CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134ebf1df24ce72',cH: '1Hy_5j9OHiuS7d3w3ER0w3hGr6vy5STJ_Ry.8Iz1E8M-1739786335-1.2.1.1-0jptTB8KMuS55fReHj2b_bdLfS6pT21ZdqBiKhykE4uAKRQSABxQhYzQmhzudo6p',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Zaki%20M.%20I.%20Osha&__cf_chl_tk=ZSMERT1XGuRRiEI7.cDyFc2MvwzEBquqs.Uvy8832Wk-1739786335-1.0.1.1-LUd.Y4q5uWHvgJ1yHXRM0WPcKGMOhYwGtM7oSeJDMao",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786335',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Zaki%20M.%20I.%20Osha&__cf_chl_f_tk=ZSMERT1XGuRRiEI7.cDyFc2MvwzEBquqs.Uvy8832Wk-1739786335-1.0.1.1-LUd.Y4q5uWHvgJ1yHXRM0WPcKGMOhYwGtM7oSeJDMao",md: "qTORmMqxWYOnquQLOnvYwSFPIXyRFnWJT3ZJtM0Axf0-1739786335-1.2.1.1-5YI630Dr3uECbvtctxWV7BN57JA6cvkBg2MtE5lBo2G8xFSVGPoalwGRVq4SQPQUFpYRVFzbPz5s0KTbjZeqciT1q.4432LRdnzxXF3L7Tyn7NbOOuLofah352tMKLIjW_zITyokkCWToYtxmOLgax9wr2ZtQn_7tpcGiKO5aemnBlGpsqdASLQZAWoOqQf8Is8_jrR7nWCDIuo9flBE4l_Ndi71Rsye.TBXoROOARtN5OxWOCLT2SuCPNm2JcHS2.Kw2uzfHBzNDY5aaXGz3qynLQi7Ny.hFJNjd4yB1dxE5codcjrHZVj0zItbmX2IdKA43F7Hwki6BPDsYZ6RDXa1g5Z_CmWfble8G4AFKwM3FJZ6MbbUN6ecZnvNkB._G5xp4iJgckY7mab0zQw_2xMbwV9qEg.kijm38n78gIoVZzB71sBlwclVVVpQxI8pNMimhKznSAhz24uX.ZJkNVDqO5MsNLRiB_fUwj5DOu0Ka7qaY_AsLj2YyAMFOjo8Xg1tdskW3yS2HTDoZJHsbueheynfFAXOfWxS6R3Wxb15.xI.lzTUKYlxFtlmYTv7Wmw3hka..Uxi6mxF6Qbei8L0rooCjfpTH8VRS7HFjIjCIuR0Vry463wVlSxxaqPB12IrYHnBDsfDsfEufyRXh4OZJowACN0ntPejsTybg0dK6Dd7ENCPxVZ8q8F.f8Ofm31oH3MojhFtjwRy.Q2MKCXsnY928JO.At2G70rZM5T4s2r0yW.4wnppl9ew9XFx7bvIJjO2Qc_v7zx7fy0RNfFTCPYskAhF.jYY6UUDMFL0Jq8zkGbums7Tgmw_nm6JA1M08Tp.6CK_PIXBZqdDXgVU7fd8qqUoCfiLnlU5Bu8GiYlkkVEHX4evfy84Y1uTX_U6lXgSQjmGfbbQPehs0J6F5WoO7vlNecUx0dTNvNy_x0lWSbX0sR8bReI21zEEVT4HBY9ghOmDNB4fa97SkYxraqETgJ2940uR5hYSelHyC8PpMNjSOCpAYY3Gi5UyG5Q6cPO1vCB6B8kEJnCi6LXOWubQaCbXYNFvi8g9ndhz79lWMn_mMvbK9M4kNuq7NekL0GDPSfNgMAtO7QM4AXVbTcZSE8YkjPRwTV2WM6W9FHrPCWXg_w.VgEK1UQkSXQn_aVFXr8T2WUv7PIDfNFGXg22.q0GEh_f5YIagzAA9uspak5Pp9iXByc_X9e2YmVWIq2UsG766HP6f5UPaaWJzXpZwe1gMM.wv0a0HOMi1ul_S9q0.iSKODD0t1.ZM8kJDm0vd7lYdOWChvJpLAc9fPx4MV5mtFVRAFV_c4Yn4ejl92_xe57zFP5IEP4fsXR4nq_STXsO8eCOcL9UFUugQAiy4Shp9qpIT.6QyXZjFf_LAQLJtxGvAPYrfzc.cYBXmBozRZLUFUQaocSwSePc1qFApihfh6tqbS7vQeQ4CPfBV6Dqx0ymoBYWnSXuksZwoPF7ZI9Agde7MLXUOPOn5UWfeBgi87hE1jPyRGHAjFMn8_XgmMdrIgfkx04nF9YbDQic8JcTpLaB8S9q_vRX89ljO2YqN5uUG3a3i5m9OdX4TFVBue2mnIDlNK4T8fEwjvJo4FHS.0.NMiJj67JXP02OnYcYdGQPE4D.wTKbCprA6LyuduU2hUq4FmZ9MWaGgaid6Qqw1n6PrN1MUkwGI51aTMGJdwchf9gz41MEkvXkSN3y7x8mM0YkFRQY_wFwPBGDWFF3yhzSAqbUA3KGOJJ1sTla2PpMVeHjtuVutFuu6Lq8FMJzI37PP0iBg_JlEFBz.1aOJU7Gx429TdedLaHuAW.bNsOb9GMRpxfKS.TT9FRogFfgBWfB3vZ1M1ZpwSujSQqjfbHVi8y_.JBi6eH_9sSIcEvC0KOfDX8N_b3JiRZKVZDevlY1mIYr_6lmWT93WgDXxd_5N7izzbHICsqpevgnSOTaxRd0eY3pcAIDrrbg4SRsZtpjY3H1l",mdrd: "yNzIYUEW1P7d7k_lSNeKW61ZYq4FiIYRfxvKC1pWa7c-1739786335-1.2.1.1-jVfOw32lLDygTGAas6njF995jPR2GPfLxcQvXTziDZW7IZBMS0uq9S6KDf5DPY4pYVHGWw0fLc8jDEMGtbzSkP0wcmW11hyC24.xoQfVmZ_5wFJgzacRtQU2BE1tCy06XYfGyWunPzdYSrCx0celyF3562RXEfNKZFIJoSUM6dCdc67zxEFB8TUh0RJ9HNXZL5pHyQVb3GsHrIj6i23yhDhzETAK0FElDaWQZKX9iFWfJbMO4sWsJIdSzBWTSCji395muuCL9k9_Af0cbzXjLtI2lCkdGwM0_3PsY1r67QTwF6IoSlJOEG8PWeYs9UevjH7Tw_po8Ipanccn3tIjRA9t218yE78Ts3ftY6sFDGpAuKVvG_sVdEFVX5et73KS7r.9IVACOW66zjTcfK8bBIROL7c4eWFRP.fa92VLSuFndM9Pvslg3ppdpBbqZKuNYnZcGSAFMYh6HHW3uhpqLgL3Vx8neAAmSuthhbwDdpahwKlmBgTp26gKXX5CLbu7BalbJ3AqHec1sztDCyBJVpd5Np0KPAWfq.NPrOSpm3Q_BLfDR11ZjbGkb.d52y9Ur39QUKOKbfeysae3bwtb7I3ckaQkcoH__Y8ZOCJjupGDMY3BbnhSxWLEtWjIzyVMXhxJoEtt1KyogdHTX8wBbcPVHw5FXhcvPdW.GAPKv.awjj0ZEAbj.vunNzTAmHQQONt2_d0UrFpRj7RLZAvpdHDQFG6iTKiImxM.olOGYuucdTxOJVOh8EpzfibGRtphqJ1S2LnVSip9DH3FAG2Md5jlktn9mgB7j5j1pirigxMeDTY2f1A9Tc3cZhhtgeVDfDjZsEZSplpRjrxKvEz2zlJ0uUWj1KzjBlkmMba3lBA0fAGe12O_gRi8_jZdF9zpqO_ZyjblnPS2KtgXnB7q6qeHU_6ZjNr0mKVvvKLwpRKG9gD2FPr3yVKR50JyRxxa_4RJBXwm2Vw70nYkhj2_LbMfj.QtdBmp_fn8ER3zwRZ8Zhg8fNFzN17_x2z1dYz7YekslNAPAeU577mU0WkYeNtT54Bro9AisMr58oeLeOVoui4Dzfj9ZqTfLSOjoXl9zlVmhGN51mIWqZmqW6I1KAtFhX_ZZLdTh9nxbNKXj4osDEcUrooISEaWwjFb4ZNGp__.dZdEzPIvFIpiBeapGmSrByybNyIa.BYh2nH7iD29Eh6Q3wdq7gNDTjZxi58crdysRZq2hhVyGgZR4EcyEWUryCW0E_qlauqQ33vZ1BKa4sIIZs5FofklQO8noS5P9ozoti7Xhn9Pyky5MfpvwtHzD0Rcm6LzY1.legSv.EVlnpzsATE3RrALtBYRRyrgXUQFVMMMDg5CvU8naAAqFUrlaLMojW1h9eI5cFxk6hPRAN3B0hGF16aPUBb5p1KWr6E80AZcLO9zmlZ0yWiSz5wfuk_7Z2DxKyCUDbiHcPgopmK_u8AdAqxH0CXl3gDps9yVfArzMnqG_j7q7ugqROumW1wtpdwKjoJFVfLxhHa.a0M.JOl8g0zlAYyqunsOsKNLmDgcsWSgCsZ9K94BNJ7YhyrYx7dCrYNGideExBvnOnpXtjknq_RQpO9QxXOTWjh2oeRWdUdDkydipMq_A0MFtqCF67DFJ3g9q0M2Hq_OGE0BlhAvRm094Yq0yS8mbEWj2PrhdcgUGsUJsaxzVH_sa7xV_zZD..XKuyKfs.htNyVq11y.6Reey0waJx2ri4x.dfVO7CAgFW89xKxzdqf6GIwKo3Ywpr4YpRimbXaeH3wjUoZMc1EWpMNmKsKIqsyNXchmwA29RgDWtPV22_bGYR0Ep9VljJh1GvfQCQDq4wMxcmTlEzdPm5kAqnJADoR3aDpd8uiiumuxQqwllwUHPcC2yw81fv4CqxyRC0COCngZN_Zr5psKxXfLhJt42RjOjCgzv70seY2QT3N_7lubFsv9wOzlnI0zQkakfKLY5m6z65dPRhhnswqhHANc"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134ebf1df24ce72';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Zaki%20M.%20I.%20Osha&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ZSMERT1XGuRRiEI7.cDyFc2MvwzEBquqs.Uvy8832Wk-1739786335-1.0.1.1-LUd.Y4q5uWHvgJ1yHXRM0WPcKGMOhYwGtM7oSeJDMao" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>