedda">Vedda religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_creation_myth" title="Tungusic creation myth">Tungusic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenks#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarna_(place)" title="Sarna (place)">Sarnaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Batak Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Religion_and_festivals" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sabahan_religions" title="Traditional Sabahan religions">Traditional Sabahan religions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Karo Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_folk_religion" title="Malaysian folk religion">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">Philippine Dayawism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagalog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Sumbese Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sundanese Wiwitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native<br />American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe#Spiritual_beliefs" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache#Religion" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">Californian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)" title="Kuksu (religion)">Kuksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_religion" title="Pomo religion">Pomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_religion" title="Crow religion">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mothers_Society" title="Four Mothers Society">Four Mothers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people#Religion" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muscogee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyandot religion">Wyandot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples#Religion" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_religion" title="Purépecha religion">Purépecha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo#Spiritual_and_religious_beliefs" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_mythology" title="Nuu-chah-nulth mythology">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_religion" title="Pueblo religion">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo#Religion" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux#Religion" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_religion" title="Lakota religion">Lakota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_mythology" title="Tsimshian mythology">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_mythology" title="Ute mythology">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions#Washat_Dreamers_Religion" title="Native American religions">Washat Dreamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui#Yaqui_cosmology_and_religion" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Hmongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_(religion)" title="Mo (religion)">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Satsana Phi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" title="Burmese folk religion">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathouism" title="Bathouism">Bathouism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Bongthingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba" title="Dongba">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_shamanism" title="Gurung shamanism">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional <br /> African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Guanche church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Sub-Saharan<br />African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluba mythology">Baluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushongo mythology">Bushongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_religion" title="Dinka religion">Dinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon religion">Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotuko mythology">Lotuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_mythology" title="Lozi mythology">Lozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_religion" title="San religion">San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" title="Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waaqeffanna" title="Waaqeffanna">Waaqeffanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Diasporic</a>:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Siberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New<br /> religious<br /> movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meivazhi" title="Meivazhi">Meivazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modekngei" title="Modekngei">Modekngei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensegrity_(Castaneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensegrity (Castaneda)">Tensegrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roerichism" title="Roerichism">Roerichism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">White Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern<br />paganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Circassian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism (modern religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Italo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Authentism" title="Russian Authentism">Authentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">De novo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_religions220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">Historical religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Old Prussian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuegians#Spiritual_culture" title="Fuegians">Fuegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism" title="Orphism">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation#Religion" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Harappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_religion" title="Hurrian religion">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederacy#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Confederacy">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Jamaican Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Indigenous_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Indigenous religion">Nauruan Indigenous religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian mythology">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era#Culture_and_religion" title="Basketmaker III Era">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo II Period">Pueblo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo III Period">Pueblo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo IV Period">Pueblo IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cult of Magna Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_religion" title="Punic religion">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_religion" title="Tongan religion">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu#Religion" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization#Religion_and_Myth" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" title="Religious disaffiliation">Disaffiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_behaviour" title="Religious behaviour">Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belief#Religion" title="Belief">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_to_prayer" title="Call to prayer">Call to prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(religion)" title="Covenant (religion)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">Denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopraxy" title="Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains" title="Sacred mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tree" title="Sacred tree">Trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" title="Religious views on truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_religion" title="Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship" title="Fire worship">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious<br />studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative</a></li> <li>Demographics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_religious_groups" title="Major religious groups">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_religions" title="World religions">World</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neurotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">Soteriology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">Religion <br />and society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_assimilation" title="Religious assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">National church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">National religiosity levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiocentrism" title="Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deconstruction" title="Positive deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Overviews<br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion-related_lists" title="Category:Religion-related lists">lists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_been_considered_deities" title="List of people who have been considered deities">Deification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founders_of_religious_traditions" title="List of founders of religious traditions">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" title="Index of religion-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings" title="List of largest peaceful gatherings">Mass gatherings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_religion" title="Outline of religion">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_by_country220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Angola" title="Religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Benin" title="Religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi" title="Religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cameroon" title="Religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Religion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eritrea" title="Religion in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Gambia" title="Religion in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea" title="Religion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Religion in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lesotho" title="Religion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liberia" title="Religion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madagascar" title="Religion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mali" title="Religion in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritania" title="Religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Morocco" title="Religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Namibia" title="Religion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niger" title="Religion in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Rwanda" title="Religion in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Seychelles" title="Religion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Religion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Sudan" title="Religion in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Togo" title="Religion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tunisia" title="Religion in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda" title="Religion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zambia" title="Religion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Religion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Religion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Luxembourg" title="Religion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_San_Marino" title="Religion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_America" title="Religion in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Religion in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Bahamas" title="Religion in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Barbados" title="Religion in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belize" title="Religion in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Costa_Rica" title="Religion in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Dominica" title="Religion in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guatemala" title="Religion in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Honduras" title="Religion in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Religion in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mexico" title="Religion in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nicaragua" title="Religion in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Panama" title="Religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Religion in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_America" title="Religion in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Argentina" title="Religion in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bolivia" title="Religion in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ecuador" title="Religion in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guyana" title="Religion in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Paraguay" title="Religion in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Peru" title="Religion in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Suriname" title="Religion in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uruguay" title="Religion in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Venezuela" title="Religion in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion" title="Category:Religion">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_religious_movements155" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Religious_Movements" title="Template:New Religious Movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Religious_Movements" title="Template talk:New Religious Movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Religious_Movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Religious Movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_religious_movements155" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Dharm" title="Adi Dharm">Adi Dharm</a>/<a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Seventh_Day)" title="Church of God (Seventh Day)">CoG7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">SDA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetherius_Society" title="Aetherius Society">Aetherius Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement">Lahore Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Marga" title="Ananda Marga">Ananda Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMORC" title="AMORC">AMORC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophical_Society" title="Anthroposophical Society">Anthroposophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinism" title="Antoinism">Antoinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrongism" title="Armstrongism">Armstrongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Kumaris" title="Brahma Kumaris">Brahma Kumaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_Davidians" title="Branch Davidians">Branch Davidians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_the_Cross_and_Star" title="Brotherhood of the Cross and Star">Brotherhood of the Cross and Star</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahidism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Chinese salvationist religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Mission" title="Chinmaya Mission">Chinmaya Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Divine_Science" title="Church of Divine Science">Church of Divine Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" title="Church of Scientology">Church of Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Church of the Guanche People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Family_International" title="The Family International">The Family International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fung_Loy_Kok_Institute_of_Taoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fung Loy Kok Institute of Taoism">Fung Loy Kok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven%27s_Gate_(religious_group)" title="Heaven's Gate (religious group)">Heaven's Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Mission_movement" title="International Peace Mission movement">International Peace Mission movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitation_to_Life" title="Invitation to Life">Invitation to Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Jewish Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jesus_Christ_(church)" title="Kingdom of Jesus Christ (church)">Kingdom of Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Church_of_Kopimism" title="Missionary Church of Kopimism">Kopimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saints</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Bodhi_Society" title="Maha Bodhi Society">Maha Bodhi Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahikari_movement" title="Mahikari movement">Mahikari movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukyo_Mahikari" title="Sukyo Mahikari">Sukyo Mahikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Divine_Light" title="World Divine Light">World Divine Light</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Judaism" title="Messianic Judaism">Messianic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Rodnovery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Science_Temple_of_America" title="Moorish Science Temple of America">Moorish Science Temple of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Confucianism" title="New Confucianism">New Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kadampa_Tradition" title="New Kadampa Tradition">New Kadampa Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Science" title="Religious Science">Religious Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Church" title="Unity Church">Unity Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuwaubian_Nation" title="Nuwaubian Nation">Nuwaubian Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oomoto" title="Oomoto">Oomoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmarian_Catholic_Church" title="Palmarian Catholic Church">Palmarian Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Temple" title="Peoples Temple">Peoples Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_of_Ar%C3%A8s" title="Pilgrims of Arès">Pilgrims of Arès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prathyaksha_Raksha_Daiva_Sabha" title="Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha">Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Church_of_the_Final_Judgment" title="Process Church of the Final Judgment">The Process Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsei_Kai" title="Risshō Kōsei Kai">Risshō Kōsei Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahaja_Yoga" title="Sahaja Yoga">Sahaja Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Muerte" title="Santa Muerte">Santa Muerte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Daime" title="Santo Daime">Santo Daime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LaVeyan_Satanism" title="LaVeyan Satanism">LaVeyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Satan" title="Church of Satan">Church of Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Set" title="Temple of Set">Temple of Set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Temple" title="The Satanic Temple">The Satanic Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theistic_Satanism" title="Theistic Satanism">Theistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joy_of_Satan_Ministries" title="Joy of Satan Ministries">Joy of Satan Ministries</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba_movement" title="Sathya Sai Baba movement">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakers" title="Shakers">Shakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambhala_Training" title="Shambhala Training">Shambhala Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Ram_Chandra_Mission" title="Shri Ram Chandra Mission">Shri Ram Chandra Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soka_Gakkai" title="Soka Gakkai">Soka Gakkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism" title="Kardecist spiritism">Spiritism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation_movement" title="Transcendental Meditation movement">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Buddha_School" title="True Buddha School">True Buddha School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_communities" title="Twelve Tribes communities">Twelve Tribes communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unarius_Academy_of_Science" title="Unarius Academy of Science">Unarius Academy of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism#United_Submitters_International" title="Quranism">United Submitters International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Kingdom_of_God" title="Universal Church of the Kingdom of God">Universal Church of the Kingdom of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">Universal White Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lightning" title="Eastern Lightning">Eastern Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_International" title="The Way International">The Way International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weixinism" title="Weixinism">Weixinjiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_of_Faith" title="Word of Faith">Word of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mission_Society_Church_of_God" title="World Mission Society Church of God">World Mission Society Church of God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Drew_Ali" title="Noble Drew Ali">Noble Drew Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Applewhite" title="Marshall Applewhite">Marshall Applewhite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Angelo_Aquino" title="Michael Angelo Aquino">Michael Angelo Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_W._Armstrong" title="Herbert W. Armstrong">Herbert W. Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoko_Asahara" title="Shoko Asahara">Shoko Asahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bailey" title="Alice Bailey">Alice Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Berg" title="David Berg">David Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky">Helena Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Chinmoy" title="Sri Chinmoy">Sri Chinmoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josemar%C3%ADa_Escriv%C3%A1" title="Josemaría Escrivá">Josemaría Escrivá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" title="Louis Farrakhan">Louis Farrakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fillmore_(Unity_Church)" title="Charles Fillmore (Unity Church)">Charles Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelsang_Gyatso" title="Kelsang Gyatso">Kelsang Gyatso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hak_Ja_Han" title="Hak Ja Han">Hak Ja Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi">Li Hongzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Koresh" title="David Koresh">David Koresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_LaVey" title="Anton LaVey">Anton LaVey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81ngel_Livraga_Rizzi" title="Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi">Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Sheng-yen" title="Lu Sheng-yen">Lu Sheng-yen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Maharishi Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikky%C5%8D_Niwano" title="Nikkyō Niwano">Nikkyō Niwano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Myung_Moon" title="Sun Myung Moon">Sun Myung Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Muhammad" title="Elijah Muhammad">Elijah Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakayama_Miki" title="Nakayama Miki">Nakayama Miki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Parkhurst_Quimby" title="Phineas Parkhurst Quimby">Phineas Parkhurst Quimby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABl" title="Raël">Raël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh" title="Rajneesh">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Rawat" title="Prem Rawat">Prem Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Roerich" title="Helena Roerich">Helena Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taze_Russell" title="Charles Taze Russell">Charles Taze Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Franklin_Rutherford" title="Joseph Franklin Rutherford">Joseph Franklin Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahn_Sahng-hong" title="Ahn Sahng-hong">Ahn Sahng-hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Ranjan_Sarkar" title="Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar">Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" title="Menachem Mendel Schneerson">Menachem Mendel Schneerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Dayal_Singh" title="Shiv Dayal Singh">Shiv Dayal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Srivastava" title="Nirmala Srivastava">Nirmala Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg">Emanuel Swedenborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Tkach" title="Joseph W. Tkach">Joseph W. Tkach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%B6gyam_Trungpa" title="Chögyam Trungpa">Chögyam Trungpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poykayil_Yohannan" title="Poykayil Yohannan">Poykayil Yohannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movements_in_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="New religious movements in the Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-initiated_church" title="African-initiated church">African-initiated church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabad_messianism" title="Chabad messianism">Chabad messianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociological_classifications_of_religious_movements" title="Sociological classifications of religious movements">Classifications of religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">Cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersectarianism" title="Cybersectarianism">Cybersectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_cult" title="Doomsday cult">Doomsday cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">Heresy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-group_favoritism" title="In-group favoritism">In-group favoritism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese new religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_religion" title="Open-source religion">Open-source religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Religious conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism">Religious syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sect" title="Sect">Sect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_religion" title="Self religion">Self religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_evolution" title="Spiritual evolution">Spiritual evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CESNUR" title="CESNUR">CESNUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INFORM" title="INFORM">INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Religions_and_Spirituality_Project" title="World Religions and Spirituality Project">World Religions and Spirituality Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholarship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_study_of_new_religious_movements" title="Academic study of new religious movements">Academic study of new religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History of religion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Contemporary_Religion" title="Journal of Contemporary Religion">Journal of Contemporary Religion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Religio" title="Nova Religio">Nova Religio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology of religion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/When_Prophecy_Fails" title="When Prophecy Fails">When Prophecy Fails</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_new_religious_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to new religious movements">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cult_movement" title="Anti-cult movement">Anti-cult movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_countercult_movement" title="Christian countercult movement">Christian countercult movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">Anti-Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Persecution of Ahmadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Persecution of Baháʼís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Persecution of Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Persecution of Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Religious discrimination against modern pagans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_study_of_new_religious_movements" title="Academic study of new religious movements">Academic study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movements_and_cults_in_popular_culture" title="New religious movements and cults in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Names_of_God335" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Names_of_God" title="Template:Names of God"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Names_of_God" title="Template talk:Names of God"><abbr 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href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">In Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi#Names" title="Hayyi Rabbi">In Mandaeism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adon" title="Adon">Adonai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khuda" title="Khuda">Khuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvardigar" title="Parvardigar">Parvardigar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathala" title="Bathala">Bathala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavan" title="Bhagavan">Bhagavan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Deva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranyagarbha" title="Hiranyagarbha">Hiranyagarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasadiya_Sukta" title="Nasadiya Sukta">Tad Ekam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svayam_Bhagavan" title="Svayam Bhagavan">Svayam Bhagavan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i" class="mw-redirect" title="Cao Đài">Cao Đài</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukwu" title="Chukwu">Chukwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devla" title="Devla">Devla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Sof" title="Ein Sof">Ein Sof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">El Elyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">El Shaddai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">God the Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">God the Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manitou" title="Manitou">Manitou</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gitche_Manitou" title="Gitche Manitou">Gitche Manitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakan_Tanka" title="Wakan Tanka">Wakan Tanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haneunim" title="Haneunim">Haneunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huwa" title="Huwa">Huwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyang" title="Hyang">Hyang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Acintya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang_Adi_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanghyang Adi Buddha">Sanghyang Adi Buddha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsistos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypsistos">Hypsistos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_that_I_Am" title="I Am that I Am">I Am that I Am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahbulon" title="Jahbulon">Jahbulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_SubGenius" title="Church of the SubGenius">Jehovah 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawu" title="Mawu">Mawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulungu" title="Mulungu">Mulungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngai" title="Ngai">Ngai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyame" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyame">Nyame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzambi_a_Mpungu" title="Nzambi a Mpungu">Nzambi a Mpungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olodumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Olodumare">Olodumare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cl%E1%BB%8Drun" title="Ọlọrun">Ọlọrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Olofi">Olofi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanobua" title="Osanobua">Osanobua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Shen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhu_(Chinese_name_of_God)" title="Tianzhu (Chinese name of God)">Tianzhu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus_(deity)" title="Elagabalus (deity)">Elagabalus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Tenrikyo" title="God in Tenrikyo">Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plotinus#The_One" title="Plotinus">The One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umvelinqangi" title="Umvelinqangi">Umvelinqangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unkulunkulu" title="Unkulunkulu">Unkulunkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Jah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470364#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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