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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Central_Bikol_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialectal_comparison_of_Central_Bikol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialectal_comparison_of_Central_Bikol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Dialectal comparison of Central Bikol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialectal_comparison_of_Central_Bikol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Particles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Particles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Particles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Particles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Numbers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Numbers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Numbers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angry_speech_register" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angry_speech_register"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Angry speech register</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angry_speech_register-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Bikol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicolano_central" title="Bicolano central – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bicolano central" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بیکول مرکزی دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیکول مرکزی دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Bikol_Sentral" title="Tataramon na Bikol Sentral – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Bikol Sentral" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicol_central" title="Bicol central – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bicol central" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Tungang_Bikol" title="Pinulongang Tungang Bikol – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Tungang Bikol" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicolano_central" title="Bicolano central – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bicolano central" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centra_bikola_lingvo" title="Centra bikola lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Centra bikola lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زبان بیکول مرکزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان بیکول مرکزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicolano_central" title="Bicolano central – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bicolano central" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_bikol_central" title="Lingua bikol central – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua bikol central" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng_Bikol-ng%C3%AE" title="Chûng Bikol-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng Bikol-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%B6%80_%EB%B9%84%EC%BD%9C%EC%96%B4" title="중부 비콜어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중부 비콜어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralni_Bicolano_(jezik)" title="Centralni Bicolano (jezik) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Centralni Bicolano (jezik)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bikol_Tengah" title="Bahasa Bikol Tengah – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bahasa Bikol Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Bikol_Sentral" title="Pagsasao a Bikol Sentral – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Bikol Sentral" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bikol_Tengah" title="Bahasa Bikol Tengah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Bikol Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibikol_cha_Kati" title="Kibikol cha Kati – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kibikol cha Kati" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidurio_bikol%C5%B3_kalba" title="Vidurio bikolų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vidurio bikolų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng_Bikol-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Dṳ̆ng Bikol-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng Bikol-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centraal-Bikol" title="Centraal-Bikol – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Centraal-Bikol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E3%83%93%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="中央ビコール語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中央ビコール語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="بیکولانو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بیکولانو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Bicolano_sentral" title="Lenga Bicolano sentral – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Bicolano sentral" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Центральный бикольский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Центральный бикольский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱠᱳᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱠᱳᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bikolano_leid" title="Central Bikolano leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Central Bikolano leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskibikol" title="Keskibikol – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keskibikol" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Gitnang_Bikol" title="Wikang Gitnang Bikol – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Gitnang Bikol" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="மத்திய பிகோல் மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மத்திய பிகோல் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مرکزی بیکول زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مرکزی بیکول زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%94%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="中比科爾語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中比科爾語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Bikol_Sentral" title="Basa Bikol Sentral – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Bikol Sentral" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33284#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Central Bikol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;"><i>Bikol Sentral</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">Bicol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bicolano_people" title="Bicolano people">Bicolano</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(2.5 million cited 1990 census <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (July 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />6th most spoken native language in the Philippines<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_languages" title="Central Philippine languages">Central Philippine</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bikol_languages" title="Bikol languages">Bikol languages</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Bikol" title="Coastal Bikol">Coastal Bikol</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Central Bikol</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abakada" class="mw-redirect" title="Abakada">Bikol alphabet</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bikol_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikol Braille">Bikol Braille</a><br /><i>Historically <a href="/wiki/Suyat" title="Suyat">Basahan</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised minority<br />language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Regional_language" title="Regional language">Regional language</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Komisyon_sa_Wikang_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino">Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bcl" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bcl">bcl</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/cent2087">cent2087</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bikol_Sentral_language_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bikol_Sentral_language_map.png/320px-Bikol_Sentral_language_map.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="499" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bikol_Sentral_language_map.png/480px-Bikol_Sentral_language_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bikol_Sentral_language_map.png/640px-Bikol_Sentral_language_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Areas where Central Bicolano is spoken in the Philippines</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm/220px--WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="111" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Adela_speaking_Bicolano.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A Central Bikol speaker, recorded in the United States.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Central Bikol</b>, commonly called <b>Bikol Naga</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or simply as <b>Bikol</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian language">Austronesian language</a> spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Bicolano_people" title="Bicolano people">Bicolanos</a>, primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a> of southern <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. It is spoken in the northern and western part of <a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a>, second congressional district of <a href="/wiki/Camarines_Norte" title="Camarines Norte">Camarines Norte</a>, eastern part of <a href="/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a>, northeastern part of <a href="/wiki/Sorsogon" title="Sorsogon">Sorsogon</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Pascual,_Masbate" title="San Pascual, Masbate">San Pascual</a> town in <a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a>, and southwestern part of <a href="/wiki/Catanduanes" title="Catanduanes">Catanduanes</a>. Central Bikol speakers can be found in all provinces of Bicol and it is a majority language in Camarines Sur. The standard <i><a href="/wiki/Sprachraum" title="Sprachraum">sprachraum</a></i> form is based on the <a href="/wiki/Canaman,_Camarines_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaman, Camarines Sur">Canaman</a> dialect. The language has also speakers outside their native regional homeland, especially in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> (particularly in <a href="/wiki/Mati,_Davao_Oriental" title="Mati, Davao Oriental">Mati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a>) </p><p>Central Bikol features some vocabulary not found in other Bikol languages nor in other members of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_languages" title="Central Philippine languages">Central Philippine</a> language family like <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a>. Examples are the words <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">matua</i></span> and <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bitis</i></span>, which are the same as the <a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a> words meaning 'older' and 'foot, feet', respectively. The word <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">banggi</i></span> ('night') is another example of this as it is different from the usual Bikol word <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">gab-i</i></span> but closer to the word <span title="Kapampangan-language text"><i lang="pam">bengi</i></span> of Kapampangan. There is no formal study on the relationship of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon_languages" title="Central Luzon languages">Central Luzon languages</a> to Central Bikol but the latter has several words that are also found in the archaic form of Tagalog spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quezon_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Quezon province">Quezon</a> provinces that are believed to be the home of Central Luzon languages such as Kapampangan in <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sambalic_languages" title="Sambalic languages">Sambalic languages</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a> province. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Central_Bikol_dialects">Central Bikol dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Central Bikol dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of its broad geographic coverage as compared to other Bikol languages separated by islands and mountains, Central Bikol diverged into six dialects, which are still mutually comprehensible. The division of the language into different dialects is mainly because of the influence of other Bikol and non-Bikol languages surrounding the region. </p><p>The Canaman dialect, despite being used only by a small portion of the population in Camarines Sur, is the standard form of Central Bikol used in literature, Catholic religious rites and mass media. <a href="/wiki/Naga,_Camarines_Sur" title="Naga, Camarines Sur">Naga City</a> dialect is spoken in the first, second, third districts (except in Del Gallego, where residents are mostly Tagalog speakers), and in the western and eastern portions of the fourth district (Caramoan, Garchitorena, Presentacion, Siruma and Tinambac) of Camarines Sur. It is also spoken in San Pascual, Masbate (Burias Island) and the southwestern part of Catanduanes. The Partido dialect is spoken in the eastern part of Camarines Sur centered in the southern portion of the fourth districts (Goa, Lagonoy, Sagñay, San Jose, and Tigaon). The Tabaco-Legazpi-Sorsogon (TLS) dialect is spoken in the eastern coast of Albay and the northeastern part of Sorsogon. TLS is the dialect that has been most influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Albay_Bikol_language" title="Albay Bikol language">Inland Bikol languages</a>. The Daet dialect, on the other hand, is spoken in the second district of the province of Camarines Norte. The Virac dialect (or <a href="/wiki/Southern_Catanduanes_Bikol" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Catanduanes Bikol">Viracnon</a> language) is spoken around Virac, Catanduanes and surrounding towns on the southeastern part of the island of Catanduanes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialectal_comparison_of_Central_Bikol">Dialectal comparison of Central Bikol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dialectal comparison of Central Bikol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Canaman dialect (Standard) </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Naga City dialect </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Partido dialect </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Tabaco - Legazpi - Sorsogon (TLS) dialect </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Virac dialect </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Daet dialect </th> <th style="background:#efefff;"><a href="/wiki/Bicolano_(Iriga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicolano (Iriga)">Rinconada Bikol language</a> <br /> (Inland Bikol) </th> <th style="background:#efefff;"><a href="/wiki/Bisakol_languages" title="Bisakol languages">Sorsoganon language</a> <br /> (Bisakol) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Tàdaw ta dai luminayog an gamgam ni Pedro dawà na dai nin kandado an hawla?</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl"><b>Tâno</b> daw ta dai <b>naglayog</b> an gamgam ni Pedro dawà na <b>mayò</b> nin kandado <b>si</b> hawla?</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl"><b>Hadáw</b> ta <b>ê naglayog</b> an gamgam ni Pedro <b>maski</b> na <b>mayò</b> nin kandado <b>su</b> hawla?</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl"><b>Natà</b> daw ta dai <b>naglayog</b> an <b>bayong</b> ni Pedro <b>maski</b> na <b>warâ ki</b> kandado <b>su</b> hawla?</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl"><b>Ngatà</b> daw ta dài <b>nagḽayog</b> an gamgam ni Pedro <b>maski</b> na <b>daing</b> kandado <b>su</b> hawla?</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl"><b>Bakin</b> daw <b>kaya</b> dai <b>naglupad ang ibon</b> ni Pedro <b>maski</b> na <b>mayong</b> kandado <b>si</b> hawla?</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl"><b>Ta'onō/Ŋātâ raw</b> ta <b>diri naglayog adtoŋ bayoŋ</b> ni Pedro <b>dāwâ</b> na <b>ədâ ka</b> kandado <b>su awlā</b>?</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl"><b>Nakay</b> daw <b>kay diri naglupad</b> an <b>tamsi</b> ni Pedro <b>maski</b> na <b>warâ san</b> kandado <b>su</b> hawla?</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Like other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Philippine languages</a>, Bikol has a number of loanwords, largely <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> ones as a result of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Spanish rule</a> in the Philippines. These include <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">swerte</i></span> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">suerte</i></span>, 'luck'), <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">karne</i></span> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">carne</i></span>, 'meat'), <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">imbestigador</i></span> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">investigador</i></span>, 'investigator'), <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">litro</i></span> ('liter'), <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">pero</i></span> ('but'), and <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">krimen</i></span> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">crimen</i></span>, 'crime'). Another source of loanwords in Bikol is <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>, with examples including words like <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bahala</i></span> ('responsibility') and <i><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 16 consonants in the Bikol language: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m,<span class="wrap"> </span>n,<span class="wrap"> </span>ŋ,<span class="wrap"> </span>p,<span class="wrap"> </span>t,<span class="wrap"> </span>k,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʔ,<span class="wrap"> </span>b,<span class="wrap"> </span>d,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡ,<span class="wrap"> </span>s,<span class="wrap"> </span>h,<span class="wrap"> </span>l,<span class="wrap"> </span>w~ʋ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɾ,<span class="wrap"> </span>j~ʝ/</span>. Eight sounds are borrowed from loanwords: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f,<span class="wrap"> </span>v,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɲ,<span class="wrap"> </span>tʃ,<span class="wrap"> </span>dʒ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʒ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʎ/</span>. </p><p>The sound system of the language according to Mintz in 1971<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is as follows. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th>(<a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Denti-</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n̪</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span>) </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a> </th> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t̪</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>voiced</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d̪</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>voiced</small> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sonorant" title="Sonorant">Sonorant</a> </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes">Notes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><b>ʃ</b> – written as <span class="nowrap">⟨sy⟩</span>, this is only found only in loan words from English, as in <i><b>sh</b>irt</i>.</li> <li><b>tʃ</b> – written as <span class="nowrap">⟨ty⟩</span>, this is found in loan words from Spanish and English and is pronounced like the <i>ch</i> in <i><b>ch</b>eck</i>.</li> <li><b>dʒ</b> – written as <span class="nowrap">⟨dy⟩</span>, this is found basically in loan words from English and is pronounced like the <i>j</i> sound in <i><b>j</b>eep</i>.</li> <li><b>ɲ</b> – written as <span class="nowrap">⟨ny⟩</span>, this is found in loan words from Spanish and is pronounced like the <i>ñ</i> in <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">ba<b>ñ</b>os</i></span>.</li> <li><b>ʎ</b> – written as <span class="nowrap">⟨ly⟩</span>, this is found in loan words from Spanish and is pronounced like the <i>ll</i> in <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><b>ll</b>ave</i></span> and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">senci<b>ll</b>o</i></span> (in Spanish dialects without <a href="/wiki/Ye%C3%ADsmo" title="Yeísmo">yeísmo</a>).</li> <li><b>h</b> – Due to contact with the nearby <a href="/wiki/Albay_Bikol_language" title="Albay Bikol language">Albay Bikol languages</a>, words that start with <i>h</i> in Bikol Naga, start with <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> in Bikol Legazpi. <ul><li>Ex: <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">hiling</i></span> ('look', Bikol Naga) becomes <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">iling</i></span> ('look', Bikol Legazpi)</li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Native words exhibit a three-vowel system whose vowels can be noted as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a,<span class="wrap"> </span>i,<span class="wrap"> </span>u/</span>, with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span> realized as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span> in the final syllable. Due to contact with Spanish, modern Central Bikol also has two marginal phonemes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e,<span class="wrap"> </span>o/</span> distinct from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i,<span class="wrap"> </span>u/</span>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Table of the five general Central Bikol vowel phonemes</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨o⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨a⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>  </th> <th>Absolutive </th> <th>Ergative </th> <th>Oblique </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1st person singular</b> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ako</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ko</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sakuya</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sakô</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2nd person singular</b> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ika</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ka</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">mo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">saimo</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sìmo</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3rd person singular</b> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">siya</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">niya</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">saiya</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1st person plural inclusive</b> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kita</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">niato</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ta</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">satuya</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">satô</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1st person plural exclusive</b> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kami</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">niamo</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">mi</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">samuya</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">samô</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2nd person plural</b> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kamo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">nindo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">saindo</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3rd person plural</b> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sinda</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ninda</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sainda</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Particles">Particles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Particles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like many other <a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a>, Bikol has a rich set of discourse particles. </p> <ul><li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bagá</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">diba/nga</i></span>) used for emphasis determined by context</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bayâ</i></span> – giving a chance to someone; polite insisting</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">daa</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">daw</i></span>) quoting information from a secondary source</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">pati</i></span> - emphasizing the condition that intensifies the difficulties. (<span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Mauranon <b>pati</b></i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">daw</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">ba/kaya</i></span>) interrogative particle</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">dawà/maski</i></span> - (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">kahit</i></span>) although</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">dángan</i></span> - (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">tapos</i></span>) then</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">garó</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">mukhang</i></span>, <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">parang</i></span>) likeness or similitude. English: 'It looks like, it's as if'.</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">gáyo</i></span> – 'exactly'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">daing gáyo</i></span> – 'not exactly, not really'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">gayód</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">bakâ</i></span>) 'maybe, could be'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">giráray/liwát</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">[m]uli</i></span>) 'again'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kutâ (na)</i></span> – 'I hope (something did / did not happen' ; 'If only ...' (conditionality of past events)</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">lámang</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">lang/saná</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">lang</i></span>) 'only, just'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">lugód</i></span> – hoping that something will happen, or expressing surrender/assent</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">man</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">din</i></span>, <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">rin</i></span>) 'also' or 'ever' (such as <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ano man</i></span> 'whatever' and <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">si isay man</i></span> 'whoever')</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">malà</i></span> - 1. relenting or agreeing (<span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl"><b>Mala</b>, dumanan mo siya kun iyan an gusto mo</i></span>) 2. one is yielding (<span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl"><b>Mala</b> ta nagpahunod na siya.</i></span>) 3. stating what actually happened (<span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl"><b>Mala</b> iyan, inabotan mi sindang huruba.</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">mûna/ngûna</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">muna</i></span>) 'first' or 'yet'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">na</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">na</i></span>) 'now' or 'already'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">naman</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">naman</i></span>) 'again'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">nanggád</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">talaga</i></span>, <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">nga</i></span>) 'really, truly, absolutely' (adds a sense of certainty)</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">niyako</i></span> – 'I said'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">nganì</i></span> – expresses fate ("This is helpless") or a plea for others not to insist</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ngántig</i></span> – indicates to a person what they should say to another (<span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Ini <b>ngantig</b> an dapat gibohon niya.</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ngápit</i></span> – 'in the future', 'later' (span of time)</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ngayá</i></span> – expresses a hypothetical event/situation (<span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Ini man <b>ngaya</b> an taguan ninda.</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">pa</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">pa</i></span>) 'still'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">palán</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">pala</i></span>) expresses surprise or sudden realization</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">tabì</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">po</i></span>) politeness marker; <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">po</i></span> in some Bikol dialects due to the influence of Tagalog.</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">harambili</i></span> – 'lest' (Akuon ko na sana an ayuda kan barangay, <b>harambili</b>ng makamati nin gutom. I'll just accept the help of the barangay, <b>lest</b> I will get hungry).</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">túlos</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">agad</i></span>) 'immediately, right away'</li> <li><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">talagá</i></span> – (Tagalog: <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">talaga</i></span>) 'really', 'truly'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numbers">Numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There exist two types of numerals in Bikol: native Bikol and Spanish numerals. Generally, Bicolanos use the Spanish terms when referring to time, as in the phrase <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">a las singko</i></span> ('5 o'clock'). However, the native terms can be read in literary books. The Spanish numerals are often encountered in pricing. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <dl><dt>One-half.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Kabangâ / médiya</i></span></dd> <dt>One.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Sarô / uno</i></span>; <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">una</i></span> (used for time); <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">un</i></span> (used for counting higher numbers, rare)</dd> <dt>Two.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Duwá / dos</i></span></dd> <dt>Three.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Tuló / tres</i></span></dd> <dt>Four.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Apát / kuwátro</i></span></dd> <dt>Five.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Limá / síngko</i></span></dd> <dt>Six.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Anóm / saís</i></span></dd> <dt>Seven.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Pitó / siyéte</i></span></dd> <dt>Eight.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Waló / ótso</i></span></dd> <dt>Nine.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Siyám / nuwébe</i></span></dd> <dt>Ten.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Sampulò / diyés</i></span></dd> <dt>Eleven.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Kagsarô / ónse</i></span></dd> <dt>Twelve.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Kagduwá / dóse</i></span></dd> <dt>Thirteen.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Kagtuló / trése</i></span></dd> <dt>Fourteen.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Kag-apát / katórse</i></span></dd> <dt>Fifteen.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Kaglimá / kínse</i></span></dd> <dt>Sixteen.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Kag-anóm / diyésisaís</i></span></dd> <dt>Seventeen.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Kagpitó / diyésisiyéte</i></span></dd> <dt>Eighteen.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Kagwaló / diyésiótso</i></span></dd> <dt>Nineteen.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Kagsiyám / diyésinuwébe</i></span></dd> <dt>Twenty.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Duwampulò / béynte (báynte)</i></span></dd> <dt>Twenty-five.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Duwampulò may lima / béynte (báynte) y síngko</i></span></dd> <dt>Thirty.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Tulompulò / tréynta (tráynta)</i></span></dd> <dt>Thirty-five.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Tulompulò may lima / tréynta (traynta) y singko</i></span></dd> <dt>Forty.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Apát na pulò / kuwarenta</i></span></dd> <dt>Forty-five.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Apát na pulò may lima / kuwarenta y singko</i></span></dd> <dt>Fifty.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Limampulò / singkuwénta</i></span></dd> <dt>Fifty-five.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Limampulò may lima / singkuwénta y singko</i></span></dd> <dt>Sixty.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Anóm na pulò / sesénta (sisénta)</i></span></dd> <dt>Sixty-five.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Anóm na pulò may lima / sesenta (sisénta) y singko</i></span></dd> <dt>Seventy.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Pitompulò / seténta (siténta)</i></span></dd> <dt>Seventy-five.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Pitumpulò may lima / seténta (siténta) y singkó</i></span></dd> <dt>Eighty.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Walompulò / otsénta</i></span></dd> <dt>Eighty-five.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Walompulò may lima / otsénta y singko</i></span></dd> <dt>Ninety.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Siyam na pulò / nobenta</i></span></dd> <dt>Ninety-five.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Siyam na pulò may lima / nobenta y singko</i></span></dd> <dt>One-hundred.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Sanggatós / siyen, siyento</i></span></dd> <dt>One-thousand.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Sangribo / Un mil</i></span></dd> <dt>Ten-thousand.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Sangyukot</i></span> (Old Bikol)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Diyes mil</i></span></dd> <dt>One-million.</dt> <dd><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Sanglaksâ</i></span> (Old Bikol)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">Milyón</i></span></dd></dl></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Angry_speech_register">Angry speech register</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Angry speech register"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Central_Bikol" title="Special:EditPage/Central Bikol">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The angry <a href="/wiki/Register_(sociolinguistics)" title="Register (sociolinguistics)">register</a> of Bikol, also known natively as <i>tamanggot</i> or <i>rapsak</i>, is used when angry, shouting, or speaking in a high-pitched voice at someone. Some examples of the register include: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Normal Bikol </th> <th>Angry-register Bikol </th> <th>English translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">malutò</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">malustod</i></span> </td> <td>rice (cooked) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bagas</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">las(u)gas</i></span> </td> <td>rice (uncooked) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">tubig</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">tamìlig</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">tùlig</i></span> </td> <td>water </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bungog</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">lusngog</i></span> </td> <td>deaf </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">uran</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bagrat</i></span> </td> <td>rain </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bagyo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">alimagyo</i></span> </td> <td>typhoon/hurricane </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">babayi</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">babaknit</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">siknit</i></span> </td> <td>female </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">lalaki</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">lalaknit</i></span> </td> <td>male </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bado</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">gubing</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">la(ma)sdô</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">gubnit</i></span> </td> <td>clothes </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">harong</i></span> (Naga), <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">balay</i></span> (Legazpi) </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">langag</i></span> </td> <td>house </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sira</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sigtok</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">buragtok</i></span> </td> <td>fish </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ikos</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">k(ur)asmag</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kurakod</i></span> </td> <td>cat </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ayam</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">idò</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">da(ma)yô</i></span> (Naga),<br /><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ga(ma)dyâ</i></span> (Legazpi) </td> <td>dog </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">damulag</i></span> (Naga),<br /><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">karabaw</i></span> (Legazpi) </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ga(ma)dyâ</i></span> (Naga) </td> <td>carabao </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">humali</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">wumara</i></span> </td> <td>leave </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">magkakan/kumakan</i></span> (Naga),<br /> <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">magkaon/kumaon</i></span> (Legazpi) </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">hablô</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">humablô</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">habluon</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sibà</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sumibà</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sumibsib</i></span> </td> <td>eat </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">burat</i></span> (Naga),<br /><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">buyong</i></span> (Legazpi) </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">lasngag</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">lusrat</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">lusyong</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bultok</i></span> </td> <td>drunk </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">taram</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">tabil</i></span> </td> <td>to speak </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kapot</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kapotan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kamlô</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kamlùon</i></span> </td> <td>to hold, holding </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">hiling</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">butlâ</i></span> </td> <td>to see </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">bitis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">s(am)ingkil</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">samail</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">siki</i></span> </td> <td>foot </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">talinga</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">talingugngog</i></span> </td> <td>ear </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ngusò</i></span> (Naga),<br /><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ngimot</i></span> (Legazpi) </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ngurapak</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ngaspak</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ngislo</i></span> </td> <td>mouth </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kamot</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kamulmog</i></span> </td> <td>hand </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">mata</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ma(ta)lsok</i></span> </td> <td>eye </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">payo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">ali(ma)ntak</i></span> </td> <td>head </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">hawak</i></span> (Naga),<br /><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">lawas</i></span> (Legazpi) </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kabangkayan</i></span> </td> <td>body </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">tulak</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">tindos</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">la(ma)sdak</i></span> </td> <td>belly/stomach </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sapatos</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sapagtok</i></span> </td> <td>shoe </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kalayo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kalasbot</i></span> </td> <td>fire </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kawali</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">kawalwag</i></span> </td> <td>frying pan </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sarwal</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">sarigwal</i></span> </td> <td>shorts or underwear<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">asin</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">tasik</i></span> </td> <td>salt </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">manok</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">maldos</i></span>, <span title="Central Bikol-language text"><i lang="bcl">malpak</i></span> </td> <td>chicken </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Note:</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Depends on the dialect of Bikol; in some dialects, <i>sarwal</i> means 'shorts', while in others, it means 'underwear'.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikol_languages" title="Bikol languages">Bikol languages</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_2">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/bcl/">Central Bikol</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippine Census, 2000. Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity, Sex and Region: 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLobel2000" class="citation book cs1">Lobel, Jason William (2000). <i>An Satuyang Tataramon / A study of the Bikol Language</i>. Tria, Wilmer Joseph S., Carpio, Jose Maria Z. Naga City: Lobel & Tria Partnership. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-92226-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/971-92226-0-3"><bdi>971-92226-0-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45883453">45883453</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Satuyang+Tataramon+%2F+A+study+of+the+Bikol+Language&rft.place=Naga+City&rft.pub=Lobel+%26+Tria+Partnership&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45883453&rft.isbn=971-92226-0-3&rft.aulast=Lobel&rft.aufirst=Jason+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bikol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMintz1971" class="citation book cs1">Mintz, Malcolm W. (1971). <i>Bikol Dictionary</i>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv9hvs8j">10.2307/j.ctv9hvs8j</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-7891-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-7891-7"><bdi>978-0-8248-7891-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bikol+Dictionary&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv9hvs8j&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-7891-7&rft.aulast=Mintz&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bikol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLisboa1865" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lisboa, Márcos de (1865). <i>Vocabulario de la lengua bicol</i> [<i>Vocabulary of the Bicol language</i>] (in Spanish). Manila: Est. Tip. del Colegio de Santo Tomas. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aqa2025.0001.001/451">32</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocabulario+de+la+lengua+bicol&rft.place=Manila&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Est.+Tip.+del+Colegio+de+Santo+Tomas&rft.date=1865&rft.aulast=Lisboa&rft.aufirst=M%C3%A1rcos+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bikol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLisboa1865" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lisboa, Márcos de (1865). <i>Vocabulario de la lengua bicol</i> [<i>Vocabulary of the Bicol language</i>] (in Spanish). Manila: Est. Tip. del Colegio de Santo Tomas. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aqa2025.0001.001/209">208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocabulario+de+la+lengua+bicol&rft.place=Manila&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Est.+Tip.+del+Colegio+de+Santo+Tomas&rft.date=1865&rft.aulast=Lisboa&rft.aufirst=M%C3%A1rcos+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Bikol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Lobel, Jason William, Wilmer Joseph S Tria, and Jose Maria Z Carpio. 2000. <i>An satuyang tataramon / A study of the Bikol language</i>. Naga City, Philippines: Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary.</li> <li>Mattes, Veronika. 2014. <i>Types of Reduplication: A Case Study of Bikol</i>. Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bikol&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bikol" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Bikol">Bikol</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Central Bikol</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bikol" class="extiw" title="wikt:Bikol">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Central_Bikol_language" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Central Bikol language">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bikol_phrasebook" class="extiw" title="voy:Bikol phrasebook">Phrasebook</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bcl:">Central Bikol edition</a> of Wikipedia</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bikoltranslator.blogspot.com">Translate Bikol</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Bikol_languages" title="Template:Bikol languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bikol_languages" title="Template talk:Bikol languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bikol_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bikol languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bikol_languages78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bikol_languages" title="Bikol languages">Bikol languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Coastal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bikol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bikol language">Central Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Partido_language" title="Inagta Partido language">Inagta Partido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iraya_Agta_language" title="Mount Iraya Agta language">Mount Iraya Agta</a></li> <li>Partido Bikol</li> <li>South Catanduanes Bikol</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Coastal-Inland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albay_Bikol_language" title="Albay Bikol language">Albay Bikol</a></li> <li>Buhinon</li> <li>Libon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinconada_Bikol_language" title="Rinconada Bikol language">Rinconada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iriga_Agta_language" title="Mount Iriga Agta language">Mount Iriga Agta</a></li> <li>East Miraya</li> <li>West Miraya</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Catanduanes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandan_Bikol_language" title="Pandan Bikol language">Pandan Bikol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_the_Philippines255" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Languages of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Languages of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_the_Philippines255" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_languages_of_the_Philippines" title="List of regional languages of the Philippines">Regional languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bikol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bikol language">Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanag_language" title="Ibanag language">Ibanag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karay-a_language" title="Karay-a language">Karay-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_language" title="Maguindanao language">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_language" title="Pangasinan language">Pangasinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waray_language" title="Waray language">Waray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages<br />(by <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">region</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangutaran_Sama_language" title="Pangutaran Sama language">Pangutaran Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama language">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakan_language" title="Yakan language">Yakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albay_Bikol_language" title="Albay Bikol language">Albay Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Partido_language" title="Inagta Partido language">Inagta Partido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manide_language" title="Manide language">Manide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate%C3%B1o_language" title="Masbateño language">Masbateño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iraya_Agta_language" title="Mount Iraya Agta language">Mount Iraya Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iriga_Agta_language" title="Mount Iriga Agta language">Mount Iriga Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sorsogon_language" title="Northern Sorsogon language">Northern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan_Bikol_language" title="Pandan Bikol language">Pandan Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinconada_Bikol_language" title="Rinconada Bikol language">Rinconada Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Catanduanes_Bikol_language" title="Southern Catanduanes Bikol language">Southern Catanduanes Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sorsogon_language" title="Southern Sorsogon language">Southern Sorsogon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arta_language" title="Arta language">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugkalot_language" title="Bugkalot language">Bugkalot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cagayan_Agta_language" title="Central Cagayan Agta language">Central Cagayan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinapigue_Agta" title="Dinapigue Agta">Dinapigue Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupaningan_Agta" title="Dupaningan Agta">Dupaningan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddang_language" title="Gaddang language">Gaddang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinai_language" title="Isinai language">Isinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itbayat_language" title="Itbayat language">Itbayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_language" title="Ivatan language">Ivatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karao_language" title="Karao language">Karao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaweg_language" title="Malaweg language">Malaweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagtipunan_Agta" title="Nagtipunan Agta">Nagtipunan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranan_Agta_language" title="Paranan Agta language">Paranan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranan_language" title="Paranan language">Paranan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogad_language" title="Yogad language">Yogad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Alabat_language" title="Inagta Alabat language">Inagta Alabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manide_language" title="Manide language">Manide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatang_Kayi_language" title="Hatang Kayi language">Hatang Kayi</a> (Remontado)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Umiray Dumaget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_language" title="Agusan language">Agusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Manobo_language" title="Ata Manobo language">Ata Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butuanon_language" title="Butuanon language">Butuanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higaonon_language" title="Higaonon language">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayo_language" title="Kamayo language">Kamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamanwa_language" title="Mamanwa language">Mamanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_language" title="Surigaonon language">Surigaonon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abellen_language" title="Abellen language">Abellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambala_language" title="Ambala language">Ambala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antsi_language" title="Antsi language">Antsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botolan_language" title="Botolan language">Botolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casiguran_Dumagat_Agta" title="Casiguran Dumagat Agta">Casiguran Dumagat Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indi_language" title="Indi language">Indi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasiguranin language">Kasiguranin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marivele%C3%B1o_language" title="Mariveleño language">Mariveleño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alta_language" title="Northern Alta language">Northern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal_language" title="Sambal language">Sambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Umiray Dumaget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Visayas" title="Central Visayas">Central Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantayanon_language" title="Bantayanon language">Bantayanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_language" title="Eskayan language">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolanos_language" title="Karolanos language">Karolanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahat_language" title="Magahat language">Magahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porohanon_language" title="Porohanon language">Porohanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangao_language" title="Balangao language">Balangao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontoc_language" title="Bontoc language">Bontoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%27dang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ga'dang language">Ga'dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_language" title="Ibaloi language">Ibaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao_language" title="Ifugao language">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isnag_language" title="Isnag language">Isnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itneg_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Itneg language">Itneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaak_language" title="Iwaak language">Iwaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_language" title="Kalinga language">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_language" title="Kankanaey language">Kankanaey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaweg_language" title="Malaweg language">Malaweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwali_language" title="Tuwali language">Tuwali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davaoe%C3%B1o_language" title="Davaoeño language">Davaoeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalagan_language" title="Kalagan language">Kalagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klata_language" title="Klata language">Klata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaya_language" title="Mandaya language">Mandaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansaka_language" title="Mansaka language">Mansaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obo_language" title="Obo language">Obo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangirese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangirese language">Sangirese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangani_language" title="Sarangani language">Sarangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagabawa_language" title="Tagabawa language">Tagabawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Visayas" title="Eastern Visayas">Eastern Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaknon_language" title="Abaknon language">Abaknon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybay_language" title="Baybay language">Baybay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabalian_language" title="Kabalian language">Kabalian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolinao_language" title="Bolinao language">Bolinao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taglish" title="Taglish">Taglish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mimaropa" title="Mimaropa">Mimaropa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agutaynen_language" title="Agutaynen language">Agutaynen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alangan_language" title="Alangan language">Alangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantoanon_language" title="Bantoanon language">Asi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_language_(Philippines)" title="Batak language (Philippines)">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_language" title="Buhid language">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamian_Tagbanwa_language" title="Calamian Tagbanwa language">Calamian Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tagbanwa_language" title="Central Tagbanwa language">Central Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyonon_language" title="Cuyonon language">Cuyonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_language" title="Hanunoo language">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraya_language" title="Iraya language">Iraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagayanen_language" title="Kagayanen language">Kagayanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molbog_language" title="Molbog language">Molbog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onhan_language" title="Onhan language">Onhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawano_language" title="Palawano language">Palawano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratagnon_language" title="Ratagnon language">Ratagnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblomanon_language" title="Romblomanon language">Romblomanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadyawan_language" title="Tadyawan language">Tadyawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbuid_language" title="Tawbuid language">Tawbuid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukid_language" title="Bukid language">Bukid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higaonon_language" title="Higaonon language">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilianen_language" title="Ilianen language">Ilianen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamigin_language" title="Kamigin language">Kamigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matigsalug_language" title="Matigsalug language">Matigsalug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subanen_languages" title="Subanen languages">Subanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bukidnon_Manobo" title="Western Bukidnon Manobo">Western Bukidnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_Manobo_language" title="Cotabato Manobo language">Cotabato Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilianen_language" title="Ilianen language">Ilianen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obo_language" title="Obo language">Obo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tboli_language" title="Tboli language">Tboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruray_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruray language">Tiruray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Visayas" title="Western Visayas">Western Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklanon_language" title="Aklanon language">Aklanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_language_(Negros)" title="Ata language (Negros)">Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati_language_(Philippines)" title="Ati language (Philippines)">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caluyanon_language" title="Caluyanon language">Caluyanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiznon_language" title="Capiznon language">Capiznon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulod_language" title="Sulod language">Sulod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subanen_languages" title="Subanen languages">Subanen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese_in_the_Philippines" title="Mandarin Chinese in the Philippines">Mandarin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Malay language in the Philippines">Malay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Spanish" title="Philippine Spanish">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish language in the Philippines">status</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Filipino Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Philippine_language" title="Proto-Philippine language">Proto-Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Tagalog" title="Old Tagalog">Old Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Cebuano" title="Classical Cebuano">Old Cebuano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippine_languages508" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_languages" title="Template:Philippine languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_languages" title="Template talk:Philippine languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippine_languages508" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batanic_languages" title="Batanic languages">Batanic (Bashiic)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itbayat_language" title="Itbayat language">Itbayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_language" title="Ivatan language">Ivatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_language" title="Yami language">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Mindanao_languages" title="South Mindanao languages">Bilic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tboli_language" title="Tboli language">Tboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teduray_language" title="Teduray language">Teduray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon_languages" title="Central Luzon languages">Central Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatang_Kayi_language" title="Hatang Kayi language">Hatang Kayi</a> (Remontado)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sambalic_languages" title="Sambalic languages">Sambalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abellen_language" title="Abellen language">Abellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambala_language" title="Ambala language">Ambala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolinao_language" title="Bolinao language">Bolinao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botolan_language" title="Botolan language">Botolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antsi_language" title="Antsi language">Mag-antsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indi_language" title="Indi language">Mag-indi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marivele%C3%B1o_language" title="Mariveleño language">Mariveleño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal_language" title="Sambal language">Sambal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Philippine_languages" title="Greater Central Philippine languages">Greater Central<br />Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_languages" title="Central Philippine languages">Central Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bikol_languages" title="Bikol languages">Bikol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albay_Bikol_language" title="Albay Bikol language">Albay Bikol</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Partido_language" title="Inagta Partido language">Isarog Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iraya_Agta_language" title="Mount Iraya Agta language">Mount Iraya Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iriga_Agta_language" title="Mount Iriga Agta language">Mount Iriga Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan_Bikol_language" title="Pandan Bikol language">Pandan Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinconada_Bikol_language" title="Rinconada Bikol language">Rinconada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bisayan_languages" title="Bisayan languages">Bisayan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklanon_language" title="Aklanon language">Aklanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantoanon_language" title="Bantoanon language">Asi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantayanon_language" title="Bantayanon language">Bantayanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybay_language" title="Baybay language">Baybay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butuanon_language" title="Butuanon language">Butuanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caluyanon_language" title="Caluyanon language">Caluyanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiznon_language" title="Capiznon language">Capiznon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Boholano_dialect" title="Boholano dialect">Boholano</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Classical_Cebuano" title="Classical Cebuano">Old Cebuano †</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyonon_language" title="Cuyonon language">Cuyonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabalian_language" title="Kabalian language">Kabalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karay-a_language" title="Karay-a language">Karay-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolanos_language" title="Karolanos language">Karolanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahat_language" title="Magahat language">Magahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate%C3%B1o_language" title="Masbateño language">Masbateño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sorsogon_language" title="Northern Sorsogon language">Northern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onhan_language" title="Onhan language">Onhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porohanon_language" title="Porohanon language">Porohanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratagnon_language" title="Ratagnon language">Ratagnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblomanon_language" title="Romblomanon language">Romblomanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sorsogon_language" title="Southern Sorsogon language">Southern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulod_language" title="Sulod language">Sulod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_language" title="Surigaonon language">Surigaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waray_language" title="Waray language">Waray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mansakan_languages" title="Mansakan languages">Mansakan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davaoe%C3%B1o_language" title="Davaoeño language">Davawenyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalagan_language" title="Kalagan language">Kalagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayo_language" title="Kamayo language">Kamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamanwa_language" title="Mamanwa language">Mamanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaya_language" title="Mandaya language">Mandaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansaka_language" title="Mansaka language">Mansaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tagalogic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin" title="Kasiguranin">Kasiguranin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Old_Tagalog" title="Old Tagalog">Old Tagalog</a> †</small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Batangas_Tagalog" title="Batangas Tagalog">Batangueño</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(unclassified)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ata_language_(Negros)" title="Ata language (Negros)">Ata</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danao_languages" title="Danao languages">Danao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_language" title="Maguindanao language">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo%E2%80%93Mongondow_languages" title="Gorontalo–Mongondow languages">Gorontalo–Mongondow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bintauna_language" title="Bintauna language">Bintauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolango_language" title="Bolango language">Bolango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buol_language" title="Buol language">Buol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_language" title="Gorontalo language">Gorontalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidipang_language" title="Kaidipang language">Kaidipang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolak_language" title="Lolak language">Lolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongondow_language" title="Mongondow language">Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponosakan_language" title="Ponosakan language">Ponosakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwawa_language" title="Suwawa language">Suwawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manobo_languages" title="Manobo languages">Manobo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_language" title="Agusan language">Agusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Manobo_language" title="Ata Manobo language">Ata Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukid_language" title="Bukid language">Binukid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_Manobo_language" title="Cotabato Manobo language">Cotabato Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higaonon_language" title="Higaonon language">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilianen_language" title="Ilianen language">Ilianen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagayanen_language" title="Kagayanen language">Kagayanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamigin_language" title="Kamigin language">Kamigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matigsalug_language" title="Matigsalug language">Matigsalug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obo_language" title="Obo language">Obo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangani_language" title="Sarangani language">Sarangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagabawa_language" title="Tagabawa language">Tagabawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bukidnon_Manobo" title="Western Bukidnon Manobo">Western Bukidnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palawanic_languages" title="Palawanic languages">Palawanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aborlan_Tagbanwa_language" title="Aborlan Tagbanwa language">Aborlan Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_language_(Philippines)" title="Batak language (Philippines)">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tagbanwa_language" title="Central Tagbanwa language">Central Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawano_language" title="Palawano language">Palawano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taaw%CA%BCt_Bato_language" title="Taawʼt Bato language">Taawʼt Bato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mindoro_languages" title="Southern Mindoro languages">Southern Mindoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_language" title="Buhid language">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_language" title="Hanunoo language">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbuid_language" title="Tawbuid language">Tawbuid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subanen_languages" title="Subanen languages">Subanen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Subanon_language" title="Western Subanon language">Western Subanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalamian_languages" title="Kalamian languages">Kalamian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agutaynen_language" title="Agutaynen language">Agutaynen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamian_Tagbanwa_language" title="Calamian Tagbanwa language">Calamian Tagbanwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_languages" title="Minahasan languages">Minahasan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tombulu_language" title="Tombulu language">Tombulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondano_language" title="Tondano language">Tondano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsawang_language" title="Tonsawang language">Tonsawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsea_language" title="Tonsea language">Tonsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tontemboan_language" title="Tontemboan language">Tontemboan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Luzon_languages" title="Northern Luzon languages">Northern Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arta_language" title="Arta language">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicamay_Agta_language" title="Dicamay Agta language">Dicamay Agta</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley_languages" title="Cagayan Valley languages">Cagayan Valley</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cagayan_Agta_language" title="Central Cagayan Agta language">Cagayan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%CA%BCdang_language" title="Gaʼdang language">Gaʼdang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddang_language" title="Gaddang language">Gaddang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanag_language" title="Ibanag language">Ibanag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isnag_language" title="Isnag language">Isnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogad_language" title="Yogad language">Yogad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meso-Cordilleran_languages" title="Meso-Cordilleran languages">Meso-Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alta_language" title="Northern Alta language">Northern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Cordilleran_languages" title="Central Cordilleran languages">Central Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangao_language" title="Balangao language">Balangao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontoc_language" title="Bontoc language">Bontoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao_language" title="Ifugao language">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinai_language" title="Isinai language">Isinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itneg_languages" title="Itneg languages">Itneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_language" title="Kalinga language">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_language" title="Kankanaey language">Kankanaey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwali_language" title="Tuwali language">Tuwali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cordilleran_languages" title="Southern Cordilleran languages">Southern Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugkalot_language" title="Bugkalot language">Bugkalot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_language" title="Ibaloi language">Ibaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaak_language" title="Iwaak language">Iwaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karao_language" title="Karao language">Karao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_language" title="Pangasinan language">Pangasinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindoro_languages" title="Northern Mindoro languages">Northern Mindoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alangan_language" title="Alangan language">Alangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraya_language" title="Iraya language">Iraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadyawan_language" title="Tadyawan language">Tadyawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangiric_languages" title="Sangiric languages">Sangiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantik_language" title="Bantik language">Bantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratahan_language" title="Ratahan language">Ratahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangir_language" title="Sangir language">Sangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaud_language" title="Talaud language">Talaud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ati_language_(Philippines)" title="Ati language (Philippines)">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klata_language" title="Klata language">Klata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Umiray Dumaget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manide–Alabat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Alabat_language" title="Inagta Alabat language">Inagta Alabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manide_language" title="Manide language">Manide</a></li> <li>?<a href="/wiki/Katabangan_language" title="Katabangan language">Katabangan</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Philippine_language" title="Proto-Philippine language">Proto-Philippine</a> †</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>† indicates <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct status</a></li> <li>? indicates classification dispute</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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